University of Aarhus ECOTOURISM AS A WAY TO PROTECT ...

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Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature laws/regulation etc. In contrast, decreasing numbers of visitors may be caused by bad ecotourism services or boring tourism attractions. It may wake up the manager to look back and check the whole tourism conditions. The case study in Galapagos Islands is evidence showing how useful a monitoring program can be. Recognising the problem which were created from inadequate local guides is a good example for others ecotourism elsewhere. Establishment of the new special laws may also be the consequence of a well implemented monitoring program and The Charles Darwin Research Station likewise. Up to now, the word “ecotourism” has been abused. The term ecotourism should be meaningfully implemented. However, who will judge whether it is abused or not It is very difficult to answer right now. The existing ecolabels such as “Green globe 21” and others are being promoted and implemented elsewhere as the certification for tourism operation. It is necessary to have a linkage between the local, regional, national and international organisations to control and qualify ecotourism operations. UNEP may play an important role in this aspect. They should co-operate with other ecolabels to plan strategies for certifying the ecotourism operation. Local organisations play a role in implementing and monitoring the tourism management strategies. National and international organisations are important in consultant duties. It is possibly necessary to link ecolabel with carrying capacity and monitoring programs. This would help to ensure successful ecotourism operation. The carrying capacity and ecolabel play a role as guidelines and certification for tourism operation. Whereas monitoring programs play a role as the controller. Monitoring programs will check whether ecotourism operators have a certification or not. Monitoring program also checks whether ecotourism 78
Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature operations exceed the carrying capacity or not. These checked result in feedback to tourism management plans. Running ecotourism cannot be carried out by single ecotourism segment such as local communities, tourist companies, and government agencies. Local communities do not have much experience with establishing ecotourism themselves, but they play an important role in conserving the wildlife surrounding them. They need to learn from other tourism segments. The tourist companies may have more experiences with tourist operation than other organisations. They may play an important role in training and advising the local people in ecotourism operation. They are also a bridge between the local, regional, national, and international levels. They can help to advertise and offer advises for tourism activities. In order to set political guidelines for tourism operation, the government organisations may play more important role. Establishing regulations is, of course, contributed from many different disciplinary, including social sciences, political sciences, natural sciences etc. Government agencies may need to be given a high power for controlling over other tourism segments. Scientific research institutes and universities may play an important role in assessing natural attraction, including species components, abundance, distribution and their situation in term of conservation and potential visibility for ecotourism attraction. Later, they also help to monitor impacts and give suggestions to environmental and wildlife management. The Charles Darwin Research Station in Galapagos has acted as advisers for park management in general and ecotourism operation in particular. Why should we prefer ecotourism rather than conventional tourism Tourism is a good source of income and because of that, mass tourism often 79
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