University of Aarhus ECOTOURISM AS A WAY TO PROTECT ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 5
1.2. Structure and limitation ............................................................................... 7
2. ECOTOURISM ............................................................................................... 9
2.1. Definition of Ecotourism............................................................................. 9
2.1.1. Branches of tourism............................................................................... 9
2.1.2. Different kinds of tourism ................................................................... 10
2.2. Ecotourism definition................................................................................ 11
2.2.1. Ecotourism as a sustainable development concept ............................. 12
2.2.2. Ecotourism as a market segment ......................................................... 14
2.2.3. Other definitions.................................................................................. 14
2.2.4. Ecotourism - is there a final concept……………………………… 16
2.3. Is Ecotourism really sustainable.............................................................. 16
2.3.1. Conditions for successful ecotourism................................................. 16
2.3.2. How many tourists are ecotourists.................................................... 16
2.4. Economic aspects of ecotourism ............................................................... 17
2.5. Certification of ecotourism........................................................................ 21
2.5.1 Green Globe 21..................................................................................... 23
2.5.2. National Ecotourism Accreditation Program of Australia .................. 24
2.5.3. Other Tourism Ecolabels..................................................................... 25
2.5.4. Structural framework of ecolabel schemes ......................................... 27
2.5.5. Ecolabels as a future for ecotourism regulation .................................. 27
2.6. Different roles of ecotourism .................................................................... 28
2.6.1. Generating economic benefits for different stakeholders……………30
2.6.2. Ecotourism benefit to local education……………………………… 31
2.6.3. Ecotourism benefit to promote conservation ...................................... 33
2.7. Monitoring ecotourism activities and mitigating negative impacts……...36
2.7.1. Negative impacts from ecotourism...................................................... 36
2.7.2. Indicators for monitoring and mitigating negative impacts of
ecotourism...................................................................................................... 37
3. CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................ 39
3.1. Ecotourism in Galapagos Islands .............................................................. 39
3.1.1. Introduction to Galapagos Islands....................................................... 39
3.1.2. Nature .................................................................................................. 40
3.1.3. History ................................................................................................. 43
3.1.4. The National Park................................................................................ 45
3.1.5. The effect of ecotourism...................................................................... 49
3.1.6 The New Special Law .......................................................................... 54
3.1.7. Conclusion........................................................................................... 55