University of Aarhus ECOTOURISM AS A WAY TO PROTECT ...

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Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature • Introduce which conditions are important for successful ecotourism. • It will deal with ecotourism within the world tourism market and consider economical aspects. • It will deal with ecolabeling (environmental certification in tourism), and present different kinds of ecolabels around the world. • It will look at the roles of ecotourism in conserving biodiversity in protected areas and the role of local participation in ecotourism. The chapter also looks at how the proceeds are generated and who benefits from tourism. • It deals with the negative impacts of ecotourism and how to minimise these impacts. Chapter three is made up of two case studies. We will look at how tourism is promoted in these two places. We have chosen two countries from distinct places in the world, and we will look at how they are managing the National Park. They are both developing countries. It would have been interesting to compare these two countries with tourism in an industrialised country, but it would not be possible within the scope of this project. We chose the Galapagos Islands and the Kruger National Park in South Africa because they have a very similarly economic situation, but they differ when it comes to the actual management of tourism. Learning from two case studies, we will figure out what should be followed and what should be avoided. Chapter four opens a discussion on the notion “ecotourism”, and how to implement it in practice. Chapter five contains the final conclusion and suggestions. 8
Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature 2. ECOTOURISM 2.1. Definition of Ecotourism Until recently, there has been some confusion concerning the etymology or origin of the term ecotourism, as is evident in the tremendous volume of literature on the topic (Fennell, 1999). It is quite obvious that ecotourism is a special part of tourism, as the "Eco" (1) label means that there is some "natural" concern within this branch of tourism. On the following pages we will give an introduction to this extremely complicated and diversified field. We will also present the major approaches of tourism recently used, and in the end of the theoretical part we will carry out some final definition of "ecotourism" including all the important aspects. 2.1.1. Branches of tourism The most narrow definition of tourism has been presented by the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) (2) . According to this definition tourism is any form of travel that involves a stay of least one night but less than one year away from home. But generally tourism is simply defined as domestic or international travel for leisure and recreation (Roe, 1997). Within the huge group of different types of tourist activities we can distinguish some major segments. Basically, tourism consists of two major parts: mass tourism and alternative tourism (Mieczkowski, 1995). The alternative "branch" may be divided into many other parts like: agro-tourism, wildlife tourism, adventure tourism, nature and ecotourism (see figure 2). 1 oikos - from Greek words, means - house or dwelling, (Odum, 1971). 2 The World Tourism Organisation is the leading international organisation in the field of travel and tourism 9
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University of Aarhus ECOTOURISM AS A WAY TO PROTECT ...

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