Vol.18_No.2 - Pesticide Alternatives Lab - Michigan State University

Spring 2009 Resistant Pest Management Newsletter Vol. 18, No. 2
one or more generation, alternating insecticides, and
changing control strategies decreased the frequency of
gene resistance to a level where control can become
possible again. Finally, Shekeban (2002) recorded high
levels of resistance in pink bollworm field strains by
the late 2000 cotton season against profenofos,
chlorpyrifos-methyl and chlorpyrifos, these levels were
33.82, 44.79 and 35.16 fold, respectively. Also,
reported that by the late 2001 cotton season the
resistance levels were increased to be 38.45, 50.26 and
42.3 fold.
REFERENCES
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Anonymous (2004). UNCTAD, United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development (2004). World cotton production.
Research summary. www.unctad.org/
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Plapp ,Jr. (1996).
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resistance to pesticides. Plenum, New York.
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Baker (1987). Pheromone traps for monitoring insecticide
resistance in the pink bollworm moth (Lepidoptera :
Gelechiidae) : New tool for resistance management.
Environ.Entomol.; 16:84-89.
Magaro, J.J and N. Edelson (1990). Diamondback moth
(Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) in south Texas: A technique for
resistance monitoring in the field . J. Econ. Entomol., 83 (4):
1201-1206.
Miller, T.A. (1986). Status of resistance in the cotton insect
complex. Dettwide cotton production research conf.; 162-165.
Miller, T.A. (1990). Resistance monitoring of pink bollworm
California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), pink
bollworm final report 1990; 146-147.
Mink, J.S. and D.J. Boethel (1992). Development of a diagnostic
technique for monitoring permethrin resistance in soybean
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85(4):10565-1062.
Osman, A.A. ; T.F. Watson and S. Sivasupramaniam (1991).
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Plapp, F.W. Jr; J. A. Jackman ; C. Campanhola ;R. E. Frisbie;
H.B.Graves ; R.G. Lutterll; W.F. Kitten and M. Wall (1990)
. Monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in the
tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Texas,
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Roush, R. T. and J. A. McKenzie (1987). Ecological genetics of
insecticide and acaricide resistance. Ann.Rev. Entomol.; 32:
361-380.
Shekeban, M. M. K. (2000). Studies on insecticide resistance in
certain major cotton insects with special reference to different
measurements and monitoring methods. Ph.D. Thesis,
Department of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufiya
University.
Shekeban , Magdy M.K (2002). Attracticide and biochemical
monitoring for insecticide resistance in pink bollworm (
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.
M. M.K.SHEKEBAN 1 , A.M.I.AL-BELTAGY 1 ,
M.M.ABO EL-AMAYEM 2 , S.M.I.KASSEM 2 ,
A.H.MANCEE 2 AND S.A.EL-ARAMI 2
1- Bollworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute,
Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
2- Chemistry of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
ESTERASE MECHANISMS OF THE RESISTANCE FORMING IN HOUSEFLY (MUSCA
DOMESTICA L.) TO INSECTICIDES
ABSTRACT
The esterase mechanisms of the housefly resistance in the
process of resistance forming to insecticides from three chemical
classes: organophosphates, pyrethroids and derivate of
benzylphenylurea were researched in this investigation. It is revealed
that activity of non-specific esterases increased twice as much in the
resistant strains as compared with sensitive strain already in 6-12 th
generations.
INTRODUCTION
Esterases are ferments, catalised reactions of
ethers hydrolysis of alcohols with organic and
inorganic acids. The term “esterases” usually mark
only hydrolases of ethers of carbon acids.
Carboxylesterases and arilesterases are often united in
a group of nonspecific esterases. Functional value of
insect esterase is defined in their participation in the
regulation of hormone titre, metabolism and
mobilization of fats, nervous tissue, syntheses and
somewhat transport cuticule waxes, reproduction, as
well as degradation of different xenobiotics (Hrunin,
2001). Insect esterases are able to participate in
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