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Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in Delhi. {Deptt. of Environment, Govt. of NCT-Delhi} NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL {Environment Division} Lodi Road, New Delhi (INDIA) [May, 2002]

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment

Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste

Disposal Sites in Delhi.

{Deptt. of Environment, Govt. of NCT-Delhi}

NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL

{Environment Division}

Lodi Road, New Delhi (INDIA)

[May, 2002]

Abbreviations

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

CGWB : Central Ground Water Board

C.E.T.P : Common Effluent Treatment Plant

DOE : Department of Environment

DPCC : Delhi Pollution Control Committee

DSIDC : Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation

DGCA : Directorate General of Civil Aviation

EIA : Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment

HW Landfill :

Hazardous Waste Landfill

IAE : Industrial areas/estates

MCD : Municipal Corporation of Delhi

MOEF : Ministry of Environment & Forest

NCT - Delhi :

National Capital Territory of Delhi

NPC : National Productivity Council

NBSS&LUP :

National Burea of Soil Survey And landuse planning

SLF : Secured Landfill facility

TSDF : Treatment, storage and disposal faciity

UNEP : United Nations Environment Protection Agency

STUDY TEAM

(Environment Division)

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR

Dr. A. K. Saxena, Director

TEAM LEADER

Mr. Yogesh Gupta, Dy. Director

TEAM MEMBERS

FROM HQRS., New Delhi

Ms. Shukla Pal, Assistant Director

Mr. Dinesh Aggarwal, Assistant Director

Mr. Hemant Kumar, Assistant Director

Mr. Dilip Kr. Bera, Assistant Director

Mr. Debajit Das, Assistant Director

LABORATORY SERVICES

SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE

Mr. S. K. Jain

Mr. Bhupendra Kumar

Mrs. H. K. Sarana

Mr. R.K. Ahuja

Mr. S. K. Sharma,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to place on record our sincere thanks to Department of

Environment (DOE), Govt. of NCT - Delhi. for entrusting us this prestigious study.

Our sincere thanks are due to Smt. Naini Jayaseelan, IAS, Secretary, Environment &

Chairman, DPCC, Govt. of NCT - Delhi and Shri Pankaj Kumar, Deputy Secretary,

Environment, Department of Environment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi for their guidance and

support.

We are also thankful to Dr. K. Kumar, Sr. Scientist, DOE and Mr. M. Dwarka Nath,

SSO, DPCC for their co-operation and help at various stages during the conduction of this study.

We thank Mr. S. K. Chabba, Executive Engineer & Mr. U. S. Govil, Asstt Executive

Engineer, DSIDC, Bawana and Mr. Mahendra Kumar, Executive Engineer; Mr. N. C.

Saxena, Executive Engineer and other officers of DSIDC, Wazirpur for their co-operation

during the study. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Meena, Executive Engineer, Mr. R. S.

Gupta, Assistant Engineer, MCD.

We are highly grateful to the following Central & State Government Departments given below for

sharing their information with us to utilise the same in Environmental Impact Assessment

Studies. This study would have never been complete if they had not provided us their support &

help:

1. Archeological Survey of India, Delhi Circle

2. Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India

3. Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India

4. Deputy Conservator of Forest, Govt. of NCT - Delhi

5. Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of NCT - Delhi

6. Geological Survey of India, Govt. of India

7. Delhi Jal Board, Govt. of NCT - Delhi

8. Indian Metereological Department

Last but not the least, we thank all who are associated with the study & field visits directly and

indirectly for their co-operation and help.

(National Productivity Council)

TABLE OF CONTENT

Sl. No. Description Page

No.

Acknowledgement

Study Team

Abbreviations

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Objective 1

1.3 Scope of Work 1

1.4 Methodology 2

CHAPTER II: MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES GENERATED IN

DELHI

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Hazardous Waste Generating Industrial Sectors & Sub-Sectors 7

2.3 Existing hazardous waste Management practices 9

2.4 Quantity and category of Hazardous Wastes from Industrial Units 10

2.5 Proposed Disposal options for different categories of hazardous wastes

generated from 28 Industrial Estates/Areas

CHAPTER III: SITE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION CRITERIA

3.1 Introduction 14

3.2 CPCB Criteria for Hazardous waste landfills 14

3.3 MOEF Guidelines for siting of Hazardous Waste Treatment and disposal

facilities

3.4 Site Assessment & Selection Criteria Followed Internationally 24

CHAPTER IV: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 Site Description 27

4.3 Physiography 46

4.4 Hydrology / Hydrogeology 48

4.5 Geological Framework 75

4.6 Soil Classification 76

4.7 Geotechnical Investigation 82

4.8 Meteorology 94

4.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 98

4.10 Demography 104

11

Sl. No. Description Page

No.

4.11 Land Use/ Land Cover Map 107

4.12 Archaeological Features 117

4.13 Future Land Use Plan 118

4.14 Distance from Airport 118

4.15 Road Linkage 118

4.16 Forest Area 122

4.17 Natural hazards 122

CHAPTER V:

EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES

5.1 Evaluation of the site 127

5.2 Detailed Site Investigation as per CPCB criteria, MOEF Guidelines and

Internationally followed ranking system

5.3 Conclusions & Recommendation 155

CHAPTER VI: CONCEPTUALISED PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE

DISPOSAL FACILITIY

6.1 Conceptual Design of Secured Landfill Facility 159

6.2 Landfill Infrastrcture 164

6.3 Post Closure Plans 164

CHAPTER VII: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SECURED

LANDFILL FACILITY SITE

7.1 Introduction 165

7.2 Major Activities of Developing Secured Landfill Facility For Disposal of

Hazardous Waste having Impact on Different Components of

Environment

7.3 Potential Environmental Impacts of developing SLF 166

7.4 Environmental Impact Analysis 169

7.5 Environmental Impact statement 177

CHAPTER VIII: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Environmental Management Plan 179

8.2 Environmental Quality Monitoring Plan 182

8.3 Emergency Management Plan 182

CHAPTER IX:

PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

9.1 Introduction 186

9.2 Stakeholders to the Project 186

9.3 Public Consultation Techniques 187

9.3.1 Information Techniques 187

9.3.2 Participation Techniques 188

137

Sl. No. Description Page

No.

9.4 Public Consultation 188

CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 189

Annexures

Annex I: Reasons for scaling the criteria and assigning the weightages

Annex II: Preliminary Site visit reports

Annex III: Drinking Water and Surface Water Quality Standards

Annex IV: Soils of NCT - Delhi

Annex V: NOC from DGCA

Table.

No.

List of Tables

Content

2.1 Hazardous Waste generating Industrial sectors and sub sectors

3.1 Site Sensitivity Indices for Selected Attributes

3.2 Weightages for Ranking of Waste Treatment and Disposal Sites

3.3 Rejection knock out Criteria

3.4 Site Evaluation Criteria

4.1 Surface Water quality of two major surface drains in the study area

4.2 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site in Bawana

relocational Industrial complex

4.3 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site adjacent to Wazirpur

CETP

4.4 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site in village Guman hera

4.5 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 2001 by CGWB, Chandigarh and

CPCB, (Site I)

4.6 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 2001 by CGWB, Chandigarh and

CPCB (Site II)

4.7 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 2001 by CGWB, Chandigarh and

CPCB (Site III)

4.8 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 1999 by SIMA Labs (Site I)

4.9 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 1999by SIMA Labs, 1999 (Site II)

4.10 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site I)

4.11 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site II)

4.12 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site III)

4.13 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Bawana relocational Industrial site

4.14 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Wazirpur CETP site

4.15 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Guman Hera site

4.16 Average monthly rainfall in NCT - Delhi

4.17 Average wind speed in NCT - Delhi

4.18 Ambient Air Quality around Site II (Source: State of Environment Report on Delhi,

2001)

4.19 Ambient Air Quality around Site I & Site IV ( Source: REIA of proposed new Indl.

Areas in Delhi)

4.20 Ambient air quality monitored by NPC, 2002 (Site I)

4.21 Noise Level (Site I)

Table.

No.

Content

4.22 Ambient air quality monitored by NPC, 2002 (Site I)

4.23 Noise Level (Site I)

4.24 Ambient air quality monitored by NPC, 2002 (Site I)

4.25 Noise Level (Site I)

4.26 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site I

4.27 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site II

4.28 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site III

4.29 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site IV

4.30 Landuse around Site I & Site IV

4.31 Landuse around Site II

4.32 Landuse around Site III

5.1 Evaluation of Bawana Relocational Industrial Site (Locational criteria)

5.2 Evaluation of Wazirpur CETP Site (Locational criteria)

5.3 Evaluation of Guman Hera Site (Locational criteria)

5.4 Evaluation of Old Bawana Site (Locational criteria)

5.5 Summarised evaluation all the sites (Locational Criteria)

5.6 Detailed evaluation of Site I as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria)

5.7 Detailed evaluation of Site II as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria)

5.8 Detailed evaluation of Site III as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria)

5.9 Detailed evaluation of Site IV as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria)

5.10 Detailed evaluation of Site I as per criteria adapted by NPC

5.11 Detailed evaluation of Site II as per criteria adapted by NPC

5.12 Detailed evaluation of Site III as per criteria adapted by NPC

5.13 Detailed evaluation of Site IV as per criteria adapted by NPC

7.1 Impacts Checklist

7.2 Weighted Impacts without Mitigation Measures

7.3 Weighted Impacts with Mitigation Measures

8.1 Environmental Management Plan

List of Figures

Figure

Content

No.

2.1 Location of 28 Approved IAEs in NCT of Delhi

2.2 Pattern of Hazardous Waste Generation in Each IAEs

2.3 Distribution of Total Quantity of Hazardous Wastes for PCT, Incineration,

Recycle/Reuse, SLF Disposal.

2.4 Management Plan for Various Types of Hazardous Wastes Generated from

Major Industrial Estates/Areas

2.5 Distribution of Hazardous Wastes for PCT, Incineration and Recycle/Reuse

4.1 Administrative blocks of NCT - Delhi

4.2 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site I ( Bawana Relocational

Industrial Complex)

4.3 Layout of proposed site I (Bawana Relocational Industrial Complex )

4.4 Layout of proposed site II ( near Wazirpur CETP)

4.5 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site II ( Wazirpur CETP)

4.6 Layout of proposed site III (near village Guman Hera)

4.7 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site III ( near village)

4.8 Layout of proposed site IV (old Bawana site)

4.9 Physiographic regions of NCT- Delhi

4.10 Drainage system in NCT - Delhi

4.11 Drainage map around proposed site I & IV

4.12 Drainage map around proposed site II

4.13 Drainage map around proposed site III

4.14 Groundwater/Surfacewater sampling locations within 5 km radius from

proposed Site I

4.15 Groundwater/Surfacewater sampling locations within 5 km radius from

proposed Site II

4.16 Groundwater/Surfacewater sampling locations within 5 km radius from

proposed Site III

4.17 Groundwater flow direction in NCT- Delhi, 2000

4.18 Ground water table in NCT- Delhi, 1999

4.19 Geological and Geomorphological units of NCT Delhi

4.20 Depth to bedrock in NCT- Delhi

4.21 Soils of NCT- Delhi

4.22 Drainage classes in NCT - Delhi ( based on permeability of soil)

4.23 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site I ( Based Geotechnical

investigation)

4.24 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site II ( Based Geotechnical

investigation)

4.25 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site III ( Based Geotechnical

investigation)

4.26 Windrose diagram for NCT- Delhi

4.27 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site I

4.28 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site II

4.29 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site III

4.30 Pie chart depicting the distribution of different landuse pattern within 5 km

radius from proposed site I

4.31 Pie chart depicting the distribution of different landuse pattern within 5 km

radius from proposed site II

4.32 Pie chart depicting the distribution of different landuse pattern within 5 km

radius from proposed site III

4.33 Morpho Landuse map of NCT- Delhi ( Source: GSI)

4.34 Land suitability/ land capability map of NCT- Delhi ( Source: GSI)

4.35 Future landuse plan around proposed site I ( within Bawana relocation industrial

complex)

4.36 Flood prone areas in NCT- Delhi

4.37 Map showing Saline/ brackish groundwater zone, bad land, groundwater

overdraft, Seasonally/perennially logged tract in NCT- Delhi

4.38 Seismicity map of NCT- Delhi

4.39 Map showing iso seismals in NCT - Delhi

6.1 Layout of Secured Landfill Facility

6.2 Double composite liner system (Bottom Liner system)

6.3 Final cover system

PhotoPlates

1 Proposed site I located within Bawana relocation industrial complex. A

rice mill is seen in the background. Also seen is village Holambi Kalan in

the background

2. Proposed site I : A 440 KV high power tension line passing over the site.

Dry Gogha drain is seen in front of the site.

3. Proposed site I: On going road construction adjacent to the site is seen

in the photograph.

4. Proposed site II: Wazirpur CETP adjacent to the proposed site is seen in

the photograph.

5. Proposed site II adjacent to Wazirpur CETP. JJ cluster is seen in the

background.

6 Proposed site II: Ashok vihar Ph - II residential area is seen in the

background.

7. JJ clusters encroaching the proposed site at Wazirpur. Also seen is

stagnant pool of water.

8. Azadpur railway passing by the site.

9. Proposed site III located near village Guman Hera. A stagnant pool of

water is seen near the site. Wild Bushes are grown within the proposed

site.

10. Najafgarh drain passing near the proposed site III

11. Geotechnical investigations at site II (Setup is shown)

12. Geotechnical investigations at site II (Drilling being done at the site)

13. Geotechnical investigations at site III (Setup is shown)

14. Geotechnical investigations at site III (Drilling being done at the site)

15. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I

16. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I

17. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I

Executive Summary

Page No 1(9)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Due to indiscriminate disposal of hazardous waste on land or low lying areas in NCT

of Delhi, an urgent need was felt to develop a common hazardous waste landfill

facility for all the industrial units operating in 28 approved industrial estates/areas.

This requires identification of suitable site through Environmental Impact

Assessment process.

In view of this, Department of Environment, Government of N.C.T-Delhi has

entrusted National Productivity Council to conduct Rapid Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) studies for the following pre-identified hazardous waste disposal

sites for one season only:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Site I: Site located at Bawana Industrial Relocation Complex,

Site II: Site located adjacent to Wazirpur CETP,

Site III: Site located near village Guman Hera

(iv) In addition, one more site close to Bawana Industrial Area identified by the

Department of Environment (DOE), Government of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97 for

which EIA studies had been conducted by NPC in 1997 has been included for

comparison purpose.

Hazardous waste generation in NCT - Delhi

As per the report titled " Inventorisation of Hazardous waste generated from

approved industrial areas/estates in NCT of Delhi, 2000", total of 2,37,757 (approx.)

Kg/d of hazardous waste is expected from the approved industrial estates/areas. If

all the 15 CETPs in Delhi become operational, then anticipated sludge quantity from

them is 57.46 m 3 /d.

The distribution of total quantity of hazardous waste for Physico-chemical treatment,

Incineration, Recycle/reuse and disposal to Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) is shown

in figure below:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Executive Summary

Page No 2(9)

( 89.64 %)

136455

kg/d

(4.49%)

6840

kg/d

(0.068 %)

104

kg/d

1877

kg/d

(1.23%)

6954

kg/d

(4.57%)

PCT (liquid)

Incineration

Recovery/ reuse

Recovery/ reuse (liquid)

SLF

The management plan for different industrial estates/areas is shown in figure below:

50000,0

HW

gen

era

ted

(kg/

d)

45000,0

40000,0

35000,0

30000,0

WZP

25000,0

20000,0

15000,0

10000,0

RUN

SSI

OIA

MP

Badli

Narela

5000,0

0,0

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28

PCT (liquid) 400,0 200,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2600,0 250,0 2850,0 6104,0 0,0 125,0 950,0 0,0

Incineration 28,4 29,8 1,4 0,5 3,4 0,9 366,5 0,1 45,9 527,3 36,9 5,2 25,6 17,9

Recovery/ reuse 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 7,1 0,0 7,6 51,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,1 0,0 7,6 61,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0

SLF 43901,3 5336,6 2554,6 13198,4 2584,4 14652,4 9785,7 6073,4 690,7 7443,0 10342,0 3066,2 5995,3 8111,4

IE Code

The total quantity of hazardous wastes which is estimated to be 87,000 m 3 /annum

from all the 28 approved industrial estates/areas (including CETPs) shall be

disposed off in engineered landfill facility.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Area required for developing engineered landfill facility

Executive Summary

Page No 3(9)

For developing a SLF for disposal of 87,000 m 3 /annum of hazardous waste, 26.35

hectares of land is required for 20 years.

Assessment and Evaluation of Sites from Environmental angle

All the four pre-identified sites were assessed with respect to the locational criterias

stipulated by CPCb, MOEf and that adapted by NPC. The compliance of the criterias

by the four sites is summarised below:

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline Internationally

followed Criteria

adapted by NPC

Bawana

relocation

al

industrial

site

Conforms to

all

Does not conform to -

• The site shall be more than 25

Km away from ecologically and

or other sensitive areas

Conforms to all

Wazirpur

CETP site

Old

Bawana

site

Conforms

all

Conforms

all

to

• The site shall be 25 km away

from the projected growth

boundary of the settlement for

(atleast a decade)

• 1/2 km away from railway line

or highway

Conforms to all

Conforms to all .

Guman

Hera site

Conforms to

all

• The site shall be more than 25

Km away from ecologically and

or other sensitive areas

Conforms to all

• The site shall be 25 km away

from the projected growth

boundary of the settlement for

(atleast a decade)

Further, detailed site investigation was carried out for all the four sites with respect to

geotechnical properties, hydrological/hydrogeological, geological, soil, ambient air

quality, landuse/landcover, meteorology, demography,etc.

Based on the environmental settings, the sites were evaluated as per the Delphi

technique stipulated by MOEF and by the internationally followed criteria adapted by

NPC.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Executive Summary

Page No 4(9)

The scores obtained by all the proposed sites as per the evaluation criteria

mentioned above are summarised as given below:

Potential Site

As per MOEF Ranking

system

As per the

internationally

followed criteria

adapted by NPC

Sensitivity

Index

Rank Score Rank

Site I (within Bawana

relocation industrial

complex)

Site II (near Wazirpur

CETP)

Site III (near village Guman

Hera)

417 III 322 III

406 II 339 II

360 I 347 I

Site IV (Old Bawana Site) 474 IV 320 IV

As per MOEF criteria, the site with more score poses more risks to human health

and environment. Development of SLF at Site III exhibit least potential hazard,

therefore, is the most suitable site.

Similarly, for a site to be selected (under the criteria adapted by NPC followed

internationally), it should have a minimum score of 300. A site with a score of 400 is

ideal. All the sites have scored more than 300. However, Site III has the highest

score.

The brief descriptions of the sites concluded from the investigation studies is as

given below:

Potential Site Major negative attributes Major positive attributes

Site I (within

Bawana

relocation

industrial

complex)

Area

available is 6

hectares

(i)

This site falls within the

groundwater recharge

zone of western Yamuna

canal. The groundwater

water table varies from

0.75 to 4.5 m bgl. There is

fresh water aquifer

available at 30 - 40 m bgl

which poses the risk of

potential groundwater

contamination.

(i)

(ii)

The site is located in

the proposed Bawana

relocational industrial

complex.

It is located away from

the major settlements

in the region. Thus

posing low impact on

human beings.

(ii)

It is located 15 - 25 Km

away from the major waste

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

generating industrial

estates. Therefore cost of

transportation of waste

would be high.

Executive Summary

Page No 5(9)

(iii) Permeability of sub soil (

upto 4 m) ranges from 4.1

x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec

which is comparatively

high.

(iv)

A High power tension line

passes over the site. This

limits the height of the

landfill and thereby

reduces the life of the

landfill facility.

(v) The area available is

sufficient for development

of landfill facility for only 3

years.

(vi)

The site is adjacent to 60m

wide highway (under

construction).

Site II (near

Wazirpur

CETP)

Area

available is

1.3 Hectares

(i)

(ii)

The site is located within a

very thickly populated area.

The total area of the site is

too small. It is sufficient for

developing a landfill facility

of only 1 year life.

(i) The groundwater is

available below 13.5 m

bgl. The groundwater

quality is saline and

has hardness

exceeding the drinking

water standards.

(iii)

The site is within 500 m

from railway line.

(iv) Permeability of soil is

comparatively high (1.8 x

10 -4 to 8.3 x 10 -7 cm/sec).

Site III (near

village Guman

Hera)

Area

available is

56 Hectares

(i) The site is located at 30 -

40 Km away from major

industrial estates which will

increase transportation

cost.

(ii)

Permeability of sub soil is

(i)

(ii)

Area available is large

enough for developing

a facility for more than

20 years

The site is far away

located from major

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

high (4.5 x 10- 4 to 6.3 x 10-

6 cm/sec)

Executive Summary

Page No 6(9)

settlements in the

region.

(iii) The fresh water is

available below 30 - 40

m bgl.

Site IV (Old

Bawana Site)

Area

available is

60 Hectares

(i)

The site is under protected

Forest land.

(ii) The site is within

groundwater recharge

zone by western Yamuna

canal. Also it has shallow

groundwater table.

(i) The site has sufficient

land area for developing a

landfill facility for more than

20 years.

(iii)

The site is about 500m

from Bawana - Narela

road.

Permeability of the soil is

comparatively high ( 5.1 to 32.4 x

10 -7 cm/sec).

Based on the ranking of MOEF as well as internationally followed criteria, Site

III located near village Guman Hera is proposed for development of SLF for

disposal of hazardous waste.

The environmental impacts of developing and operating the SLF at the proposed site

near village Guman Hera were assessed. In order to mitigate the adverse

environmental impacts, mitigation measures have been proposed. Accordingly,

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which shall be followed

at the sites for disposal of hazardous waste in environmentally sound manner.

The mitigation measures to be taken are summarised in the following action points: -

Κ

Provide Protective Gears (such as Full sleeve apron, gumboots, mask, Gloves

etc) to workers

Training to workers for safe handling of wastes.

Leachate collection, treatment and disposal (systematic collection and

treatment of the leachate generated in the landfill facility).

Periodic Environmental Quality monitoring for ground water and ambient air

around site.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Κ

Executive Summary

Page No 7(9)

Green belt development surrounding the facility in order to abate air & noise

pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage.

Periodic water spray in order to suppress dust while carrying out excavation

and construction activities

After implementation of proposed EMP and mitigation measures, the disposal of

hazardous waste at the recommended site shall be considered as environmentally

sound process as it will take care of the following:

• Ground water and soil protection through the provisions of an impermeable base

of the facility, lined drain and disposal of non compatible waste in different cells.

• Surface water protection through diversion of surface run-on and installation of

leachate treatment plant.

The Environmental Impact Statement for the site at Guman Hera is as given below:

1. The total area of the site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres). However,

the area required for developing SLF for 20 years is only 26.35 hectares. The

land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT -

Delhi.

2. The site lies in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation,

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools. The site

falls in structural sag zone. It is located in wastelands within a dominantly

agricultural landuse.

3. There is no human population within 1 km distance of the site. The nearest

village is Guman Hera, which is 1 km away. The site is adjacent to a

"Gaushala" (Cow shelter). However, there is no regular use by inhabitants in

the Gaushala.

4. The nearest surface water body is Najafgarh drain, which is about 500 m

away from the site.

5. The groundwater table is available at 4.5 m b.g.l. The base of the landfill

should be atleast 2 m above the groundwater table. So a Double Composite

Liner system is proposed to be installed at the bottom of the landfill to prevent

the percolation of leachate to the ground water. The quality of water at this

level is however, saline. The fresh water aquifer in this area is available at a

depth beyond 35 m bgl.

6. As reported, the proposed site does not fall under any notified forest.

7. There is no navigable river or stream within the 100 m distance of the site.

8. As reported, the proposed site does not fall under flood prone area of the

Yamuna River. Therefore, developing the secured landfill facility at the

proposed site is not having the risk of flood.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Executive Summary

Page No 8(9)

9. The geo-technical investigations results at the site shows that the sub-soil

strata from existing ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists predominantly of

fine grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However, the

sub-soil strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of coarse

grained soils i.e. silty sand (SP-SM). The depth to bed rock at the site is more

than 300m b.g.l.

10. The quality of the groundwater shows: (I) Lead concentration values exceed

0.05 ppm in 1 U/s, 4 D/s locations, (ii) Hardness values exceed 600 ppm in 8

locations (5 D/s, 3 U/s), (iii) Fluoride values exceed 1.5 ppm in 2 U/s, 2 D/s

locations, (iv) TDS value exceeds 2000 ppm in 3 U/s, 5 D/s locations.

11. Based on 50 years rainfall data, average annual rainfall is reported to be

905.32 mm.

12. Based on monitoring of ambient air quality at the site for 3 days (24 hours

continuously), concentration of SPM, SO x and NO x at the site were in the

range of 145 - 160, 1.6 - 1.8 and 1.5 - 2.1 ug/nm 3 respectively. The presence

of the SPM, SO x and NO x in ambient air quality is well below the prescribed

national Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial areas/residential areas.

13. While carrying out excavation and construction of the landfill, periodic water

spray has been recommended in order to suppress dust.

14. Based on the findings of EIA studies, the above project can be considered as

less polluting project

15. The leachate generated secured landfill facility will be collected systematically

in the collection pit and will be pumped to the Treatment Plant for further

treatment before disposal into environment.

16. To prevent soil erosion after closure of the facility, vegetative cover will be

developed on top of the liner system.

17. Green belt will be developed surrounding the secured landfill facility in order

to abate air & noise pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage.

18. The development of this facility will facilitate the systematic collection,

storage, handling, transportation, processing and disposal of the hazardous

wastes generated from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in Delhi without

effecting the surrounding environment. This would result in improvement in

the general environment within the region.

19. Development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous wastes will

involve many activities as described in the report. This will increase the

opportunities of employment for the local people, which is a positive aspect of

the project.

20. Continuous monitoring of ground water and ambient air during operation and

closure of landfill facility is recommended to be carried out in the surrounding

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Executive Summary

Page No 9(9)

area of the facility. This will continue for 30 years even after the closure of the

facility.

---------------------------------

-----------------

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Rapid EIA Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in NCT - Delhi:

Page No.1

1.1 BACKGROUND

Chapter - 1

INTRODUCTION

The hazardous wastes generated from production processes and pollution control

facilities have to be managed scientifically as per the requirement of Hazardous

Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000 notified by Ministry of

Environment & Forest, Govt. of India in January 2000. As per these rules, all the

hazardous wastes have to be managed scientifically from the source of generation

to final disposal and disposed of in secured landfill facility in environmentally safe

manner. The small and medium scale industries are not financially capable of

treatment & disposal of hazardous wastes individually. Therefore, all the hazardous

waste generated in Delhi are being disposed of indiscriminately into the land and

sometimes even on water bodies also. Therefore, an urgent need was felt to identify

suitable site(s) in Delhi whereon the secured landfill facility can be developed for the

disposal of hazardous wastes generated by the industrial units of Delhi in

environmentally safe manner. In order to identify suitable site(s) for the development

of facilities for scientific disposal of hazardous wastes, EIA studies have to be

carried out. In view of this, Department of Environment, Government of N.C.T-Delhi

has entrusted National Productivity Council to conduct Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) studies for the following pre-identified hazardous waste disposal

sites:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Site located at Bawana Industrial Relocation Complex,

Site located adjacent to Wazirpur CETP,

Site located near village Guman Hera

In addition, there is one more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by the

Department of Environment (DOE), Government of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97. The

EIA studies for the same had been conducted by NPC in 1997. As per the

requirement of DOE the findings of the EIA Studies (1997), have also been

incorporated in this report for evaluation of site.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to conduct Rapid Environmental Impact

Assessment study for the three pre-identified potential sites from the technical and

environmental angle limited to one season only, in order to select a suitable site for

the development of a Hazardous waste disposal facility.

1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

In order to achieve the above objective, the following scope of work has been

envisaged:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.2

1. To establish the base line conditions of environmental settings i.e., physiography

of the site area, local meteorology, air, water and soil environment & ecology;

hydrology/ hydro-geology, geology/ geo-technology and demography.

2. To review the published baseline data/ information with regard to the location of

the three potential sites.

3. To prepare the existing land-use/ land cover maps covering 5 km. area around

each site based on remote sensing imagery.

4. Investigation and evaluation of the three potential sites as per the "Criteria for

Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by the Central Pollution Control Board in

February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000-2001) and the Guidelines for Siting of

Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities published by Ministry of

Environment & Forests on 1991.

5. To identify adverse environmental impacts due to development of hazardous

waste disposal facility at the proposed site and suggest appropriate mitigation

measures required.

6. To assess residual environmental impacts, if any, after implementation of

suggested mitigation measures which have to be incorporated during the

development of hazardous waste disposal facility.

7. To prepare conceptual design of secured landfill facility at the proposed site for

the disposal of hazardous waste.

8. To carry out Environmental Impact Analysis, ranking of the sites and prepare

Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed project.

9. To prepare Environmental Management Plan for the scientific operation and

management of hazardous waste disposal facility.

10. To prepare contingency plan for emergencies arising out of development &

operation of secured landfill facility at the proposed site.

1.4 METHODOLOGY

To carry out the above mentioned scope of work following methodology was

adopted:

(i)

Establishment of the base line conditions of environmental settings i.e.,

physiography of the site area, local meteorology, air, water and soil

environment & ecology; hydrology/ hydro-geology, geology/geotechnology

and demography.

• Baseline data/ information were collected/established with regard to the

distance of the site from the existing lake or pond, river, flood plain, highway,

habitation, public park, critical habitat area, wet lands, airports, water supply

well, coastal regulation zone.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.3

• Local meteorological data (rainfall, temperature, wind direction, seismicity

etc.) for the potential sites were collected from Indian Meteorological

Department.

• Monitoring of surface water resources, ground water and ambient air was

carried out at and around three potential sites in order to establish the base

line conditions of surface and ground water quality and ambient air quality.

• Soil sampling and analysis of soil characteristics were carried out through soil

experts.

• Hydrologic features of the catchment areas and seasonal fluctuations in

ground water table, etc. were obtained from Central Ground Water Board.

These details were studied to assess hydro-geological conditions of the area.

• Data regarding the geological and geo-technical features of the sites were

collected from concerned departments.

• The movement and direction of ground water flow were assessed based on

the data available from Central Ground Water Board.

(ii) Review of the published baseline data/ information with regard to the

location of the three potential sites.

• Locations of the three potential sites were evaluated based on the baseline

data/ information collected regarding location of the sites.

(iii) Preparation of the existing land-use/ land cover maps covering 5 km. area

around each site based on remote sensing imagery.

• The services of expert agencies were employed to prepare the land use/ land

cover maps covering 5 km area around each site based on remote sensing

imagery obtained for suitable time slot from INSAT 2B/ 2C Satellite.

(iv) Investigation and evaluation of the three potential sites as per the

"Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by the Central

Pollution Control Board in February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000-2001) and

the Guidelines for Siting of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal

Facilities published by Ministry of Environment & Forests on 1991.

• Three potential sites were investigated and evaluated based on the baseline

data collected as per the "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by

the Central Pollution Control Board in February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000-

2001). The potential sites were also evaluated as per the Guidelines for Siting

of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities published by Ministry

of Environment & Forests on 1991.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.4

• In addition, the sites were evaluated as per the "Site Assessment and Site

Evaluation" criteria developed/adapted by NPC based on the practices

followed in other developed countries.

(v) Identification of adverse environmental impacts due to development of

hazardous waste disposal facility at the proposed site and suggesting

appropriate mitigation measures required.

(vi) Preparation of Environmental Management Plan for the scientific

operation and management of hazardous waste disposal facility.

• Environmental Management Plan is prepared for the scientific operation and

management of hazardous waste disposal facility.

(vii) Preparation of contingency plan for emergencies arising out of

development of secured landfill facility at the proposed site.

• A contingency plan prepared listing procedures to be executed immediately

whenever there is emergency like fire, explosion or unexpected release of

leachate etc.

NPC’s Environmental Laboratory (approved by CPCB under Environmental

Protection Act, 1986) was used for the analysis of surface & ground water

samples and ambient air quality monitoring.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.5

Chapter - 2

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NCT OF DELHI

INTRODUCTION

National Productivity Council (NPC) had carried out "Inventorisation of Hazardous

Wastes Generated from Approved Industrial Areas/ Estates in NCT of Delhi" in the

year 2001 as per the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment

Rules, 2000 on behalf of Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). The report

submitted to DPCC covers the inventorisation and classification of polluting units in

each of the 28 approved industrial areas/ estates of Delhi, according to their

respective industrial sector/ sub sector. The data/ information regarding the

management of hazardous waste generated in NCT of Delhi is referred from the

above report and is given below.

As per the above report, there are a total of 28 approved industrial areas/ estates

(IAEs) in Delhi. The Location of 28 approved IAEs is shown in Fig 2.1.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.6

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.7

The status of Industrial Units in Approved Industrial Areas in NCT of Delhi is given

below.

• Total No. of Responding units : 13,785

• Total No. of polluting units : 3,680

• Total No. of Dry units : 10,105

• Total no. of air polluting units : 1263

• Total no. of wastewater generating units : 1778

• Total no. of hazardous waste generating units : 2613

HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATING INDUSTRIAL SECTORS &

SUB-SECTORS

The industrial sectors and sub sectors generating hazardous waste streams, along

with their categories, are given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Hazardous waste generating industrial sectors & sub-sectors

Industrial

sector

[As per H W (M & H) Amendment Rules, 2000]

Sub sector Waste streams Waste category

Sch. 1 Sch. 2

Assembly Electrical transformers Waste lacquer residue 21.1

Battery Manufacture of Lead

acid battery

Lead ash 4.1

Lead & Lead

compounds (formation

sludge, sweeping dust)

Recondition /

Battery acids 41.3

Recharging

Casting Aluminum Oven debris 9.3

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Iron Cupola oven dust 7.1

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Brass

Heavy metal

10.1

containing oven debris

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Copper

Heavy metal

10.1

containing oven debris

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Lead Lead slag 4.2

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Zinc

Heavy metal

10.1

containing oven debris

Flue gas cleaning

residue

39.4

B4

(Class B)

Page No.8

Industrial

sector

Chemicals Cosmetics

Electronic

componen

ts

Glass

Sub sector Waste streams Waste category

Food colours & Dyes

Residue of chemical

raw materials and

additives

Sludge from waste

Sch. 1 Sch. 2

33.1

22.2

water treatment

Ink Ink residue 21.1

Adhesive products Adhesive residue 22.1

Pesticide formulation Pesticide residue 35.1

Pharmaceutical

formulation

Residues from

production of

medicines

34.1

Paints Paint residue 21.1

PCB manufacturing Etching sludge 16.1

Glass etching with HF

Acid

Sludge from treatment

of wastewater

containing HF acid

39.2

Machining With cutting oil Spent lubricating oil 44.2

Heat Case hardening Cyanide containing 11.1

Treatment

sludge

Hardening salt 11.2

Leather Dyeing & Fat liquoring Chromium bearing 42.2

(Post tanning) sludge

Metal

finishing

Cu wire drawing Copper compounds

(Bath sludge)

Pickling ETP sludge 17.1

Anodizing ETP sludge 17.1

Enameling Residues of coatings 21.1

Gold & Silver plating ETP sludge 17.1

Hot dip coating Spent bath 16.3

(Galvanizing)

Lacquering & ETP sludge 17.1

Metallizing

MS wire drawing ETP sludge 17.1

Ni - Cr plating ETP sludge 17.1

Painting Paint sludge 21.1

Phosphating ETP sludge 17.1

Zn plating ETP sludge 17.1

Printing Printing only Printing ink residue 25.1

Plate making Developer residue 26.1

Fixer residue 26.2

Plate making &

printing

Developer residue 26.1

Fixer residue 26.2

B3

(Class B)

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.9

Industrial

sector

Service

station

Textile

(wet

processin

g)

Sub sector Waste streams Waste category

Sch. 1 Sch. 2

Printing accessories Ink residue 21.1

Cars, Jeeps etc. Oil containing sludge & 43.1

oil emulsion

Heavy vehicles Oil containing sludge & 43.1

oil emulsion

Scooters, auto etc. Oil containing sludge & 43.1

oil emulsion

Repairing of auto Oil containing sludge & 43.1

parts

oil emulsion

Bleaching & Dyeing of ETP sludge

22.2bis

cotton fabrics

including printing

Bleaching & Dyeing of

synthetic fabrics

including printing

Bleaching & dyeing of

cotton & synthetic

yarn

ETP sludge

Wood Timber processing Wood preservative

residue

Food Mineral water Heavy metal

containing residue

from used ion

exchange material in

the water purification

22.2bis

36.3

39.3

Recycling Ferrous Cupola oven dust 7.1

Flue gas cleaning

39.4

residue

Non ferrous

Heavy metal

10.1

containing oven debris

Flue gas cleaning

residue

39.4

2.3 EXISTING HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

The wastes generated from these approved industrial areas are reported to be

managed unscientifically due to non existence of any organised waste disposal

system. The hazardous wastes are being disposed off indiscriminately on open land

or low-lying areas or along with the municipal solid wastes, within or outside the

premises of units.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.10

2.4 QUANTITY & CATEGORY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM

INDUSTRIAL UNITS

The quantity of hazardous waste generated along with no. of hazardous waste

generating industries from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in NCT of Delhi are

given below.

• Total no. of hazardous waste generating industries out of : 2,613

total responding units (13,785 nos.)

• Total quantity of hazardous waste (kg per day) generated: 1,51,588

from these units :

• Total quantity of Sludge from Proposed CETPs : 57

As per NEERI's Report (m 3 per day)

Since no information is available about the hazardous waste generated from nonresponding/closed/shifted

units (7,836 nos.), the quantity of hazardous waste

generated from these units has been estimated to be 86,169 kg/day by statistically

extrapolating in the same proportion as established for responding units. Therefore,

the total quantity of hazardous waste is anticipated to be about 238 tonnes/day. The

pattern of hazardous waste generation in each industrial estate/area is shown in Fig

2.2.

IE wise HW generation pattern

50000

45000

29.2%

40000

HW generated (kg/day)

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

9.7%

8.7%

9.3%

8.4%

6.9%

4.2%

4.6% 5.4%

5000

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

IE Code

WZP RUN SSI OIA MP BADLI

TOTAL: 151584 Kg/d

Fig-2.2: Industrial Estate wise Hazardous Waste Pattern.

The quantity of waste oil generated from DG sets as source of stand by power

installed by industrial units in each industrial area/ estate, is reported to be about

1654 m 3 per year.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.11

2.6 PROPOSED DISPOSAL OPTIONS FOR DIFFERENT

CATEGORIES OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

The management of hazardous waste would require the following aspects

Collection and handling of hazardous wastes at Unit level

Temporary Storage Facility of hazardous waste at each Industrial

Estate/area.

Transportation of hazardous wastes from the individual unit to

Temporary Storage Facility and from Temporary Storage Facility to common

"treatment, storage & disposal facility" (TSDF)

Pre-treatment Facility of hazardous wastes at TSDF

Final Disposal at TSDF

The TSDF comprises of waste receiving facility, laboratory facility for

characterisation, temporary storage facility, pre-treatment unit (physicochemical

treatment) and secured landfill facility.

The distribution of total quantity of hazardous waste for Physico-chemical treatment,

Incineration, Recycle/reuse and disposal to Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) is shown

in Fig 2.3. The management plan for the various types of hazardous wastes

generated from major industrial estates/ areas is shown in Fig 2.4. From this it can

be observed that the maximum quantity of landfill disposable hazardous waste i.e.

about 32 % of total landfill disposable waste is generated from Wazirpur Industrial

area (1) followed by 11 % from SSI Industrial area (7). From other industrial areas

the quantity of landfill disposable waste varies from 3 to 7 % of total landfill

disposable waste. As the quantity of hazardous wastes to be disposed of in SLF is

as high as 90 % of total quantity of hazardous wastes generated, the distribution of

remaining 10 % hazardous wastes for Physico-chemical treatment, Incineration and

Recycle/reuse is shown in Fig 2.5.

Fig 2.3:

( 89.64 %)

136455

kg/d

Distribution of

Total Quantity of

Hazardous Waste

for PCT,

Incineration,

Recovery/Reuse

& SLF Disposal.

(4.49%) 6840

kg/d

(0.068 %)

104

kg/d

1877

kg/d

(1.23%)

6954

kg/d

(4.57%)

PCT (liquid)

Incineration

Recovery/ reuse

Recovery/ reuse (liquid)

SLF

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.12

Page

50000,0

HW

gen

era

ted

(kg/

d)

45000,0

40000,0

35000,0

30000,0

WZP

25000,0

20000,0

15000,0

10000,0

RUN

SSI

OIA

MP

Badli

Narela

5000,0

0,0

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28

PCT (liquid) 400,0 200,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2600,0 250,0 2850,0 6104,0 0,0 125,0 950,0 0,0

Incineration 28,4 29,8 1,4 0,5 3,4 0,9 366,5 0,1 45,9 527,3 36,9 5,2 25,6 17,9

Recovery/ reuse 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 7,1 0,0 7,6 51,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,1 0,0 7,6 61,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0

SLF 43901,3 5336,6 2554,6 13198,4 2584,4 14652,4 9785,7 6073,4 690,7 7443,0 10342,0 3066,2 5995,3 8111,4

IE Code

Fig 2.4 : Plan for major hazardous waste generating IA/Es

7000,00

6000,00

MP

Ha

z

W

ast

e

ge

ne

rat

ed

(k

g/

5000,00

4000,00

3000,00

2000,00

1000,00

OIA Naraina AP

0,00

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28

PCT (liquid) 400,00 200,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2600,00 250,00 2850,00 6104,00 0,00 125,00 950,00 0,00

Incineration 28,39 29,82 1,35 0,45 3,40 0,89 366,47 0,14 45,91 527,29 36,87 5,15 25,58 17,95

Recovery/ reuse 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,13 0,00 7,60 51,30 37,50 0,00 0,00 0,00

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 27,13 0,00 7,60 61,30 37,50 0,00 0,00 0,00

IE Code

Fig 2.5: Plan for major hazardous waste generating IE/As (Haz. Wastes excluding SLF

disposable wastes)

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.13

Based on the above scenario of hazardous waste genreation, the conceptualised

design of common secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous waste in NCT of

Delhi is given in Chapter 6.

The total quantity of hazardous wastes which is estimated to be 87,000 m 3 /annum

from all the 28 approved industrial estates/areas (including CETPs) shall be

disposed off in engineered landfill facility. The engineered landfill facility shall be

developed at the best-suited site among the pre-identified potential sites as per the

findings of rapid EIA studies.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.14

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Page

Chapter - 3

SITE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION CRITERIA

The site assessment requires the technical evaluation of various key factors, based on information on

distribution & flow paths of ground water, barriers like aquifers, aquicludes etc. and their hydraulic

properties. The sites have been evaluated for its suitability for developing secured landfill facility for

disposal of hazardous waste not only based on the data collected from secondary sources but also

based on the primary data generated by NPC.

3.2 CPCB CRITERIA FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS

("Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series:

HAZWAMS/17/2000-01).

3.2.1 Applicability

The criteria stated hereafter apply to owners and operators of facilities that dispose hazardous waste

in landfills. The term 'hazardous waste landfill' (HW Landfill) is used to designate a waste disposal

unit, designed and constructed with the objective of minimum impact to the environment. This term

encompasses other terms such as "secured landfill", "engineered landfill", "waste mounds", "waste

piles" etc.

3.2.2 Locational Criteria

As per the criteria given the hazardous waste landfill sites shall not be located within a certain

distance (as the case may be) from the following:

Lakes

Ponds

Rivers

Wetlands

Flood plains

Highways

Habitation

Critical habitat area

Water supply wells

Airports

Coastal zone

(a)

Lake or Pond:

No landfill shall normally be constructed within 200 m of any lake or pond. Because of concerns

regarding runoff of waste contaminated water, a surface water monitoring network with approval of

DPCC shall be established.

(b)

River:

No landfill shall be constructed within 100 m of a navigable river or stream.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.15

Page

No landfill shall be constructed within a 100-year flood plain. A landfill may be built within the flood

plains of secondary streams if an embankment is built along the stream side to avoid flooding of the

area. However, landfills must not be built within the flood plains of major rivers unless properly

designed protection embankments are constructed around the landfills.

(d)

Highway:

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of the "right-of-way" of any state or national highway.

(e)

Habitation:

A landfill site shall be at least 500 m from a notified habitate area. A zone of 500 m around a landfill

boundary should be declared a no-development buffer zone after the landfill location is finalized.

(f)

Public parks:

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of a public park.

(g)

Critical Habitat Area:

No landfill shall be constructed within critical habitat areas including reserved forest areas. A critical

habitat area is defined as the area in which one or more endangered species live. It is sometimes

difficult to identify a critical habitat area. If there is any doubt then the DPCC shall be consulted for

clarification.

(h)

Wetlands:

No landfill shall be constructed within wetlands. It is often difficult to identify a wetland area. Maps

may be available for some wetlands, but in many cases such maps are absent or are incorrect. If

there is any doubt, then the DPCC shall be consulted for clarification.

(i)

Airports:

No landfill shall be constructed within a zone around Airports as notified by the regulatory authority or

the aviation authority.

(J)

Water Supply Well:

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of any water supply well.

(j)

Coastal Regulation Zone:

No landfill shall be sited in a coastal regulation zone.

(k)

Ground water table:

No landfill shall be located in areas where the ground water table will be less than 2 m below the base

of the landfill.

3.2.3 Site Selection

Hazardous waste landfills should preferably be located in areas of low population density, low

alternative land use value, low ground water contamination potential and at sites having high clay

content in the subsoil.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.16

A HW landfill will be selected following the guidelines published by MOEF. The step by step

procedure will be as follows:

(i)

(ii)

Earmarking a 'search area' taking 'into account the location of the waste generation units and a

'search radius' (typically 5 to 250 km). The search area will be so chosen that it minimises the

number of HW landfills in any region or state.

Identification of a list of potential sites on the basis of:

(a)

(b)

availability of land

collection of preliminary data

(iii)

Collection of preliminary data as follows:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Topographic Maps: A topographic map will help find sites that are not on natural surface

water drains or flood plains. Topographical maps may be procured from Survey of India.

Soil Maps: These maps, primarily meant for agricultural use, will show the types of soil

near the surface. They are of limited use as they do not show types of soil a few meter

below the surface. They may be procured from Indian Agricultural Research Institute.

Land Use Plans: These plans are useful in delineating areas with definite zoning

restrictions. There may be restrictions on the use of agricultural land or on the use of

forest land for landfill purposes. Such maps are available with the Town Planning

Authority or the Municipality.

Transportation Maps: These maps, which indicate roads and railways and locations of

airports, are used to determine the transportation needs in developing a site.

Water Use Plans: Such maps are usually not readily available. A plan indicating the

following items should be developed: private and public tubewells indicating the capacity

of each well, major and minor drinking water supply line(s), water intake wells located on

surface water bodies, and open wells.

Flood Plain Maps: These maps are used to delineate areas that are within a 100 year

flood plain. Landfill siting must be avoided within the flood plains of major rivers.

Geologic Maps: These maps will indicate geologic features and bedrock levels. A

general idea about soil type can be developed from a geological map. Such maps can

be procured from Geological Survey of India. ,

Aerial Photographs / Satellite Imagery: Aerial photographs or satellite imageries may

not exist for the entire search area. However such information may prove to be

extremely helpful. Surface features such as small lakes, intermittent stream beds and

current land use, which may not have been identified in earlier map searches, can be

easily identified using aerial photographs.

Ground Water Maps: Ground water contour maps are available in various regions which

indicate the depth to ground water below the land surface as well as regional ground

water flow patterns. Such maps should be collected from Ground water Boards or Minor

Irrigation Tubewell Corporations,

(j) Rainfall Data The monthly rainfall data for the region should be collected from the Indian

Meteorological Department.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.17

(k) Wind Map The predominant wind direction and velocities should be collected from the

Indian Meteorological Department.

(l)

(m)

Seismic Data - The seismic activity of a region is an important input in the design of

landfills. Seismic coefficients are earmarked for various seismic zones and these can be

obtained from the relevant BIS code or from the Indian Meteorological Department.

Site Walk Over and Establishment of Ground Truths: A site reconnaissance will be

conducted by a site walk-over as a part of the preliminary data collection. All features

observed in various maps will be confirmed. Additional information pertaining to the

following will be ascertained from nearby inhabitants (a) flooding during monsoons-, (b)

soil type- (c) depth to G.W. table (as observed in open wells or tube wells)- (d) quality of

groundwater and (e) depth to bedrock.

(n) Preliminary Boreholes and Geophysical Investigation: At each site, as a part of

preliminary data collection, one to two boreholes will be drilled and samples collected at

every 1.5m interval to a depth of 20m below the ground surface. The following

information will be obtained: (i) soil type and stratification; (ii) permeability of each strata,

(iii') strength and compressibility parameters (optional)-, (iv) ground water level and

quality and (v) depth to bedrock. In addition to preliminary boreholes, geophysical

investigations (electrical resistivity/ seismic refraction/others) may be undertaken to

assess the quality of bedrock at different sites.

(iv)

Selection of two best ranked sites from amongst the list of potential sites on the basis of the

ranking system stipulated by MOEF (1991).

(v) Environmental Impact Assessment for the two sites for the following parameters -

(a) ground water quality; (b) surface water quality, (c) air quality - gases, dust, litter, odour-I

(d) land use alteration (e) drainage alteration- (f) soil erosion, (g) ecological impacts (h) noise-

, (i) aesthetics - visual, vermin, flies, traffic alteration-, and (k) others.

(vi)

(vii)

Assessment of public perception for the two sites.

Selection of final site.

(viii)

The above site selection procedure shall not be applicable for location of

facility within industrial areas of State Industrial Development Agencies.

However EIA requirement will apply.

3.2.4 Site Investigation Criteria

The data collected during the site selection is not sufficient for landfill design. To be able to

undertake detailed design of a landfill at a selected site, it is essential to characterize landfill

site and evaluate the parameters required for design. It is necessary that all data listed in section

3.2.3 (iii) on "preliminary data" be collected for site characterisation. If some data has not been

collected, the same should be obtained before site investigations are undertaken for site

characterisation.

As stated above, the site investigation criteria is applicable only during detailed engineering design of

secured landfill facility, therefore, it has not been considered for EIA studies.

MOEF GUIDELINES FOR SITING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES

(Volume II, Guidelines for Siting of Hazardous Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities and

Identification and Assessment of Abandoned Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites, 1991).

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.18

The siting of hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (HWTDF) requires the synthesis of two

distinct selection procedures, viz., a technical screening process based upon economic, engineering

and environmental suitability and a public approval process.

3.3.1 Considerations in Siting of Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility

A general list of various factors to be considered for siting of hazardous waste facilities is given below:

Physical Features

Topography

Land stability

Seismic stability

Surface soils

Surface water and streams

Subsurface geology and aquifers

Wind direction

Ecological Features

• Flora and Fauna

• Conservation value

• Habitat

Land Use feature

Development potential

Land use designation

(residential/industrial)

Agricultural value

Transportation corridor

Extractive industry/ mining

Logistics

• Proximity to users

• Transport access

• Availability of utilities and services (hospitals,

fire services etc.)

• Adjacent land use/zoning

Human Values

• Landscape

• Recreation

• Historical and archaeological

• Population density and health status

• Employment opportunities

3.3.2 MOEF Stipulations for Siting of Industries

In addition to the above factors, MOEF Stipulations for Siting of Industries should also be taken

into consideration while siting of HWTDF. These stipulations are given below:

• Ecologically and/ or otherwise sensitive areas: at least 25-km. The requisite distance may be

increased depending on the geo-climatic conditions.

• Coastal Areas: at least 1/2 km from high tide line.

• Flood Plains of the Riverine Systems: at least 1/2 km from flood plain or modified flood plain

affected by dam in the up stream or by flood control systems.

• Transport/ communication systems: at least 1/2 km from highway and railway.

• Major Settlements (3,00,000 population): distance from settlements is difficult to maintain

because of urban sprawl. At the time of siting of the industry if any notified limit of any major

settlement is within 50-km, the spatial direction of growth of the settlement for at least a decade

must be assessed and the industry shall be sited at least 25-km from the projected growth

boundary of the settlement.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.19

3.3.3 Exclusionary Factors

Page

Certain factors termed as "Exclusionary Factors" should be imposed along with MOEF Stipulations

for Siting of Industries to eliminate environmentally unsuitable sites from further analysis. These

Exclusionary Factors are given below:

• Seismic risk zones

• National parks/ wildlife sanctuaries

• Surface and subsurface mining areas

• Coastal floor hazard areas

• Coastal wet lands

• Watersheds for public water supply

• Critical recharge areas and sole source aquifers

• Area of high well yield

3.3.4 Ranking of Site Alternatives

The ranking of candidate sites is to be carried out based on detailed environmental, social and

community impacts. The methodology for ranking of site alternatives comprises following steps:

Select attributes for evaluation of site alternatives.

Apportion a total score of 1000 between the assessment attributes based on their importance

through ranked pair-wise comparison technique.

Develop Site Sensitivity Index (SSI) using Delphi Technique.

Estimate Score for each attribute for various candidate site alternatives using SSIs.

Add the score for individual site alternatives, to rank the alternatives based on total score.

The attributes are listed in table-3.1 and the weightages are given in table-3.2.

The site with the least score is less sensitive i.e., there will not be significant impacts on

environmental quality due to locating hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities and hence,

the most acceptable.

Table-3.1: Site Sensitivity Indices for Selected Attributes

Attribute

SENSITIVITY INDEX

0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0

Receptor Related

Population within 500

meters

0 to 100 100 to 250 250 to 1000 Greater than

1000

Distance to nearest

drinking water well

Greater than

5000 meters

2500 to 5000

Meters

1000 to 2500

meters

Less than

1000 Meters

Use of site by nearby Not used Occasional Moderate Regular

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.20

Attribute

SENSITIVITY INDEX

0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0

residents

Distance to nearest off Greater than 1500 to 3000 500 to 1500 Less than 500

site building

3000 meters meters meters meters

Presence of major Airport Footpath Road Rail

transportation route

Land use/zoning Completely Agricultural Commercial Residential

remote (zoning

or industrial

not applicable)

Critical environments

Not a critical

environment

Pristine natural

area

Pathway Related

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Wetland,

flood, plains

and

preserved

areas

Major habitat

of endangered

or threatened

specks

Distance to nearest Greater than 1500 to 8000 500 to 1500 Less than 500

surface water

8000 meters meters meters meters

Depth to ground water Greater than 15 to 30 5 to 15 Less than 5

30 meters meters meters meters

Type of contamination No

contamination

Soil

contamination

only

Biota

contamination

Air, water on

food

contamination

Precipitation

effectiveness index *

Less than 31 31 to 63 63 to 127 Greater than

127

Soil permeability Greater than 30% to 50% 15% to 30% 0% to 15 %

50% clay clay

Bedrock permeability Impermeable Relatively

impermeable

Relatively

permeable

Very

permeable

Depth to bedrock Greater than

20 meters

10 to 20

meters

3 to 10

meters

Less than 3

meters

Susceptibility to Not

Potential Moderate Severe

erosion & run-off susceptible

Climatic features with No problem Moderate High Severe

respect to Air pollution

Susceptibility to Non existing Potential Moderate High

seismic activity

Waste Characteristics Related

Toxicity

Sax's level

0

Sax's level

1

Sax's level

2

Sax's level

3

Radioactivity

At or less than 1 to 3 times 3 to 5 times Over 5 times

background

level

background

level

background

level

background

level

Persistence

Easily

biodegradable

compound

Ignitability Flash point

greater than 95

Straight chain

hydrocarbons

Flash point of

60 to 95 O C

Substituted

and other ring

compounds

Flash point of

25 to 60 O C

poly-

Metals,

cyclic

compounds

and

halogenated

hydrocarbons

Flash point

less than 25

No.21

Attribute

SENSITIVITY INDEX

0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0

O C

Reactivity Stable and Unstable and Reacts Explosive and

reacts slowly reacts violently violently and generates toxic

forms gases when

explosive mixed with

mixture with water

water

Corrosivity pH of 6 to 8 pH of 5 to 6 pH of 3 to 5 pH of 1 to 3

or 8 to 9 or 9 to 11 or 11 to 14

Solubility Insoluble Slightly soluble Soluble Very soluble

Volatility

Vapour Vapour Vapour of 25 Vapour

pressure less pressure of 0.1 to 78 mm Hg pressure

than 0.1 mm to 25 mm Hg

greater than 78

Hg

mm Hg

Waste Management Practice Related

Physical state Solid Sludge Liquid Gas

Hazardous waste Upto 250 250 to 1000 1000 to 2000 Greater than

quantity / annum tonnes tonnes tonnes 2000 tonnes

Waste Incompatibility May be Heat & nontoxic

Explosion & Toxic gas

hazardous but

gas fire

generation

unknown generation

Co-disposal with Easily

Partially Slightly Non-

Municipal wastes degradable degradable degradable degradable

Use of liners

Clay or other Synthetic or Asphalt base No liner used

liner resistant concrete liner

to organic

compounds

Incineration with offgas

Complete off-

Particulate Only

No off-gas

cleaning

gas clean up removal and particulate cleaning

system gas cleaning removal

Leachate Treatment Complete Collection and Collection and No collection

collection and physicochemical

biological

treatment

Security guard

but no fence

Site Security Secure fence

Remote No barriers

with lock

location or

breachable

fence

Safety measures Adequate Moderate Inadequate None

* Precipitation effectiveness index is the sum of the 12 monthly rates of P/E, where, P is total

monthly precipitation and E is total monthly evaporation. The value of the index is used to

classify the regions Wet (>128), Humid (63 - 127), Sub-humid (31 - 63), Semi Arid (16 - 31)

and Arid (

No.22

Attribute

Attribute Sensitivity Weightage

Measurement Index

Population within 500

80

meters

Distance to nearest drinking

60

water well

Use of site by nearby

50

residents

Distance to nearest off site

40

building

Presence of major

30

transportation route

Land use/zoning 30

Critical environments 30

Subtotal 320

Pathway Related

Distance to nearest surface

55

water

Depth to ground water 45

Type of contamination 45

Precipitation effectiveness

25

index *

Soil permeability 25

Bedrock permeability 20

Depth to bedrock 20

Susceptibility to erosion &

15

run-off

Climatic features with

15

respect to Air pollution

Susceptibility to seismic

15

activity

Subtotal 280

Waste Characteristics Related

Toxicity 50

Radioactivity 30

Persistence 30

Ignitability 20

Reactivity 20

Corrosivity 20

Solubility 20

Volatility 15

Physical state 15

Subtotal 220

Page

Attribute

Score

Waste Management Practice Related

Hazardous waste quantity/

45

annum

Waste Incompatibility 30

Co-disposal with Municipal

25

wastes

Use of liners 20

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.23

Attribute

Attribute Sensitivity Weightage

Measurement Index

Incineration with off-gas

20

cleaning

Leachate Treatment 20

Site Security 10

Safety measures 10

Subtotal 180

Total 1000

Page

Attribute

Score

3.4 SITE ASSESSMENT & SELECTION CRITERIA FOLLOWED IN

OTHER COUNTRIES

A stepwise site assessment & selection criteria has been evolved based on the procedures &

practices followed in other developed countries and divided into following two phases.

Phase - I:

Phase - II:

"Rejection or Knock out Criteria"

"Site Identification, Investigation and Evaluation Criteria"

Phase-I:

Rejection or Knock out Criteria

These criteria have been developed to reject the sites based on certain parameters such as

characteristics of land, geology, hydro-geology, ground water conditions and ecological

considerations etc. These criteria have been adapted from Guidelines developed for Management of

Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites in Germany (1) and modified to suit Indian conditions. The criteria for

rejection or knock out of the unsuitable sites are given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Rejection or Knock out Criteria

Location of Site:

Village

District

Sl. Criteria

No.

1 Existing or planned drinking water protection and catchment areas

2 Flood prone areas (once in 100 years)

3 Areas with unstable ground

4 Closer than 300 meter to populated areas

5 National Parks, Monuments, Forests with large no. of flora and

fauna, Historical, Religious & other important cultural places

6 Close to airport (as per the regulatory requirement)

Remarks:

Answer

(Y/N)

Comments

Remarks

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.24

(1. Guidelines for "An Appropriate Management of Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites" by H.

Oeltzschner and D. Mutz, Publication: Deutche Gesellschaft fur Tecnische

Zusanmmenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH., 1994.)

Phase - II:

Site Identification, Investigation and Evaluation Criteria

After the sites pass the examination for the above criteria, they are included in the detail investigation

and are further evaluated as per "Site Evaluation Criteria" (Table 3.4). The sites have to be

investigated for geological, hydro-geological, ecological and civil engineering point of view. These

criteria have been adapted and modified to suit the Indian Environmental conditions, from the Criteria

developed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) (2) .

The following key factors have to be considered for investigating the sites.

• General Data e.g. volume, traffic links and distance from main waste source ;

• Geology and Hydro-geology ;

• Meteorological aspects;

• Nature protection and land use.

(2). "Landfill of Hazardous Industrial Wastes-A Training Manual", Technical Report No. 17,

UNEP, March 1994.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

No.25

Page

Table - 3.4:

Sl. Criteria

No.

Site Evaluation Criteria

Relative value (A)

5 4 3 2 1

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad

1.0 General Information 25

1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7

1.2 Slope percent -I

1.5 1.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-

0.5

15

1.3 Topography Convex Concav 3

e

1.4 Optimum wind direction (down >1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2- 1000 1000-

500

500-200 200-

50

2.1.2 Annual Rainfall (cm/yr.) 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 3.0-1.0 1.0- 15 15-10 10-5 5-1

Page No.27

Chapter - 4

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

NCT - Delhi lies on the banks of the river Yamuna, spread over an area of 14,983

sq. Km between the latitude of 28 o 24'17" and 28 o 28'52" North, and the longitudes of

76 o 50'24" and 77 o 20'37" East. It is surrounded by Uttar Pradesh in the east and

Haryana to the North, South and West. The NCT - Delhi has been divided into six

administrative blocks.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

City block

Alipur block

Kanjhawala block

Shahdara block

Mehrauli block

Najafgarh block

The location of these blocks is shown in Fig 4.1.

4.2 SITES DESCRIPTION

Three sites were identified by DOE, Govt. of NCT - Delhi as potential Hazardous

Waste landfill site. Subsequently, preliminary visits to these sites were made along

with the officials of DOE, DSIDC, and MCD. The site visit reports are enclosed at

Annex II. The location of these sites is shown in Fig. 4.1.

Rapid EIA studies of these sites limited to one season only has been carried out to

evaluate the sites from technical and environmental angle. In addition, there is one

more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by DOE, Govt. of NCT-Delhi

during 1996-97. The EIA studies for the same had been conducted by NPC in 1997.

As per the requirement of DOE the findings of the EIA Studies (1997), have also

been incorporated in this report for evaluation of site. The descriptions of the

identified sites are given below.

Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site

Location on toposheet:: This site is located on Survey of India toposheet no. 53

H/1 in A3 Central grid (1:50,000 scale). The 5 km radius study area is located

between 77 o 1'47" and 77 o 7'56" N Latitude and 28 o 45'54" and 28 o 51'22" E longitude.

Physical location: The photo plate 1, 2, 3 exhibits location of the site and also

depicts dominant human activities around it. This site is located between the Ghoga

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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drain and Bawana escape, behind the rice mill. Construction of a 60 m wide road is

seen under progress. A Power Line, Rice mill and a bridge under construction are

the good reference points. Narela and Bawana townships lie on the periphery of 5

km radius study area. Along the Bawana escape some marsh waste is visible.

Acessibility: It is approachable from Delhi by taking Delhi - Bawana - Narela road

and from there an offshoot from Narela Check Post to village Sanoth.

Major Settlements around the site: Some of the important villages of the study

areas are : Ghoga, Sanoth, Kureni, Bhorgarh, Holambi Kalan and Khurd, Khera

Khurd, Raout Nagar, Shahpur Garhi, Burwala, Puth Khurd, Gangabari, etc. The

Northern Railway main line passes through the eastern part of the study area with

Narela and Khera Kalan Railway Stations. Fig 4.2 shows the major roads and

settlements around the site.

Area : Site covers a area of about 6 ha (15 acres)

The location of the site is shown on Fig. 4.3.

IMPORTANT FEATURES

Some of the important features of the site are :

• The site has flat topography.

• A 440 KV high-tension line passes through the site.

• No permanent population within 500 meters.

• Source of drinking water is beyond 2500 meters.

• Site is presently not being used

• Nearest off site rice mill is beyond 1000 meters.

• Agriculture is a dominant land use and would be followed by industrial.

• Wet lands around Bawana escape are beyond 1 km.

• There is no major surface water body except the narrow Ghoga drain (which

was dry during the period of study) and Bawana escape within 300 meter.

However, Western Yamuna Canal is at about 2 km from site.

• This site falls under the following survey numbers: 40/13, 23, 3, 8, 45/13

• The proposed site doesn't fall under any notified forest as per the observation

of the Office of Deputy Conservator of Forest (DCF). The ownership of the

site is with Commissioner of Industries, Govt. of NCT of Delhi.

• As per ASI, there is no historical or archaeological significance with in 10 Km

radius from the proposed site.

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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As per the requirement of ASI, no construction work is permissible within

300m distance from the boundary of the monument of national importance.

Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India Toposheet No. 53

H/2/NE and lie in B2 North West Grid (1:25000 Scale), and lies between 77 o 7'36" and

77 o 13'46"N Latitude and 28 o 39'29" and 28 o 44'53"E longitude.

Physical location: It is located to the south of Azadpur Railway Station and lie

adjacent to the Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP). The site lies near the

intersection of Northern and Azadpur railway line. Figure 4.4 depicts the layout of the

site. Photoplate 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 shows proposed site at Wazirpur.

Acessibility: Fig. 4.5 shows the major roads and settlements around the site. It is

bounded by river Yamuna in east and National Highway 1 and 2 on the northeastern

side.

Settlements around the site: Broadly, Jharoda Majra Burari in the North; Rani Bagh

and Shalimar Bagh in the North-West; Nehru Nagar, Anand Parbat, Sarai Rohila in

the south and part of northern ridge forest, Kamala Nagar, Timarpur, Dr. Mukherjee

Nagar in the east are some of the important residential areas around the site.

Area: The total area of the site is 12747 sq. m.

IMPORTANT FEATURES

Some of the important features of the site are:

• The site at present is a wasteland.

• The Northern Railway main line network connecting Agra-Delhi-Ambala,

Nizamuddin section, as well as to Rohtak pass by adjacent to the site (around 1

km away from the site). Another railway line passes by the site with a junction

near the Azadpur Railway station.

• An open ground in the east, Ashok Vihar residential area is about 750 to 1000

meters in the South, Wazirpur industrial area in the west and J.J. cluster in northwest

of the site

• There is no drinking water well within 1 Km radius from the site. The drinking

water is supplied by the municipality in the residential areas.

• Nearest road is beyond 0.75 to 1 km. distance.

• Distance to nearest stagnant pool is beyond 750 m; however, a small creek of

this pool lie 250m near the site.

• Depth to ground water is reported to be beyond 10 meters.

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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Proposed Site near Wazirpur CETP

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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• There is no historical or archaeological monument or recreational parks within I

Km distance from the site.

Site - III: Village Guman Hera

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India Toposheet No.

53D/14 and 15 in C3 Grid and lie in extreme southwest corner. The 5 km radius study

area lie between 76 0 52' 39" and 76 0 58' 55" N Latitude and 28 0 28' 39" and 28 0 34'

39" E Longitude.

Physical location: The site lies adjacent to a Gooshalla run by Maharaj Guru Chaya.

It is around 7 km from Guman Hera crossing. Fig. 4.6 shows the location and physiocultural

details of the site, etc.

Accessibility: It is approachable from Delhi. There are two main access roads, one

from village Sikarpur and other from Najafgarh. It is approx. 11 Km from Khera Morh,

Najafgarh. Fig 4.7 shows the major roads and settlements around the site.

Major Settlements around the site: The site encompasses Jatikra village in the

east, Mankraula in the south beyond Drain No. 8 (Najafgarh drain), Galibpur in the

west and Daryapur Khurd in the north. Besides these, 10 more villages are scattered

within the study area. They are namely: Malakpur Zer, Najafgarh, Sarangpur, Jhuljhili,

Raota, Deorala, Khar Khari Raund, Hasanpur, Aslatpur, Daulatpur, Sikarpur etc.

Area: The total area of the proposed site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres).

The photo plate 9, 10 depicts the immediate vicinity of the site.

IMPORTANT FEATURES

Some of the major site sensitivity attributes are :

• The site lie in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation,

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools.

• The land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT -

Delhi.

• No human population is within 1 km. A Gaushala (Cow shed) is adjacent to the

site however, no regular use by inhabitants.

• One tube well is existing just closed to the site. The water is being used for

irrigation of the nearby area.

• Nearest building is that of a school which is 1 km away.

• A foot path connect the road from the proposed site to Guman Hera village

• It is located in wastelands within a dominantly agricultural land use

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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• There are no historical or archaeological monuments within 5 Km distance from

the site. The nearest monument is Palam Mosque which is about 5 Km away

from the site.

• This site falls under the following survey numbers: 80/1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10,

11/1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 82/1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20,

21, 22/1, 23/2, 88/2/1, 3/1, 4m, 5, 6/1, 6/2, 7, 10/1/2, 14, 15/1/1, 15/2, 17, 18/2,

22/2, 23/2, 24, 25, 89/2, 3, 4, 5/1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12/1, 13/1, 20/1, 1, 20/2,

90/1/1, 2, 3, 4/1, 4/4, 5/3, 6/1, 7/1/1, 91/1/1, 3/2, 4, 7/1, 10/2/2, 73/10, 11, 12,

13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 74/12 to 18, 83/1 to 3, 7 to 13, 10, 18, 19, 20, 24,

84/1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to20, 22, 23, 25, 85/1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 to 23,

25, 86/4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 77/2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26/2,

3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14.

4.1.4 Site - IV: Old site (MCD owned) on Bawana - Narela road

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India toposheet no. 53 H/1

in A3 Central grid (1:50,000 scale).

Physical Location: This site is situated at a distance of 5 Km from Bawana village

on the right side of Bawana - Narela road. Fig 4.8 shows location of the site.

Accessibility: The mud road ( approx. 500 m through agricultural fields) to the site

begins just opposite to a CRPF campus (which is on the left side of the Bawana -

Narela road). This site is 16 Km away from Samai Pur (Badli) towards north.

Area: The total area of the site is about 150 acres (60 Hectares).

IMPORTANT FEATURES

Some of the Salient features are given below:

♦

The site is at present owned by MCD.

The sweet drinking water is available at 2m bgl. Also, the site falls within the

groundwater recharge zone of western Yamuna canal.

The top soil (silty sand) appears to be infertile displaying visible specks of saline

salts on the surface.

Except for some dispersed shrubs and bushes the whole area is barren and

almost flat. The site is a waste land as plantations put up earlier by the Forest

department have proved unsuccessful.

Over the extreme boundary of the site, a high tension power line passes.

On the left side of the mud approach road, there exists an illegal deskinning

area (approx. 1 acre) for fallen animals.

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

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Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY

Page No.46

4.2.1 General

Physiographically, the NCT - Delhi has two distinct natural features such as "the

ridge", which is the rocky outcrop of Aravalli Hills and the "River Yamuna", which

flows in eastern side of Delhi and flows in southern direction. Further, the distinct

physiographic units of NCT - Delhi are as follows:

• Old flood plain (old Khadar) and Recent flood plain (new Khadar) of Yamuna

River

• Upper Alluvial plain (Bangar)

• the quartzite ridge (Kohi)

• the nearly closed alluvial basin of chattarpur in South Delhi

The proposed sites fall in different physiographic regions as shown in Fig 4.9.

Site I: Bawana Relocational Industrial Complex:

The site falls at the borderline of upper alluvial (Bangar region) and old flood plain

(old Khadar). This region is more elevated and drier compared to the flood plains

namely old and new Khadar region. This region is not vulnerable to flood. This region

comprises of unconsolidated, wind-modified, fluvial deposits with nodular concretions

of calcium carbonate occuring at places.

The proposed site is mostly flat slightly sloping towards north-west (slope % varying

between 0.75 to 1.0). The altitude of the plain varies between 215 and 213 m above

mean sea level (msl) 1 . The road and nala ramification around it make a relatively low

lying area.

Site - II: Wazirpur CETP Site

The proposed site falls in the Bangar region. This area also falls under the city block

of NCT- Delhi. The landscape of this site is almost flat. There are some dying Jamun

trees with in the site.

Site - III: Village Guman Hera

The proposed site falls in Dabar region. The Dabar region is a basin area between

ridge and the Bangar. This area encounters some patches of piedmonts and

pediments. The site is salt affected dry land. It has a flat topography.

Site - IV: Old site on Bawana - Narela road

The proposed site falls in the Bangar region. The elevation of the land around this

site within 5 Km radius is about 215m above m.s.l. The site is slightly elevated than

the surrounding area with an average slope

Page No.47

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.48

4.3 HYDROLOGY & HYDRO-GEOLOGY

4.3.1 Surface Water & Drainage System

The major portion of NCT- Delhi is being drained by Najafgarh drain leading to

Yamuna River. Other than Najafgarh drain there are about sixteen more drains

joining river Yamuna in NCT - Delhi. These drains mainly carry the urban sewage

and industrial effluents. Fig 4.10 depicts the drainage system in NCT - Delhi.

The relief and soil conditions cause localised stagnation during rainy season. During

high rains and high floods in Yamuna River, the drainage system becomes

ineffective as the outlets of rainwater blocked.

Drainage system around the proposed sites

Site I: Site I i.e Bawana industry relocation site is drained by Bawana escape &

Ghoga drain. These drains meet Daryapur drain which finally flows into river

Yamuna. Fig 4.11 depicts the drainage system around the Bawana relocation

industrial site.

Site II: Site II i.e Wazirpur CETP site lies within the city block which is having

sewerage system. Fig 4.12 depicts the drainage system around the Wazirpur CETP

site. Najafgarh drain No. 8 flows south of the site around 3 - 4 km away. Another

Supplementary drain flows north of the site around 4 - 5 km away.

Site III: Fig 4.13 depicts the drainage system around the proposed site near village

Guman Hera. Site III located near village Guma Hera is drained mostly by Najafgarh

drain No. 8. Najafgarh drain flows adjacent to the proposed site.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.49

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.50

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.51

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.52

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.3.2 Quality of Surface Water

Page No.53

Surface Water Quality in the study area (Secondary data)

In the study area, there are two major drains joining river Yamuna falls, namely,

Supplementary (Burari drain) and Najafgarh drain. The water quality of these drains

before joining river Yamuna is given below in table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Surface Water Quality of Major Surface Drains in the Study Area

S.

No

Name of drain PH TSS, mg/l COD,

mg/l

BOD 5 ,

mg/l

1. Supplementary (Burari 7.1 - 7.79 72 - 142 54 - 91 23 - 27

drain)

2. Najafgarh 6.95 - 7.62 132 - 221 117 - 228 56 - 58

3. Effluent standards for 5.5 -9.0 100 250 30

discharge to surface

water body *

* Both these drains carry industrial as well as domestic wastewater (drained

from various parts of NCT - Delhi). Therefore they are compared with the effluent

standards.

Source: Report on "Status of Ground Water Quality and Pollution Aspects in NCT- Delhi", by

CGWB, Chandigarh and CPCB, Delhi, January 2000.

From table 4.1, it is observed that TSS and BOD 5 values of Najafgarh drain exceed

the discharge standards (to inland surface water). The high COD and BOD 5 value

indicates organic pollution and low oxygen content in Najafgarh drain.

Surface Water Quality Monitoring (Primary data)

To assess the present surface water quality of all the surface bodies including the

above mentioned drains flowing within the 5 Km radius of the proposed sites, NPC

team has taken grab samples. The samples were analyzed in NPC Laboratory. The

samples drawn from the various water bodies were analysed for relevant parameters

in the NPC laboratory. The locations of surface water sampling points around site I, II

and III have been shown on figure 4.14 through figure 4.16. The analytical results

of the samples are given in the Table-4.2, Table-4.3 & Table-4.4

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.54

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.55

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.56

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.57

Table-4.2: Surface Water Quality around 5 Km Radius from Site I (Bawana)

Sl. Location PH COD BOD TDS TSS Hardne Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr F -

No.

ss

(T)

1 Bawana Distributory, 7.7 86 24 614 72 204 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND 3.11

Narela - Bawana road

2 Western Yamuna Canal, 8.3 17

Page No.58

The surface water quality has been defined for five designated best uses by Ministry

of Environment & Forest under 'The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986' (Refer

Annex III). The above mentioned surface water qualities (around the proposed sites)

have been compared with the standards. The summary of which is given below:

Site I & Site IV:

The quality of surface water bodies were compared with the standards of surface

water quality (Class SW-II, Refer Annex III). Except for Bawana distributory all

comply with the standard of BOD of 3 ppm .

The proposed site I & IV falls in the ground water recharge zone of Western Yamuna

canal. Around the proposed site I, the surface water quality results does not indicate

any organic or inorganic pollution at present as can be seen from table 4.2. These

surface water bodies play an important role in ground water flow and quality as they

fall within the groundwater recharge zone.

Site II

The only canal flowing within 5 Km radius from the proposed site is Delhi distributory

(Western Yamuna canal) which shows no organic or inorganic pollution. The others

include Bhalswa lake which is used for recreational purpose complies with the

standards for Class SW-III (refer Annex III). The drains viz, Najafgarh and

supplementary drain indicates presence of organic pollution.

Site III

It is seen from the table 4.4 that organic load in terms of BOD in Najafgarh drain is

increasing from the site at Ghumman Hera to village Jhatikara and the same has

reduced at Wazirpur.

High Fluoride content found at several locations. The reason for high flouride content

is due to the minerals found in NCT - Delhi.

Impact of major drains falling in the river Yamuna on the river water quality

The reason for deterioration of water quality of river Yamuna is largely due to the

discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater through 16 drains meeting Yamuna

at different locations. The river is blocked at Wazirabad for maintaining water level

and to abstract raw water for water supply. Thus during lean period, the flow is

mainly the flow from the drains.

4.3.3 Hydro-geological Situation at Proposed Sites

(Source: Comments received from CGWB on Proposed sites)

Around Site I (Bawana Industry relocation site and its surrounding)

The area is covered by a thin layer of newer alluvium Yamuna sand that is in-turn

underlain by older alluvium. The area falls at the borderline where newer alluvium

merges with older alluvium. Thickness of alluvium is approximately 300m. Newer

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.59

alluvial deposits are grey coloured sands containing minor proportions of fines i.e. silt

and clay. These deposits are generally characterised by the absence of kankar.

Newer alluvium at some places consists of coarse gravel which is irregular and

poorly sorted in nature. The older alluvium consists of inter-bedded, lenticular and

inter fingering deposits of clay, silt and sand ranging in size from very fine to medium

textured. Kankar which is generally hard, compact and irregular occurs mixed with

almost all these deposits. Older alluvium is predominantly clayey in nature.

Sub-surface Geology

There are possibilities of fresh groundwater aquifers in this area as per Central

Ground Water Board's findings. Sand, medium to coarse grained, admixed with

varying proportions of Kankar horizons dominates at shallow depths in and act as

moderately potential aquifer zones. These sand horizons of varying thickness from 3

to 15 m are predominant upto a depth of about 70 to 75 m at Bawana, 112 m at

sanoth and up to 88 m in Barwala. Thin clay layers of about 5 to 10 m thick separate

these sand bodies. At Putkhurd the sand horizons of 5 to 10 m thick are separated

by clay layers of about 3 to 15 m thick. At Holambi kalan the sand bodies of about 5

to 20 m thick up to a depth of 86 m are separated by clay layer of about 5 to 7 m

thick. The clay horizons are invariably present after 80 to 112 m and seems to

persists to considerable depth. The sub-surface geology across the section of

Sanoth to Khera Kalan shows that newer alluvium is present in southern part with

depth ranging up to 20 m at Khera Kalan. At Sanoth, the older alluvium consisting of

silty sand mixed with kankar is present up to a depth of 84 m and at Khersa kalan it

is up to a depth of 70 m. Below this horizon, alluvium is predominantly clayey mixed

with kankar and minor silt is present. Five to six intercalations of silty sand mixed

with kankar horizons are present as lenses within the clayey horizons. Thickness of

these lenses is 5-7 m.

Around Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

Wazirpur Industrial area is occupied by Quaternary Alluvium underlain by the Alwar

Quartzites of Delhi System. Thickness of alluvium is more than 300 m in this part of

Delhi. Alluvium consists of predominantly silt and kankar mixed with minor amounts

of clay. Silt mixed with kankar that acts as very good aquifer system in the area

usually extends in-between the depth of 25 to 30 m. Good aquifer system extending

from 40 to 50 m depth consists of predominantly kankar with minor silt is present in

the area.

Around Site III: Guman Hera CETP site

The area is underlain by older alluvium mainly consists of unconsolidated, inter

bedded sand, clay and silt mixed with varying proportions of gravel and kankar. The

top horizon is predominantly sandy silt mixed with kankar extends down to a depth of

30m. This layer is followed by predominantly clay layer at deeper levels. Thin

granular zones consisting of silt and kankar are also present with in the clay layer

extending from 30 to 50 m depth. Thickness of these granular zones are increasing

towards Najafgarh drain. Ground water occurs as unconfined condition in sandy silt

horizon which are potential aquifers in the area.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.3.4 Groundwater Availability

Page No.60

The groundwater potential in NCT-Delhi depends upon its geological and

geomorphological settings. The rocky ridge serves as the watershed. The

groundwater occurs in weathered and fractured/jointed parts of these rocks. In the

weathered parts, shallow aquifers occur, whereas deep aquifers occur in joints and

fractures. Further, the groundwater is found in unconfined to semiconfined zones.

The water table in NCT of Delhi is low. Much of the water found in NCT-Delhi is

brackish water existing at shallow depths (varying from 20 to 50 m below ground

level) in Kanjhawla and Najafgarh blocks and in some minor patches of Alipur and

city blocks. In flood plains of Yamuna, fresh-water generally exists at a depth of 35 -

45 m.

The groundwater occurrence, movement and availability in NCT – Delhi is controlled

by hydro-geological situation by alluvial plains on eastern and western sides of the

ridge.

The ground water flow direction in NCT of Delhi is depicted in Fig 4.17. The

groundwater table found in NCT-Delhi, 1999 is depicted in Fig 4.18.

Site I: Bawana Relocation industry site & Site IV: Old Bawana site

Depth to water level ranges between 0.7 to 4.5 m bgl. Water logged conditions

(water levels less than 2 m) exists in the area along western Yamuna canal, in the

areas between Bawana distributory and Western Yamuna Canal and all along

Ghoga drain which drains maximum part of the area. Wetlands of Bawana escape

exists beyond 1 km from the proposed site in Bawana relocation industrial site.

Shallow ground water levels are because of constant recharge by the canal systems

present in the area. Seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level in this zone is

negligible.

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

This site falls in the city block. The depth to water level is about 13 m bgl during

October 2001 while during summer (pre-monsoon), the depth increases to about 15

m bgl. A number of shallow and deep tube wells are present in the area those are

being used for industrial purposes but not for drinking. The average discharge of

these tube wells constructed down to 80 to 90 m. depth is reported to be about 300

to 400 litres per minute (lpm).

Site III: Guman Hera

The investigation carried out by NPC at the site (March 2002) shows that the water

level is at about 6.1 meter and the depth to ground water in this area is reported to

be at about 4.5 m bgl by during April 2002. The groundwater table in year 1999

shown in Fig 4.18 around the site was between 2 to 5. However, the drinking water

level around the site is reported to be very deep by Delhi Jal Board Official and the

extraction of water has been banned in this area. The similar views have been given

by the local villagers.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.61

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.62

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.63

The fluctuation in water level during pre and post monsoon is reported to be about 1

m. The tube wells located in the area along the Najafgarh drain are yielding about

450 lpm of water with 5 to 6 m drawdown. Ground water flow is towards the ground

water trough present in the area around Ujjah i.e. away from Najafgarh drain. The

fresh ground water is only available in Guman Hera village at a depth of about 35 m

bgl. However, the water at the same depth close to the site is very hard and saline.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.64

4.3.5 Ground Water Quality

In NCT of Delhi, groundwater recharge takes place via rainfall as well as through

infiltration of surface water. Groundwater recharge also occurs through stagnant

water pools in low-lying areas, where surface run off water gets collected. Extensive

studies on groundwater quality have been carried in NCT -Delhi by Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and the results of

these studies have been reproduced here for comparative evaluation.

Site I: Bawana Relocation industrial site & Site IV: Old Bawana site

Chemical quality of ground water in Bawana shows wide variations with depth. A

detailed study has been carried out to test the chemical quality of ground water from

the abstraction structures of varying depths located in different areas around

Bawana village. A thick column of fresh ground water aquifer system exists down to

a depth of 50 to 70 m in the vicinity of Western Yamuna Canal and thickness

decreases away from canal. In the villages east of Bawana, Khera khurd, Nayabas,

North of Shahbad, thickness of fresh water aquifers is about 50 to 60 m. The ground

water in this depth range is fit for drinking, domestic and industrial uses with

electrical conductivity less than 2000 microsiemens/cm at 25 o C and other

parameters meet the drinking water standards. In the villages Puth khurd, Barwala,

North of Sanoth and Holambi khurd, the thickness of fresh water aquifers is about 15

to 25 m. Thus existence of thick column of fresh ground water aquifers beneath

Western Yamuna Canal is due to infiltration of fresh water from the canal and

flushing of entrapped saline water from these aquifers. A linear relationship exists

between Electrical Conductivity of ground water and distance of sampling point from

Western Yamuna Canal clearly depicts the contribution of seepage and infiltration

component of fresh water in to the aquifers in this area. This is due to highly porous

soil media existing in this area in the form of sandy newer alluvium and silty sand

mixed with kankar formations of older alluvium.

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

Generally, the quality of ground water at shallow depths (about 40 to 50 m) is

reported to be fresh and becomes brackish to saline with increase in depth. Ground

water flow is towards northeast in this area.

Site III: Guman Hera site

The groundwater available up to a depth of 35 m bgl is saline and hard. The potable

drinking water is available below a depth of 35 m bgl.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.65

Groundwater quality (From Secondary Sources)

The groundwater quality around the proposed sites were assessed using the data/

information reported in following documents/ reports:

(1) Report titled " Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspect in NCT-

Delhi, Central Ground Water Board/ Central pollution Control Board, January,

2000

(2) Report titled " Study of groundwater quality in Delhi", Sophisticated Industrial

Materials Analytic Labs. Pvt. Ltd., March - 1999

The ground water quality around the identified sites based on report (1) is given in

tables 4.5, 4.6 & 4.7 and based on report (2) in table 4.8 & 4.9 respectively.

Ground Water Monitoring (Primary data)

Groundwater samples from dug wells, Handpumps, tubewells from different locations

within 5-Km radius from each proposed site were collected and analysed in NPC

Laboratory. The groundwater sampling locations are shown in Fig 4.14, 4.15, 4.16.

The analysis results are given in Tables 4.10 through 4.12.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.66

Table 4.5: Groundwater Quality Around Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site & Site IV: Bawana Old Site

Location

U/s

&

D/s

Sourc

e

Depth

in m

PH EC in

µmhos/c

m

TDS CO 3 HCO 3 Cl SO 4 NO 3 F PO 4 SiO 2 B Tot

Hardn

ess

Tikri khurd - 1 D TW 28 8.39 1553 907 32 366 136 200 5.2 3.2 0.06 23 0.25 150

Tikri khurd-2 D HP 20 7.56 3180 1981 Nil 666 311 310 84 1.0 0.10 34 0.31 610

Bankner U TW 40 7.76 1620 1001 Nil 455 196 186 22 0.96 0.11 32 0.19 430

Lampur U HP 27 6.22 1621 1095 Nil 615 122 201 11 1 0.12 14 0.06 240

Bhorgarh U HP 12 7.74 2340 1054 Nil 320 389 200 15 0.41 0.07 42 0.11 621

Tikrikurdh D STW 21 7.34 1525 760 Nil 481 156 236 6.0 0.75 0.07 22 Nil 470

Holambi Kalan D HP 20 7.49 1151 667 Nil 461 84 64 5.3 1.09 0.09 28 0.06 330

Ghoga village 1 U STW 24 7.12 2420 1755 Nil 461 749 545 0.71 0.63 0.1 11 0.25 681

Goga village 2 U HP 12 7.54 3040 2201 Nil 474 489 720 0.06 0.79 0.08 25 0.11 801

Bawana village I U DW 3.6 7.69 1121 781 Nil 436 98 196 2.2 0.84 0.09 26 0.06 570

Bawana village II U STW 10.0 7.46 2650 1746 Nil 461 286 660 2.6 3.18 .0.08 28 0.31 911

Bawana village III U TW 70 8.46 2020 1348 25 167 276 510 0.01 2.51 0.06 22 0.19 460

Sultanpur Dabas U HP 17.0 8.29 3250 1970 Tr 461 840 143 2.4 2.6 0.09 28 1.55 470

Source: Report titled" Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspects in NCT - Delhi", Central Ground Water Board, January, 2000

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.67

Table 4.6: Groundwater Quality Around Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Location

U/s &

D/s

Sour

ce

Dept

h in

m

pH

EC in

µmhos

/cm

TDS CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F PO4 SiO

2

B

Tot

Hard

ness

Nirankari

colony

D HP 20.0 7.91 1365 900 Nil 372 120 242 86 1.32 0.11 31 0.19 305

Kewal Park D HP 10.0 7.59 1872 1233 Nil 673 273 154 6.6 0.37 0.11 23 Nil 425

Adarsh

Nagar

Wazirpur

Indust. Area

Bhalswa

village

D HP 10.0 7.65 2380 1385 Nil 423 510 128 6.3 0.6 0.1 25 0.31 510

U HP 30.0 7.45 1335 940 - 442 129 175 92 0.71 0.05 27 0.12 550

U HP 8.0 7.45 1315 865 Nil 549 162 97 14 0.46 0.12 32 0.01 502

Jahangipuri U HP 8.0 7.34 1625 1072 - 577 212 135 36 0.57 0.07 25 0.18 555

Shalimar

village

U HP 15.0 7.32 998 714 - 397 87 138 20 3.69 0.07 10 0.12 220

Source: Report titled" Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspects in NCT - Delhi", Central Ground Water Board, January, 2000

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.68

Table 4.7: Groundwater Quality Around Site III: Gumman Hera Site

Location

U/s &

D/s

Sour

ce

Dept

h in

m

PH

EC in

µmho

s/cm

TDS CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F PO4 SiO2 B Tot

Hardness

Daulatpur D HP 60.0 7.61 1200 787 Nil 457 160 55 70 2.05 0.05 17 0.08 461

Shikarpur-1 D HP 35.0 7.55 2310 1515 Nil 476 522 145 22 1.06 0.08 26 0.29 414

Shikarpur-2 D TW 60.0 7.94 4030 2250 Nil 450 1079 296 38 2.55 0.03 40 0.16 1010

Gumanhera D HP 12.0 8.04 2410 1640 Nil 824 326 240 50 0.81 0.07 20 0.06 476

Raota U HP 20.0 7.80 1205 690 Nil 283 222 52 3.7 0.95 0.05 13 Nil 191

Jhiljhuli D TW 20.0 7.04 13200 8540 Nil 384 4461 775 86 1.20 0.08 34 Nil 3325

Kharkhera

round

D HP 20.0 7.38 2780 1012 nil 740 577 120 56 1.6 0.07 30 Nil 480

Ujhwa village D HP 50.0 7.79 4210 2962 nil 481 931 320 508 2.14 0.06 22 1.06 1101

Source: Report titled" Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspects in NCT - Delhi", Central Ground Water Board, January, 2000

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.69

Table 4.8: Groundwater Quality Around Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site

Source U/s &

D/s

Turbidity,

NTU

PH TDS Tot

Hardness

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy

metals

Tikri village D 4 7.4 1996 1250 719 246 55.1 2.75 N.T except

Cd : 0.01

Sai Mandir, Tikri

village, Ind Area

28 Km stone, Tikri

Kalan Ind Area

Opp. Bawana Ind

Area, site office

Jyoti Service

station, Narela

Bawana road

Bawana road, Gas

agency after ind

area

D 5 7.3 7564 3200 1663 2800 32 3.2 NT except

Zn: 0.08

D 4 7.1 4624 2430 1076 2000 29.3 3.2 N.T except

Zn: 2.04, Cd:

0.01

U 2 7.7 596 431 80 72.5 26.8 3.1 N.T except

Zn: 0.09, Cu:

0.03, Ni: 0.05

U 22 7.65 604 353 70 115 14.32 2.6 1N.T except

Cu: 0.01

U 26 7.4 8520 2960 5698 205 12.6 2.9 N.T except

Cu: 0.01, Ni:

0.02, Zn:

0.06

Source: Ground water monitoring by SIMA Laboratories in March 1999 .

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.9: Groundwater Quality around Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Page No.70

Source

U/s

&

D/s

Turbidity,

NTU

PH TDS Tot

Hardness

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy metals

Sarai Rohila D 4 7.3 876 430 171 101 117 2.2 N.T except Pb:

0.02

Shastri Nagar D 4 7.6 1308 680 254 402 85.6 1.9 N T except Pb:

0.04

Mukerjee Nagar U 3 7.4 652 330 78 78 27.3 2.2 N.T except Zn:

0.08

Model Town U 4 7.1 964 240 220 181 29.3 2.7 N.T. except Pb:

0.08, Zn: 2.1

Jahangir Puri U 5 7.3 7142 444 3924 365 13.2 0.3 N.T except Cu:

0.03, Zn: 0.01,

Ni: 0.05

Jahangir

Bridge

Puri

U 4 7.1 13254 3600 5123 650 11 0.8 Cu: 0.01, Cd:

0.03, Zn: 0.04,

Cr: 0.02, Ni:

0.06

Adarsh Nagar U 2 7.54 976 510 85 335 27 3.1 Cu: 0.02, Zn:

0.06

JJ Camp, H- block,

Jahangir Puri

U 2 7.2 1084 421 425 170 14 2.84 Cu: 0.05,

Cd:0.02, Zn:

0.08

JJ

Wazirpur

Camp,

U 2 6.7 3728 1920 392 1004 21 0.5 Cu: 0.01, Pb:

0.05, Zn: 0.04,

Cr: 0.01, Ni:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.71

Source

U/s

&

D/s

Turbidity,

NTU

PH TDS Tot

Hardness

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy metals

0.24

Slum Wing, A-

Block, Wazirpur

Ind Area

Slum Wing, C - 35,

Wazirpur Ind. Area

U 4 7.6 3380 1176 865 1040 103 2.9 Cu: 0.03, Pb:

0.04, Zn: 0.06,

Ni: 0.15

U 2 7.54 1996 1274 150 808 178 3.6 Cu: 0.02, Zn:

0.08

Source: Ground water monitoring by SIMA Laboratories in March 1999.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.10

Page No.72

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industry Site

Sl. No. Location Upstre Distance

am/Do

wnstre

am

from

propose

d site

1 Near Bawana distributory U/s

on Narela - Bawana road

Sour

ce

3 - 4 km Hand

pump

2 Near proposed site D/s 0.05 km Bore

well

3 Holambi Kalan, near D/s ~3 km Hand

railway phatak

pump

4 Near Nahri Majri D/s ~4 km Hand

distributory, Tikri Gaon

pump

5 Kureni D/s ~4 km Hand

pump

6 Near Lampur distributory, U/s ~3 km Hand

on main Bawana- Narela

pump

road

7 Goga village, near Bus

stand

8 Putgurd village, on main

Bawana - Delhi road

U/s ~4 km Bore

well

U/s 4 - 5 km Bore

well

PH COD BOD TDS Hard

ness

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr

(T)

8 25 >3 312 148 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.444

7.7 14 >3 1190 388 0.02 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.52

7.6 11 >3 988 346 0.18 BDL 0.12 BDL BDL BDL 0.888

7.44 16 >3 994 480 0.4 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.78

7.78 3 1048 184 0.11 BDL BDL 0.07 BDL BDL 4.3

7.5 14 >3 1008 620 0.45 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 0.779

7.45 31 >3 2416 872 0.04 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 1.79

7.76 18 >3 766 420 0.18 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 1.6

F -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.11

Sl. No. Location Upstr

eam/

Down

strea

m

Page No.73

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Distanc

e from

propos

ed site ,

Km

Sourc

e

1 At the proposed site U/s 0.01 Borew

ell

2 By-pass, near Bhalswa U/s 4 - 5 Hand

lake

pump

3 Kewal park, at the U/s 3 - 4 Hand

intersection

pump

4 Tagore park, near main U/s 3 - 4 Borew

road

ell

5 Haiderpur, on main road U/s 4 - 5 Hand

pump

6 Near Najafgarh drain, D/s 3 - 4 Borew

Shantinagar

ell

7 Shakurpur, residential area D/s 4 Hand

pump

PH COD BOD TDS TSS Hard

ness

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr (T) F -

6.89 29 >3 2996 7 1356 0.02 BDL BDL 0.02 0.04 BDL 3.11

7.72 18 >3 2462 3 740 0.01 BDL BDL 0.03 0.02 BDL 0.218

7.05 25 >3 1664 2 810 0.02 BDL BDL 0.03 0.02 BDL 0.874

7.56 21 >3 954 1 340 0.23 BDL BDL BDL 0.01 BDL 0.294

7.71 18 >3 618 1 164 0.18 BDL BDL 0.03 BDL BDL 0.444

7.52 30 >3 782 2 492 0.06 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.52

7.79 19 >3 962 2 102 0.1 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.779

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.12

Page No.74

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-III: Gumman Hera Site

Sl. No. Location Upstrea Distance from

m/Down proposed site

stream

1 Near proposed site, village

Guman Herra

2 Near Guman Herra - Sikarpur

road, village Sikarpur

3 On Gurgaon road, village

Jhatikara

4 Near Flood Control Deptt.,

Daulatpur

Sourc

e

D/s 0.01 Km Borew

ell

D/s 2 - 3 Km Handp

ump

D/s 2 - 3 Km Borew

ell

D/s ~ 4 Km Borew

ell

5 Village Hassanpur D/s ~ 4 Km Handp

ump

6 Village Daryapur Khurd D/s ~ 3 Km Borew

ell

7 Village Deorala U/s ~ 3 Km Handp

ump

8 Village Raota, Near tyre U/s ~ 2 Km Handp

repairing centre

ump

9 Sushil Gosadan, village U/s ~ 0.05 Km Borew

Guman Herra

ell

PH COD BOD TDS Hard

ness

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr

(T)

7.15 34 >3 4110 1344 0.02 0.05 BDL 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.608

7.4 20.5 >3 1112 444 0.18 0.02 BDL 0.05 BDL BDL 3.42

7.24 28.5 >3 3068 1032 0.07 0.07 BDL 0.1 0.01 0.01 1.26

7.1 54 >3 4696 2720 0.01 0.08 BDL 0.11 BDL 0.01 0.791

7.34 30.5 >3 2072 1180 0.2 0.07 BDL 0.19 BDL BDL 0.475

7.11 56.5 >3 6884 3240 0.02 0.13 BDL 0.08 BDL 0.01 1.74

7.29 33 >3 5560 1460 1.8 0.07 BDL 0.24 0.02 BDL 2.22

7.15 38 >3 3390 800 0.02 0.03 BDL 0.26 BDL BDL 1.55

7.13 31 >3 4522 1240 0.03 0.05 BDL 0.08 BDL BDL 1.13

F -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.75

The comparative analysis of groundwater quality in March, 1999, January, 2000 and

March, 2002 is summarised below.

Site I & IV • Total dissolved solids has increased slightly in

downstream locations from Jan, 2000 to March, 2002.

• Hardness is almost same

• Flouride content exceeds the permissible limit at many

locations

• At some locations 4 -5 km away downstream of proposed

site (Tikri village), TDS and Hardness has been observed

to be less in March 2002.

Site II

• At some locations total dissolved solids and hardness

both have been observed to be less in March 2002.

• Flouride content exceeds the permissible limit at many

locations

Site III

• At some upstream locations, total dissolved solids and

hardness have been observed to increase whereas at

some downstream locations they have decreased.

• Some locations Lead was found to be more than the

standard limit of 0.05 ppm.

• Flouride content exceeds the permissible limit at many

locations

The ground water quality around site I (Bawana) is potable except for presence of

Fluoride at some locations (Refer Annex III for Drinking water standards). The

ground water quality around Site II and Site III shows high value of hardness and

TDS. Presence of heavy metal like lead was observed at few locations around site

III. However at a depth beyond 30 - 35 m bgl, potable water is available around

village Guman Hera.

High value of Fluoride in ground water is due to localised effects of natural sources.

4.4 GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

4.4.1 General Geological Features of NCT-Delhi

The geological formations of the state date from the proterozoic to the Quarternary

ages. The generalised succession of the rock formations reported are the

Quaternary era represented by recent soils, alluvium, blow sand and nodular

limestone; Pegamites and the basic intrusives belonging to post Delhi intrusives; and

the Alwar quartrzites of the Delhi system.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.76

The area is a part of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Fig 4.19 shows the different types of

geological and geomorphological units in NCT - Delhi. A spur of the Aravalli hills

from Rajasthan enters Delhi through Gurgoan on the South Border and expands into

north to north–east and south to south –west separated by flat lands and

depressions filled with alluvial materials. These rocky exposures are the north-west

extension of the Aravalli ranges into Indo -Gangetic plain. Structurally, the quartzite

form a major isoclinal, co-axially, refolded anticlines plunging south-west. The Ridge

is an exposure of a portion of this link of this fold.

4.4.2 Geological features around the site

Geologically, all the four sites belong to Indo-Gangetic alluvium (older alluvium) as

can be seen from Fig 4.19. They are mostly covered with quaternary sediments

belonging to mainly older alluvium soil. These older alluvium consists of a polycyclic

sequence of sand, silt and clay with frequent kankar disseminations.

The Aravallies are composed of quartzite inter bedded with micaceous schist's that

belongs to Alwar formations of Delhi system which are of precambrian age. These

occur as small patches near Wazirpur CETP site.

Soils: Soils of Delhi region have been developed mainly on alluvium of river Yamuna

and its tributaries. The soils of flood plain and recent flood plain are relatively less

developed as compared to soil of old alluvial plain of Bawana and Gumanhera site.

Wazirpur site is covered with Quaternary alluvium.

Depth to bed rock: The available information from different sources indicates that

the bed rock like quartzite and sandstone lies approximately below the depth of 200

metres in all four proposed sites. Fig 4.20 depicts the depth to bedrock in NCT-Delhi.

Subsidence: There is no subsidence in the proposed sites according to the

information provided by Geological Survey of India, New Delhi. However, Site III:

Guman Hera falls in structural sag zone, where there is a possibility of subsidence.

4.5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION

The soil in the Delhi region can be broadly classified into two categories-older

alluviums and the younger alluvium. The soil on the eastern bank of the Yamuna

river is essentially the younger alluvium and is yellow in colour. The soil on the

western bank is the older alluvium, and is grey coloured. Comparatively this is in

more consolidated and stable form.

A much more detailed classification was done by the NBSS&LUP specifying 14

types of soils.

The categories and their description is given in the Annex III.

Fig 4.21 shows the soil map of NCT-Delhi.

Soil Characteristics of Site I

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.77

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.78

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.79

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.80

This site lies at the intersection of the Kanjhawla block and the Alipur block. Mapping

unit shown in Fig 4.21 is 22. The depth to bed rock is more than 300 m.

The soils here are the soils of the older alluvial plains known to be deep, well

drained, coarse-loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy sand surface and slight

erosion associated with deep well drained fine loamy soils with loamy surface, slight

erosion and slight salinity.

These soils belong to the Nabha –Ghoga series. This series includes fine loamy and

clayey soil, and is a member of mixed hyperthermic family of Udic Ustochrepts. The

clay percentage ranges from 16-38% with maximum over a depth of 69-100cm depth

bgl.

Soil characteristics of Site II

The site lies in the city block of the Delhi territory. Therefore the natural soil

characteristics have been degraded due to urban development and industrialisation.

It falls under miscellaneous category called quaternary alluvium.

Soil characteristics of Site III

This site lies in the Najafgarh block. Mapping unit as shown in Fig 4.21 is 21. The

soils found here are also the soils of the older alluvial plains known to be deep, well

drained, coarse -loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy surface associated

with deep well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy surface and slight salinity.

The soil is of the Daryapur -Hamidpur series. The colour of the soil is yellowish.

These soils are well-drained with rapid permeability.

Site IV: Bawana Old site:

The soil at this site is of Khampur-Hissar series. Mapping unit as seen from Fig 4.21

is 21. The soil of this association occurs on old flood plains on 1-3% slopes.

Khampur series is silty clay loam to clayey and the Hissar series is silty loam to sity

clay loam in texture. The soil of this site is extremely saline with white patches of salt

layer visible on the surface of the land. The soil of this site has been classified as

lands with problems of salinity and also water logging by NBSS & LUP.

At this site there are pockets of coarse loamy and fine loamy soils (8 to 10%). Large

chunks of barren landscapes with white and brownish surface incrustation are

common. They are uncultivated lands with pockets of salt resistant bushes of

Halozylon SPP. The electrical conductivity (total soluble salts) of surface soils are

higher than 12 µmhos/cm which gradually decreases with depth.

Fig 4.22 shows the extent of drainage in NCT- Delhi. Well drainage indicates the soil

is most suitable for agriculture from the point of view of irrigation. Site I & Site IV falls

under zone moderately drained whereas site III falls under zone well drained. Site II

falls under urban area.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.81

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.6 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

Page No.82

Geotechnical properties of the proposed sites were assessed as per the criteria laid

down by CPCB ( refer Chapter III, section ). Following procedure was adopted for

geotechnical investigation of the sites:

• A bore hole of 100 – 150 mm diameter below existing ground surface through

normal soil i.e sandy, clayey strata ( excluding hard/boudary/rock) using shell

and auger method was drilled at the proposed sites up to 20 m depth below

existing ground surface. Photoplate 11, 12, 13 & 14 shows drilling arrangement

at Wazirpur and Guman Hera site.

• Undisturbed soil samples were collected at 1.5 m interval in depth or change of

strata whichever occurred earlier using straight open end sampling tubes fitted to

an adapter with ball and socket arrangement and using a standard SPT set up.

• Similarly disturbed soil samples were collected at regular interval in depth.

• The depth of groundwater table in the bore hole whenever encountered, was

recorded.

• The soil samples collected were analysed for following:

- Soil type and stratification

- Permeability test for each strata

Site I: Bawana relocation Industry Site: The geotechnical investigation of the site

was carried out from 23.02.2002 to 25.02.2002. The test results are tabulated in

table 4.13 below.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.83

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.84

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.85

Table 4.13: Geo-technical Investigation of Bawana Industry Relocation Site

Depth

Soil Classification

(I.S)

Grain size analysis

Consistency Limits

Coefficient

of

Permeability,

cm/sec

G.L

Gravel Sand % Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticit

Sandy Silt of Low

0 %

y Limit

1.00 Plasticity

0 19 73 8 28 20 8 4.4 x 10 -6

1.40

2.50 Clayey Silt of

0 4 74 22 40 23 17 6.7 x 10 -7

Medium plasticity

4.00

4.00 (CI) 4.50

0 27 73 0 Non Plastic 1.6 x 10 -4

Sandy Silt

5.5 5.50 0 60 40 0 Non Plastic 4.1 x 10 -4

7 Silty Sand (SM)

0 83 17 0 Non Plastic -

8.5 Non Plastic -

10.00 Silty Sand (SP-SM)

10.00

0 89 11 0 Non Plastic 4.8 x 10 -4

11.00

11.50 7 5 80 8 32 21 11 2.7 x 10 -6

Clayey Silt of Low

13.00 plasticity (CL)

- - - - - - - -

14.5 9 10 71 10 32 21 11 -

16.00

Sandy Silt of low

16.00

8 27 60 5 23 18 5 6.4 x 10 -5

plasticity (ML-CL)

17.50 - - - - - - - -

18.50

Sandy Silt (CL)

19.00 5 12 71 12 31 21 10 2.3 x 10 -6

Silty Sand (SM)

19.40

20.00 1 66 33 0 Non Plastic 4.6 x 10 -4

20.40

20.40 - - - - - - -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.86

Following inference can be drawn from the results obtained:

(i)

Based on the soil characteristics, the subsoil can be divided into following

different strata:

• Strata I: (From ground level upto a depth of 5.5m). It consists predominantly of

fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of medium plasticity (CI), sandy silt of low

plasticity (CL) & sandy silt (ML).

• Strata II: (From 5.5m to 11.0 m depth below ground level). It consists

predominantly of coarse grained soils i.e, silty sand (SM/SP-SM).

• Strata III: (From depth 11.0 to 19.4 m below ground level). It consists

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of low plasticity (CL) & sandy silt

of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL).

• Strata IV: (From depth 19.4 to 20.4 m below ground level). It consists of silt sand.

(ii)

(iii)

The coefficient of permeability ranged from 4.4 x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec for

low to medium plastic soils comprising of clayey silt of low to medium

plasticity (CI/CL) & sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However for nonplastic

soils comprising of silty sand (SM/SP-SM) & sandy silt (ML) the

coefficient permeability ranged from 1.6 x 10 -4 to 4.8 x 10 -4 cm/sec. Fig 4.23

depicts the variation of permeability in different strata.

The groundwater was encountered at 4.5 m depth from existing ground level.

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site: The geotechnical investigation of the site was carried

out from 27.02.2002 to 01.03.2002. The test results are tabulated in table 4.14

below.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.87

Table 4.14: Geo-technical Investigation Results at the Proposed Site Located near Wazirpur CETP

Depth Soil

Classification

(I.S)

Grain size analysis

Consistency Limits

Gravel

%

Sand

%

Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticity

index

Coefficient of

Permeability,

cm/sec

G.L Clayey Silt of

0 - - - - - - - -

Medium Plasticity

1.00 (CI)

2.50

7 7 69 17 35 22 13 8.3 x 10 -7

2.50 0 22 78 0 Non Plastic 1.8 x 10 -4

3.50

Sandy Silt (ML)

4.00 2 7 83 8 32 21 11 2.6 x 10 -6

5.5 Clayey Silt of low

Plasticity (CL)

7 9.30 1 17 74 8 29 20 9 3.2 x 10 -6

8.5

Sandy Silt of low

Plasticity (CL)

10.00 - - - - - - - -

10.00 0 1 84 15 38 23 15 7.1 x 10 -7

11.50 - - - - - - - -

13.00

Clayey Silt of

0 3 66 31 48 26 22 3.4 x 10 -7

14.5 Medium plasticity

- - - - - - - -

(CI)

16.00 15.90 - - - - - - - -

17.50 0 30 66 4 23 18 5 6.2 x 10 -5

19.00 Sandy Silt of low

18.50 4 1 69 26 43 25 18 5.5 x 10 -7

Plasticity (ML-CL)

19.0

20.00

- - - - - - - -

Clayey Silt of

Medium Plasticity

20.40 (CI)

20.40

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.89

Following inference can be drawn from the results obtained:

1. The sub-soil strata from present ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of low medium plasticity (CI/CL),

sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL) & sandy silt (ML).

2. The coefficient of permeability ranged from 6.2 x 10 -5 to 3.4 x 10 -7 cm/sec for

low to medium plastic soils comprising of clayey silt of low to medium plasticity

(CI/CL) & sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However for non-plastic soils

comprising of sandy silt (ML) the coefficient of permeability is around 1.8 x 10 -4

cm/sec. Fig 4.24 depicts the variation of permeability in different strata.

3. The groundwater table was encountered at 9.3 m depth below ground level.

Site III: Gumman Herra site:

The geotechnical investigation of the site was carried out from 20.03.2002 to

21.03.2002. The test results are tabulated in table 4.15 belo

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.90

Table 4.15: Geo-technical Investigation Results at Site Located in Village Guman Hera

Depth Soil Classification

(I.S)

Grain size analysis

Consistency Limits

Gravel

%

Sand % Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticity

index

G.L 0 - - - - - - - -

Coefficient

of

Permeabilit

y, cm/sec

1.00 Sandy Silt of Low

plasticity (ML-CL)

2.50

0 41 50 9 25 19 6 5.6 x 10 -5

2.50

Silty Sand (SP-SM)

0 88 12 0 Non Plastic 4.7 x 10 -4

4.00

6.10

5.0

- - - - - - - -

5.5 Sandy Silt of low

4 25 60 11 29 20 9 6.2 x 10 -6

7

Plasticity (CL)

8.5

- - - - - - - -

8.5 2 15 79 4 25 19 6 5.1 x 10 -5

10.00 - - - - - - - -

11.50 4 38 52 6 23 18 5 7.7 x 10 -5

13.00 Sandy Silt of low

- - - - - - - -

14.5

Plasticity (ML - CL)

1 35 56 8 27 20 7 4.9 x 10 -5

16.00 14 28 51 7 25 19 6 5.3 x 10 -5

17.50 - - - - - - - -

19.00

Sandy Silt (CL)

20.00

- - - - - - - -

20.00 20.40 3 21 63 13 31 21 10 3.1 x 10 -6

20.40

- - - - - - - -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.91

Following inference can be drawn from the results obtained:

1. The sub-soil strata from existing ground surface to 20.40m depth consists

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL).

However, the sub-soil strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of

coarse grained soils i.e. silty sand (SP-SM).

2. During the field investigation, groundwater table was encountered at 6.10 m

depth below the existing ground level.

Fig 4.25 depicts the variation of permeability through different strata.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.92

Fig 4.23: Coefficient of permeability versus depth of subsoil at

Bawana Industry Relocation Site

0.0006

Coefficient of permeability, cm/sec

0.0005

0.0004

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

0

-0.0001

0 11.4 1.42 4

4 55.5

5.5 8

10

11

0 5 10 15 20 25

Depth of subsoil

16

18.5

19.4

20.4

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.93

Fig 4.24 :Coefficient of Permeability versus depth of subsoil at

Wazirpur CETP site

0.0002

3.5

Coefficient of Permeability, cm/sec

0.00015

0.0001

0.00005

0

19

15.9

2.5

7 10

20.4

0 5 10 15 20 25

-0.00005

Depth of subsoil, m

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.94

Fig 4.25 : Coefficient of Permeability versus Depth of Sub soil

at Guman Hera site

Coefficient of Permeability, cm/sec

0.0006

0.0005

0.0004

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

0

-0.0001

5

0 2.5 8.5

20

20.4

0 5 10 15 20 25

Depth of Subsoil

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.7 METEOROLOGY

Page No.95

4.7.1 Climate

The climate of NCT, Delhi is mainly semi-arid and is largely influenced by its inland

position and the prevalence of air of the continental type during the major part of the

year. Extreme dryness with an intensely hot summer and cold winter are the

characteristics of the climate. Only during the three monsoon months July, August

and September does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this district and causes

increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. The year can broadly be divided

into four seasons. The cold season starts in late November and extends to about the

beginning of March. This is followed by hot season which lasts till about the end of

June when the monsoon arrives over the district. The monsoon arrives over the

district. The dryness of the air with an intensely hot summer and a cold winter are

the characteristics of the climate. Air of oceanic origin reaches the city only during

the three monsoon months, July, August and September, bringing with it increased

humidity, cloudiness and rain. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold

season starts in late November and extends to the beginning of March. This is

followed by the hot season which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon

arrives over the region. The monsoon continues to the last week of September. The

two post monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period from

the monsoon to winter conditions.

4.7.2 Rainfall

The rainfall within NCT - Delhi are being recorded at 13 stations:

1. Chandrawl (obsy) 2. New Delhi (Safd) 3. New Delhi (Palam)

4. Okhala (obsy) 5. Mehrauli 6. Delhi (Sadar)

7. Nangloi 8. Sahadara 9. Najafgarh

10. Badli 11. Alipur 12. Narela

13. Delhi (city)

The normal annual rainfall in the NCT -Delhi is 797.3 mm (50 years). During the

period 1993 - 1997, annual average rainfall observed was 905.32 mm. About 81% of

the annual rainfall is received during three monsoon months of july, August and

September, while balance annual rainfall is received as winter rains and as

thunderstorm rain during pre and post-monsoon months. There have been a steady

change in rainfall from year to year. The maximum rainfall recorded in the region was

251% of the normal in 1933 while 44% of normal was the minimum in 1951. A study

of the trend of the annual rainfall in the region for 80 years (1901 - 1980) shows that

precipitation is mostly erratic in its arial distribution and intensity. The rainfall

increases from South west to north east.

On average, rains of 2.5 mm or more falls on 27 days in a year. Of these, 19 days

are covered under monsoon months; two to three days in June while rest in other

seasons.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.96

The average monthly rainfall data for NCT - Delhi is given below in following table

4.16.

Table 4.16: Average Monthly Rainfall in NCT-Delhi.

Month Rainfall in mm Rainfall in mm Monthly average rainfall

Safdarjung Station Palam station NCT- Delhi (1993 - 1997)

50 yrs.

50 yrs

January 20.3 14.8 26.7

February 15.0 14.1 13.9

March 15.8 9.3 12.6

April 6.7 6.1 13.2

May 17.5 18.9 19.9

June 54.9 54.2 121.0

July 231.5 241.1 223.11

August 258.7 284.3 305.21

September 127.8 119.4 136.8

October 36.3 16.8 15.6

November 5.0 6.4 2.8

December 7.8 8.6 14.5

Total 797.3 794.0 905.32

Source: 1) Indian Metereogical Department, 2) Project titled REIA of proposed new indl.

Areas in Delhi, by CES for DSIDC

4.7.3 Temperature

Extremes of temperature are a significant characteristics of Delhi climate. The

temperature gradually rises from January till May, which is the hottest month of a

year with a mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 39.9 o C and 25.6 o C. In the

month of December, January and February, there is a considerable drop in the mean

minimum and maximum temperatures. January is the coldest month with mean

minimum and maximum temperatures 7.4 o C and 20.7 o C respectively. The average

annual mean minimum and maximum temperatures are 18.7 o C and 31 o C.

4.7.4. Humidity

The air is generally dry during the greater part of the year. Humidity is high about 75

- 80 % in the southwest monsoon season. April and May are the driest months when

the relative humidities in the afternoons become 20 percent.

4.7.5. Winds

Winds are generally light in the post-monsoon and winter months. They are stronger

in the summer and monsoon months. Winds are predominantly easterly to

southeasterly in the monsoon season. In the other seasons winds are mostly

westerly or northwesterly. Northerly or northeasterly winds are not uncommon during

afternoons.

Average wind speed for NCT - Delhi is as given below in table 4.17.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.17: Average Wind Speed in NCT - Delhi

Months Mean wind speed (km/h)

January 8.3

February 10.1

March 10.7

April 11.2

May 12.8

June 13.7

July 9.9

August 8.3

September 8.9

October 6.1

November 6.1

December 7.4

Mean 9.5

The windrose diagram for NCT- Delhi is shown in Fig 4.26.

Page No.97

It can be inferred from the above tables and windrose diagram, that wind speeds are

higher in summer and mid-monsoon, and are associated with higher mixing heights

providing high ventilation.

The most prevalent direction of wind is towards West and towards North-West

having average wind speed ranging from 9.5 Km.p.h.

4.7.6. Special Weather Phenomena

April to June is the period with the highest incidence of thunderstorms and duststorms.

Violent squalls (andhis) often accompany such storms. Where some of the

thunder storms are dry, others are accompanied with heavy rains and occasionally

with hail. In association with western disturbances a few thunderstorms occur in the

winter months also. Fogs occur sometimes in the winter season.

4.7.7 Ambient Air Quality

Secondary Data

Ambient air quality monitoring is being carried out regularly at nine stations in NCT -

Delhi. Out of these three stations viz, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Bagh, Najafgarh road

falls within our study areas. The annual average ambient air quality at some of the

stations falling within the study area are given below in table 4.18 & 4.19 as given

below:

Table 4.18: Ambient Air Quality around site II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Station SPM, µg/m 3 SOx, µg/m 3 NOx, µg/m 3

Ashok Vihar 425 12 28

Najafgarh road 400 20 36

Shahzada Bagh 475 18 45

Source: State of Environment Report on Delhi 2001, Dept of Environment, NCT- Delhi.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Table 4.19: Ambient Air Quality around Site I & Site IV

Page No.98

Station SPM, µg/m 3

Sox, µg/m 3

NOx, µg/m 3

Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg

Bawana 129 532 322 13.4 30.5 20.8 37 49.7 42.9

Narela 121 371 221 6.8 28.4 16 15.1 44.8 33.6

Ghoga 157 421 315 6.8 16.8 10.7 6.8 38.4 20.3

Holambikalan 126 428 237 6.8 14.8 10.7 7.5 26.4 18.3

Source: Project titled REIA of proposed new Indl. Areas in Delhi, by CES for DSIDC.

Primary Data

Site –I : Bawana industry relocation site

The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at the site on 24 hourly basis

continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 15 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at

the proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site

are given in Table 4.20 & 4.21

Table 4.20 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results at Bawana Industry

Relocation Site

Date Time period Sox ,

ug /m 3

06/02/02

-

07/02/02

-

08/02/02

-

09/02/02

SOx,

(24-hr

avg.)

NOx ,

ug /m 3 NOx, (24-

hr avg.)

*SPM, ug/m 3

(24 - hr avg.)

1400 - 2200 7.6 8 69 59 1000

2200 - 0600 7.3 55

0600 - 1400 8.7 54

1400 - 2200 8.2 7.7 38 42 600

2200 - 0600 7.1 50

0600 - 1400 7.9 39

1400 - 2200 6.1 6 40 34 400

2200 - 0600 5.5 32

0600 - 1400 6 29

The high SPM concentration is due to the presence of a rice mill adjacent to the

proposed site in Bawana industry relocation site. The SOx and NOx concentration is

well within the prescribed standards.

Table 4.21: Noise level monitored near proposed site in Bawana

Time Observed Leq, Limits in residential Limits in Industrial

dB(A)

area

Day (0600 - 2100) 52 55 75

Night (2100 - 0600) 40 45 70

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.99

Noise level was found to be well within the stipulated standards for industrial as well

as residential areas.

Site –II (Wazirpur CETP Site)

The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at the site on 24 hourly basis

continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 16 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at the

proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site are

given in Table 4.22 & 4.23

Table 4.22: Ambient Air Quality of Wazirpur CETP Site

Date Time period Sox ,

ug /m 3

SOx,

24-hr

avg

NOx , ug

/m3

NOx, 24-hr

avg

4/3/02 0600 - 1400 12.30 27 55.40 56 582

1400 - 2200 40.20 48.20

2200 - 0600 29.40 63.30

5/3/02 0600 - 1400 14.50 29 49.71 53 322

1400 - 2200 42.00 50.00

2200 - 0600 31.00 60.00

SPM, ug/m3

(24 - hr avg.)

6/3/02 0600 - 1400 10.60 25 40.30 51 382

1400 - 2200 35.00 56.30

2200 - 0600 30.10 55.10

Table 4.23: Noise level at Wazirpur CETP site

Time Observed Leq, dB(A) Limits in

Commercial

Area

Day (0600 - 2100) 58 65

Night (2100 - 0600) 57 55

Site –III (Guman Hera Site)

The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at the site on 24 hourly basis

continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 17 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at the

proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site are

given in Table 4.24 & 4.25

Table 4.24: Ambient Air Quality of Guman Hera Site

Date Time period SOx , ug /m 3 Sox, (24-

hr avg.)

NOx , ug

/m3

NOx, 24-

hr avg

SPM, ug/m3

(24 - hr avg)

19/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.66 1.8 2.61 2.1 152.7931

1500 - 2300 2.68 1.52

2300 - 0700 1.07 2.12

20/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.08 1.7 1.84 1.6 160.23

1500 - 2300 2.79 1.91

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.100

2300 - 0700 1.16 0.89

21/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.05 1.6 1.49 1.5 145.12

1500 - 2300 2.56 2.34

2300 - 0700 1.28 0.64

The ambient air quality of the site is within the prescribed standard for residential

area.

Table 4.25: Noise Level of Guman Hera site

Time Observed

Leq, dB(A)

Limits in

residential area

Limits in Industrial

area

Day ( 0600 - 2100) 45 55 75

Night (2100 - 0600) 40 45 70

The noise level of this site is within prescribed standards.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.101

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.102

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.9 DEMOGRAPHY

Page No.103

Source: (1) Population Statistics, NCT-Delhi, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Delhi,

(2) Census of India 2001, Series 8, Delhi Provisional Population Total, Paper 2 of 2001.

The population of NCT - Delhi has been growing at alarming rate. In last five decadal

growth has been above 50% and has resulted into a population of 94.21 lakhs in

1991. As per 1991 census, the whole of NCT- Delhi has been divided into four

regions viz MCD & census town, NDMC, Delhi Cantt, rural Delhi. Whereas as per

2001 census, six distinguished regions can be identified. They are:

• North

• North-West

• West

• South-West

• South

• New Delhi

• Central

• East

• North-East

The decadal growth rate estimated as per 2001 census in NCT - Delhi is given

below:

Sl. No. District Decadal growth

rate

1. North-West 60.12%

2. South 50.27%

3. West 47.81%

4. North-East 62.52%

5. South -West 61.29%

6. East 41.61%

7. North 13.3%

8. Central -1.91%

9. New Delhi 2.47%

Site I: Bawana industry relocation site

This site falls under North-West district. There are about 12 villages within 5 Km

radius from the proposed site. Fig 4.2 shows the location of these villages w.r.t the

proposed site. The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in

table 4.26 .

Table No. 4.26 Demographic Pattern within the 5-km Radius of Site-I

Village Name Distance from Population

proposed site in (1991)

km

Lampur ~5 1680 2690

Kureni 4 - 5 1487 2380.9

Bhorgarh 3 - 4 3174 5082

Population (2001)

[1991 census

multiplied by growth

rate* ]

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.104

Tikri Khurd ~5 3132 5014

Shah Pur Garh ~4 2399 3841

Sanoth 1 - 2 4756 7615

Ghoga ~3 4357 6976

Iradat Nagar ~3 2703 4328

Holambikhurg 2 - 3 2104 3373.7

Holambikalan ~1 3942 6311.9

Khera Khurd ~5 7182 11499.8

Barwala ~5 3863 6193.4

* Population of villages and blockwise data is not yet published in Census 2001

provsional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site:

This site falls under urban area of North West district. Within 5 Km radius from the

site, 16 charges fall as given in the table 4.27. The demographic pattern around the

proposed site is given below in table 4.27.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.105

Table 4.27: Demographic Profile within 5 Km Radius from Proposed Site near

Wazirpur CETP

Sl. Charge

Localities

Distance Population Population

No. No.

from site (1991) (2001)*

(Km)

1. 44 New Rohtak road, Nai Basti, Anand 4 - 5 36,306 58,133

Parbat Indl Area,..

2. 45 Old Rohtak road, Sarai Rohilla, West 3 - 5 27,269 43,663

moti Bagh, Subhadra Colony, Inder

Lok, Shahazada Bagh,..

3. 46 Shastri Nagar, Nimri village,.. 3 - 4 52,206 83,592

4. 47 Tri Nagar, Joor Bagh, Shanti Nagr, 3 - 4 1,01,867 1,63,109

Onkar Nagar, ...

5. 48 J.J. colony Wazirpur, Ashok Vihar - 0 - 2 78,315 1,25,396

IV, Ashok Vihar - III, Sawan Park Ext.,

Shakti Nagar Ext,..

6. 49 DESU colony, G.T. road, Rana Pratap 1 - 3 78,488 1,25,675

Bagh, Village Azadpur, Village

Bharola, Village Pipal thalla,..

7. 51 Roop Nagar, Kamla Nagar, Jawahar 3 - 4 34,669 55,512

Nagar

9. 57 Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Tagore 3 - 4 61,095 97,825

Park, radio colony, Mukerji Nagar,..

10 58 Village Rajpura, Old Gupta colony, 1 - 3 58,756 94,080

D.T.C colony, State Bank colony,

Mahendra enclave,

11. 59 Model Town I, Model Town II, Kewal 2 - 4 10,705 17,141

Park, Majlis park, Jahangirpuri,

Sanjay Nagar,..

12. 60 Shalimar Bagh, Singhal village, village 2 - 4 97,570 1,56,229

Haider Pur, Ambedkar colony, Nehru

Camp,..

13. 62 J.J. colony Shakurpur, Anand Vihar, 4 - 5 96,552 1,54,599

Sahyog Appartments,

14. 71 Village Shakurpur, Mahindra Park, 4 - 5 70,717 13,224

Rani Bagh

15. 72 Rohtak road, Bhagwan Dass Nagar, 4 - 5 33,354 53,406

Punjabi Bagh, Shivaji Park

16. 106 Ashok Vihar Ph I, village Wazirpur, 0 - 2 72,716 1,16,433

Ashok Vihar Ph II, Ashok Vihar Ph I,

Wazirpur Indl Area

* Population of villages and block-wise data is not yet published in Census

2001 provisional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation

Site III: Guman Hera Site

This site falls under South-west region. There are about 15 villages within 5 km

radius from the proposed site as shown in Fig 4.7.

The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in table 4.28:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.106

Table 4.28: Demographic Pattern around the 5 km radius of Site-III: Guman

Hera Site

Village Name

Distance from site Population Population

(km)

(1991)

(2001)*

Daryapur khurd ~3 1,505 2,427

Deorala ~4 359 579

Ghalibpur ~4 889 1,434

Guman Hera ~1 3,142 5,068

Jhul Jhuli ~2 1,099 1,772

Malik Pur Zer Nazafgarh ~5 2,398 3,868

Raota ~1 2,353 3,795

Sarang Pur ~3 767 1,237

Ujwa ~5 3,874 6,248

Daulat Pur ~4 1,495 2,411

Hasan Pur ~3 870 1,403

Jhatikara ~4 1,617 2,608

Khar Khari Rond ~4 782 1,261

Pindwalan khurd ~4 1,366 2,203

Sikar Pur ~2 2,291 3,695

* Rural and blockwise Population (2001) is not yet published in Census 2001

provsional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation

Site IV: Bawana Old site

This site falls under North-West region. There are about 12 villages within 5 Km

radius from the proposed site. Fig 4.8 shows the location of these villages w.r.t the

proposed site. The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in

table 4.29.

Table No. 4.29

Village Name

Demographic Pattern within the 5-km Radius of Site-IV

Distance from Population

site (km) (1991)

Lampur ~4 1,680 2,690

Bankaner ~4 10,852 17,376

Bhorgarh ~4 3,174 5,082

Kureni ~4 1,487 2,380.9

Razabpur kalan ~5 1,100 1761

Sanoth ~1 4,756 7,615

Ghoga ~2 4,357 6,976

Daryapur kalan ~5 4,616 7,391

Ochandi ~5 1,847 2,957

Bazirpur Thakran ~5 3,564 5,704

Nangal Thakran ~5 3,779 6,051

Sultanpur Dabaj ~4 4,997 8,001

Iradat Nagar ~3 3,175 5,083

Holambikhurg ~4 7,182 11,499

Holambikalan ~4 2,203 4,328

Khera Khurd ~5 2,107 3,373

Population (2001) based on

growth rate factor of 60.12%

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.107

Village Name Distance from

site (km)

Population

(1991)

Population (2001) based on

growth rate factor of 60.12%

Bawana ~1 7,182 11,500

Narela ~5 16,405 60,602

Put kurdh ~4 37,848 13,198

4.10 LAND USE (Figure 4.27, 4.28 & 4.29)

Back Ground

The land use studies, around 5 km radius area of the proposed sites located near

Wazirpur, Bawana and Gummenhera were undertaken by using visual image

interpretation of Remote Sensing Techniques with special reference to assessment

of this activity on its environment. Land comprises the physical environment

including the climate, physiography, relief, soils, hydrology and vegetation to the

extent it influences the potential land use. It also includes the past activities i.e.

clearance of vegetation for industries, habitation, rainfed or irrigated agriculture,

recreation, etc. and present status of degradation. On the other hand, the land cover

indicates the natural vegetation e.g. forest, scrub and grass land cover. Identification

and surveillance of land uses and vegetation cover together with net work of water

bodies-rivers, nalas, canals, tanks, reservoirs, human habitation, places of

archeological importance, etc. in the viscinity of such developmental activity are the

important components of the environment impact assessment accomplished through

this kind of land use study.

Land use/ Land Cover Mapping (5 km radius) Around Proposed Sites

Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site & Site IV: Bawana Old Site

Fig 4.26 shows landuse map within 5 Km radius from the potential site. The land use

statistics is presented in table 4.30 and Figure 4.30 depicts the distribution of

landuse pattern within 5 Km radius of the proposed site. Fig 4.30 shows the

dominance of agricultural ecosystem (64.8%) followed by built-up area (25%), waste

lands (8.9%), Forest (1.1%) and water bodies (0.2%) in decreasing order of extent.

Table 4.30 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius of proposed hazardous waste

disposal site in Bawana in industry relocation area.

Level I Area % Level II Area Sq. %

km.

1. Built-up area 19.47 25.0 Urban 0.23 00.3

Industrial 7.86 10.1

Residential 9.70 12.5

Village 1.68 2.1

Sub Total 19.47 25.0 Sub Total 19.47 25.0

2. Agricultural 64.8 Single cropped land 0.85 1.1

Double Cropped land 43.69 56.1

Fallow land 4.97 6.3

Plantation " 0.98 1.3

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.108

Level I Area % Level II Area Sq. %

km.

Sub Total 50.49 64.8 Sub Total 50.49 64.8

3. Forest 0.86 1.1 Dense 0.31 0.4

Open 0.31 0.4

Plantation 0.08 0.1

Degraded 0.16 0.2

Sub Total 0.86 1.1 Sub Total 0.86 1.1

4. Waste lands 6.92 8.9 Self affected lands

Uplands with scrub

2.33

2.57

3.0

3.3

Uplands without scrub 2.02 2.6

6.92 8.9 Sub Total 6.92 8.9

5. Water bodies 0.16 0.2 Tank 0.16 0.2

Sub Total 0.16 0.2 Sub Total 0.16 0.2

Total 77.90 100.0 Total 77.90 100.0

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.109

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.110

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.111

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.112

1%

9% 0%

25%

Built-up area

Agriculture

Forest

Wastelands

Waterbodies

65%

Fig. 4.30 Figure showing percentage distribution of areas under different major land

use categories, Bawana site, Delhi-39

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

Page No.113

Fig 4.27 depicts the landuse map within 5 Km radius from the proposed site. The

land use statistics is presented in table 4.31 and the land use map in Figure 4.27

reveals the dominance of industrial land use in the western part followed by

residential, etc. The pie diagram (Fig 4.31) at a glance presents the dominance of

different land uses in the study areas. The different landuse patterns of the study

area in decreasing order are built - up area (84.6%), Agriculture (3.6%), Forest

(5.4%), Wasteland (4.8%) and water bodies (1.6%).

Table 4.31 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius of proposed hazardous waste

disposal site near Wazirpur CETP

Level I Area % Level II Area %

1. Built-up area 68.16 84.6 Industrial area 3.54 4.4

Residential 12.97 16.1

Residential with green 44.65 55.4

Recreational / park 6.52 8.1

Open 0.48 0.6

Sub Total 68.16 84.6 Sub total 68.16 84.6

2. Agricultural Double Cropped 2.17 2.7

Fallow 0.72 0.9

Sub Total 2.89 3.6 Sub Total 2.89 3.6

3. Forest 4.34 5.40 Dense forest 1.37 1.7

Open forest 0.16 0.2

Blank / degraded 0.08 0.1

Scrub 2.57 3.2

Plantation 0.16 0.2

Sub Total 4.34 5.40 Sub Total 4.34 5.4

4. Waste lands 3.86 4.80 Marsh 2.17 2.7

Reclaimed Marsh 1.69 2.1

Sub Total 3.86 4.80 Sub Total 3.86 4.8

5. Water Bodies 1.29 1.60 Tanks / Reservoir 1.29 1.60

Sub Total 1.29 1.60 Sub total 1.29 1.60

Total 80.54 100.00 Total 80.54 100.00

Site III: Guman Hera

Fig 4.28 depicts the landuse map within 5 Km radius from the proposed site. The

land use statistics of Guman Hera Site is given in table 4.32 and figure 4.32 shows

a pie diagram to project percentage distribution of area under different land uses.The

different landuse patterns of the study area are agriculture (89.1%) wastelands

(5.2%), Built-up-area (2.7%) and water bodies (0.8%).

Table 4.32 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius area of proposed hazardous

waste site in village Guman Hera.

Level I Area % Level II Area Sq. %

km.

1. Built-up area 2.18 2.7 Village 2.18 2.7

Sub Total 2.18 2.7 Sub Total 2.18 2.7

2. Agriculture Double Cropped 69.81 86.3

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.114

Follow 2.18 2.7

Plantation 0.08 0.1

Sub Total 72.07 89.1 Sub Total 72.07 89.1

3. Forest 1.81 2.20 Open forest t t

Scrub land 1.65 2.00

Blank / degraded 0.16 0.20

Sub Total 1.81 2.20 Sub Total 1.81 2.20

4. Wasteland 4.20 5.20 Salt affected land 3.96 4.90

Marsh land 0.24 0.30

Sub Total 4.20 5.20 Sub Total 4.20 5.20

Water Bodies 0.64 0.80 Tank / Reservoir 0.64 0.80

Sub Total 0.64 0.80 Sub Total 0.64 0.80

Total 80.90 100.00 Total 80.90 100.00

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.115

4%

5%

5% 2%

Built-up area

Agriculture

Forest

Wastelands

84%

Waterbodies

Fig.4.31: Percentage distribution of areas under different major land use categories,

Wazirpur site, Delhi-52

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.116

2% 5% 1%

3%

Built-up area

Agriculture

Forest

Wastelands

Waterbodies

89%

Fig.4.32: Figure showing percentage distribution of areas under different

major land use categories, Gummanhera site, Delhi-43

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.11 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES

Page No.117

Site I: Bawana industry relocation site:

There is no monument within 10 Km radius from the proposed site.

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

There is no monument within 1 Km radius from the proposed site. However, there

are around 14 monuments of National importance within 10 Km radius from the

proposed site as given below in table 4.33.

Table 4.33: List of Monuments within 10 Km radius from Wazirpur CETP site

Sl. No.

Name of the Monument

1. Phool chadar near Najafgarh Jheel

2. Alipur Cemetry

3. Ashoka's Pillar

4. Chauburji at Ridge

5. D Erea Cemetry

6. Enclosure containing the grave of Ltd. Edwards &

others, murdered in 1857

7. Flag staff Tower

8. Old Baoli, West of Hindu Rao's House

9. Pirghaih at ridge

10. Punjabi Gate

11. Rajpur cemetry

12. Tripalin Gate

13. Gateway of Badli Ka Sarai

14. Sheesh Mahal

Source: Archeological Survey of India, Delhi Circle.

Site III: Guman Hera Site

There is only one monument beyond 5 km radius and within 10 km radius from the

proposed site i.e Palam Mosque as per ASI, Delhi Circle.

Site IV: Bawana Old site

There is no monument of National importance within 10 Km radius from the

proposed site.

According to the bylaws, stipulated by Archeological Survey of India, no

construction activity is allowed within 300 m from the boundary of the

monument.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.12 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN

Page No.118

Fig 4.33 and Fig 4.34 depicts the morpho - landuse and land suitability and land

capability map of NCT - Delhi. From these figures, it can be predicted that site I & IV

fall under transitional land zone because of high moisture content. The future

landuse plan for Bawana relocation industry area as planned by DSIDC is shown in

Fig 4.35. There is no landuse plan made for the proposed site.

Site II i.e. near Wazirpur CETP is a wasteland and no future landuse plan has been

made for it.

Site III near village Gumman Hera is a barren land. It falls under structurally sag

zone. The site is not suitable for developing as agriculture land. As of now no future

landuse plan has been made for the proposed site.

4.13 DISTANCE FROM AIRPORT

All the four proposed sites fall outside the air corridor and Director General of Civil

Aviation (DGCA) has no objection in developing these sites for Industrial hazardous

waste facility from aerodrome point of view. The No objection certificate from DGCA

is given in Annex IV.

4.14 ROAD LINKAGE

To have a proper development, accessibility and connectivity plays an important

role, therefore, adequate linkages is necessary. Fig 4.2, 4.5, 4.7 respectively shows

the major road networks around the proposed hazardous waste disposal sites.

The major linkages around the proposed sites are as follows:-

Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site

1. Delhi - Bawana road.

2. Bawana - Narela road

3. Proposed 60 feet wide road near the proposed site ( under construction)

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site

1. G. T. Road (NH 1)

2. NH 2

3. Ring road.

Site II: Gumman Hera site

1. Najafgarh - Guman Hera

2. Sikarpur - Guman Hera via Jhatikara

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.119

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.120

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.121

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

4.15 FOREST AREA

Page No.122

Only Bawana old site falls under protected forest area. Bawana Forest is about 1 km

from the proposed site. The other three sites do not fall under any notified forest

area.

4.16 NATURAL HAZARDS

Natural hazards comprises of flood, 4.36 shows the natural hazards in NCT- Delhi.

• Flood prone areas

There are two types of flood plain, one older flood plain and other newer flood plain

as shown in Fig 4.19. Older flood plain has erosional characteristics whereas newer

flood plain has depositional characteristic. The older flood plain of Yamuna is prone

to annual and periodic floods. The areas most affected are west of Shahadra in trans

Yamuna area and between Narela - Wazirabad and Redfort - Okhala barrage in the

cis Yamuna area. Fig 4.36 shows area prone to annual floods and areas prone to

occasional floods. None of the proposed sites fall under any of these flood plains.

• Water logged areas and other unstable lands

Fig 4.37 shows the seasonally/perennially water logged / tract in NCT- Delhi. Water

logging is a common phenomenon in the immediate vicinity of canal and large fluvial

features e.g. near Model Town, Adarsh Nagar etc. Fig 4.37 also shows zones having

saline brackish ground water, bad land, groundwater overdraft zones , etc. All the

four proposed sites fall outside these zones.

• Siesmicity

NCT of Delhi is categorised in the seismic zone IV as shown in Fig 4.38. Zone IV is

charaterised by a significantly high intensity of seismic activities. This class has a

fairly high probability of earthquake shocks measuring 5 - 6 on the richter scale, low

probability of shocks of 6 - 7 on the richter scale and, occasional occurrence of

shocks of 7 - 8 on the richter scale. Fig 4.39 shows the epicentre of few of the past

earthquake shocks occurred in NCT - Delhi.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.123

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.124

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.125

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.126

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.127

Chapter - 5

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE

DISPOSAL SITES

5.1 EVALUATION OF SITES

The pre-identified hazardous wastes disposal sites in NCT - Delhi have been

evaluated based on existing environmental settings and as per the criteria developed

by CPCB, MOEF and the criteria followed internationally. (refer Chapter 3 & 4)

All the features as described in all the criteria have been investigated with respect to

pre-identified four sites in NCT - Delhi. The evaluation of each site is given in Table

5.1 through 5.4.

Table 5.1: Evaluation of Bawana Relocation Industrial Site

Location of Site: Near Vinod Rice Mill, Holambi Kalan

Village

Sanoth

District

Sl. Criteria

No.

NCT - Delhi

CPCB criteria

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than

200 m from the site

2. A navigable river or stream shall be

more than 100 m away from the site

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood

plain of major rivers

4. Right of way of any National or State

highway shall be 500m away from the

site

Conformity

with the

criteria

(Y/N)

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 Y

meter away from the site

6. A public park shall be 500 meter

Y

away from site

7. No site shall be within critical habitat Y

area (like reserved forest)

8. No site shall be within wetlands Y

9. No site shall be within a zone notified Y #

by aviation authority around airport

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m

away from the site

Y

11. No site shall be within coastal

Y

regulation zone (closer than 500m

from high tide line as per MOEF

guideline)

Y

Remarks

Water supply source is

3 Km away

12. No site in areas of groundwater table Y As per CGWB,

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.128

Location of Site: Near Vinod Rice Mill, Holambi Kalan

Village

Sanoth

District

NCT - Delhi

Sl. Criteria

No.

less than 2 m below the base of the

landfill

13. The site shall be more than 25 Km

away from ecologically and or other

sensitive areas

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from high tide line

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from

flood plain or modified flood plain

affected by dam in the upstream or

by flood control systems

16. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from highway and railway

MOEF Guidelines

17. The site shall be 25 km away from

the projected growth boundary of the

settlement for atleast a decade.

Conformity

with the

criteria

(Y/N)

Criteria followed internationally

Y

18. The site shall not be existing or

planned drinking water protection and

catchment areas

19. The site shall not fall under Flood

prone areas

20. The site shall not fall within areas

with unstable ground

Remarks

groundwater level

around the site ranges

between 0.7 to 4.5 m

bgl. During geotechnical

investigation

of the site, groundwater

table was encountered

at 4.5 m bgl.

N There are more than 30

historical monuments of

national importance in

NCT - Delhi which will

fall within 25 km from

the site. In addition to

this protected /reserved

forests also fall within

this distance.

Y

N

Y

The site is adjacent to

60 m wide road (under

construction)

The present nearest

settlement (Holambi

Kalan) is about 1 Km

away from the site

having a population of

6312 as per 2001

census.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.129

Location of Site: Near Vinod Rice Mill, Holambi Kalan

Village

Sanoth

District

NCT - Delhi

Sl.

No.

Criteria

Conformity

with the

criteria

(Y/N)

21. The site shall be more than 300

Y

meter away from populated areas

22. No National Parks, Monuments, Y

Forests with large no. of flora and

fauna, Historical, Religious & other

important cultural places shall exist

within the site

23. The site shall not be close to airport

(as given in CPCB criteria)

Y #

Remarks

Closest village is 1 km

away

# As per DGCA, no person shall slaughter or flay any animal or deposit or drop any

rubbish, filth, garbage or any polluted or obnoxious matter including such material

from hotels, meat shops, fish shops and bone-processing mills which attracts or is

likely to attract vultures or any other birds and animals, within a radius of 10 Km

from the aerodrome reference point. For this site, DGCA has no objection for

developing it as hazardous waste disposal facility (NOC from DGCA is enclosed in

Annexure III).

Table 5.2: Evaluation of Wazirpur CETP Site

Location of Site: Near Wazirpur CETP

Village

Wazirpur

District

Sl.

No.

Criteria

NCT - Delhi

Confirmato

ry with the

criteria

(Y/N)

CPCB criteria

Remarks

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than

200 m from the site

2. A navigable river or stream shall be

more than 100 m away from the site

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood

plain of major rivers

4. Right of way of any National or State

highway shall be 500m away from the

site

Y

Stagnant pool of

water lies 750 m

away from the site

G.T road and Ring

road both are more

than 1 Km away. But

the site is within

500m from railway

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.130

Location of Site: Near Wazirpur CETP

Village

Wazirpur

District

NCT - Delhi

Sl.

No.

Criteria

Confirmato

ry with the

criteria

(Y/N)

Remarks

line

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 Y

meter away from site

6. A public park shall be 500 meter

away from site

Y

7. No site shall be within critical habitat Y

area (like reserved forest)

8. No site shall be within wetlands Y

Recreational /public

park is beyond 1 Km

9. No site shall be within a zone notified

by aviation authority around airport

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m

away from the site

11. No site shall be within coastal

regulation zone (closer than 500m

from high tide line as per MOEF

guideline)

12. No site in areas of groundwater table

less than 2 m below the base of the

landfill

MOEF Guidelines

Y #

Y

No Drinking water

souce within is 1 Km

distance from site.

Municipal water

supply is provided to

the residents.

As per CGWB,

groundwater level

fluctuates between 13

and 15 m bgl from

post to pre-monsoon

season

13. The site shall be more than 25 Km

away from ecologically and or other

sensitive areas

N

There are more than

30 historical

monuments of

national importance in

NCT - Delhi which will

fall within 25 km from

the site. In addition to

this protected

/reserved forests also

fall within this

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.131

Location of Site: Near Wazirpur CETP

Village

Wazirpur

District

NCT - Delhi

Sl.

No.

Criteria

Confirmato

ry with the

criteria

(Y/N)

Remarks

distance.

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from high tide line

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from

flood plain or modified flood plain

affected by dam in the upstream or

by flood control systems

16. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from highway and railway

17. The site shall be 25 km away from

the projected growth boundary of the

settlement for (atleast a decade)

N

Criteria followed internationally

Y

N

The Azadpur railway

line is within 500 m

distance from the site.

Present settlement (J.

J. Cluster) almost

encroaches the site.

18. The site shall not be existing or

planned drinking water protection and

catchment areas

19. The site shall not fall under Flood

prone areas

20. The site shall not fall within areas

with unstable ground

21. The site shall be more than 300

meter away from populated areas

22. No National Parks, Monuments,

Forests with large no. of flora and

fauna, Historical, Religious & other

important cultural places shall exist

within the site

23. The site shall not be close to airport

(as given in CPCB criteria)

# As given in the foot note of table 5.1

Table 5.3: Evaluation of Guman Hera Site

Y

N

Y

Y #

Location of Site: Near Gooshalla run by Guru Chaya Maharaj

Village

Guman Hera

Site is encroached by

J J clusters

Nearest monument is

more than 1000 m

away

District

NCT - Delhi

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.132

Sl.

No.

Criteria

CPCB criteria

Answer

(Y/N)

Remarks

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than 200 m

from the site

2. A navigable river or stream shall be more Y

than 100 m away from the site

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood plain of Y

major rivers

4. Right of way of any National or State

Y

highway shall be 500m away from the site

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 meter Y

away from site

6. A public park shall be 500 meter away from Y

site

7. No site shall within critical habitat area (like Y

reserved forest)

8. No site shall within wetlands Y

Y

Man-made

depression having

stagnant pool of

water is there within

the site.

9. No site shall be within a zone notified by

aviation authority around airport

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m away from

the site

11. No site shall within coastal regulation zone

(closer than 500m from high tide line as per

MOEF guideline)

12. No site in areas of groundwater table less

than 2 m below the base of the landfill

Y #

Y

No drinking water

source is located

within 1000 m radius.

The groundwater

which is saline and

hard is being used

for irrigation purpose.

As per CGWB,

groundwater level is

4.5 m bgl (April,

2002). However,

freshwater is

available beyond 35 -

40 m bgl

MOEF Guidelines

13. The site shall be more than 25 Km away

from ecologically and or other sensitive

areas

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

N

There are more than

30 historical

monuments of

Page No.133

Location of Site: Near Gooshalla run by Guru Chaya Maharaj

Village

Guman Hera

District

Sl.

No.

Criteria

NCT - Delhi

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km from

high tide line

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from flood

plain or modified flood plain affected by dam

in the upstream or by flood control systems

16. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km from

highway and railway

17. The site shall be 25 km away from the

projected growth boundary of the settlement

for (atleast a decade)

Answer

(Y/N)

Criteria followed internationally

Y

N

Remarks

national importance

in NCT - Delhi which

will fall within 25 km

from the site. In

addition to this

protected /reserved

forests also fall

within this distance.

The present nearest

settlement is village

Guman hera is 1 km

away from the site

having a population

of 5068 as per 2001

census.

18. The site shall not be existing or planned

drinking water protection and catchment

areas

19. The site shall not fall under Flood prone

areas

20. The site shall not fall within areas with

unstable ground

21. The site shall be more than 300 meter away

from populated areas

22. No National Parks, Monuments, Forests

with large no. of flora and fauna, Historical,

Religious & other important cultural places

shall exist within the site

23. The site shall not be close to airport (as

given in CPCB criteria)

# As given in the foot note of table 5.1.

Y

Y Closest village is 1

km away

Y

Y #

Table 5.4:

EVALUATION OF BAWANA OLD SITE

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.134

Location of Site: Opposite to a CRPF campus, right of Bawana - Narela road

Village

Bawana

District

NCT - Delhi

Sl.

No.

Criteria

Conformity

with the

criteria

(Y/N)

CPCB criteria

Remarks

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than

200 m from the site

2. A navigable river or stream shall be

more than 100 m away from the site

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood

plain of major rivers

4. Right of way of any National or State

highway shall be 500m away from the

site

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500

meter away from site

6. A public park shall be 500 meter

away from site

7. No site shall be within critical habitat

area (like reserved forest)

8. No site shall be within wetlands Y

Y

Western Yamuna canal

flowing adjacent to site

is more than 100 m

away from the site.

Falls under protected

forest area an Bawana

forest is 1 km away.

9. No site shall be within a zone notified

by aviation authority around airport

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m

away from the site

11. No site shall be within coastal

regulation zone (closer than 500m

from high tide line as per MOEF

guideline)

12. No site in areas of groundwater table

less than 2 m below the base of the

landfill

MOEF Guidelines

Y #

Y

The nearest drinking

water source is in

village Sanoth which is

1 km away.

As per CGWB,

groundwater level

ranges between 0.7 to

4.5 m bgl.

13. The site shall be more than 25 Km

away from ecologically and or other

sensitive areas

N There are more than 30

historical monuments of

national importance in

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.135

Location of Site: Opposite to a CRPF campus, right of Bawana - Narela road

Village

District

Sl.

No.

Criteria

Bawana

NCT - Delhi

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from high tide line

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from

flood plain or modified flood plain

affected by dam in the upstream or

by flood control systems

16. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km

from highway and railway

17. The site shall be 25 km away from

the projected growth boundary of the

settlement for (atleast a decade)

Conformity

with the

criteria

(Y/N)

Criteria followed internationally

18. The site shall not be existing or

planned drinking water protection and

catchment areas

19. The site shall not fall under Flood

prone areas

20. The site shall not fall within areas

with unstable ground

21. The site shall be more than 300

meter away from populated areas

22. No National Parks, Monuments,

Forests with large no. of flora and

fauna, Historical, Religious & other

important cultural places shall exist

within the site

23. The site shall not be close to airport

(as given in CPCB criteria)

# As given in the footnote of table 5.1

Y

N

Y

N

Y #

Remarks

NCT - Delhi which will

fall within 25 km from

the site. Inaddition to

this protected /reserved

forests also fall within

this distance.

The site is at about

500m distance from

Narela - Bawana road

The nearest present

settlement is Bawana

village is 1 Km away

having a population of

11500.

Closest village is 1 km

away

The site falls under

protected forest area

and Bawana Forest is 1

Km away.

The above evaluation of sites w.r.t CPCB, MOEF and internationally followed

locational criteria is summarised in the table 5.5 given below:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.136

Table 5.5: Summarised evaluation of Sites (Locational Criteria)

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline International

Criteria

Bawana

relocation

al

industrial

site

Conforms to

all

Conforms to all

Wazirpur

CETP site

Old

Bawana

site

Guman

Hera site

Conforms

all

Conforms

all

to

Conforms to

all

Does not conform to -

• The site shall be more than 25

Km away from ecologically and

or other sensitive areas

• The site shall be 25 km away

from the projected growth

boundary of the settlement for

(atleast a decade)

• 1/2 km away from railway line

or highway

• The site shall be more than 25

Km away from ecologically and

or other sensitive areas

• The site shall be 25 km away

from the projected growth

boundary of the settlement for

(atleast a decade)

Conforms to all

Conforms to all .

Conforms to all

5.3 DETAILED SITE INVESTIGATION

5.3.1 Site Investigation

The detailed site investigations were carried out as per requirement of CPCB and

MOEF with respect to the relevant parameters for all the three sites mentioned

above.

Primary Source data

Preliminary field visits were carried out to assess the suitability of sites for detailed

investigation. Subsequently detailed investigation of sites were carried out as follows:

• Landuse Plan: Landuse/Landcover maps within 5-Km radius from the proposed

sites were prepared using remote sensing method based on satellite data of IRS

- ID LISS III and confirmed with ground truthing.

• Geotechnical investigation: At each site, to a depth of 20m below the ground

surface 100 - 150 mm diameter bore hole was drilled using shell and auger

method. Undisturbed/disturbed soil samples were collected and analysed for

following: (i) soil type and stratification; (ii) permeability of each strata, (iii)

strength and compressibility parameters (optional)-, (iv) ground water level and

quality and (v) depth to bedrock.

• Ambient air monitoring/Noise monitoring: Ambient air monitoring (SPM, SOx,

NOx level) was carried out at the proposed sites during February - March, 2002.

Noise levels during day and night at the site were also monitored.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.137

• Groundwater/surface water monitoring: Surface water from different streams,

canals, major drains falling within 5 km radius from the site were collected and

analysed in the laboratory for pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Heavy metals, TDS, F - .

Groundwater samples were collected from dug wells, handpumps, tube wells

from different locations within 5 km radius from the proposed site. The

groundwater samples were also analysed for the above mentioned parameters.

Also results of surface water/ groundwater monitoring done at different locations in

NCT - Delhi by other agencies like SIMA Laboratory, CPCB/CGWB were compared.

Secondary Source data:

These data were collected from various Government departments/agencies:

• Topography

• Soils

• Transportation routes

• Water use Plan

• Groundwater

• Geology

• Flood plains

• Wind direction & velocity

5.3.2 Ranking of Proposed Sites

Proposed sites were ranked on the basis of the ranking system stipulated by MOEF

(1991) and given in table 5.6 through 5.9. Similarly, the evaluation of sites as per

the criteria adapted by NPC followed internationally is given in table 5.10 through

5.13.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.138

Table 5.6: Evaluation of Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site

Attribute

Measurement

Sensitivity Weightag

Index * e

Attribut

e Score

Remark

Population within 500

meters

Receptor Related

Scarcely

populated, > 100

The nearest village (Holambi Kalan) is

at 1 km distance from the site

0.25 80 20

Distance to nearest

drinking water well Approx 3000 m 0.5 60 30

Use of site by nearby

The site is at present under the

residents

ownership of Commissioner of

Not used 0 50 0industries.

Distance to nearest off

Nearest off site building is Vinod Rice

site building 1000 m 0.6 40 24Mill

Presence of major

transportation route Road 0.5 30 15

Land use/zoning Industrial 0.5 30 15The site falls within DSIDC Udyog Vihar.

Critical environments Pristine natural

This is not a critical environment for any

environment for

endangered or threatened species.

birds 0.25 30 7.5

Subtotal 320 112

Distance to nearest

surface water

Depth to ground water

Type of contamination

Precipitation

effectiveness index (PEI)

**

Soil permeability

Bedrock permeability

Depth to bedrock

Pathway Related 0

The nearest surface water body is

Bawana escape/Ghoga drain which also

forms the drainage system for the whole

region lies adjacent to the site. Western

Yamuna canal is 3 -4 km from the

< 500 m 1 55 55proposed site.

As per the CGWB comments on the

site, the ground water table in and

around the site varies from 0.75 to 4.5.

During the geotechnical investigation at

the site ( Feb, 2002), GW table was

< 5 m 1 45 45observed at 4.5 m bgl

No

No contaminationis observed in

contamination

groundwater/surface water sample/soil

0 45 0sample.

Climate of NCT-Delhi is semi arid. PEI

for semi arid climate is in the range of

16 to 31. For worst case PEI of 31 is

31 0.25 25 6.25considered.

< 15 % clay 0.85 25

The clay % in first 10 m bgl subsoil

varies from 0 to 17 and thereafter it

21.3increases. The max. clay % is 31.

Quartzite rock is most prevalent bedrock

0 0 20 0in NCT - Delhi.

The depth to bedrock at the site is

> 300 m 0 20 0beyond 300 m bgl.

Susceptibility to erosion &

run-off Slight/potential 0.25 15 3.75

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.139

Climatic features with

respect to Air pollution

The wind speeds are high in this region

( 9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and

No problem 0 15

mid-monsoon and are associated with

higher mixing heights thereby providing

0high dispersion.

Susceptibility to seismic Moderately high

Zone IV having seismic Intensity in the

activity

0.75 15 11.3order of VIII.

Subtotal 280 143

Waste Characteristics Related 0

Toxicity

Mostly ETP sludge generated from

Sax level 1 0.25 50 12.5metal finishing industries.

Radioactivity Not radioactive 0 30 0

Persistence Metals 1 30 30

Ignitability No ignitable 0 20 0

Reactivity

Stable and

reacts very

slowly 0.25 20 5

Corrosivity pH of 6 - 8 0.25 20 5

Solubility Slightly soluble 0.5 20 10

Volatility Least volatile 0.25 15 3.75

Physical state Solid/sludge 0.25 15 3.75

Subtotal 220 70

Waste Management Practice Related

Hazardous waste

quantity/ annum

Waste Incompatibility

> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45

50 MT per annum.

Hazardous

waste 0.25 30 7.5

Co-disposal with

Municipal wastes Non degradable 1 25 25

Use of liners Composite liner 0.25 20 5

Incineration with off-gas

cleaning

Leachate Treatment

Site Security

No incineration

of waste 0 20 0

Complete

collection &

treatment 0.25 20 5

Secure fence

with lock 0.25 10 2.5

0

The total quantity of hazardous waste

generated from approved industrial

estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx.

Safety measures Adequate 0.25 10 2.5

Subtotal 180 92.5

Total 1000 417

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 (in a segment of 0.0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75 & 0.75 - 1.0) for each

parameter as given in MOEF guideline (Refer table 3.1). Higher value of SI indicates higher potential hazard.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.140

Table 5.7: Evaluation of Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Attribute

Measurement

Sensitivity Weightag

Index * e

Attribute Remark

Score

Receptor Related

Population within 500

meters

Distance to nearest

drinking water well

Use of site by nearby

residents

Distance to nearest off

site building

Presence of major

transportation route

> 1000 0.75 80 60 J. J. cluster is almosted encroaching the

site

beyond 1 km 0.5 60 30 There is no drinking water well within 1

km radius. Drinking water is supplied to

the residents by the municipality

Not used 0 50 0 The site is under the ownership of

Commisioner of Industries.

300m 0 20 0 The depth to bedrock at the site is beyond

200 m bgl.

Susceptibility to

erosion & run-off

No erosion 0 15 0

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.141

Climatic features with

respect to Air pollution

Susceptibility to

seismic activity

No problem 0 15 0 The wind speeds are high in this region (

9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and midmonsoon

and are associated with higher

mixing heights thereby providing high

dispersion.

Moderately high 0.75 15 11.25

Subtotal 280 93

Waste Characteristics Related 0

Toxicity Sax level 1 0.25 50 12.5 Mostly ETP sludge generated from metal

finishing industries.

Radioactivity Not radioactive 0 30 0

Persistence Metals 1 30 30

Ignitability No ignitable 0 20 0

Reactivity

Stable and

reacts very

slowly

0.25 20 5

Corrosivity pH of 6 - 8 0.25 20 5

Solubility Slightly soluble 0.5 20 10

Volatility Least volatile 0.25 15 3.75

Physical state Solid/sludge 0.25 15 3.75

Subtotal 220 70

Waste Management Practice Related 0

Hazardous waste

quantity/ annum

> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45 The total quantity of hazardous waste

generated from approved industrial

estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx. 50

MT per annum.

Waste Incompatibility Hazardous 0.25 30 7.5

Co-disposal with

Municipal wastes

waste

Non degradable 1 25 25

Use of liners Composite liner 0.25 20 5

Incineration with offgas

cleaning

Leachate Treatment

Site Security

No incineration

of waste

Complete

collection &

treatment

Secured fence

with lock

0 20 0

0.25 20 5

0.25 10 2.5

Safety measures Adequate 0.25 10 2.5

Subtotal 180 92.5

Total 1000 405.5

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 (in a segment of 0.0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75 & 0.75 - 1.0) for each

parameter as given in MOEF guideline (Refer table 3.1). Higher value of SI indicates higher potential hazard.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.142

Table 5.8: Evaluation of Site III near village Guman Hera

Attribute

Attribute Sensitivity

Measurement Index *

Weightag

e

Attribute Remark

Score

Population within

500 meters

Distance to nearest

drinking water well

Receptor Related

Nearest village GumanHera is 1 Km

away. However, a "Gooshalla" (Cow

shelter) is located adjacent to the site

but does not have permanent

0 0 80 0inhabitants.

1 Km 0.6 60

The nearest drinking water well is

located in village Guman Hera which is

361 km away.

The site is under the ownership of MCD.

Use of site by

nearby residents No use 0 50 0

Distance to nearest

off site building

approx.

The nearest building is that of a scholl

1000m 0.6 40 24located at 1 km from the site.

Presence of major

transportation route Road 0.5 30 15

Land use/zoning Agriculture 0.25 30 7.5

Critical

environments

Not a critical

environment 0 30

The site is not a critical environemnt for

0endangered species.

Subtotal 320 82.5

Pathway Related

Distance to nearest

surface water

Nearest surface water body is Najafgarh

drain which is within 500m from the

Depth to ground

water

Type of

contamination

> 500m 0.75 55 41.25boundary of the site.

4.5 m 0.75 45

6.5 m bgl.

33.75

No

contamination 0 45 0

As per the CGWB comments on the site,

the ground water table in and around the

site is 4.5 m bgl. However, during the

geotechnical investigation at the site (

Feb, 2002), GW table was observed at

Precipitation

effectiveness index *

Climate of NCT-Delhi is semi arid. PEI

for semi arid climate is in the range of 16

31 0.25 25 6.25to 31.

Soil permeability

The clay% varies from 0 to 13 in the

0 - 15% 0.9 25 22.5subsoil upto a depth of 20 m bgl.

Bedrock

permeability 0 0 20

Quartzite rock is most prevalent bedrock

0in NCT - Delhi.

Depth to bedrock

The depth to bedrock at the site is

> 300m 0 20 0beyond 300 m bgl.

Susceptibility to

erosion & run-off No erosion 0 15 0

Climatic features

with respect to Air

pollution

Susceptibility to

seismic activity

No problem 0 15

high dispersion.

0

Moderately

high 0.75 15 11.25

The wind speeds are high in this region

( 9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and

mid-monsoon and are associated with

higher mixing heights thereby providing

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.143

Subtotal 280 115

Waste Characteristics Related

Toxicity

Mostly ETP sludge generated from

0.25 50 12.5metal finishing industries.

Radioactivity Not

radioactive 0 30 0

Persistence Metals 1 30 30

Ignitability No ignitable 0 20 0

Reactivity

Stable and

reacts very

slowly 0.25 20 5

Corrosivity pH of 6 - 8 0.25 20 5

Solubility

Slightly soluble

0.5 20 10

Volatility Least volatile 0.25 15 3.75

Physical state Solid/sludge 0.25 15 3.75

Subtotal 220 70

Waste Management Practice Related

Hazardous waste

quantity/ annum

The total quantity of hazardous waste

generated from approved industrial

estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx.

50 MT per annum.

Waste

Incompatibility

Co-disposal with

Municipal wastes

Use of liners

Incineration with offgas

cleaning

> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45

Hazardous

waste 0.25 30 7.5

Non

degradable 1 25 25

Composite

liner 0.25 20 5

No

incineration of

waste 0 20 0

Leachate Treatment Complete

collection &

treatment 0.25 20 5

Site Security

Secure fence

with lock 0.25 10 2.5

Safety measures Adequate 0.25 10 2.5

Subtotal 180 92.5

Total 1000 360

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 (in a segment of 0.0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75 & 0.75 - 1.0) for each

parameter as given in MOEF guideline (Refer table 3.1). Higher value of SI indicates higher potential hazard.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.144

Attribute

Population within 500

meters

Distance to nearest

drinking water well

Use of site by nearby

residents

Distance to nearest

off site building

Attribute

Measurement

Table 5.9: Evaluation of Site-IV: Old Bawana Site

Sensitivity

Index *

Weightage

Attribute

Score

Remark

Receptor Related

There is a CRPF

campus within 500 m

from the site whose

population has been

estimated to be around

100. The nearest

village Bawana, Sanoth

are more than 1 Km

100 0.25 80 20away.

The nearest drinking

water well is located

within the CRPF

< 1000m 0.875 60 52.5campus.

occasional 0.25 50

Site is used for grazing

of animals and part of it

used by villagers for

12.5farming

The nearrest of site

building is that of a

within 1000m 0.75 40 30CRPF campus.

Presence of major

transportation route Road 0.5 30 15

Land use/zoning Protected Forest

0.75 30

As per Conservator of

Forest, West Division,

the site is under

protected Forest area

though there have

been successful

plantations by the

forest officials in that

area. Also part of the

22.5area is salt effected.

Critical environments Preserved area

A herd of small deer

0.75 30

like animals called

Rodh and neelghai

were observed by local

22.5inhabitants in the site

Subtotal 320 175

Pathway Related

Distance to nearest

surface water

Western Yamuna canal

approx. 500 m from the

< 500m 0.75 55 41.25proposed site.

Depth to ground

water

< 5 m 1 45

There is availability of

fresh water in this zone

due to groundwater

recharge by western

Yamuna canal. The

groundwater ia

available at a depth

45between 0 to 4.5 m bgl.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.145

Type of

Soil contamination

There is deposition of

contamination

salt on one half of the

0.25 45 11.25site.

Precipitation

effectiveness index *

Climate of NCT-Delhi is

semi arid. PEI for semi

31 0.25 25

arid climate is in the

6.25range of 16 to 31.

Soil permeability

The clay% in the

0 - 15% clay 0.85 25

subsoil in the site

21.25varies from 2 - 7.

Bedrock permeability

Quartzite rock is most

0 0 20

prevalent bedrock in

0NCT - Delhi.

Depth to bedrock

The depth to bedrock

0 0 20

at the site is beyond

0300 m bgl.

Susceptibility to

erosion & run-off No erosion 0 15 0

Climatic features with

respect to Air

pollution

Susceptibility to

seismic activity

The wind speeds are

high in this region ( 9.9

- 13.7 kmph) during

summer and midmonsoon

and are

associated with higher

mixing heights thereby

providing high

No problem 0 15 0dispersion.

Moderately high

0.75 15 11.25

Subtotal 280 136.25

Waste Characteristics Related

Toxicity

Mostly ETP sludge

0.25 50

generated from metal

12.5finishing industries.

Radioactivity Not radioactive 0 30 0

Persistence Metals 1 30 30

Ignitability No ignitable 0 20 0

Reactivity

Stable and reacts

very slowly

0.25 20 5

Corrosivity pH of 6 - 8 0.25 20 5

Solubility Slightly soluble 0.5 20 10

Volatility Least volatile 0.25 15 3.75

Physical state Solid/sludge 0.25 15 3.75

Subtotal 220 70

Waste Management Practice Related

Hazardous waste

quantity/ annum

The total quantity of

hazardous waste

> 2000 tonnes 1 45

generated from

approved industrial

estates/areas in NCT -

Delhi is approx. 50 MT

45per annum.

Waste Incompatibility Hazardous waste

0.25 30 7.5

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.146

Co-disposal with Non degradable

Municipal wastes

1 25 25

Use of liners Composite liner 0.25 20 5

Incineration with offgas

cleaning

No incineration of

waste

0 20 0

Leachate Treatment Complete collection &

treatment 0.25 20 5

Site Security Secure fence with

lock 0.25 10 2.5

Safety measures Adequate 0.25 10 2.5

Subtotal 180 92.5

Total 1000 473.75

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 for each parameter as given in MOEF guideline. Higher value of SI

indicates higher potential hazard.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.127

Table 5.10: Evaluation of Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site

Sl. No. Criteria

Relative value (A)

Weightag

e (C)

Evaluation

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C)

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad

1 General Information 25

Remarks

1.1 Transportation

economy

High Low 7 4 28 The site is within proposed relocation industrial

site. Few industrial areas are within 15 Km

distance, others like Okhla Industrial area, etc

are around 25 - 30 Km away.

1.2 Slope percent -I

1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 2 6 The site has a lower elevation compared to its

surrounding due to constructional activities

ongoing around the site

1.5 Optimum wind

direction (down

stream village in

Km)

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1

Page No.128

2.1.1 Distance from

surface water body

(m)

2.1.2 Annual Rainfall

(cm/yr)

2.2 Hydro-geological

features:

2.2.1 Groundwater depth

(m)

2.2.2 Groundwater flow

direction (distance

to D/S Village)

2.2.3 Groundwater quality

2.2.4 Groundwater

gradient (m/km)

2.3 Geological features:

2.3.2 Depth to bed rock

(m)

2.3.3 Seismic conditions

(Intensity)

2.4 Geo-technical

features:

2.4.1 Permeability (1 x 10-1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 100 8 3 24 The permeability of top 4m subsoil ranges from

4.4 x 10-6 to 6.7 x 10-7 cm/sec.

0

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.129

3 Socio-

Economic/Ecologica

l

3.1 Demography Low High 7 4 28 The nearest village Holambi Kalan is 1 Km away

having a population 6312 as per 2001 census.

Other settlements are far away located.

3.2 Land use pattern

3.2.1 Existing Waste Land Grazing/Fallo

w

3.2.2 Future No Plan for

developmen

t

3.3 Transportation

impact

3.4 Special ecological

features within

300m

Single

crop

Double

crop

25

Plantation 4 4 16 The site is at present a wasteland.

Within

developmen

t plan

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for the

site by DSIDC.

Low High 5 3 15 The waste from different Industrial Estates will

be transported via major state and national

highways viz NH-1, 2, Bawana - Delhi road and

Bawana -Narela road, etc will pass through

several residential colonies in urban as well as

rural area of NCT - Delhi.

No Yes 5 4 20 There is no special ecological features like

monuments of national importance or

recreational parks within 5 Km radius from the

site

Total 100 322

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.130

Table 5.11: Evaluation of Site I: Wazirpur CETP Site

Sl. No. Criteria

Relative value (A)

Weightag

e (C)

Evaluation

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C)

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad

1 General Information 25

1.1 Transportation

economy

Remarks

High Low 7 5 35 The site is nearest to the major hazardous

waste generating industrial estate (IE) viz,

Wazirpur industrial estate. Most of the

other IEs are within 10 -15 Km distance.

1.2 Slope percent -I

1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 4 12 The site is mostly flat land.

1.5 Optimum wind

direction (down

stream village in Km)

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50

Page No.131

2.2 Hydro-geological

features:

2.2.1 Groundwater depth

(m)

2.2.2 Groundwater flow

direction (distance to

D/S Village)

2.2.3 Groundwater quality

2.2.4 Groundwater

gradient (m/km)

2.3 Geological features:

2.3.2 Depth to bed rock

(m)

2.3.3 Seismic conditions

(Intensity)

2.4 Geo-technical

features:

2.4.1 Permeability (1 x 10-

6 cm/s)

>15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1

Page No.132

3.2.1 Existing Waste Land Grazing/Fallo

w

3.2.2 Future No Plan for

developmen

t

Single

crop

Double

crop

Plantation 4 4 16 The site is at present a wasteland.

Within

developmen

t plan

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for

the site by DSIDC.

3.3 Transportation

impact

3.4 Special ecological

features within 300m

Low High 5 1 5 The waste from different Industrial Estates

will be transported via highly populated

settlement areas as the site falls within the

urban block.

No Yes 5 3 15 There are monuments of national

importance, recreational parks beyond 1

km but within 5 km radius.

Total 100 332

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.133

Table 5.12: Evaluation of Site I: Guman Hera Site

Sl. No. Criteria

Relative value (A)

Weightag Evaluation Remarks

e (C)

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C)

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad

1 General Information 25

1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7 2 14 The site is around 30 - 40 km from major

industrial estates

1.2 Slope percent -I

1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 4 12 The site is mostly flat land.

1.5 Optimum wind direction

(down stream village in

Km)

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50

Page No.134

2.2.1 Groundwater depth (m) >15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1

Page No.135

3.2.2 Future No Plan for

developmen

t

Within

developmen

t plan

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for the

site by DSIDC.

3.3 Transportation impact Low High 5 2 10 The waste from different Industrial Estates will

be transported via highly populated

settlement areas as the site falls within the

urban block.

3.4 Special ecological

features within 300m

No Yes 5 5 25 Palam Mosque is the only monument of

national importance which is beyond 5 km

radius

Total 100 347

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.136

Table 5.13: Evaluation of Site I: Old Bawana Site

Sl. No. Criteria

Relative value (A)

Weightage Evaluation Remarks

(C)

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C)

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad

1 General Information 25

1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7 4 28 Only few industrial areas are within 15 Km

distance, most of the Industrial area are

around 25 - 30 Km away.

1.2 Slope percent -I

1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15

The site is flat terrain having a slope

between 3 - 5%.

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 5 15 The site has a convex topography.

1.5 Optimum wind direction >1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50

Page No.137

2.2.1 Groundwater depth (m) >15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1

Page No.138

3.2.2 Future No Plan for

developmen

t

Within

development

plan

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for

the site by DSIDC.

3.3 Transportation impact Low High 5 3 15 The waste from different Industrial Estates

will be transported via major state and

national highways viz NH-1, 2, Bawana -

Delhi road and Bawana -Narela road, etc

will pass through several residential

colonies in urban as well as rural area of

NCT - Delhi.

3.4 Special ecological

features within 300m

No Yes 5 2 10 The site is a protected forest. Some

endangerd species like Rodh (small deer

like animals), Neelghai have been

observed.

Total 100 320

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.165

The scores obtained by all the proposed sites as per the evaluation criteria

mentioned above are as given below:

As per MOEF Ranking system As per the criteria

adapted by NPC

Sensitivity Rank Score Rank

Index

Site I 417 III 322 III

Site II 406 II 339 II

Site III 360 I 347 I

Site IV 474 IV 320 IV

As per MOEF criteria, the site with more score poses more risks to human health

and environment. The hazard potential of the site is as follows depending upon the

score:

Overall Score

Generalised level of Potential Hazard

750 - 1000 Very High

600 - 750 High

450 - 600 Moderate

300 - 450 Low

Less than 300

Very low

Development of SLF at Site I, II & III exhibit low potential hazard where as at Site IV,

it is moderate hazard. Site III has minimum sensitivity index, therefore is the most

suitable site.

For a site to be selected (under the criteria adapted by NPC followed

internationally), it should have a minimum score of 300. A site with a score of 400 is

ideal. All the sites have scored more than 300. But Site III has the highest score, is

therefore the most suitable site.

The ranking order of the four sites as per MOEF criteria and criteria adapted by NPC

and used internationally is similar. Site III has been ranked 1 as per MOEF criteria as

well as criteria adapted by NPC. Therefore Site III is recommended for

development of SLF for disposal of hazardous waste.

5.3.4 Conclusions & Recommendation

All the four sites were evaluated as per CPCB, MOEF ranking system and

International criteria. Some of the positive and negative attributes for each site are as

given below:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.166

Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Area

Area available: 6 hectares

Major Negative attributes

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

This site falls within the groundwater recharge zone of western Yamuna canal.

The groundwater water table varies from 0.75 to 4.5 m bgl. There is fresh

water aquifer available at 30 - 40 m bgl This poses the risk of potential

groundwater contamination.

It is located 15 - 25 Km away from the major waste generating industrial

estates. Therefore cost of transportation of waste would be high.

Permeability of sub soil ( upto 4 m) ranges from 4.1 x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec

which is comparatively high.

A High power tension line passes over the site. This limits the height of the

landfill and thereby reduces the life of the landfill facility. Also required

permission have to be obtained from DVB/Power grid Corpn. for development

of the landfill facility.

The area available is sufficient for development of landfill facility for 3 years.

The site is adjacent to 60m wide highway (under construction).

Major positive attributes

(i) The site is located in the proposed Bawana relocational industrial complex. It

is located away from the major settlements in the region. Thus posing low impact on

human beings.

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site

Area available: 1.3 Hectares

Major Negative attributes

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

The site is located within a very thickly populated area.

The total area of the site is too small. It is sufficient for developing a landfill

facility of 1 year life.

The site is within 500 m from railway line.

Permeability of soil is comparatively high (1.8 x 10 -4 to 8.3 x 10 -7 cm/sec).

Major Positive attributes

(v)

The groundwater is available below 13.5 m bgl. The groundwater quality is

saline and has hardness exceeding the drinking water standards.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.167

Site III: Guman Hera Site

Area available: 56 Hectares

Major Negative attributes

(i)

(ii)

The site is located at 30 -40 Km away from major industrial estates which will

increase transportation cost.

Permeability of sub soil is high (4.5 x 10- 4 to 6.3 x 10- 6 cm/sec)

Major Positive attributes

(i)

(iii)

(iv)

Area available is large enough for developing a facility for more than 20 years

The site is far away located from major settlements in the region.

The fresh water is available below 30 - 40 m bgl.

Site IV: Old Bawana Site

Area available: 60 Hectares

Major Negative attributes

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

The site is under protected Forest land. Hence, cannot be considered.

The site is in groundwater recharge zone by western Yamuna canal. Also it

has shallow groundwater table.

The site is within 500m from Bawana - Narela road.

Permeability of the soil is comparatively high ( 5.1 to 32.4 x 10 -7 cm/sec).

Major positive attribute

(i) The site has sufficient land area for developing a landfill facility for more than

20 years (stockpile design has to be adopted because of shallow groundwater table)

Based on the MOEF ranking system and International evaluation criteria, Site III i.e

Guman hera site has been found most suitable and is therefore recommended

for development of landfill facility. The second best site is site II that can be

developed for only 1 year.

However, due to non-consideration of the environmental impacts in the planning

aspects of the sites there may be some existing environmental impacts due to the

process. These environmental impacts will be mitigated through implementation of

proposed Environmental Management Plan and mitigation measures.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.168

Chapter-6

CONCEPTUALISED PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE

DISPOSAL FACILITY

6.1 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF SECURED LANDFILL FACILITY

(SLF)

Based on the findings of the EIA studies, the site near village Guman Hera has been

recommended for developing it as SLF for disposal of hazardous waste. The

conceptual design of SLF is proposed based on the inventorisation of hazardous

wastes generated from the industrial units located in 28 approved industrial estates/

areas of Delhi carried out by NPC in the year 2001 as per the Hazardous Waste

(Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000. A schematic layout of the

proposed facility is given in figure 6.1.

6.1.1 Design Basis for SLF

Total quantity of landfill disposable HW

= 87,000 m 3 /annum

=.96,250 tons/annum

The following basis has been considered for the design of the secured landfill

facility:

1. Quantity of HW expected after 20 years = 23,25,258 tons

(At the annual growth rate of 2 %)

2. Bulk density of the solid waste = 1.1 T/ m 3 (Compacted)

3. Volume of waste = 21,13,871 m 3

4. Tentative Bottom Slope (Traverse) = 3 %

5. Bottom Slope (Longitudinal) = 1.5 %

6. Side slope (inner) = 1:2 (V:H)

7. Side slope (outer) = 1:3 (V:H)

8. Landfill area (10 % excess for Buffer Zone) = 2,63,505 m 2 (26.35 ha)

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.169

9. Landfill height = 10 m (8m

above GL & 2m below GL)

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.170

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.171

6.1.2 Landfill Liner System and Specifications

As the site falls in the region where subsoil is permeable and water table is 2.5

m beneath the base of the landfill ( 2 m of excavation bgl and groundwater

table is available at 4.5 m bgl), the liner system suggested is double composite

liner as per the minimum technical requirements as specified in "Criteria for

Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by Central Pollution Control Board

(Hazardous Waste Management, Series: HAZWAMS/17/2000-01).

Bottom liner system

The double composite liner (Refer Figure 6.2) includes the following

components:

(b)

(i)

(ii)

(d)

(i)

(ii)

(a) Primary leachate collection layer:

Thickness = 30 - 45 cm of gravel layer

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -2 cm/sec (minimum).

Primary composite liner:

HDPE Geomembrane:

Thickness = 1.5 mm

Tensile Strength at yield: > 18 KN/m.

Tensile Strength at Break: > 30 KN/m.

Tear Resistance: > 150 N and

Puncture Resistance: > 250 N.

Compacted clay layer:

Thickness = 45 cm -60 cm

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum)

Thickness = 30 cm - 45 cm of gravel layer

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -3 cm/sec (minimum)

Secondary composite liner:

HDPE Geomembrane:

Thickness = 1.5 mm

Tensile Strength at yield: > 18 KN/m.

Tensile Strength at Break: > 30 KN/m.

Tear Resistance: > 150 N and

Puncture Resistance: > 250 N.

Compacted clay layer

Thickness = 45 cm - 60 cm

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum).

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.172

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.173

Figure 6.2: Double Composite Liner System.

Waste Body

Primary leachate collection

Compacted clay

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k > 10 -2 cm/s

HDPE Geo-membrane,

thickness = 1.5 mm.

Thickness = 45-60 cm., k < 10 -7 cm/s

Secondary leachate collection

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k > 10 -3 cm/s

HDPE Geo-membrane,

thickness = 1.5 mm.

Compacted clay

Sub soil

Source: "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series:

HAZWANS/17/2000-01. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment &

Forests.

Final Cover System at the top of the Landfill

As per the minimum technical requirements as specified in "Criteria for Hazardous

Waste Landfills" published by Central Pollution Control Board (Hazardous Waste

Management, Series: HAZWAMS/17/2000-01), the final cover system (Refer Figure

6.3) consists of following components:

(a)

(b)

(c)

Surface soil layer:

Thickness = 60 cm (minimum)

Drainage layer of having a

Thickness = 30 cm (minimum)

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -2 cm/sec (minimum).

A single composite barrier comprising of:

(i) HDPE geomembrane of

Thickness = 1.5 mm (minimum)

(ii) Compacted clay layer:

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.174

Thickness = 60 cm (minimum)

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum)

6.1.3 Essential Facilities to be developed for Secured Landfill

Leachate Treatment System

The following two alternatives are considered for leachate treatment:

Off-site treatment of leachate: This involves storage, pre-treatment and

transportation of leachate to off-site treatment facilities e.g. common effluent

treatment plant, municipal sewage treatment plant.

Onsite Treatment of Leachate: This involves complete treatment of leachate at the

landfill site to meet the general standards for disposal of wastewater into inland

surface water body.

As the site is 30 - 40 km away from approved industrial estates/areas and no

municipal sewerage system exists in neighbourhood of the site, the option of treating

the leachate in a off site plant is not feasible. Therefore, complete leachate treatment

plant has to be designed within the facility for treating the leachate before

discharging to Najafgarh drain.

Surface Water Drainage System

In order to divert the storm water from entering into the facility, therby minimising the

quantity of leachate generation, surface water drainage system is essential. The

surface water drainage system comprises of the following components:

• Storm water drains and diversion channel

• Storm water basin

• Culverts

The storm water basin is designed based on the precipitation value.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.175

Figure 6.3: Final Cover System.

Top soil

Thickness = 60 cm.

Drainage layer

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k >10 -2 cm/s

HDPE Geo-membrane,

thickness> = 1.5 mm.

Compacted clay

Thickness = 60 cm., k< 10 -7 cm/s

Waste Body

Source: "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series:

HAZWANS/17/2000-01. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment &

Forests.

6.2 LANDFILL SITE INFRASTRUCTURE

The following infrastructure facilities are recommended at the landfill site:

• Site entrance and fencing

• Administrative and site control offices

• Access roads

• Waste inspection and sampling facility

• Equipment workshops and garages

• Signs and directions

• Water supply

• Vehicle cleaning facility

• Fire fighting equipment

6.3 POST CLOSURE PLANS

At the end of the useful life of the landfill, it should be closed & associated treatment

& storage facilities are to be decontaminated in a safe & environmentally acceptable

manner. The post closure plan should provide care for an extended period of time

after closure such as for at least 30 years. This is an arbitrary time period, which can

be lengthened (or) reduced depending on the technical information related to post

closure pollutant migration. The following aspects shall be taken into consideration

for the closure of the facilities: -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.176

Decontaminate & decommission any hazardous waste treatment &

storage facility.

Provide a final cover for the landfill.

Control pollutant migration from the landfill via surface water, ground

water & air.

Maintain the existing groundwater monitoring network for a period of 30

years of post-closure maintenance.

Continue to divert run-on from the landfill.

Prevent soil & wind erosion by a vegetative cover.

Control surface water infiltration & ponding at the closed site.

Maintain leachate collection, removal & treatment system.

Maintain the integrity of the final cover and any liners.

Restrict access to the landfill as appropriate for the post-closure area.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.177

Chapter-7

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SECURED

LANDFILL FACILITY

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Prediction is an objective process of describing the magnitude of a possible impact

relative to the status quo. Prediction and evaluation of impact forms the essential

component during Environmental Impact Assessment process. Environmental

Impact Assessment study is based on the activities to be carried out for developing

and operating the landfill facility. The impact assessment has been divided into two

phases, namely, construction and operation of the facility. Each phase has been

divided into major activities having direct and/ or indirect, positive and/ or negative

and short and/ or long-term impacts on the surrounding environment.

The possible impacts have been predicted based on the nature and magnitude of

each activity and based on the existing environmental settings of the area.

7.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING SECURED

LANDFILL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

HAVING IMPACT ON DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF

ENVIRONMENT

The major activities having impacts on various components of environment are as following:

Excavation/soil filling, embankment and road construction

Development of green belt

Construction of storage, treatment and disposal facilities

Construction of buildings for personnel facilities, maintenance shop, laboratory

facilities and vehicle washing.

Installation of liner system at the disposal facility

Installation of leachate drainage system

Transportation & loading/unloading of waste

Collection and storage of wastes

Spreading, compaction & consolidation of the waste

Installation of intermediate/temporary liners during monsoon period

Collection & treatment of leachate, wastewater/sludge

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.178

Monitoring of landfill facility

Closure of disposal facility

Decommissioning of the disposal facility

These are the sources that are related to the construction, operation and restoration and completion

phases. The construction phase has the potential to have the most direct impact in terms of physical

loss and disturbance, while operational and restoration phases have the potential to have the primary

impact in terms of exposure to contaminants.

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DEVELOPING

Developing and operating a hazardous waste SLF at recommended site near village

Guman Hera will have impact of varying intensity/magnitude on different components

of environment such as Air, Water, Land, Ecology, Environmental health, Noise

environment, etc.

The potential impacts on the different components of environment due to

development and operation of SLF at the recommended site are discussed briefly

below:

Impact on Air Environment

During the construction phase, soil is excavated, earth bunds are constructed, liner

and drainage layer is laid, leachate collection and treatment system are installed,

administrative & laboratory buildings are constructed. During all these activities,

there are movement of heavy vehicles, removal of soil, handling and movement of

construction materials, etc. As a result the dust is expected to be generated. The

dust generation will increase the concentration of suspended particulates in the

ambient air. These are short - term impacts. To mitigate these impacts, periodic

spray of water is proposed which will reduce the impact on ambient air quality.

During the operation phase, handling of waste, transportation, storage and disposal

will results in dust generation. The dust generation in operation phase will have longterm

impact. However, handling of waste in wet condition or in closed bags reduces

the impact.

During the closure /post -closure phase, there will be short term impact on the air

environment due to dust generation from laying of cover liner, soil compaction, etc.

Around recommended site near village Guman Hera, there is no thick green belt to

absorb the dust except some wild bushes grown along the Najafgarh drain (south -

east of the site). However, the site is 1 Km away from nearest settlement towards the

most dominant wind direction. The SPM level in the ambient air will therefore, get

diluted to some extent as it reaches the nearest settlement. In order to minimise this

impact, development of a green belt around the facility is proposed.

Impact on Water Environment

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.179

During the construction phase, major source of waste water is sewage generation

from the labour sheds, temporary housing from construction personnel etc.

During the operation phase, apart from the sewage generation, other sources of

waste water are leachate from waste storage area, pre-treatment process and the

landfill facility. The leachate generated is proposed to be treated in the leachate

treatment plant before disposal into any surface water body. Moreover, the liner

system meeting the technical requirements of CPCB at the bottom, side and top is

proposed which will act as a barrier and prevent the contamination of soil beneath

the facility and groundwater.

Therefore, the leachate generated from the facility shall not have adverse impact on

the surface water body or on groundwater source as long as liner system is intact in

SLF.

The nearest drain from the proposed site is Najafgarh drain which is at about 500 m

distance from the site. The drain water quality indicates the presence of inorganic as

well as organic pollution. Therefore, the impact of leachate disposal into the drain

shall not add any pollution load to the drain.

The subsoil permeability is in the range of 4.5 x 10 -4 to 6.3 x 10 -6 cm/sec which is

quite high and the groundwater is available at a depth of 4.5 m bgl. Therefore, risk of

groundwater contamination due to leachate percolation is high although groundwater

quality available is very hard and saline. In order to protect the groundwater

resources, an impermeable double composite liner complying with the standards

suggested by CPCB is recommended to be laid at the base and side of the facility.

Further, leachate collection and treatment system will be installed to collect and treat

the leachate generated at the base of the waste body. The storm water will be

diverted from entering into the waste body by appropriate earth bunds.

During closure/post-closure phase, leachate generation will be minimal and it will not

pose any threat to the water environment. The cover liner, leachate management

system and green belt development at the periphery of the site is proposed to

mitigate these impacts. However, groundwater monitoring will continue even after

the closure of the facility for a period of about 30 years.

Impact on Noise Environment

During the construction phase, construction equipment including dozers, scrapers,

generators, concrete mixers and vehicles will be the major noise sources. However,

the noise generated from the various sources will be intermittent and is expected to

be of short duration.

During the operation phase, movement of vehicles, dozers, generators etc. are

expected to increase the noise levels of the area. However, the proposed greenbelt

will absorb the noise level upto greater extent since the nearest settlement is 1 Km

away, the impact of increased noise level will be minimum.

Not much of impact on noise environment is expected during the closure/post

closure phase.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.180

Impact on soil / land Environment

Construction phase includes activities like excavation, roads & building (office,

laboratories) construction, electrification etc. These activities will effect the quality of

topsoil. However, development of green belt will improve the quality of topsoil. As the

site recommended is a barren land not suitable for agriculture, there is no adverse

impact on the landuse of the site.

During the operation phase leachate is generated which is proposed to be treated in

leachate treatment plant before discharging either into the land or surface water

body. Also an impermeable liner system at the base of the facility will prevent

percolation of leachate into the soil. The risk of contamination of the soil by the

leachate is therefore reduced.

After the closure of the site, there will no surface run off, therefore there will be no

impact on soil/land. Further, a vegetation cover is recommended at the top of the

cover liner . This will improve the quality of topsoil in the area. The vegetation cover

will also prevent the soil erosion and will improve the landscape.

Impact on Environmental Health

During the construction phase, the generation of dust may have impact on the health

of the workers. However, periodic spray of water is proposed to minimise the dust

generation. Although the site is 1 Km away from the nearest settlement, a green belt

around the facility is proposed to reduce the impact on health.

During, operation phase, transportation of waste through the populated residential

areas may pose risk of exposing the pollutants to the public. The site is around 30 -

40 km away from the industrial estates/areas. Therefore, the transportation of

hazardous wastes is proposed in closed/covered vehicle. Further, following

measures are proposed:

Select a transportation route passing through minimum residential areas

Proper maintenance and regular washing of the vehicles transporting the waste.

Use of protective gears while working in the facility

During closure/postclosure phase, there will be very less dust generation. Therefore,

the impact is minimum. However, it is proposed to use protective gears while

working at the site. This is a short term impact.

Impact on Socio-economics

Development & operation of facility will increase the job opportunities and will results

in improvement of infrastructural facilities in the area. This is a positive long -term

impact.

7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.181

7.4.1 Methodology

In order to carry out analysis of environmental impacts, Checklist Method has been

adopted. The impact analysis has been carried out for two alternatives:

(1) Weighted Environmental Impacts without considering any mitigation measures

(2) Weighted Environmental Impacts considering mitigation measures

The impact checklist has been prepared based on the activities and impacts

mentioned under "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED

SECURED LANDFILL FACILITY AT SELECTED SITE" and given below.

Table 7.1 Impacts Checklist

Potential Impact

Area

Construction Phase Operation Phase Post Closure

Phase

Adve

rse

No Benefi

cial

Adv

erse

No Bene

ficial

Adv

erse

No

A. LAND

TRANSFORMATION

Soil Erosion 3(S) 3 3

Ben

efici

al

Group Cover 3(L) 3 3(L)

Deposition 3(S) 3(L) 3

B. AIR

Suspended

3(S) 3(L) 3

Particulate Matter

Gaseous Pollution 3(S) 3(L) 3

Odour 3 3(L) 3

C. WATER

Ground Water

3 3(L) 3(L)

contamination

Surface Water 3 3(L) 3

D. SOIL

By Construction 3(S) 3 3

Waste

By Spillage of Solid

3 3(L) 3

Waste

E. NOISE

3(S) 3(L) 3

POLLUTION

F. VEGETATION 3(S) 3 3(L)

G. WILD LIFE 3 3 3

H. LAND USE 3 3 3(L)

I. SOCIO-

ECONOMIC

3(S) 3(L) 3

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.182

Potential Impact

Area

Construction Phase Operation Phase Post Closure

Phase

Adve No Benefi Adv No Bene Adv No Ben

rse

cial erse ficial erse efici

al

J. AESHETIC 3 3(L) 3(L)

Legend : S = Short term, L = Long term.

Each impact is classified as either short-term or long-term impact in the table-7.1

above.

7.4.2 Criteria for Rating the Impacts

Impact Rating Criteria

Following criteria has been considered for rating of the impacts.

For each impact area, the magnitude and importance of impact has been rated on

the scale of 1 to 3

Magnitude

• High Impact = 3

• Moderate Impact = 2

• Less Impact = 1

Importance

• Very Important = 3

• Moderately Important = 2

• Less important = 1

Ranking Criteria

Keeping in view, seven major activities having an impact on the environment and

considering nine major impact areas (as shown in Tables 7.2 & 7.3) the criteria for

overall ranking of the secured landfill facility is developed as follows:-

Total Score, if

Above 500

The WMF is having very high adverse Impact

500 - 100 The WMF is having Moderate Adverse Impact

Below 100

The WMF is having Less Adverse Impact

WMF: Waste management facility

7.4.3 Weighted Impacts Without Considering Mitigation Measures

Based on the criteria for rating the impacts, the weighted impacts without taking any

mitigation measures have been presented in Table 7.2 for major activities in the

construction and operation phase of the secured landfill facility.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.183

In this weighted impact table the entries are presented in the form x(y), where" x"

denotes the magnitude of the impact and "y" denotes the importance of the impact

while "+" denotes beneficial, " - " denotes adverse impacts and "N" depicts no

impact. Therefore total impact value for any activity on environment will be the

multiplication of 'x' & 'y'. The activities to be carried out during development and

operation of SLF are given below:

Construction Phase Code Operation phase Code

Excavation/soil

filling,

embankment and road

construction

Construction of buildings for

personnel facilities, maintenance

shop, washing area, storage,

treatment facility.

A Transportation of waste E

B Collection and storage of waste F

Bottom liner & cover liner and

drainage system construction

C Spreading, compaction &

consolidation of the waste

G

Development of green belt D Collection & treatment of leachate H

Closure & Post Closure Phase

Monitoring of landfill facility I Decommissioning and closure of

disposal facility

J

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.184

No

.

Table 7.2 Weighted Impacts without Mitigation Measures

Potential

Impact

Area

Construction Phase Operation Phase Closure

Phase

ACTIVITY

A B C D E F G H I J

Total

1 Air Quality -1(2) -2(2) -1(2) +2(3) -1(2) -2(2) -1(2) N N -1(2) -12

2. Surface N N N +2(1) -2(1) N N -1(1) N N -1

Water

3 Ground N N N N N -3(3) -2(3) -2(2) N N -19

Water

4. Land -1(2) -1(2) N +1(1) -1(2) -1(1) N -1(1) N +2(2) -3

5. Noise -2(2) -2(2) -1(1) N -1(2) N -1(2) N N -2(2) -17

6. Vegetation N N N +1(2) N N N +1(1) N +2(1) +5

7. Environment

al Health

8. Aesthetic

Value

-3(2) -2(2) -2(1) +3(2) -2(1) -3(3) -1(1) N +2(2) N -14

-1(2) +2(2) +1(2) +3(2) -3(2) -2(2) -1(1) N N N -1

9. Socioeconomic

+2(3) +2(3) +2(3) +1(1) +2(2) +2(2) +1(1) N N +1(1) +29

TOTAL -48

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.127

Outcome of Weighted Impact Analysis without Mitigation Measures

As per the developed criteria, the waste management facility has been rated as less

adversely impacting facility. However, certain mitigation measures have been

recommended in order to minimise the impact on the environment.

7.4.4 Mitigation Measures

In order to minimise the adverse environmental impacts arising out of the various

activities pertaining to the development and operation of the waste management

facility the following mitigation measures have been recommended.

(1) Excavation/ soil filling.

♦

Periodic spray of water to suppress dust.

Restriction of unnecessary movement of heavy machinery.

Use the extra excavated soil to fill low lying areas.

Develop green belt surrounding the site.

(2) Construction of bottom liner, cover liner and drainage system.

♦

Spray of water to suppress dust.

(3) Construction of buildings for personnel facilities, maintenance shop,

washing area.

♦ Spray water to suppress the dust while excavation is going on.

♦ Use construction waste for filling low lying areas in the vicinity of the site.

(4) Loading/Unloading and transportation of waste

♦

Dumpers/ tractors used for shifting waste should be checked for

leakages. If leakages are found, they have to be sealed.

♦ After loading the waste, it has to be covered tightly with PVC sheet in

order to prevent spillage and blowing of the waste

♦ Regular health checks have to be carried out for the labourers, who are

involved directly or indirectly in the shifting of the waste. Labourers should

be provided with masks, rubber gloves and gum-boots.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.128

(5) Spreading, compaction & consolidation of the waste.

♦ After unloading the waste at the landfill site, it has to be compacted immediately

in order to prevent blowing away of particulate matter with the wind.

♦ Solid waste has to be unloaded and compacted only in the secured landfill facility

systematically as per the operation plan for the secured landfill.

(6) Green Belt around the waste disposal site

All peripheral area can be planted with

avenue and air purifier trees like, Neem (Azadirachta india), Bauhinia sp.

Sehtoot - Morus alba, Eucalyptus sp, Peltophorum - pterocarpum, Siris -

Albizzia lebbek, Shisham - Dalbergion sissoo, Kachnar - Bauhinia sp.,

Moringa oliefera, Gmelima arboria, Amaltas - Cassia pistula

♦

Flowering plants – Ashoka Longifolia, Ficus benjaming, Ficus cristata

Normally, climatically adopted tree species can be planned in the inner circle

followed by following plants in the middle circle; where as, if space is available then

fruit trees can be put on the outer circle making a green belt around the site.

(7) Leachate/wastewater collection & treatment

♦

Leachate/wastewater has to be pumped to leachate treatment plant from

the leachate collection sump regularly. All the leakages at pump and

transfer lines have to be sealed.

(8) Stormwater collection and treatment

♦

Storm water should not be allowed to mix with the leachate. Separate

collection and treatment system should be provided.

(9) Closing of the landfill

♦

For closing of the completed landfill cell, excavated soil from the next cell

has to be used.

Periodic water has to be sprayed to suppress any dust emissions.

Unnecessary movement of heavy machinery has to be restricted.

(10) Monitoring of the landfill

♦ Regular monitoring of ground water and ambient air around the landfill has

to be done. The monitoring stations have to be established up-stream and

down-stream of the facility.

♦ Immediate remedial measures have to be taken, if any kind of pollution is

noticed.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.129

(11) Miscellaneous measures

♦ Approach road has to be constructed leading to waste management facility from

the source of waste generation.

♦ Regular house-keeping measures have to be undertaken for the secured landfill

facility

7.5.5 Weighted Impacts with Mitigation Measures

The weighted impacts of various activities, to be carried out during construction and

operation phase of centralised facility with all the suggested mitigation measures,

have been presented in Table 7.3.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.130

C:\My Documents\CHAP_EIA_hyperlink.doc

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.131

Outcome of the Weighted Impact Analysis after Taking All the Mitigation

Measures

After implementation of all the mitigation measures, based on the rating criteria, the

WMF is rated as having less adverse impact.

7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

The Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared for the site at Guman Hera.

Based on the environmental settings of the area, project activities and their

environmental impacts, mitigation measures have been proposed to curb the

adverse environmental impacts described in earlier chapters.

The total area of the site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres). However, the

area required for developing SLF for 20 years is only 26.35 hectares. The land

has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT - Delhi.

The site lies in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation,

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools. The site

falls in structural sag zone. It is located in wastelands within a dominantly

agricultural landuse.

There is no human population within 1 km distance of the site. The nearest village

is Guman Hera, which is 1 km away. The site is adjacent to a "Gaushala" (Cow

shelter). However, there is no regular use by inhabitants in the Gaushala.

The nearest surface water body is Najafgarh drain, which is about 500 m away

from the site.

The groundwater table is available at 4.5 m b.g.l. The base of the landfill should

be atleast 2 m above the groundwater table. So a Double Composite Liner

system is proposed to be installed at the bottom of the landfill to prevent the

percolation of leachate to the ground water. The quality of water at this level is

however, saline. The fresh water aquifer in this area is available at a depth

beyond 35 m bgl.

As reported, the proposed site does not fall under any notified forest.

There is no navigable river or stream within the 100 m distance of the site.

As reported, the proposed site does not fall under flood prone area of the

Yamuna River. Therefore, developing the secured landfill facility at the

proposed site is not having the risk of flood.

The geo-technical investigations results at the site shows that the sub-soil strata

from existing ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists predominantly of fine

grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However, the sub-soil

strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of coarse grained soils

i.e. silty sand (SP-SM). The depth to bed rock at the site is more than 300m

b.g.l.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.132

The quality of the groundwater shows: (I) Lead concentration values exceed 0.05

ppm in 1 U/s, 4 D/s locations, (ii) Hardness values exceed 600 ppm in 8

locations (5 D/s, 3 U/s), (iii) Fluoride values exceed 1.5 ppm in 2 U/s, 2 D/s

locations, (iv) TDS value exceeds 2000 ppm in 3 U/s, 5 D/s locations.

Based on 50 years rainfall data, average annual rainfall is reported to be 905.32

mm.

Based on monitoring of ambient air quality at the site for 3 days (24 hours

continuously), concentration of SPM, SO x and NO x at the site were in the range

of 145 - 160, 1.6 - 1.8 and 1.5 - 2.1 ug/nm 3 respectively. The presence of the

SPM, SO x and NO x in ambient air quality is well below the prescribed national

Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial areas/residential areas.

While carrying out excavation and construction of the landfill, periodic water spray

has been recommended in order to suppress dust.

Based on the findings of EIA studies, the above project can be considered as

less polluting project

The leachate generated secured landfill facility will be collected systematically in

the collection pit and will be pumped to the Treatment Plant for further treatment

before disposal into environment.

To prevent soil erosion after closure of the facility, vegetative cover will be

developed on top of the liner system.

Green belt will be developed surrounding the secured landfill facility in order to

abate air & noise pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage.

The development of this facility will facilitate the systematic collection, storage,

handling, transportation, processing and disposal of the hazardous wastes

generated from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in Delhi without effecting

the surrounding environment. This would result in improvement in the general

environment within the region.

Development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous wastes will

involve many activities as described in the report. This will increase the

opportunities of employment for the local people, which is a positive aspect of

the project.

Continuous monitoring of ground water and ambient air during operation and

closure of landfill facility is recommended to be carried out in the surrounding

area of the facility. This will continue for 30 years even after the closure of the

facility.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.133

Chapter-8

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.134

PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The operation of secured landfill facility includes loading of waste at source,

transportation of waste from the sources of the waste generation to the final disposal

facility, unloading of waste at the disposal facility, layer-wise compaction of waste,

transfer and treatment of leachate at treatment facility. All the above mentioned

activities may have serious environmental impacts if not carried out properly.

Therefore, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to prevent

and mitigate the possible adverse environmental impacts due to the construction/

operation of the proposed secured landfill facility.

Table-8.1: Environmental Management Plan

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN

HAZARDS

Constructional activities

1. Excavation/soil • Generation of dust

• Periodic spray of water should be

filling,

done.

embankment

and road

• Movement of heavy vehicles should

construction

be restricted to the required lengths.

2. Construction of

buildings for

composting

plant, personnel

facilities,

maintenance

shop, washing

area, storage,

treatment

facility.

• Excavated soil may be used for filling

low lying areas.

• Green belt (of appropriate species)

should be developed surrounding the

site.

• Noise Pollution • Protective gears should be used by

the people involved in this activity

• Generation of dust • Periodic spray of water should be

done

• Protective gears should be used by

the people involved in this activity

• Generation of

construction waste

• Construction waste should be used

for filling of low lying areas

• The construction waste may be

recycled/reused.

3. Bottom liner & • Generation of dust

• Periodic spray of water should be

cover liner and

done.

drainage

system

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.135

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL

HAZARDS

construction

MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN

• Green belt (of appropriate species)

should be developed surrounding the

site.

Transportation

4. Loading/unloadi

ng

&

Transportation

of waste

Storage

5. Temporary

storage of the

waste at the

site

Disposal

6. Disposal of the

waste into

secured landfill

Leakage/spillage

of the of waste

Disposal of the

waste at unwanted

places

Tyres getting

tarnished with waste

while loading &

unloading operation and

causing further land

pollution as they move

• Adverse health

impacts on the

labourers

• As far as possible waste should be

transported in the sacks and

containers

• Loaded waste should be fully covered

with HDPE sheet

• Body of the lorry should be leak proof

or it should be lined at bottom with

bitumen

• Follow waste tracking system

• After loading/unloading the waste,

Tyres of the lorry should be washed

and wash water should be sent for

treatment

Labourers should be provided with

gloves and gum boots

Labourers should be given primary

training

• Periodic medical check ups should be

carried out.

Leachate generation • Temporary facility should have

impermeable flooring and proper

leachate collection arrangement.,

Leachate has to be treated before

discharge

• Blowing away of Spray water

waste dust with wind Enclose the storage facility

• Violent reaction, fire

or explosion

Develop compatibility matrix and

place only compatible wastes together

• Develop sound emergency plan to

meet any unwanted accident

• Provide fire fighting facilities and

alarm system

• Violent reaction, fire Develop compatibility matrix and

or explosion place only compatible wastes together.

Develop sound emergency plan to

meet any unwanted accident

• Provide fire fighting facilities and

alarm system

• Excessive leachate • Cover the sub-cells of the facility with

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.136

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL

HAZARDS

generation

monsoon season

7. Sanitary

facilities for the

staff

8. Laboratory

facility

9. Monitoring

activity

(Monitoring

activity should

continue even

after closure of

the facility)

10. Operation

maintenance &

closure of the

facility

in

• Blowing away of the

waste dust with the

wind

MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN

HDPE sheets and ensure that rain

water does not come in contact with

the waste

• Spray water with dust suppressing

chemicals

Cover the waste layer with fresh soil

and compact it

• Disposal of waste at

wrong place

Erect indicators and sign boards for

systematic operation

• Leachate generation • Provide leachate collection and

conveyance system. Leachate has to

be treated before discharge

Generation of waste

water

Generation of the

waste water

• Broken glassware

and other solid

wastes

• Ground water

pollution

• Soil pollution due to

leachate

• Air Pollution

• Contamination of

environment

• Wastewater has to be given suitable

treatment prior to discharge or it can

be mixed with leachate and taken for

treatment.

• Wastewater has to be given suitable

treatment before discharge or it can

be mixed with leachate after studying

the compatibility.

• Dispose them off in the facility

• Dig/drill bore wells around the site

based upon ground water flow and

take samples of ground water

periodically for analysis. In case of

pollution of ground water is noticed,

develop adequate redemption plan

and execute it and keep monitoring

• In case any pollution of ground water

is noticed, then soil samples at

various depths around the SLF should

be analysed and suitable remediation

steps be undertaken.

• Ambient air monitoring should be

carried out periodically & if air

pollution is found, appropriate action

has to be taken.

• As a compensatory measure, green

belt has to be developed in 10 - 15 mt

Strip of land encircling the site.

• On both sides of the approach road,

at least 5 m wide green belt has to be

developed.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.137

Environmental monitoring has to be conducted at secured landfill facility to ensure

that no contaminants that may affect public health and surrounding environment are

released from the environment. The monitoring required is divided in to following

categories:

1. On and within the landfill,

2. In the unsaturated subsurface zone (Vadose zone) beneath and around the

landfill,

3. In the ground water (saturated) zone beneath and around the landfill, monitoring

and

4. Ambient air quality monitoring in and around the landfill at upstream and

downstream locations of the site.

Parameters to be Monitored Regularly are:

• Leachate head within the landfill.

• Leachate quality within the landfill.

• Quality of pore fluid in the vadose zone.

• Quality of ground water in the saturated zones.

• Ambient air quality above the landfill and at buildings on or near the landfill.

8.3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

As per the Guidelines for Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes published by the

Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1991, an Emergency Plan has to be drawn in order to

minimise the hazards to human health or environment from Fires, Explosion or any unplanned

sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil

or surface water.

The secured landfill facility has been designed and developed for the hazardous wastes which

are neither Flammable nor Explosive. The possible adverse impacts and risks due to

construction and operation of Secured Landfill Facility have been identified and accordingly

mitigation measures have been suggested in the Environmental Management Plan discussed

in earlier chapter. However, some unforeseen emergencies require a plan/guideline to act

upon in case of mishap. It is necessary however, that precautions must be taken at all times

and at all stages of handling hazardous wastes to avert any adverse situation/accident.

In general, major emergencies are not expected (which may require mobilisation of resources

other than available with the owner of the facility) due to development and operation of

Secured Landfill Facility at proposed site. However, in case of any emergency, the team of key

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.138

persons (Emergency Response Team) may be constituted in order to take care of emergency

situations arise due to development and operation of SLF. Everyone associated with

Hazardous wastes, especially Emergency Response Teams and Transporters should know

how to act and where to quickly obtain assistance when any hazardous material accidents

occur.

Emergency response to spillage of hazardous wastes during handling and transportation, is

given below. Each occurrence is different; therefore, the following generic steps are only

suggestions.

• Raising An Alarm :

In the event of an emergency, the SLF Operator will raise an alarm which should be

different from fire alarm.

The procedure should be:-

a) Switch on the Siren. Sound alarm continuously for ONE (*1) minute switch off

for FIVE (5) seconds.

b) Repeat alarm for Two (2) more occasions only in order to make it THREE (3).

c) After raising alarm the shift superintendent or his nominee will act as an

Incident controller of the situation. The following names are given below for

records & actions.

Incharge of SLF in consultation with Emergency response team will take

decision regarding type of emergency situation and then assume the role of

Emergency Controller from his own office.

During this time his job will involve co-ordination and emergency activities onsite

& liaison with authorities for assistance in hospitalisation etc.

• Termination of Emergency/Disaster:

When the condition of Emergency is brought under control, the works Emergency

controller will announce termination of Emergency situation, the declaration of the

end of the Emergency/Disaster shall be made thus:-

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.139

a) Siren with special continuous note will be sounded.

• Emergency Response Steps For Spillage hazardous wastes

If the spill is at the facility or enroute to facility on a road, persons associated with

the handling of the hazardous wastes should call the site Emergency Response

Team.

Other Activities that must be performed are :-

* Put up warning signs or barriers

* Keep unauthorized people back. Detour traffic and isolate area.

* Prevent Contact of waste with Moisture if possible.

* Remove injured individuals, if any and clean wounds with water, and

stop or slow the leak.

* Cleanup with proper equipment (after putting on protective clothing)

* Check the documents and package markings to determine composition

of the wastes

* Notify appropriate Environmental agency

Note : Items like a 15m long rope, Buckets of water, Wash facility and basic

first aid kit should be available at the landfill facility. Ideally no individual

should work near the facility alone, only teams of workmen must be allowed to

function at site. Just in case an individual falls in the landfill facility despite all

precautions, the Emergency Response Team must be alerted to take charge,

meanwhile the individual should be quickly removed by other personnel using

basic equipment, administered first aid and sent for medical treatment. Other

appropriate measures must be taken as per the requirement of the situation.

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.140

Chapter-9

PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.141

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Experience from the successful project show that consulting with the public is a

important as performing good technical studies. Public consultation process involves

the participation of the public in the process of developing the composting facility site

for the scientific management of municipal waste. Effective public involvement

requires integrating public concerns and values at every stage of the process. This

process communicates to the public what to expect, providing a kind of “contract”

with the public that helps to establish the credibility of the sponsoring agency.

9.2 STAKEHOLDERS TO THE PROJECT

The following stakeholders to be involved in the public participation process:

Community Based Organisations, Local Bodies

The village societies near the composting facility site have to be involved in the

consultation process. They should be informed of the advantages and disadvantages

of having the facility in that area for the community and environment as a whole.

Environmental NGO

NGOs have to be engaged in carrying out public consultation process. The NGO will

help in preparing and disseminating public information in the local language both

prior to and after the EIA study on project objectives and summary of the report

respectively.

Local Media

Local media will help in building up the public opinion by publishing the articles in

local language regarding composting project. A public notice regarding the public

consultation meeting has also to be published in the same daily.

Medical Professionals

The prominent medical professionals (local doctors) may explain to the local people

the benefits of having a waste treatment (composting) facility rather than dumping

the waste in a haphazard manner.

Traditional Leaders

The head of Panchayats of nearby villages should be involved in the public

consultation process. They have to be invited to the Public Consultation meeting and

have to be briefed about the facility and its affects on their lives and their livelihood at

an early stage.

Waste generators

Industrial units/Group of waste generators shall take initiatives in approaching the

Government/DOE and Financial Institutions for setting up the SLF. DOE/DPCC shall

provide necessary information regarding the quantity and type of waste generated,

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.142

mode of transport, waste characteristics and etc so as to enable the smooth

conduction of public consultation process.

9.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION TECHNIQUES

9.3.1 Information Techniques

The techniques for involving the public can be divided into two categories, namely.

• Information techniques (giving information to the public) and

Participation techniques (getting information form the public).Following techniques

have to be employed in order to have successful information dissemination process

for Public Consultation meeting.

TECNIQUE

FEATURES

Briefings

Personal visit or phone call to key officials or

groups leaders to announce a decision, provide

background information, or answer question.

Feature stories In-depth story about the siting study in

newspapers

Mailing out key technical Mailing technical studies or environmental reports

reports or environmental to other agencies and leaders of organised groups

documents

or interests.

News Conferences

Brief presentation to reporters, followed by

question and answer period, often accompanied

by handouts of presenters committee.

Brochure

Brief description of what is going on in the siting

study, usually issues at key intervals for all people

who have shown an interest in the study. It will

highlight the key benefits likely to be gained by the

local persons from the proposed project.

Newspaper inserts

Much like a newsletter, but distributed as an insert

in a newspaper

News releases

A short announcement or news story issued to the

media to get interest in media coverage of the

story.

Paid advertisements

Advertising space purchased in newspapers or on

radio or television.

Presentations to civic and

technical groups

Delivery presentations enhanced with slides or

viewgraphs, to key community groups.

Press Kits

Public services

announcement

A packet of information distributed to reporters.

Short announcement provided free of charge by

radio and television stations as part of their public

service obligations.

9.3.2 Participation Techniques

TECNIQUE

FEATURES

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.143

Advisory groups task

forces

Focus groups

Hotline

Interviews

Hearings

Meetings

Workshops

A group of representatives of key or interested parties is

established. May be a policy, technical or citizen advisory

group

Small discussion groups established to give “typical”

reactions of the public. Conducted by professional

facilitator. Several sessions may be conducted with

different groups.

Widely advertised phone number to handle questions or

provide centralised source of information about the siting.

Face to face interviews with key officials, interest group

leaders, or key individuals.

Formal meetings where people present formal speeches

and presentations.

Less formal meetings for people to present positions, ask

questions, and so forth

Smaller meetings designed to complete a task

9.4 CONSULTATION

After organising the public consultation process with various stakeholders as

mentioned earlier, the minutes of the meeting shall be recorded and circulated to all

the participants after incorporating the suggestions and comments given during the

meeting. The project report of expansion/ setting up of new composting facility along

with proceedings of the public consultation process shall be submitted to State

Government for necessary approval.

Chapter-10

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Delhi has witnessed phenomenal growth in small-scale industries during last three

decades. There are around 21,621 nos of small/medium scale industries operating in

28 approved industrial areas of Delhi. Out of the total, around 10,449 nos are

hazardous waste generating units. The major hazardous waste generating sectors

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.144

are Metal finishing, Textile (wet processing), printing, casting and others including

pharmaceutical, etc. The distribution of Hazardous waste generation in Delhi is

shown in Figures below:

Distribution of HW Generation in

Different Sectors

Metal Finishing

9%

5%

3%

Textile (Wet

Processing)

Printing

16%

67%

Casting

Others

Distribution of HW Generation in Metal Finishing

Sector

2%

1%

36%

35%

Pickling of SS Plates

MS Wire Drawing

Ni-Cr Plating

Pickling

Zinc Plating

Others

1%

25%

Total of 2,37,757 (approx.) Kg/d of hazardous waste is expected from the approved

industrial estates/areas. If all the 15 CETPs in Delhi become operational, then

anticipated sludge quantity from them is 57.46 m 3 /d. These wastes have to be

managed properly in order to prevent degradation of environment, preserve our

natural resources and improve public health.

The disposal of hazardous wastes on land or in low lying areas causes numerous

adverse impacts on the environment such as:

• Groundwater contamination by the percolation of leachate from waste body

• Surface water contamination by the run-off from the waste dump

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.145

• Odour generation, pests, rodents and wind-blown litter around the waste dump

• Epidemics through stray animals

• Acidity to the surrounding soil

Therefore, the need of scientific management of hazardous waste is emphasised in

Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amended Rules, 2000. As per these

rules hazardous wastes after pretreatment have to be either incinerated or disposed

off in a secured landfill facility depending upon the type of hazardous waste. Further,

the sites for developing such facility have to be identified based on Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) studies.

Out of the total waste generated in 28 approved industrial areas/estates, 87,000

m 3 /annum of waste is required to be disposed off to SLF.

In order to identify a suitable site for developing a SLF in NCT- Delhi, Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) studies of pre-identified sites for one season have been

carried out based on existing environmental settings of the area and the project

activities. Three sites were identified by Department of Environment, Govt. of Delhi

for carrying out EIA studies:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Site I: within Bawana relocation industrial complex

Site II: adjacent to Wazirpur CETP

Site III: near village Guman Hera

In addition, there is one more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by

DOE, Govt. of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97. The EIA studies for the same had been

conducted by NPC in 1997.

The baseline data on geological, hydro-geological, hydrological, meteorological,

ambient air quality, ground & surface water quality etc. for all three sites were

collected. The data on ambient air quality, ground & surface water quality and soil

characteristics were established through monitoring. The criteria stipulated by CPCB,

MOEF and that developed by NPC based on UNEP's criteria followed internationally

were used to assess and evaluate the suitability of the sites.

The sites were first assessed with respect to the locational criterias (CPCB's,

MOEF's and international criteria adapted by NPC) for siting of hazardous waste

landfill facility. None of the sites were found to comply with all the criteria as given in

the table below:

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline International

Criteria

Bawana Conforms to all Does not conform to - Conforms to

relocational

industrial site

• The site shall be more all

than 25 Km away from

ecologically and or other

sensitive areas

• The site shall be 25 km

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.146

Wazirpur

CETP site

Old Bawana

site

Guman Hera

site

away from the projected

growth boundary of the

settlement for (atleast a

decade)

• 1/2 km away from

railway line or highway

Conforms to all Conforms to

all

Conforms to all Conforms to

Conforms to all

• The site shall be more

than 25 Km away from

ecologically and or other

sensitive areas

• The site shall be 25 km

away from the projected

growth boundary of the

settlement for (atleast a

decade)

all .

Conforms to

all

Further, detailed investigations of these sites were carried out and ranked as per

MOEF guidelines as well as by the criteria adapted by NPC followed internationally.

The ranking of the sites w.r.t MOEF and NPC's criteria is as given below:

Potential

site

As per MOEF guidelines

Sensitivit Hazard

y Index potential

As per criteria developed by NPC

Ideal Rank

score

for

selectio

n

Rank Score Minimu

m score

for

selectio

n

Site I 417 Low III 322 300 400 III

Site II 406 Low II 339 II

Site III 360 Low I 347 I

Site IV 473.75 Moderate IV 320

IV

Site III located near village Guman Hera has the lowest sensitvity index (as per

MOEF's ranking system) and highest score ( as per NPC's criteria). Further, the

area available at site III is sufficient for developing a secured landfill facilty for

15 years life. Also additional area around the site could be procured for

extension of the facility.

Therefore site III located near village Guman Hera is recommended for

development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous waste

generated from approved industrial estates/areas of NCT - Delhi.

However, as "no site can be perfect", the mitigation measures have been proposed

to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts. Accordingly, Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which shall be followed at the sites for

disposal of hazardous waste in environmentally sound manner.

The mitigation measures to be taken are summarised in the following action points: -

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.147

Κ

Provide Protective Gears (such as Full sleeve apron, gumboots, mask, Gloves

etc) to workers

Training to workers for safe handling of wastes.

Leachate collection, treatment and disposal (systematic collection and

treatment of the leachate generated in the landfill facility).

Periodic Environmental Quality monitoring for ground water and ambient air

around site.

Green belt development surrounding the facility in order to abate air & noise

pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage.

Periodic water spray in order to suppress dust while carrying out excavation

and construction activities

After implementation of proposed EMP and mitigation measures, the disposal of

hazardous waste at the recommended site shall be considered as environmentally

sound process as it will care of the following:

• Ground water and soil protection through the provisions of an impermeable base

of the facility, lined drain and disposal of non compatible waste in different cells.

• Surface water protection through diversion of surface run-on and installation of

leachate treatment plant.

-----------------------

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Page No.148

References

1. Manual on "Municipal Solid waste management" published by Central Public Health

Engineering

2. “Landfill of Hazardous Waste – A Training Manual”, Technical Report No.17

UNEP, March, 1994)

3. Industrial Solid Waste Management and Landfilling Practice by M.Dutta, B.P.Parida,

B.K.Guha, T.R.Surkrishan, 1997

4. Design, Construction and Monitoring of Landfills (Second edition) by Amalendu

Bagchi,

5. Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities,

Judith Petts and Gen Eduljee, John Wiley Sons, 1994

Source: Guidelines for "An Appropriate Management Of Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites"

by H. Oeltzschner and D. Mutz, Publication: Deutche Gesellschaft fur Tecnische

Zusanmmenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH., 1994.)

((2). "Landfill of Hazardous Industrial Wastes-A Training Manual", Technical Report No.

17, UNEP, March 1994.)

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Annex I, Page No i

Annexure – 1

Reasons for scaling the criteria and assigning the weightages as per the

criteria adapted by NPC

The key factors involved for the assessment and selection of site for the disposal of

hazardous wastes is divided into three groups. Each group is further subdivided into

relevant parameters. The reasons for assigning the due weightage to different

factors are given below.

General Information:

25 % weightage has been given to "General information" as this pertains to the key

features of sites. The factors like "Transportation Economy ", "Land Slope", "Flood

Proneness" and "Wind Direction" have been assigned weightages as per their

relative importance. The following reasons were considered for assigning the

weightage:

• Transportation Economy:

The transportation of waste from the source of waste generation to the disposal site

is one of the important factors in order to decide the economic location of site. So the

sites for this evaluation have to be given relative value from 5 to 2 corresponding to

excellent to poor as per their distance form the source of generation

Distance Evaluation

Km

(Relative Value)

0-5.00 Excellent (5)

5.00-10.00 Ideal (4)

10.00-20.00 Good (3)

20.00-40.00 Poor (2)

>40.00 Bad (1)

Slope Percent:

Natural slope of a site is important from the drainage consideration. But, more sloppy

land may pose difficulty in the construction and may need levelling up. To prevent

water logging the site should not be concave i.e. there should not be any depression.

Therefore, following scales have been developed for evaluating the slope percent of

the sites:

First Scale Second Scale Evaluation

(Slope %) (Slope %) (Relative Value)

1.5 1.5 Excellent (5)

1.5-1.2 1.5-2.5 Ideal (4)

1.2-0.75 2.5-7.0 Good (3)

0.75-0.50 7.0-15 Poor (2)

< 0.5 >15 Bad (1)

Annex I, Page No ii

Topography:

In general the site topography is to be convex in relation to the surrounding so that

the rain water is drained away from the site naturally. So, a site with convex

topography can be regarded as excellent and that with concave topography can be

regarded as bad.

• Wind Direction:

Though, generation of toxic fumes are not expected due to very nature of the waste

to be disposed off, handling of waste in the disposal facility may create air pollution

in form of dust formation. Prominent wind direction may affect the population on the

downstream side of the facility. So any village within a distance of one km

downstream of the sites can be vulnerable to any air pollution due to the operation of

the waste disposal site. The sites have to be ranked as per the degree of impact on

the downstream. The location of the facility should be selected in such a manner that

there is no or minimum effect at the downstream habitation.

Following relative value scale is developed for ranking the sites:

Downstream

Evaluation (Relative Value)

Distance (Km)

>1 Excellent (5)

1-0.5 Ideal (4)

0.5-0.2 Good (3)

0.2-0.1 Poor (2)

Annex I, Page No iii

Surface water bodies & drinking water sources should be protected and site should

not be close to these sources. Following scale has been developed for ranking the

sites:

• Rainfall

Distance

Evaluation

(Km)

(Relative Value)

>5 Excellent (5)

5-3 Ideal (4)

3-2 Good (3)

2-1 Poor (2)

15 Excellent (5)

15-10 Ideal (4)

10-5 Good (3)

5-1 Poor (2)

Annex I, Page No iv

locate the site in such a way that in case of such eventuality, the impact is least. The

sites have to be evaluated as per the distance of downstream villages.

Following relative value scale is developed for ranking the sites:

Distance in

Evaluation

Downstream (Km)

(Relative Value)

>5 Excellent (5)

5.0-3.0 Ideal (4)

3.0-1.0 Good (3)

1.0-0.5 Poor (2)

15 Excellent (5)

15-10 Ideal (4)

Annex I, Page No v

• Seismic Condition

10-5 Good (3)

5-1 Poor (2)

Annex I, Page No vi

0.2 Bad (1)

Landuse:

Existing Landuse:

The existing land cover depicts the economic importance of the site. Less the

economic importance of the site more suitability of the site for waste disposal site

development. Following scale has been developed for ranking the sites from existing

landuse considerations:

• Proposed Land use:

Existing Landuse

Evaluation

(Relative Value)

Wasteland/saline Excellent (5)

Grazing/Fallow Ideal (4)

Single Crop/non-irrigated Good (3)

Double Crop/irrigated Poor (2)

Plantation Bad (1)

The proposed land use around the sites by the local development authority is

another major consideration for evaluation of the sites. If any sort of development is

envisaged by the development authority nearby the site, then the site should not be

preferred. If the area around the site has the potentiality for development then the

relative value of 1 i.e. bad has to be given otherwise a relative value of 5 i.e.

excellent has to be assigned.

• Impact of Waste Transportation:

The transportation of waste poses threat to the areas through it passes. A site, which

poses minimum threat to the health by virtue of its traffic linkage, should be

considered as ideal site. Any site due to which there is possibility of increased

exposure of the wastes to the population have to be assigned a relative value of 1

otherwise 5.

• Special Ecological Features:

Areas surrounding the site with special ecological features such as habitation

endangered species should be avoided for waste disposal site development. The

sites were given a relative value of 1 if close to such areas other wise 5.

Annex II, Page No i

Annexure – 2

Preliminary Visit Reports

Site I: Bawana Industrial Area Relocation Site

A site visit was made on 17.01.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of

the above-proposed site.

The site visit was made by the following officials:

No. NAME /DESIGNATION ORGANISATION

1. Mr. Pankaj Kumar Department of Environment

Deputy Secretary

Govt of N.C.T. of Delhi

2. Dr. K. Kumar Department of environment

Sr. Scientist

Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi

3 Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division)

Deputy Director

National Productivity Council

4. Ms. Shukla Pal (Environment Division)

Assistant Director

NPC

5. Mr Shyam Lal DSIDC

Junior Engineer

The description of site is as follows:

SITE - 1 :

Bawana Industrial Area Relocation Site

The proposed site is located within Bawana Industrial Area closed to

CETP. The site falls between the Ghoga drain and the Bawana

Escape. The main access road to the site is the road going to Sanoth

village on the right side of the Bawana -Narela road. This road is

almost opposite to the 91 MLD water treatment plant of Delhi Jal Board

(DJB) located on the left side. The site is situated almost 18 km from

Samai pur Badli. The total area of the site proposed for the

development of hazardous waste disposal facility is 15 acres. A 220 KV

high-tension line passes through the site.

The site has flat topography and the soil is observed to be mixture of

yellow and grey colour. The ground water table closed to the site is

observed/reported to be around 1 meter below the existing ground

level as some excavation work for bridge was in progress. There are

some trees mainly eucalyptuses on and near the site. Towards the

Annex II, Page No ii

south of the site there is a shallow surface water stream (1-1.5 m wide)

used mainly for washing etc. Just adjacent to the northwest boundary

of the site construction work going on for a 60-m wide road (as a part of

master plan work by DSIDC).The eastern boundary is a brick wall.

Adjacent to this wall, on the other side is a Rice mill. The northern

boundary is fenced.

Observations:

As high-tension line is passing through the site, the site would require

clearance from Electricity Authority. Also, the ground water table near

the site is around 1 meter below the existing ground level which would

be having a negative bearing on site selection as CPCB criteria

suggest a minimum distance of 2 meter between the ground water

table and base of the landfill. Both factors will reduce the capacity of

landfill tremendously even though site is selected for development.

As DSIDC has already carried out soil investigations around the

proposed site recently, the following information /data may be

requested by Deptt. of Environment to DSIDC:

∗ The detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers of the

proposed site

∗ The names of the villages located around the 10-km radius of the

site, if possible.

∗ Geo-technical details of the proposed site, if available, as they have

already selected the neighboring site for a proposed CETP at

Bawana..

The Contact person at DSIDC is - Mr.S.K.Chabba, Executive Engineer

DSIDC, Bawana

(Ph.No.-7753490, Fax No.-7752955)

Annex II, Page No iii

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site

A site visit was made on 15.02.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of

the above-proposed site.

The site visit was made by the following officials:

No. NAME /DESIGNATION ORGANISATION

1. Dr. K. Kumar Department of environment

Sr. Scientist

Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi

2. Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division)

Deputy Director

National Productivity Council

3. Ms. Shukla Pal (Environment Division)

Assistant Director

NPC

4. Mr Singh DSIDC

Junior Engineer

5. Dr. P. G. Shanware Landuse / Landcover expert

6. Mr. Vijay Kumar Geotech Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

The description of site is as follows:

SITE - 1 :

Wazirpur CETP Site

The proposed site was visited by study team along with Mr. Singh,

DSIDC.

The site is located within Wazirpur Industrial Area adjacent to CETP.

The site falls between two railway lines viz, Northern Railway and

Azadpur Railway. The site is about 3-5 Km from Sanathan Dharma

Mandir. The longititude and latitude of the site are :

28 o 48' 36" N

77 o 04' 55" E

The layout map of the site is attached at Annexure - 1.

Observations:

The total area of the site is 12747 sq. m. The site has flat topography

and the soil is observed to be mixture of yellow and grey colour. The

site at present is a wasteland. There are about 25 nos. of trees. at the

site. Western side of the site touch the CETP boundary and on the

north western side the JJ clusters. Remaining area surrounding the site

Annex II, Page No iv

is a open area. The wastewater from different industries located in

Wazirpur Industrial area is treated in the CETP adjacent to the

proposed site and is discharged to a drain leading to Yamuna river.

There is no surface water body in the immediate vicinity of the site.

As DSIDC has already carried out soil investigations for CETP closed

to the proposed site, the following information /data shall be procurred

by NPC from DSIDC, if available:

∗ The detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers of the

proposed site

∗ Geo-technical details of the proposed site.

Annex II, Page No v

Site III: Gumman Herra

As informed by Dr. K. Kumar, Scientist, Deptt. Of Environment (DOE), Govt. of NCT

– Delhi, Mr. Uttam Basayani, Jt Director (V), MCD was contacted to show the

proposed site at Gumman Herra. Mr. Sushil kumar, JE (SLF – Okhla), MCD was

deputed by MCD to show the proposed site to NPC team. Due to preoccupancy,

officials from DOE could not join for the site visit.

The site visit was made on 15.03.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of

the above-proposed site.

The site visit was made by the following officials:

No. NAME /DESIGNATION ORGANISATION

1. Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division)

Deputy Director

National Productivity Council

2. Ms. Shukla Pal (Environment Division)

Assistant Director

NPC

3. Mr. Sushil Kumar Municipal Corporation of Delhi

Junior Engineer

Govt of N.C.T. - Delhi

4. Mr Maninder Geotech Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

The description of site is as follows:

SITE - 1 :

Village Gumman Herra

The proposed site was shown by Mr. Sushil Kumar, Junior Engineer,

Municipal Corporation of Delhi.

The site lies adjacent to a Gooshalla run by Maharaj Guru Chaya.

There are two main access roads, one from village Sikarpur and other

from Najafgarh. It is approx. 11 Km from Khera Morh, Najafgarh. The

latitude and longitude of the site are:

28 o 31'30" N

76 o 55'25" E

The layout map of the proposed site is attached at Annex. 1.

Observations:

The total area of the proposed site is reported to be 140 acres. The

land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of

NCT - Delhi. It is a wasteland. There are some trees mainly wild Babul

trees and bushes grown within site. But a part of the land is being used

by the villagers for farming. A man-made depression was found within

Annex II, Page No vi

the site where a pool of stagnant water stands. The site has a flat

topography.

The groundwater table closed to the site is reported to be 40 metres

below existing ground level as told by the villagers. There is a

supplementary drain flowing adjacent to the site. There is no

demarcation made on the proposed site with respect to the surrounding

area.

As the proposed site has been acquired by MCD, Govt. of NCT - Delhi,

a detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers, if available

may be procurred from them.

Annex III, Page No i

Annexure – 3

Drinking water standards (IS 10500: 1991) and surface water quality

standards

Drinking water Standards (IS 10500 : 1991)

S.No. Parameter Requirements

(Desirable

Limits)

Permissible

Limits in

absence of

alternative

source

1. Color, Hazen units, max 5 25

2. Odour Unobjectionable

-

3. Taste Agreeable -

4. Turbidity NTU, max 5 10

5. pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.9

6. Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, 300 600

max

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/l max 0.3 1.0

8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l max 250 1000

9. Free Chlorine mg/l, min 0.2 -

10. Dissolved solids mg/l, max 500 2000

11. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, max 75 200

12. Copper (as Cu), mg/l max 0.5 1.5

13. Manganese (as Mn), mg/l max 0.1 0.3

14. Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l max 200 400

15. Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l max 45 100

16. Fluoride (as F), mg/l max 1.0 1.5

17. Phenolic compounds (as C 6 H 5 OH) 0.001 0.002

mg/lt, max

18. Mecrcuty (as Hg), mg/l max 0.001 0.001

19. Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l max 0.01 0.01

20. Selenium (as Se), mg/l max 0.01 0.01

21. Arsenic (as As) mg/l max 0.05 0.05

22. Cyanide (as CN), mg/l max 0.05 0.05

23. Lead (as Pb), mg/l max 0.05 0.05

24. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l max 5.0 15.0

25. Total chromium (as Cr), mg/lt, max 0.05 0.05

26. Aluminum (as Al), mg/lt, max 0.03 0.2

27. Boron, max 1.0 5.0

Annex III, Page No ii

PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CLASS SW-II WATER

(For Bathing, Contact Water Sports and Commercial Fishing)

S.No. Parameter Standards

1. pH range 6.5-8.5

2. Dissolved Oxygen 4.0 mg/l or 50 per cent saturation value

whichever is higher

3. Colour and Odour No noticeable colour or offensive odour

4. Floating Matters Nothing obnoxious or detrimental for

use purposes

5. Turbidity 30 NTU (Nephelo turbidity unit)

6. Fecal Coliform 100/100 ml (MPN)

7. Biochemical oxygen demand

(BOD) (3 days at 27 o C)

3 mg/l

PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CLASS SW-III WATER

(For Industrial Cooling, Recreation (non-contact) and Aesthetics)

S.No. Parameter Standards

1. pH range 6.5-8.5

2. Dissolved Oxygen 3.0 mg/l or 40 per cent saturation value

whichever is higher

3. Colour and Odour No noticeable colour or offensive odour

4. Floating Matters No visible, obnoxious floating debris,

oil slick, scum

5 Fecal Coliform 500/100 ml (MPN)

6. Turbidity 30 NTU

7. Dissolved Iron (as Fe) 0.5 mg/l or less

8. Dissolved Manganese (as

Mn)

0.5 mg/l or less

Annex IV, Page No i

Annexure – 4

Soils of NCT Delhi

Mappin

Description

g Unit

Soils of active flood plains (Aaa)

1 Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils on

gentle slopes with sandy surface, moderate erosion and

slight flooding; associated with:

• Deep, somewhat excessively drained, calcareous

soils with sandy surface, moderate erosion and

slight flooding

2 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy

surface, slight erosion and slight flooding;

associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

with loamy surface, moderate erosion and slight

flooding

Soils of recent alluvial plains (Aab)

3. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on

very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight

erosion and slight salinity; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

with loamy surface and slight erosion

4 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight

erosion and slight salinity; associated with:

• Deep somewhat excessively drained soils with

sandy surface and slight erosion

5. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity;

associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils

with loamy surface, slight erosion with slight salinity

6. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on nearly level slopes with loamy surface and slight

erosion, associated with

• Deep somewhat excessively drained soils with

sandy surface, slight erosion and slight salinity

7. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on

very gentle sloes with loamy surface, slight erosion

and slight salinity associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils

with loamy surface and slight erosion

8. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on nearly level slopes with loamy surface and slight

erosion; associated with

• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils with loamy surface and slight erosion

Soil Taxonomy (Sub

group)

Typic Ustifluvents

Typic Ustipsamments

Fluventic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustifluvents

Typic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustorthents

Typic Ustipsamments

Typic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustorthents

Ustipsamments

Typic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustorthents

Typic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Annex IV, Page No ii

Mappin

Description

g Unit

9. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse

loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity;

associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils

with loamy surface and slight erosion

Soils of old alluvial plains (Aac)

10 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on very gentle slopes with sandy surface and slight

erosion with:

• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils with loamy surface and slight erosion

11 • Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on

very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight

erosion and slight salinity; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion

12 • Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on

very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight

erosion; associated with

• Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion.

13 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on very

gentle slopes with loamy sand surface and slight

erosion; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity.

14 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy

surface, slight erosion and moderate salinity;

associated with

• Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion

15 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils

on very gentle slopes with loamy sand surface,

slight erosion and slight salinity; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion.

16 • Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils on nearly

level slopes with loamy surface and slight salinity;

associated with.

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils

with loamy surface

17. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy

surface and slight erosion; associated with

• Deep well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

with loamy surface and slight erosion

18 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on nearly

level slopes with loamy surface; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

Soil Taxonomy (Sub

group)

Typic Ustochrepts

Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Annex IV, Page No iii

Mappin

Description

g Unit

with loamy surface

19 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse

loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy

surface and slight salinity; associated with

• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils with loamy surface and slight salinity

20 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse

loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy

surface and slight salinity; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils with loamy

surface

21 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine

loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity;

associated with:

• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse

loamy soils with loamy surface, slight erosion and

slight salinity.

22 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on nearly

level slopes with loamy surface; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight

erosion; associated with.

23 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight

erosion; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosions

24 • Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on nearly level

slopes with loamy surface and slight salinity;

associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils

with loamy surface

Soils of hill terrains (Aba1)

25 • Shallow, somewhat excessively drained, loamy

skeletal soils on moderate slopes with loamy

surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness;

associated with:

• Moderately shallow, well drained, loamy skeletal

soils with loamy surface, moderate erosion and

strong stoniness

26 • Moderately shallow, well drained, loamy skeletal

soils on moderate slopes with loamy surface,

moderate erosion and strong stoniness;

associated with:

• Shallow, somewhat excessively drained, loamy

skeletal soils with loamy surface, severe erosion

and moderate stoniness

Soils of dissected hills (Aba2)

27 • Moderately shallow, some what excessively

drained, loamy skeletal soils on moderate slopes

Soil Taxonomy (Sub

group)

Typic Ustochrepts

Fluventic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Lithic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Lithic Ustochrepts

Typic Ustochrepts

Mappin

g Unit

Description

with loamy surface, moderate erosion and strong

stoniness; associated with:

• Medium deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy

soils with loamy surface, moderate erosion and

slight stoniness

Soils of pediments (Abb1)

28 • Medium deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy

soils on gentle slopes with loamy surface and

moderate erosion; associated with

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

with loamy surface and moderate erosion

Soils of piedmonts (Abb2, Abb3)

29 • Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on very gentle

slopes with loamy surface and slight erosion;

associated with:

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

with loamy surface and slight erosion.

30 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils

on gentle slopes with loamy surface and moderate

erosion; associated with:

• Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion.

31 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on

gentle slopes with loamy surface and moderate

erosion, associated with:

• Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy

surface and slight erosion.

Annex IV, Page No iv

Soil Taxonomy (Sub

group)

Typic Ustochrepts

Note: All the soils are mixed in mineralogy and hyperthermic in temperature regime

Annexure – 5

NOC from DGCA

Annex V, Page No i

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