EIA Studies of 3 Pre-Identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in ...

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment 

Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste 

Disposal Sites in Delhi. 

{Deptt. of Environment, Govt. of NCT-Delhi} 

NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL 

{Environment Division} 

Lodi Road, New Delhi (INDIA) 

[May, 2002]

Abbreviations 

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board 

CGWB : Central Ground Water Board 

C.E.T.P : Common Effluent Treatment Plant 

DOE : Department of Environment 

DPCC : Delhi Pollution Control Committee 

DSIDC : Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation 

DGCA : Directorate General of Civil Aviation 

EIA : Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment 

HW Landfill : 

Hazardous Waste Landfill 

IAE : Industrial areas/estates 

MCD : Municipal Corporation of Delhi 

MOEF : Ministry of Environment & Forest 

NCT - Delhi : 

National Capital Territory of Delhi 

NPC : National Productivity Council 

NBSS&LUP : 

National Burea of Soil Survey And landuse planning 

SLF : Secured Landfill facility 

TSDF : Treatment, storage and disposal faciity 

UNEP : United Nations Environment Protection Agency

STUDY TEAM 

(Environment Division) 

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR 

Dr. A. K. Saxena, Director 

TEAM LEADER 

Mr. Yogesh Gupta, Dy. Director 

TEAM MEMBERS 

FROM HQRS., New Delhi 

Ms. Shukla Pal, Assistant Director 

Mr. Dinesh Aggarwal, Assistant Director 

Mr. Hemant Kumar, Assistant Director 

Mr. Dilip Kr. Bera, Assistant Director 

Mr. Debajit Das, Assistant Director 

LABORATORY SERVICES 

SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE 

Mr. S. K. Jain 

Mr. Bhupendra Kumar 

Mrs. H. K. Sarana 

Mr. R.K. Ahuja 

Mr. S. K. Sharma,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

First of all, we would like to place on record our sincere thanks to Department of 

Environment (DOE), Govt. of NCT - Delhi. for entrusting us this prestigious study. 

Our sincere thanks are due to Smt. Naini Jayaseelan, IAS, Secretary, Environment & 

Chairman, DPCC, Govt. of NCT - Delhi and Shri Pankaj Kumar, Deputy Secretary, 

Environment, Department of Environment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi for their guidance and 

support. 

We are also thankful to Dr. K. Kumar, Sr. Scientist, DOE and Mr. M. Dwarka Nath, 

SSO, DPCC for their co-operation and help at various stages during the conduction of this study. 

We thank Mr. S. K. Chabba, Executive Engineer & Mr. U. S. Govil, Asstt Executive 

Engineer, DSIDC, Bawana and Mr. Mahendra Kumar, Executive Engineer; Mr. N. C. 

Saxena, Executive Engineer and other officers of DSIDC, Wazirpur for their co-operation 

during the study. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Meena, Executive Engineer, Mr. R. S. 

Gupta, Assistant Engineer, MCD. 

We are highly grateful to the following Central & State Government Departments given below for 

sharing their information with us to utilise the same in Environmental Impact Assessment 

Studies. This study would have never been complete if they had not provided us their support & 

help: 

1. Archeological Survey of India, Delhi Circle 

2. Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India 

3. Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India 

4. Deputy Conservator of Forest, Govt. of NCT - Delhi 

5. Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of NCT - Delhi 

6. Geological Survey of India, Govt. of India 

7. Delhi Jal Board, Govt. of NCT - Delhi 

8. Indian Metereological Department 

Last but not the least, we thank all who are associated with the study & field visits directly and 

indirectly for their co-operation and help. 

(National Productivity Council)

TABLE OF CONTENT 

Sl. No. Description Page 

No. 

Acknowledgement 

Study Team 

Abbreviations 

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Background 1 

1.2 Objective 1 

1.3 Scope of Work 1 

1.4 Methodology 2 

CHAPTER II: MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES GENERATED IN 

DELHI 

2.1 Introduction 5 

2.2 Hazardous Waste Generating Industrial Sectors & Sub-Sectors 7 

2.3 Existing hazardous waste Management practices 9 

2.4 Quantity and category of Hazardous Wastes from Industrial Units 10 

2.5 Proposed Disposal options for different categories of hazardous wastes 

generated from 28 Industrial Estates/Areas 

CHAPTER III: SITE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION CRITERIA 


3.2 CPCB Criteria for Hazardous waste landfills 14 

3.3 MOEF Guidelines for siting of Hazardous Waste Treatment and disposal 

facilities 

3.4 Site Assessment & Selection Criteria Followed Internationally 24 

CHAPTER IV: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS 


4.2 Site Description 27 

4.3 Physiography 46 

4.4 Hydrology / Hydrogeology 48 

4.5 Geological Framework 75 

4.6 Soil Classification 76 

4.7 Geotechnical Investigation 82 

4.8 Meteorology 94 

4.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 98 

4.10 Demography 104 

11 

18


No. 

4.11 Land Use/ Land Cover Map 107 

4.12 Archaeological Features 117 

4.13 Future Land Use Plan 118 

4.14 Distance from Airport 118 

4.15 Road Linkage 118 

4.16 Forest Area 122 

4.17 Natural hazards 122 

CHAPTER V: 

EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES 

5.1 Evaluation of the site 127 

5.2 Detailed Site Investigation as per CPCB criteria, MOEF Guidelines and 

Internationally followed ranking system 

5.3 Conclusions & Recommendation 155 

CHAPTER VI: CONCEPTUALISED PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE 

DISPOSAL FACILITIY 

6.1 Conceptual Design of Secured Landfill Facility 159 

6.2 Landfill Infrastrcture 164 

6.3 Post Closure Plans 164 

CHAPTER VII: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SECURED 

LANDFILL FACILITY SITE 


7.2 Major Activities of Developing Secured Landfill Facility For Disposal of 

Hazardous Waste having Impact on Different Components of 

Environment 

7.3 Potential Environmental Impacts of developing SLF 166 

7.4 Environmental Impact Analysis 169 

7.5 Environmental Impact statement 177 

CHAPTER VIII: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 

8.1 Environmental Management Plan 179 

8.2 Environmental Quality Monitoring Plan 182 

8.3 Emergency Management Plan 182 

CHAPTER IX: 

PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 


9.2 Stakeholders to the Project 186 

9.3 Public Consultation Techniques 187 

9.3.1 Information Techniques 187 

9.3.2 Participation Techniques 188 

137


No. 

9.4 Public Consultation 188 

CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 189 

Annexures 

Annex I: Reasons for scaling the criteria and assigning the weightages 

Annex II: Preliminary Site visit reports 

Annex III: Drinking Water and Surface Water Quality Standards 

Annex IV: Soils of NCT - Delhi 

Annex V: NOC from DGCA

Table. 

No. 

List of Tables 

Content 

2.1 Hazardous Waste generating Industrial sectors and sub sectors 

3.1 Site Sensitivity Indices for Selected Attributes 

3.2 Weightages for Ranking of Waste Treatment and Disposal Sites 

3.3 Rejection knock out Criteria 

3.4 Site Evaluation Criteria 

4.1 Surface Water quality of two major surface drains in the study area 

4.2 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site in Bawana 

relocational Industrial complex 

4.3 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site adjacent to Wazirpur 

CETP 

4.4 Surface water quality within 5 Km radius from proposed site in village Guman hera 

4.5 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 2001 by CGWB, Chandigarh and 

CPCB, (Site I) 


CPCB (Site II) 


CPCB (Site III) 

4.8 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 1999 by SIMA Labs (Site I) 

4.9 Groundwater Quality monitoring in NCT - Delhi, 1999by SIMA Labs, 1999 (Site II) 

4.10 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site I) 

4.11 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site II) 

4.12 Groundwater Quality monitoring by NPC, 2002 (Within 5 Km radius from Site III) 

4.13 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Bawana relocational Industrial site 

4.14 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Wazirpur CETP site 

4.15 Results of Geotechnical Investigation at Guman Hera site 

4.16 Average monthly rainfall in NCT - Delhi 

4.17 Average wind speed in NCT - Delhi 

4.18 Ambient Air Quality around Site II (Source: State of Environment Report on Delhi, 

2001) 

4.19 Ambient Air Quality around Site I & Site IV ( Source: REIA of proposed new Indl. 

Areas in Delhi) 

4.20 Ambient air quality monitored by NPC, 2002 (Site I) 

4.21 Noise Level (Site I)

Table. 

No. 

Content 


4.23 Noise Level (Site I) 


4.25 Noise Level (Site I) 

4.26 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site I 

4.27 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site II 

4.28 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site III 

4.29 Population distribution within 5 km radius from Site IV 

4.30 Landuse around Site I & Site IV 

4.31 Landuse around Site II 

4.32 Landuse around Site III 

5.1 Evaluation of Bawana Relocational Industrial Site (Locational criteria) 

5.2 Evaluation of Wazirpur CETP Site (Locational criteria) 

5.3 Evaluation of Guman Hera Site (Locational criteria) 

5.4 Evaluation of Old Bawana Site (Locational criteria) 

5.5 Summarised evaluation all the sites (Locational Criteria) 

5.6 Detailed evaluation of Site I as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria) 

5.7 Detailed evaluation of Site II as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria) 

5.8 Detailed evaluation of Site III as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria) 

5.9 Detailed evaluation of Site IV as per Delphi technique (MOEF criteria) 

5.10 Detailed evaluation of Site I as per criteria adapted by NPC 

5.11 Detailed evaluation of Site II as per criteria adapted by NPC 

5.12 Detailed evaluation of Site III as per criteria adapted by NPC 

5.13 Detailed evaluation of Site IV as per criteria adapted by NPC 

7.1 Impacts Checklist 

7.2 Weighted Impacts without Mitigation Measures 

7.3 Weighted Impacts with Mitigation Measures 

8.1 Environmental Management Plan

List of Figures 

Figure 

Content 

No. 

2.1 Location of 28 Approved IAEs in NCT of Delhi 

2.2 Pattern of Hazardous Waste Generation in Each IAEs 

2.3 Distribution of Total Quantity of Hazardous Wastes for PCT, Incineration, 

Recycle/Reuse, SLF Disposal. 

2.4 Management Plan for Various Types of Hazardous Wastes Generated from 

Major Industrial Estates/Areas 

2.5 Distribution of Hazardous Wastes for PCT, Incineration and Recycle/Reuse 

4.1 Administrative blocks of NCT - Delhi 

4.2 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site I ( Bawana Relocational 

Industrial Complex) 

4.3 Layout of proposed site I (Bawana Relocational Industrial Complex ) 

4.4 Layout of proposed site II ( near Wazirpur CETP) 

4.5 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site II ( Wazirpur CETP) 

4.6 Layout of proposed site III (near village Guman Hera) 

4.7 Major roads and settlements around the proposed site III ( near village) 

4.8 Layout of proposed site IV (old Bawana site) 

4.9 Physiographic regions of NCT- Delhi 

4.10 Drainage system in NCT - Delhi 

4.11 Drainage map around proposed site I & IV 

4.12 Drainage map around proposed site II 

4.13 Drainage map around proposed site III 

4.14 Groundwater/Surfacewater sampling locations within 5 km radius from 

proposed Site I 


proposed Site II 


proposed Site III 

4.17 Groundwater flow direction in NCT- Delhi, 2000 

4.18 Ground water table in NCT- Delhi, 1999 

4.19 Geological and Geomorphological units of NCT Delhi 

4.20 Depth to bedrock in NCT- Delhi 

4.21 Soils of NCT- Delhi 

4.22 Drainage classes in NCT - Delhi ( based on permeability of soil) 

4.23 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site I ( Based Geotechnical 

investigation)

4.24 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site II ( Based Geotechnical 

investigation) 

4.25 Permeability versus depth of subsoil at proposed site III ( Based Geotechnical 

investigation) 

4.26 Windrose diagram for NCT- Delhi 

4.27 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site I 

4.28 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site II 

4.29 Landuse/Landcover maps around 5 km radius from proposed site III 

4.30 Pie chart depicting the distribution of different landuse pattern within 5 km 

radius from proposed site I 


radius from proposed site II 


radius from proposed site III 

4.33 Morpho Landuse map of NCT- Delhi ( Source: GSI) 

4.34 Land suitability/ land capability map of NCT- Delhi ( Source: GSI) 

4.35 Future landuse plan around proposed site I ( within Bawana relocation industrial 

complex) 

4.36 Flood prone areas in NCT- Delhi 

4.37 Map showing Saline/ brackish groundwater zone, bad land, groundwater 

overdraft, Seasonally/perennially logged tract in NCT- Delhi 

4.38 Seismicity map of NCT- Delhi 

4.39 Map showing iso seismals in NCT - Delhi 

6.1 Layout of Secured Landfill Facility 

6.2 Double composite liner system (Bottom Liner system) 

6.3 Final cover system 

PhotoPlates 

1 Proposed site I located within Bawana relocation industrial complex. A 

rice mill is seen in the background. Also seen is village Holambi Kalan in 

the background 

2. Proposed site I : A 440 KV high power tension line passing over the site. 

Dry Gogha drain is seen in front of the site.

3. Proposed site I: On going road construction adjacent to the site is seen 

in the photograph. 

4. Proposed site II: Wazirpur CETP adjacent to the proposed site is seen in 

the photograph. 

5. Proposed site II adjacent to Wazirpur CETP. JJ cluster is seen in the 

background. 

6 Proposed site II: Ashok vihar Ph - II residential area is seen in the 

background. 

7. JJ clusters encroaching the proposed site at Wazirpur. Also seen is 

stagnant pool of water. 

8. Azadpur railway passing by the site. 

9. Proposed site III located near village Guman Hera. A stagnant pool of 

water is seen near the site. Wild Bushes are grown within the proposed 

site. 

10. Najafgarh drain passing near the proposed site III 

11. Geotechnical investigations at site II (Setup is shown) 

12. Geotechnical investigations at site II (Drilling being done at the site) 

13. Geotechnical investigations at site III (Setup is shown) 

14. Geotechnical investigations at site III (Drilling being done at the site) 

15. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I 

16. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I 

17. Ambient air monitoring set up at proposed site I

Executive Summary 

Page No 1(9) 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Due to indiscriminate disposal of hazardous waste on land or low lying areas in NCT 

of Delhi, an urgent need was felt to develop a common hazardous waste landfill 

facility for all the industrial units operating in 28 approved industrial estates/areas. 

This requires identification of suitable site through Environmental Impact 

Assessment process. 

In view of this, Department of Environment, Government of N.C.T-Delhi has 

entrusted National Productivity Council to conduct Rapid Environmental Impact 

Assessment (EIA) studies for the following pre-identified hazardous waste disposal 

sites for one season only: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Site I: Site located at Bawana Industrial Relocation Complex, 

Site II: Site located adjacent to Wazirpur CETP, 

Site III: Site located near village Guman Hera 

(iv) In addition, one more site close to Bawana Industrial Area identified by the 

Department of Environment (DOE), Government of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97 for 

which EIA studies had been conducted by NPC in 1997 has been included for 

comparison purpose. 

Hazardous waste generation in NCT - Delhi 

As per the report titled " Inventorisation of Hazardous waste generated from 

approved industrial areas/estates in NCT of Delhi, 2000", total of 2,37,757 (approx.) 

Kg/d of hazardous waste is expected from the approved industrial estates/areas. If 

all the 15 CETPs in Delhi become operational, then anticipated sludge quantity from 

them is 57.46 m 3 /d. 

The distribution of total quantity of hazardous waste for Physico-chemical treatment, 

Incineration, Recycle/reuse and disposal to Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) is shown 

in figure below: 

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi


Page No 2(9) 

( 89.64 %) 

136455 

kg/d 

(4.49%) 

6840 

kg/d 

(0.068 %) 

104 

kg/d 

1877 

kg/d 

(1.23%) 

6954 

kg/d 

(4.57%) 

PCT (liquid) 

Incineration 

Recovery/ reuse 

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 

SLF 

The management plan for different industrial estates/areas is shown in figure below: 

50000,0 

HW 

gen 

era 

ted 

(kg/ 

d) 

45000,0 

40000,0 

35000,0 

30000,0 

WZP 

25000,0 

20000,0 

15000,0 

10000,0 

RUN 

SSI 

OIA 

MP 

Badli 

Narela 

5000,0 

0,0 

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28 

PCT (liquid) 400,0 200,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2600,0 250,0 2850,0 6104,0 0,0 125,0 950,0 0,0 

Incineration 28,4 29,8 1,4 0,5 3,4 0,9 366,5 0,1 45,9 527,3 36,9 5,2 25,6 17,9 

Recovery/ reuse 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 7,1 0,0 7,6 51,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,1 0,0 7,6 61,3 37,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 

SLF 43901,3 5336,6 2554,6 13198,4 2584,4 14652,4 9785,7 6073,4 690,7 7443,0 10342,0 3066,2 5995,3 8111,4 

IE Code 

The total quantity of hazardous wastes which is estimated to be 87,000 m 3 /annum 

from all the 28 approved industrial estates/areas (including CETPs) shall be 

disposed off in engineered landfill facility. 


Area required for developing engineered landfill facility 


Page No 3(9) 

For developing a SLF for disposal of 87,000 m 3 /annum of hazardous waste, 26.35 

hectares of land is required for 20 years. 

Assessment and Evaluation of Sites from Environmental angle 

All the four pre-identified sites were assessed with respect to the locational criterias 

stipulated by CPCb, MOEf and that adapted by NPC. The compliance of the criterias 

by the four sites is summarised below: 

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline Internationally 

followed Criteria 

adapted by NPC 

Bawana 

relocation 

al 

industrial 

site 

Conforms to 

all 

Does not conform to - 

• The site shall be more than 25 

Km away from ecologically and 

or other sensitive areas 

Conforms to all 

Wazirpur 

CETP site 

Old 

Bawana 

site 

Conforms 

all 

Conforms 

all 

to 

to 

• The site shall be 25 km away 

from the projected growth 

boundary of the settlement for 

(atleast a decade) 

• 1/2 km away from railway line 

or highway 


Conforms to all . 

Guman 

Hera site 

Conforms to 

all 









Further, detailed site investigation was carried out for all the four sites with respect to 

geotechnical properties, hydrological/hydrogeological, geological, soil, ambient air 

quality, landuse/landcover, meteorology, demography,etc. 

Based on the environmental settings, the sites were evaluated as per the Delphi 

technique stipulated by MOEF and by the internationally followed criteria adapted by 

NPC. 



Page No 4(9) 

The scores obtained by all the proposed sites as per the evaluation criteria 

mentioned above are summarised as given below: 

Potential Site 

As per MOEF Ranking 

system 

As per the 

internationally 

followed criteria 


Sensitivity 

Index 

Rank Score Rank 

Site I (within Bawana 

relocation industrial 

complex) 

Site II (near Wazirpur 

CETP) 

Site III (near village Guman 

Hera) 

417 III 322 III 

406 II 339 II 

360 I 347 I 

Site IV (Old Bawana Site) 474 IV 320 IV 

As per MOEF criteria, the site with more score poses more risks to human health 

and environment. Development of SLF at Site III exhibit least potential hazard, 

therefore, is the most suitable site. 

Similarly, for a site to be selected (under the criteria adapted by NPC followed 

internationally), it should have a minimum score of 300. A site with a score of 400 is 

ideal. All the sites have scored more than 300. However, Site III has the highest 

score. 

The brief descriptions of the sites concluded from the investigation studies is as 

given below: 

Potential Site Major negative attributes Major positive attributes 

Site I (within 

Bawana 

relocation 


complex) 

Area 

available is 6 

hectares 

(i) 

This site falls within the 

groundwater recharge 

zone of western Yamuna 

canal. The groundwater 

water table varies from 

0.75 to 4.5 m bgl. There is 

fresh water aquifer 

available at 30 - 40 m bgl 

which poses the risk of 

potential groundwater 

contamination. 

(i) 

(ii) 

The site is located in 

the proposed Bawana 

relocational industrial 

complex. 

It is located away from 

the major settlements 

in the region. Thus 

posing low impact on 

human beings. 

(ii) 

It is located 15 - 25 Km 

away from the major waste 


generating industrial 

estates. Therefore cost of 

transportation of waste 

would be high. 


Page No 5(9) 

(iii) Permeability of sub soil ( 

upto 4 m) ranges from 4.1 

x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec 

which is comparatively 

high. 

(iv) 

A High power tension line 

passes over the site. This 

limits the height of the 

landfill and thereby 

reduces the life of the 

landfill facility. 

(v) The area available is 

sufficient for development 

of landfill facility for only 3 

years. 

(vi) 

The site is adjacent to 60m 

wide highway (under 

construction). 

Site II (near 

Wazirpur 

CETP) 

Area 

available is 

1.3 Hectares 

(i) 

(ii) 

The site is located within a 

very thickly populated area. 

The total area of the site is 

too small. It is sufficient for 

developing a landfill facility 

of only 1 year life. 

(i) The groundwater is 

available below 13.5 m 

bgl. The groundwater 

quality is saline and 

has hardness 

exceeding the drinking 

water standards. 

(iii) 

The site is within 500 m 

from railway line. 

(iv) Permeability of soil is 

comparatively high (1.8 x 

10 -4 to 8.3 x 10 -7 cm/sec). 

Site III (near 

village Guman 

Hera) 

Area 

available is 

56 Hectares 

(i) The site is located at 30 - 

40 Km away from major 

industrial estates which will 

increase transportation 

cost. 

(ii) 

Permeability of sub soil is 

(i) 

(ii) 

Area available is large 

enough for developing 

a facility for more than 

20 years 

The site is far away 

located from major 


high (4.5 x 10- 4 to 6.3 x 10- 

6 cm/sec) 


Page No 6(9) 

settlements in the 

region. 

(iii) The fresh water is 

available below 30 - 40 

m bgl. 

Site IV (Old 

Bawana Site) 

Area 

available is 

60 Hectares 

(i) 

The site is under protected 

Forest land. 

(ii) The site is within 

groundwater recharge 

zone by western Yamuna 

canal. Also it has shallow 

groundwater table. 

(i) The site has sufficient 

land area for developing a 

landfill facility for more than 

20 years. 

(iii) 

The site is about 500m 

from Bawana - Narela 

road. 

Permeability of the soil is 

comparatively high ( 5.1 to 32.4 x 

10 -7 cm/sec). 

Based on the ranking of MOEF as well as internationally followed criteria, Site 

III located near village Guman Hera is proposed for development of SLF for 

disposal of hazardous waste. 

The environmental impacts of developing and operating the SLF at the proposed site 

near village Guman Hera were assessed. In order to mitigate the adverse 

environmental impacts, mitigation measures have been proposed. Accordingly, 

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which shall be followed 

at the sites for disposal of hazardous waste in environmentally sound manner. 

The mitigation measures to be taken are summarised in the following action points: - 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Provide Protective Gears (such as Full sleeve apron, gumboots, mask, Gloves 

etc) to workers 

Training to workers for safe handling of wastes. 

Leachate collection, treatment and disposal (systematic collection and 

treatment of the leachate generated in the landfill facility). 

Periodic Environmental Quality monitoring for ground water and ambient air 

around site. 


Κ 

Κ 


Page No 7(9) 

Green belt development surrounding the facility in order to abate air & noise 

pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage. 

Periodic water spray in order to suppress dust while carrying out excavation 

and construction activities 

After implementation of proposed EMP and mitigation measures, the disposal of 

hazardous waste at the recommended site shall be considered as environmentally 

sound process as it will take care of the following: 

• Ground water and soil protection through the provisions of an impermeable base 

of the facility, lined drain and disposal of non compatible waste in different cells. 

• Surface water protection through diversion of surface run-on and installation of 

leachate treatment plant. 

The Environmental Impact Statement for the site at Guman Hera is as given below: 

1. The total area of the site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres). However, 

the area required for developing SLF for 20 years is only 26.35 hectares. The 

land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT - 

Delhi. 

2. The site lies in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation, 

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools. The site 

falls in structural sag zone. It is located in wastelands within a dominantly 

agricultural landuse. 

3. There is no human population within 1 km distance of the site. The nearest 

village is Guman Hera, which is 1 km away. The site is adjacent to a 

"Gaushala" (Cow shelter). However, there is no regular use by inhabitants in 

the Gaushala. 

4. The nearest surface water body is Najafgarh drain, which is about 500 m 

away from the site. 

5. The groundwater table is available at 4.5 m b.g.l. The base of the landfill 

should be atleast 2 m above the groundwater table. So a Double Composite 

Liner system is proposed to be installed at the bottom of the landfill to prevent 

the percolation of leachate to the ground water. The quality of water at this 

level is however, saline. The fresh water aquifer in this area is available at a 

depth beyond 35 m bgl. 

6. As reported, the proposed site does not fall under any notified forest. 

7. There is no navigable river or stream within the 100 m distance of the site. 

8. As reported, the proposed site does not fall under flood prone area of the 

Yamuna River. Therefore, developing the secured landfill facility at the 

proposed site is not having the risk of flood. 



Page No 8(9) 

9. The geo-technical investigations results at the site shows that the sub-soil 

strata from existing ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists predominantly of 

fine grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However, the 

sub-soil strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of coarse 

grained soils i.e. silty sand (SP-SM). The depth to bed rock at the site is more 

than 300m b.g.l. 

10. The quality of the groundwater shows: (I) Lead concentration values exceed 

0.05 ppm in 1 U/s, 4 D/s locations, (ii) Hardness values exceed 600 ppm in 8 

locations (5 D/s, 3 U/s), (iii) Fluoride values exceed 1.5 ppm in 2 U/s, 2 D/s 

locations, (iv) TDS value exceeds 2000 ppm in 3 U/s, 5 D/s locations. 

11. Based on 50 years rainfall data, average annual rainfall is reported to be 

905.32 mm. 

12. Based on monitoring of ambient air quality at the site for 3 days (24 hours 

continuously), concentration of SPM, SO x and NO x at the site were in the 

range of 145 - 160, 1.6 - 1.8 and 1.5 - 2.1 ug/nm 3 respectively. The presence 

of the SPM, SO x and NO x in ambient air quality is well below the prescribed 

national Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial areas/residential areas. 

13. While carrying out excavation and construction of the landfill, periodic water 

spray has been recommended in order to suppress dust. 

14. Based on the findings of EIA studies, the above project can be considered as 

less polluting project 

15. The leachate generated secured landfill facility will be collected systematically 

in the collection pit and will be pumped to the Treatment Plant for further 

treatment before disposal into environment. 

16. To prevent soil erosion after closure of the facility, vegetative cover will be 

developed on top of the liner system. 

17. Green belt will be developed surrounding the secured landfill facility in order 

to abate air & noise pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage. 

18. The development of this facility will facilitate the systematic collection, 

storage, handling, transportation, processing and disposal of the hazardous 

wastes generated from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in Delhi without 

effecting the surrounding environment. This would result in improvement in 

the general environment within the region. 

19. Development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous wastes will 

involve many activities as described in the report. This will increase the 

opportunities of employment for the local people, which is a positive aspect of 

the project. 

20. Continuous monitoring of ground water and ambient air during operation and 

closure of landfill facility is recommended to be carried out in the surrounding 



Page No 9(9) 

area of the facility. This will continue for 30 years even after the closure of the 

facility. 

--------------------------------- 

----------------- 


Rapid EIA Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in NCT - Delhi: 

Page No.1 

1.1 BACKGROUND 

Chapter - 1 

INTRODUCTION 

The hazardous wastes generated from production processes and pollution control 

facilities have to be managed scientifically as per the requirement of Hazardous 

Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000 notified by Ministry of 

Environment & Forest, Govt. of India in January 2000. As per these rules, all the 

hazardous wastes have to be managed scientifically from the source of generation 

to final disposal and disposed of in secured landfill facility in environmentally safe 

manner. The small and medium scale industries are not financially capable of 

treatment & disposal of hazardous wastes individually. Therefore, all the hazardous 

waste generated in Delhi are being disposed of indiscriminately into the land and 

sometimes even on water bodies also. Therefore, an urgent need was felt to identify 

suitable site(s) in Delhi whereon the secured landfill facility can be developed for the 

disposal of hazardous wastes generated by the industrial units of Delhi in 

environmentally safe manner. In order to identify suitable site(s) for the development 

of facilities for scientific disposal of hazardous wastes, EIA studies have to be 

carried out. In view of this, Department of Environment, Government of N.C.T-Delhi 

has entrusted National Productivity Council to conduct Environmental Impact 

Assessment (EIA) studies for the following pre-identified hazardous waste disposal 

sites: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Site located at Bawana Industrial Relocation Complex, 

Site located adjacent to Wazirpur CETP, 

Site located near village Guman Hera 

In addition, there is one more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by the 

Department of Environment (DOE), Government of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97. The 

EIA studies for the same had been conducted by NPC in 1997. As per the 

requirement of DOE the findings of the EIA Studies (1997), have also been 

incorporated in this report for evaluation of site. 

1.2 OBJECTIVE 

The main objective of the study is to conduct Rapid Environmental Impact 

Assessment study for the three pre-identified potential sites from the technical and 

environmental angle limited to one season only, in order to select a suitable site for 

the development of a Hazardous waste disposal facility. 

1.3 SCOPE OF WORK 

In order to achieve the above objective, the following scope of work has been 

envisaged: 

Environment Division, National Productivity Council, New Delhi 

1


Page No.2 

1. To establish the base line conditions of environmental settings i.e., physiography 

of the site area, local meteorology, air, water and soil environment & ecology; 

hydrology/ hydro-geology, geology/ geo-technology and demography. 

2. To review the published baseline data/ information with regard to the location of 

the three potential sites. 

3. To prepare the existing land-use/ land cover maps covering 5 km. area around 

each site based on remote sensing imagery. 

4. Investigation and evaluation of the three potential sites as per the "Criteria for 

Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by the Central Pollution Control Board in 

February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000-2001) and the Guidelines for Siting of 

Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities published by Ministry of 

Environment & Forests on 1991. 

5. To identify adverse environmental impacts due to development of hazardous 

waste disposal facility at the proposed site and suggest appropriate mitigation 

measures required. 

6. To assess residual environmental impacts, if any, after implementation of 

suggested mitigation measures which have to be incorporated during the 

development of hazardous waste disposal facility. 

7. To prepare conceptual design of secured landfill facility at the proposed site for 

the disposal of hazardous waste. 

8. To carry out Environmental Impact Analysis, ranking of the sites and prepare 

Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed project. 

9. To prepare Environmental Management Plan for the scientific operation and 

management of hazardous waste disposal facility. 

10. To prepare contingency plan for emergencies arising out of development & 

operation of secured landfill facility at the proposed site. 

1.4 METHODOLOGY 

To carry out the above mentioned scope of work following methodology was 

adopted: 

(i) 

Establishment of the base line conditions of environmental settings i.e., 

physiography of the site area, local meteorology, air, water and soil 

environment & ecology; hydrology/ hydro-geology, geology/geotechnology 

and demography. 

• Baseline data/ information were collected/established with regard to the 

distance of the site from the existing lake or pond, river, flood plain, highway, 

habitation, public park, critical habitat area, wet lands, airports, water supply 

well, coastal regulation zone. 


1


Page No.3 

• Local meteorological data (rainfall, temperature, wind direction, seismicity 

etc.) for the potential sites were collected from Indian Meteorological 

Department. 

• Monitoring of surface water resources, ground water and ambient air was 

carried out at and around three potential sites in order to establish the base 

line conditions of surface and ground water quality and ambient air quality. 

• Soil sampling and analysis of soil characteristics were carried out through soil 

experts. 

• Hydrologic features of the catchment areas and seasonal fluctuations in 

ground water table, etc. were obtained from Central Ground Water Board. 

These details were studied to assess hydro-geological conditions of the area. 

• Data regarding the geological and geo-technical features of the sites were 

collected from concerned departments. 

• The movement and direction of ground water flow were assessed based on 

the data available from Central Ground Water Board. 

(ii) Review of the published baseline data/ information with regard to the 

location of the three potential sites. 

• Locations of the three potential sites were evaluated based on the baseline 

data/ information collected regarding location of the sites. 

(iii) Preparation of the existing land-use/ land cover maps covering 5 km. area 

around each site based on remote sensing imagery. 

• The services of expert agencies were employed to prepare the land use/ land 

cover maps covering 5 km area around each site based on remote sensing 

imagery obtained for suitable time slot from INSAT 2B/ 2C Satellite. 

(iv) Investigation and evaluation of the three potential sites as per the 

"Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by the Central 

Pollution Control Board in February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000-2001) and 

the Guidelines for Siting of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal 

Facilities published by Ministry of Environment & Forests on 1991. 

• Three potential sites were investigated and evaluated based on the baseline 

data collected as per the "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by 

the Central Pollution Control Board in February 2001 (HAZWAMS/17/2000- 

2001). The potential sites were also evaluated as per the Guidelines for Siting 

of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities published by Ministry 

of Environment & Forests on 1991. 


1


Page No.4 

• In addition, the sites were evaluated as per the "Site Assessment and Site 

Evaluation" criteria developed/adapted by NPC based on the practices 

followed in other developed countries. 

(v) Identification of adverse environmental impacts due to development of 

hazardous waste disposal facility at the proposed site and suggesting 

appropriate mitigation measures required. 

(vi) Preparation of Environmental Management Plan for the scientific 

operation and management of hazardous waste disposal facility. 

• Environmental Management Plan is prepared for the scientific operation and 

management of hazardous waste disposal facility. 

(vii) Preparation of contingency plan for emergencies arising out of 

development of secured landfill facility at the proposed site. 

• A contingency plan prepared listing procedures to be executed immediately 

whenever there is emergency like fire, explosion or unexpected release of 

leachate etc. 

NPC’s Environmental Laboratory (approved by CPCB under Environmental 

Protection Act, 1986) was used for the analysis of surface & ground water 

samples and ambient air quality monitoring. 


1


Page No.5 

Chapter - 2 

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NCT OF DELHI 

INTRODUCTION 

National Productivity Council (NPC) had carried out "Inventorisation of Hazardous 

Wastes Generated from Approved Industrial Areas/ Estates in NCT of Delhi" in the 

year 2001 as per the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment 

Rules, 2000 on behalf of Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). The report 

submitted to DPCC covers the inventorisation and classification of polluting units in 

each of the 28 approved industrial areas/ estates of Delhi, according to their 

respective industrial sector/ sub sector. The data/ information regarding the 

management of hazardous waste generated in NCT of Delhi is referred from the 

above report and is given below. 

As per the above report, there are a total of 28 approved industrial areas/ estates 

(IAEs) in Delhi. The Location of 28 approved IAEs is shown in Fig 2.1. 


1


Page No.6 


1



Page No.7 

The status of Industrial Units in Approved Industrial Areas in NCT of Delhi is given 

below. 

• Total No. of Responding units : 13,785 

• Total No. of polluting units : 3,680 

• Total No. of Dry units : 10,105 

• Total no. of air polluting units : 1263 

• Total no. of wastewater generating units : 1778 

• Total no. of hazardous waste generating units : 2613 

HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATING INDUSTRIAL SECTORS & 

SUB-SECTORS 

The industrial sectors and sub sectors generating hazardous waste streams, along 

with their categories, are given in Table 2.1. 

Table 2.1: Hazardous waste generating industrial sectors & sub-sectors 

Industrial 

sector 

[As per H W (M & H) Amendment Rules, 2000] 

Sub sector Waste streams Waste category 

Sch. 1 Sch. 2 

Assembly Electrical transformers Waste lacquer residue 21.1 

Battery Manufacture of Lead 

acid battery 

Lead ash 4.1 

Lead & Lead 

compounds (formation 

sludge, sweeping dust) 

Recondition / 

Battery acids 41.3 

Recharging 

Casting Aluminum Oven debris 9.3 

Flue gas cleaning 

39.4 

residue 

Iron Cupola oven dust 7.1 


39.4 

residue 

Brass 

Heavy metal 

10.1 

containing oven debris 


39.4 

residue 

Copper 

Heavy metal 

10.1 



39.4 

residue 

Lead Lead slag 4.2 


39.4 

residue 

Zinc 

Heavy metal 

10.1 



residue 

39.4 

B4 

(Class B) 

1


Page No.8 

Industrial 

sector 

Chemicals Cosmetics 

Electronic 

componen 

ts 

Glass 


Food colours & Dyes 

Residue of chemical 

raw materials and 

additives 

Sludge from waste 

Sch. 1 Sch. 2 

33.1 

22.2 

water treatment 

Ink Ink residue 21.1 

Adhesive products Adhesive residue 22.1 

Pesticide formulation Pesticide residue 35.1 

Pharmaceutical 

formulation 

Residues from 

production of 

medicines 

34.1 

Paints Paint residue 21.1 

PCB manufacturing Etching sludge 16.1 

Glass etching with HF 

Acid 

Sludge from treatment 

of wastewater 

containing HF acid 

39.2 

Machining With cutting oil Spent lubricating oil 44.2 

Heat Case hardening Cyanide containing 11.1 

Treatment 

sludge 

Hardening salt 11.2 

Leather Dyeing & Fat liquoring Chromium bearing 42.2 

(Post tanning) sludge 

Metal 

finishing 

Cu wire drawing Copper compounds 

(Bath sludge) 

Pickling ETP sludge 17.1 

Anodizing ETP sludge 17.1 

Enameling Residues of coatings 21.1 

Gold & Silver plating ETP sludge 17.1 

Hot dip coating Spent bath 16.3 

(Galvanizing) 

Lacquering & ETP sludge 17.1 

Metallizing 

MS wire drawing ETP sludge 17.1 

Ni - Cr plating ETP sludge 17.1 

Painting Paint sludge 21.1 

Phosphating ETP sludge 17.1 

Zn plating ETP sludge 17.1 

Printing Printing only Printing ink residue 25.1 

Plate making Developer residue 26.1 

Fixer residue 26.2 

Plate making & 

printing 

Developer residue 26.1 

Fixer residue 26.2 

B3 

(Class B) 


1


Page No.9 

Industrial 

sector 

Service 

station 

Textile 

(wet 

processin 

g) 


Sch. 1 Sch. 2 

Printing accessories Ink residue 21.1 

Cars, Jeeps etc. Oil containing sludge & 43.1 

oil emulsion 

Heavy vehicles Oil containing sludge & 43.1 

oil emulsion 

Scooters, auto etc. Oil containing sludge & 43.1 

oil emulsion 

Repairing of auto Oil containing sludge & 43.1 

parts 

oil emulsion 

Bleaching & Dyeing of ETP sludge 

22.2bis 

cotton fabrics 

including printing 

Bleaching & Dyeing of 

synthetic fabrics 

including printing 

Bleaching & dyeing of 

cotton & synthetic 

yarn 

ETP sludge 

ETP sludge 

Wood Timber processing Wood preservative 

residue 

Food Mineral water Heavy metal 

containing residue 

from used ion 

exchange material in 

the water purification 

22.2bis 

22.2bis 

36.3 

39.3 

Recycling Ferrous Cupola oven dust 7.1 


39.4 

residue 

Non ferrous 

Heavy metal 

10.1 



residue 

39.4 

2.3 EXISTING HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 

The wastes generated from these approved industrial areas are reported to be 

managed unscientifically due to non existence of any organised waste disposal 

system. The hazardous wastes are being disposed off indiscriminately on open land 

or low-lying areas or along with the municipal solid wastes, within or outside the 

premises of units. 


1

Rapid EIA Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in NCT - Delhi: Page 

No.10 

2.4 QUANTITY & CATEGORY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM 

INDUSTRIAL UNITS 

The quantity of hazardous waste generated along with no. of hazardous waste 

generating industries from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in NCT of Delhi are 

given below. 

• Total no. of hazardous waste generating industries out of : 2,613 

total responding units (13,785 nos.) 

• Total quantity of hazardous waste (kg per day) generated: 1,51,588 

from these units : 

• Total quantity of Sludge from Proposed CETPs : 57 

As per NEERI's Report (m 3 per day) 

Since no information is available about the hazardous waste generated from nonresponding/closed/shifted 

units (7,836 nos.), the quantity of hazardous waste 

generated from these units has been estimated to be 86,169 kg/day by statistically 

extrapolating in the same proportion as established for responding units. Therefore, 

the total quantity of hazardous waste is anticipated to be about 238 tonnes/day. The 

pattern of hazardous waste generation in each industrial estate/area is shown in Fig 

2.2. 

IE wise HW generation pattern 

50000 

45000 

29.2% 

40000 

HW generated (kg/day) 

35000 

30000 

25000 

20000 

15000 

10000 

9.7% 

8.7% 

9.3% 

8.4% 

6.9% 

4.2% 

4.6% 5.4% 

5000 

0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

IE Code 

WZP RUN SSI OIA MP BADLI 

TOTAL: 151584 Kg/d 

Fig-2.2: Industrial Estate wise Hazardous Waste Pattern. 

The quantity of waste oil generated from DG sets as source of stand by power 

installed by industrial units in each industrial area/ estate, is reported to be about 

1654 m 3 per year. 


1


No.11 

2.6 PROPOSED DISPOSAL OPTIONS FOR DIFFERENT 

CATEGORIES OF HAZARDOUS WASTES 

The management of hazardous waste would require the following aspects 

Collection and handling of hazardous wastes at Unit level 

Temporary Storage Facility of hazardous waste at each Industrial 

Estate/area. 

Transportation of hazardous wastes from the individual unit to 

Temporary Storage Facility and from Temporary Storage Facility to common 

"treatment, storage & disposal facility" (TSDF) 

Pre-treatment Facility of hazardous wastes at TSDF 

Final Disposal at TSDF 

The TSDF comprises of waste receiving facility, laboratory facility for 

characterisation, temporary storage facility, pre-treatment unit (physicochemical 

treatment) and secured landfill facility. 

The distribution of total quantity of hazardous waste for Physico-chemical treatment, 

Incineration, Recycle/reuse and disposal to Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) is shown 

in Fig 2.3. The management plan for the various types of hazardous wastes 

generated from major industrial estates/ areas is shown in Fig 2.4. From this it can 

be observed that the maximum quantity of landfill disposable hazardous waste i.e. 

about 32 % of total landfill disposable waste is generated from Wazirpur Industrial 

area (1) followed by 11 % from SSI Industrial area (7). From other industrial areas 

the quantity of landfill disposable waste varies from 3 to 7 % of total landfill 

disposable waste. As the quantity of hazardous wastes to be disposed of in SLF is 

as high as 90 % of total quantity of hazardous wastes generated, the distribution of 

remaining 10 % hazardous wastes for Physico-chemical treatment, Incineration and 

Recycle/reuse is shown in Fig 2.5. 

Fig 2.3: 

( 89.64 %) 

136455 

kg/d 

Distribution of 

Total Quantity of 

Hazardous Waste 

for PCT, 

Incineration, 

Recovery/Reuse 

& SLF Disposal. 

(4.49%) 6840 

kg/d 

(0.068 %) 

104 

kg/d 

1877 

kg/d 

(1.23%) 

6954 

kg/d 

(4.57%) 

PCT (liquid) 

Incineration 

Recovery/ reuse 

Recovery/ reuse (liquid) 

SLF 


1


No.12 

Page 

50000,0 

HW 

gen 

era 

ted 

(kg/ 

d) 

45000,0 

40000,0 

35000,0 

30000,0 

WZP 

25000,0 

20000,0 

15000,0 

10000,0 

RUN 

SSI 

OIA 

MP 

Badli 

Narela 

5000,0 

0,0 

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28 

PCT (liquid) 400,0 200,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2600,0 250,0 2850,0 6104,0 0,0 125,0 950,0 0,0 




SLF 43901,3 5336,6 2554,6 13198,4 2584,4 14652,4 9785,7 6073,4 690,7 7443,0 10342,0 3066,2 5995,3 8111,4 

IE Code 

Fig 2.4 : Plan for major hazardous waste generating IA/Es 

7000,00 

6000,00 

MP 

Ha 

z 

W 

ast 

e 

ge 

ne 

rat 

ed 

(k 

g/ 

5000,00 

4000,00 

3000,00 

2000,00 

1000,00 

OIA Naraina AP 

0,00 

1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 26 28 

PCT (liquid) 400,00 200,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2600,00 250,00 2850,00 6104,00 0,00 125,00 950,00 0,00 




IE Code 

Fig 2.5: Plan for major hazardous waste generating IE/As (Haz. Wastes excluding SLF 

disposable wastes) 


1


No.13 

Based on the above scenario of hazardous waste genreation, the conceptualised 

design of common secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous waste in NCT of 

Delhi is given in Chapter 6. 

The total quantity of hazardous wastes which is estimated to be 87,000 m 3 /annum 

from all the 28 approved industrial estates/areas (including CETPs) shall be 

disposed off in engineered landfill facility. The engineered landfill facility shall be 

developed at the best-suited site among the pre-identified potential sites as per the 

findings of rapid EIA studies. 


1


No.14 

3.1 INTRODUCTION 

Page 

Chapter - 3 

SITE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION CRITERIA 

The site assessment requires the technical evaluation of various key factors, based on information on 

distribution & flow paths of ground water, barriers like aquifers, aquicludes etc. and their hydraulic 

properties. The sites have been evaluated for its suitability for developing secured landfill facility for 

disposal of hazardous waste not only based on the data collected from secondary sources but also 

based on the primary data generated by NPC. 

3.2 CPCB CRITERIA FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS 

("Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series: 

HAZWAMS/17/2000-01). 

3.2.1 Applicability 

The criteria stated hereafter apply to owners and operators of facilities that dispose hazardous waste 

in landfills. The term 'hazardous waste landfill' (HW Landfill) is used to designate a waste disposal 

unit, designed and constructed with the objective of minimum impact to the environment. This term 

encompasses other terms such as "secured landfill", "engineered landfill", "waste mounds", "waste 

piles" etc. 

3.2.2 Locational Criteria 

As per the criteria given the hazardous waste landfill sites shall not be located within a certain 

distance (as the case may be) from the following: 

Lakes 

Ponds 

Rivers 

Wetlands 

Flood plains 

Highways 

Habitation 

Critical habitat area 

Water supply wells 

Airports 

Coastal zone 

(a) 

Lake or Pond: 

No landfill shall normally be constructed within 200 m of any lake or pond. Because of concerns 

regarding runoff of waste contaminated water, a surface water monitoring network with approval of 

DPCC shall be established. 

(b) 

River: 

No landfill shall be constructed within 100 m of a navigable river or stream. 


1


No.15 

(c) Flood Plain: 

Page 

No landfill shall be constructed within a 100-year flood plain. A landfill may be built within the flood 

plains of secondary streams if an embankment is built along the stream side to avoid flooding of the 

area. However, landfills must not be built within the flood plains of major rivers unless properly 

designed protection embankments are constructed around the landfills. 

(d) 

Highway: 

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of the "right-of-way" of any state or national highway. 

(e) 

Habitation: 

A landfill site shall be at least 500 m from a notified habitate area. A zone of 500 m around a landfill 

boundary should be declared a no-development buffer zone after the landfill location is finalized. 

(f) 

Public parks: 

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of a public park. 

(g) 

Critical Habitat Area: 

No landfill shall be constructed within critical habitat areas including reserved forest areas. A critical 

habitat area is defined as the area in which one or more endangered species live. It is sometimes 

difficult to identify a critical habitat area. If there is any doubt then the DPCC shall be consulted for 

clarification. 

(h) 

Wetlands: 

No landfill shall be constructed within wetlands. It is often difficult to identify a wetland area. Maps 

may be available for some wetlands, but in many cases such maps are absent or are incorrect. If 

there is any doubt, then the DPCC shall be consulted for clarification. 

(i) 

Airports: 

No landfill shall be constructed within a zone around Airports as notified by the regulatory authority or 

the aviation authority. 

(J) 

Water Supply Well: 

No landfill shall be constructed within 500 m of any water supply well. 

(j) 

Coastal Regulation Zone: 

No landfill shall be sited in a coastal regulation zone. 

(k) 

Ground water table: 

No landfill shall be located in areas where the ground water table will be less than 2 m below the base 

of the landfill. 

3.2.3 Site Selection 

Hazardous waste landfills should preferably be located in areas of low population density, low 

alternative land use value, low ground water contamination potential and at sites having high clay 

content in the subsoil. 


1


No.16 

A HW landfill will be selected following the guidelines published by MOEF. The step by step 

procedure will be as follows: 

(i) 

(ii) 

Earmarking a 'search area' taking 'into account the location of the waste generation units and a 

'search radius' (typically 5 to 250 km). The search area will be so chosen that it minimises the 

number of HW landfills in any region or state. 

Identification of a list of potential sites on the basis of: 

(a) 

(b) 

availability of land 

collection of preliminary data 

(c) restrictions listed in the locational criteria (section 3.2.2). 

(iii) 

Collection of preliminary data as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

(g) 

(h) 

(i) 

Topographic Maps: A topographic map will help find sites that are not on natural surface 

water drains or flood plains. Topographical maps may be procured from Survey of India. 

Soil Maps: These maps, primarily meant for agricultural use, will show the types of soil 

near the surface. They are of limited use as they do not show types of soil a few meter 

below the surface. They may be procured from Indian Agricultural Research Institute. 

Land Use Plans: These plans are useful in delineating areas with definite zoning 

restrictions. There may be restrictions on the use of agricultural land or on the use of 

forest land for landfill purposes. Such maps are available with the Town Planning 

Authority or the Municipality. 

Transportation Maps: These maps, which indicate roads and railways and locations of 

airports, are used to determine the transportation needs in developing a site. 

Water Use Plans: Such maps are usually not readily available. A plan indicating the 

following items should be developed: private and public tubewells indicating the capacity 

of each well, major and minor drinking water supply line(s), water intake wells located on 

surface water bodies, and open wells. 

Flood Plain Maps: These maps are used to delineate areas that are within a 100 year 

flood plain. Landfill siting must be avoided within the flood plains of major rivers. 

Geologic Maps: These maps will indicate geologic features and bedrock levels. A 

general idea about soil type can be developed from a geological map. Such maps can 

be procured from Geological Survey of India. , 

Aerial Photographs / Satellite Imagery: Aerial photographs or satellite imageries may 

not exist for the entire search area. However such information may prove to be 

extremely helpful. Surface features such as small lakes, intermittent stream beds and 

current land use, which may not have been identified in earlier map searches, can be 

easily identified using aerial photographs. 

Ground Water Maps: Ground water contour maps are available in various regions which 

indicate the depth to ground water below the land surface as well as regional ground 

water flow patterns. Such maps should be collected from Ground water Boards or Minor 

Irrigation Tubewell Corporations, 

(j) Rainfall Data The monthly rainfall data for the region should be collected from the Indian 

Meteorological Department. 


1


No.17 

(k) Wind Map The predominant wind direction and velocities should be collected from the 

Indian Meteorological Department. 

(l) 

(m) 

Seismic Data - The seismic activity of a region is an important input in the design of 

landfills. Seismic coefficients are earmarked for various seismic zones and these can be 

obtained from the relevant BIS code or from the Indian Meteorological Department. 

Site Walk Over and Establishment of Ground Truths: A site reconnaissance will be 

conducted by a site walk-over as a part of the preliminary data collection. All features 

observed in various maps will be confirmed. Additional information pertaining to the 

following will be ascertained from nearby inhabitants (a) flooding during monsoons-, (b) 

soil type- (c) depth to G.W. table (as observed in open wells or tube wells)- (d) quality of 

groundwater and (e) depth to bedrock. 

(n) Preliminary Boreholes and Geophysical Investigation: At each site, as a part of 

preliminary data collection, one to two boreholes will be drilled and samples collected at 

every 1.5m interval to a depth of 20m below the ground surface. The following 

information will be obtained: (i) soil type and stratification; (ii) permeability of each strata, 

(iii') strength and compressibility parameters (optional)-, (iv) ground water level and 

quality and (v) depth to bedrock. In addition to preliminary boreholes, geophysical 

investigations (electrical resistivity/ seismic refraction/others) may be undertaken to 

assess the quality of bedrock at different sites. 

(iv) 

Selection of two best ranked sites from amongst the list of potential sites on the basis of the 

ranking system stipulated by MOEF (1991). 

(v) Environmental Impact Assessment for the two sites for the following parameters - 

(a) ground water quality; (b) surface water quality, (c) air quality - gases, dust, litter, odour-I 

(d) land use alteration (e) drainage alteration- (f) soil erosion, (g) ecological impacts (h) noise- 

, (i) aesthetics - visual, vermin, flies, traffic alteration-, and (k) others. 

(vi) 

(vii) 

Assessment of public perception for the two sites. 

Selection of final site. 

(viii) 

The above site selection procedure shall not be applicable for location of 

facility within industrial areas of State Industrial Development Agencies. 

However EIA requirement will apply. 

3.2.4 Site Investigation Criteria 

The data collected during the site selection is not sufficient for landfill design. To be able to 

undertake detailed design of a landfill at a selected site, it is essential to characterize landfill 

site and evaluate the parameters required for design. It is necessary that all data listed in section 

3.2.3 (iii) on "preliminary data" be collected for site characterisation. If some data has not been 

collected, the same should be obtained before site investigations are undertaken for site 

characterisation. 

As stated above, the site investigation criteria is applicable only during detailed engineering design of 

secured landfill facility, therefore, it has not been considered for EIA studies. 

MOEF GUIDELINES FOR SITING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES 

(Volume II, Guidelines for Siting of Hazardous Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities and 

Identification and Assessment of Abandoned Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites, 1991). 


1


No.18 

The siting of hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities (HWTDF) requires the synthesis of two 

distinct selection procedures, viz., a technical screening process based upon economic, engineering 

and environmental suitability and a public approval process. 

3.3.1 Considerations in Siting of Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility 

A general list of various factors to be considered for siting of hazardous waste facilities is given below: 

Physical Features 

Topography 

Land stability 

Seismic stability 

Surface soils 

Surface water and streams 

Subsurface geology and aquifers 

Wind direction 

Ecological Features 

• Flora and Fauna 

• Conservation value 

• Habitat 

Land Use feature 

Development potential 

Land use designation 

(residential/industrial) 

Agricultural value 

Transportation corridor 

Extractive industry/ mining 

Logistics 

• Proximity to users 

• Transport access 

• Availability of utilities and services (hospitals, 

fire services etc.) 

• Adjacent land use/zoning 

Human Values 

• Landscape 

• Recreation 

• Historical and archaeological 

• Population density and health status 

• Employment opportunities 

3.3.2 MOEF Stipulations for Siting of Industries 

In addition to the above factors, MOEF Stipulations for Siting of Industries should also be taken 

into consideration while siting of HWTDF. These stipulations are given below: 

• Ecologically and/ or otherwise sensitive areas: at least 25-km. The requisite distance may be 

increased depending on the geo-climatic conditions. 

• Coastal Areas: at least 1/2 km from high tide line. 

• Flood Plains of the Riverine Systems: at least 1/2 km from flood plain or modified flood plain 

affected by dam in the up stream or by flood control systems. 

• Transport/ communication systems: at least 1/2 km from highway and railway. 

• Major Settlements (3,00,000 population): distance from settlements is difficult to maintain 

because of urban sprawl. At the time of siting of the industry if any notified limit of any major 

settlement is within 50-km, the spatial direction of growth of the settlement for at least a decade 

must be assessed and the industry shall be sited at least 25-km from the projected growth 

boundary of the settlement. 


1


No.19 

3.3.3 Exclusionary Factors 

Page 

Certain factors termed as "Exclusionary Factors" should be imposed along with MOEF Stipulations 

for Siting of Industries to eliminate environmentally unsuitable sites from further analysis. These 

Exclusionary Factors are given below: 

• Seismic risk zones 

• National parks/ wildlife sanctuaries 

• Surface and subsurface mining areas 

• Coastal floor hazard areas 

• Coastal wet lands 

• Watersheds for public water supply 

• Critical recharge areas and sole source aquifers 

• Area of high well yield 

3.3.4 Ranking of Site Alternatives 

The ranking of candidate sites is to be carried out based on detailed environmental, social and 

community impacts. The methodology for ranking of site alternatives comprises following steps: 

Select attributes for evaluation of site alternatives. 

Apportion a total score of 1000 between the assessment attributes based on their importance 

through ranked pair-wise comparison technique. 

Develop Site Sensitivity Index (SSI) using Delphi Technique. 

Estimate Score for each attribute for various candidate site alternatives using SSIs. 

Add the score for individual site alternatives, to rank the alternatives based on total score. 

The attributes are listed in table-3.1 and the weightages are given in table-3.2. 

The site with the least score is less sensitive i.e., there will not be significant impacts on 

environmental quality due to locating hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities and hence, 

the most acceptable. 

Table-3.1: Site Sensitivity Indices for Selected Attributes 

Attribute 

SENSITIVITY INDEX 

0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0 

Receptor Related 

Population within 500 

meters 

0 to 100 100 to 250 250 to 1000 Greater than 

1000 

Distance to nearest 

drinking water well 

Greater than 

5000 meters 

2500 to 5000 

Meters 

1000 to 2500 

meters 

Less than 

1000 Meters 

Use of site by nearby Not used Occasional Moderate Regular 


1


No.20 

Attribute 


0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0 

residents 

Distance to nearest off Greater than 1500 to 3000 500 to 1500 Less than 500 

site building 

3000 meters meters meters meters 

Presence of major Airport Footpath Road Rail 

transportation route 

Land use/zoning Completely Agricultural Commercial Residential 

remote (zoning 

or industrial 

not applicable) 

Critical environments 

Not a critical 

environment 

Pristine natural 

area 

Pathway Related 


Wetland, 

flood, plains 

and 

preserved 

areas 

Major habitat 

of endangered 

or threatened 

specks 

Distance to nearest Greater than 1500 to 8000 500 to 1500 Less than 500 

surface water 


Depth to ground water Greater than 15 to 30 5 to 15 Less than 5 


Type of contamination No 

contamination 

Soil 


only 

Biota 


Air, water on 

food 


Precipitation 

effectiveness index * 

Less than 31 31 to 63 63 to 127 Greater than 

127 

Soil permeability Greater than 30% to 50% 15% to 30% 0% to 15 % 

50% clay clay 

Bedrock permeability Impermeable Relatively 

impermeable 

Relatively 

permeable 

Very 

permeable 

Depth to bedrock Greater than 

20 meters 

10 to 20 

meters 

3 to 10 

meters 

Less than 3 

meters 

Susceptibility to Not 

Potential Moderate Severe 

erosion & run-off susceptible 

Climatic features with No problem Moderate High Severe 

respect to Air pollution 

Susceptibility to Non existing Potential Moderate High 

seismic activity 

Waste Characteristics Related 

Toxicity 

Sax's level 

0 

Sax's level 

1 

Sax's level 

2 

Sax's level 

3 

Radioactivity 

At or less than 1 to 3 times 3 to 5 times Over 5 times 

background 

level 

background 

level 

background 

level 

background 

level 

Persistence 

Easily 

biodegradable 

compound 

Ignitability Flash point 

greater than 95 

Straight chain 

hydrocarbons 

Flash point of 

60 to 95 O C 

Substituted 

and other ring 

compounds 

Flash point of 

25 to 60 O C 

poly- 

Metals, 

cyclic 

compounds 

and 

halogenated 

hydrocarbons 

Flash point 

less than 25 

1


No.21 

Attribute 


0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.75 0.75 - 1.0 

O C 

O C 

Reactivity Stable and Unstable and Reacts Explosive and 

reacts slowly reacts violently violently and generates toxic 

forms gases when 

explosive mixed with 

mixture with water 

water 

Corrosivity pH of 6 to 8 pH of 5 to 6 pH of 3 to 5 pH of 1 to 3 

or 8 to 9 or 9 to 11 or 11 to 14 

Solubility Insoluble Slightly soluble Soluble Very soluble 

Volatility 

Vapour Vapour Vapour of 25 Vapour 

pressure less pressure of 0.1 to 78 mm Hg pressure 

than 0.1 mm to 25 mm Hg 

greater than 78 

Hg 

mm Hg 

Waste Management Practice Related 

Physical state Solid Sludge Liquid Gas 

Hazardous waste Upto 250 250 to 1000 1000 to 2000 Greater than 

quantity / annum tonnes tonnes tonnes 2000 tonnes 

Waste Incompatibility May be Heat & nontoxic 

Explosion & Toxic gas 

hazardous but 

gas fire 

generation 

unknown generation 

Co-disposal with Easily 

Partially Slightly Non- 

Municipal wastes degradable degradable degradable degradable 

Use of liners 

Clay or other Synthetic or Asphalt base No liner used 

liner resistant concrete liner 

to organic 

compounds 

Incineration with offgas 

Complete off- 

Particulate Only 

No off-gas 

cleaning 

gas clean up removal and particulate cleaning 

system gas cleaning removal 

Leachate Treatment Complete Collection and Collection and No collection 

collection and physicochemical 

biological 

treatment 

treatment 

treatment 

Security guard 

but no fence 

Site Security Secure fence 

Remote No barriers 

with lock 

location or 

breachable 

fence 

Safety measures Adequate Moderate Inadequate None 

* Precipitation effectiveness index is the sum of the 12 monthly rates of P/E, where, P is total 

monthly precipitation and E is total monthly evaporation. The value of the index is used to 

classify the regions Wet (>128), Humid (63 - 127), Sub-humid (31 - 63), Semi Arid (16 - 31) 

and Arid (


No.22 

Attribute 

Attribute Sensitivity Weightage 

Measurement Index 


80 

meters 

Distance to nearest drinking 

60 

water well 

Use of site by nearby 

50 

residents 

Distance to nearest off site 

40 

building 

Presence of major 

30 


Land use/zoning 30 

Critical environments 30 

Subtotal 320 


Distance to nearest surface 

55 

water 

Depth to ground water 45 

Type of contamination 45 

Precipitation effectiveness 

25 

index * 

Soil permeability 25 

Bedrock permeability 20 

Depth to bedrock 20 

Susceptibility to erosion & 

15 

run-off 

Climatic features with 

15 


Susceptibility to seismic 

15 

activity 

Subtotal 280 


Toxicity 50 

Radioactivity 30 

Persistence 30 

Ignitability 20 

Reactivity 20 

Corrosivity 20 

Solubility 20 

Volatility 15 

Physical state 15 

Subtotal 220 

Page 

Attribute 

Score 


Hazardous waste quantity/ 

45 

annum 

Waste Incompatibility 30 

Co-disposal with Municipal 

25 

wastes 

Use of liners 20 


1


No.23 

Attribute 

Attribute Sensitivity Weightage 

Measurement Index 

Incineration with off-gas 

20 


Leachate Treatment 20 

Site Security 10 

Safety measures 10 

Subtotal 180 

Total 1000 

Page 

Attribute 

Score 

3.4 SITE ASSESSMENT & SELECTION CRITERIA FOLLOWED IN 

OTHER COUNTRIES 

A stepwise site assessment & selection criteria has been evolved based on the procedures & 

practices followed in other developed countries and divided into following two phases. 

Phase - I: 

Phase - II: 

"Rejection or Knock out Criteria" 

"Site Identification, Investigation and Evaluation Criteria" 

Phase-I: 

Rejection or Knock out Criteria 

These criteria have been developed to reject the sites based on certain parameters such as 

characteristics of land, geology, hydro-geology, ground water conditions and ecological 

considerations etc. These criteria have been adapted from Guidelines developed for Management of 

Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites in Germany (1) and modified to suit Indian conditions. The criteria for 

rejection or knock out of the unsuitable sites are given in Table 3.3. 

Table 3.3: Rejection or Knock out Criteria 

Location of Site: 

Village 

District 

Sl. Criteria 

No. 

1 Existing or planned drinking water protection and catchment areas 

2 Flood prone areas (once in 100 years) 

3 Areas with unstable ground 

4 Closer than 300 meter to populated areas 

5 National Parks, Monuments, Forests with large no. of flora and 

fauna, Historical, Religious & other important cultural places 

6 Close to airport (as per the regulatory requirement) 

Remarks: 

Answer 

(Y/N) 

Comments 

Remarks 


1


No.24 

(1. Guidelines for "An Appropriate Management of Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites" by H. 

Oeltzschner and D. Mutz, Publication: Deutche Gesellschaft fur Tecnische 

Zusanmmenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH., 1994.) 

Phase - II: 

Site Identification, Investigation and Evaluation Criteria 

After the sites pass the examination for the above criteria, they are included in the detail investigation 

and are further evaluated as per "Site Evaluation Criteria" (Table 3.4). The sites have to be 

investigated for geological, hydro-geological, ecological and civil engineering point of view. These 

criteria have been adapted and modified to suit the Indian Environmental conditions, from the Criteria 

developed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) (2) . 

The following key factors have to be considered for investigating the sites. 

• General Data e.g. volume, traffic links and distance from main waste source ; 

• Geology and Hydro-geology ; 

• Meteorological aspects; 

• Nature protection and land use. 

(2). "Landfill of Hazardous Industrial Wastes-A Training Manual", Technical Report No. 17, 

UNEP, March 1994. 


1


No.25 

Page 

Table - 3.4: 

Sl. Criteria 

No. 

Site Evaluation Criteria 

Relative value (A) 

5 4 3 2 1 

Excel Ideal Good Poor Bad 

1.0 General Information 25 

1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7 

1.2 Slope percent -I 

1.5 1.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75- 

0.5 

15 

15 

1.3 Topography Convex Concav 3 

e 

1.4 Optimum wind direction (down >1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2- 1000 1000- 

500 

500-200 200- 

50 

2.1.2 Annual Rainfall (cm/yr.) 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 3.0-1.0 1.0- 15 15-10 10-5 5-1


Page No.27 

Chapter - 4 

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS 


NCT - Delhi lies on the banks of the river Yamuna, spread over an area of 14,983 

sq. Km between the latitude of 28 o 24'17" and 28 o 28'52" North, and the longitudes of 

76 o 50'24" and 77 o 20'37" East. It is surrounded by Uttar Pradesh in the east and 

Haryana to the North, South and West. The NCT - Delhi has been divided into six 

administrative blocks. 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

(vi) 

City block 

Alipur block 

Kanjhawala block 

Shahdara block 

Mehrauli block 

Najafgarh block 

The location of these blocks is shown in Fig 4.1. 

4.2 SITES DESCRIPTION 

Three sites were identified by DOE, Govt. of NCT - Delhi as potential Hazardous 

Waste landfill site. Subsequently, preliminary visits to these sites were made along 

with the officials of DOE, DSIDC, and MCD. The site visit reports are enclosed at 

Annex II. The location of these sites is shown in Fig. 4.1. 

Rapid EIA studies of these sites limited to one season only has been carried out to 

evaluate the sites from technical and environmental angle. In addition, there is one 

more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by DOE, Govt. of NCT-Delhi 

during 1996-97. The EIA studies for the same had been conducted by NPC in 1997. 

As per the requirement of DOE the findings of the EIA Studies (1997), have also 

been incorporated in this report for evaluation of site. The descriptions of the 

identified sites are given below. 

Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site 

Location on toposheet:: This site is located on Survey of India toposheet no. 53 

H/1 in A3 Central grid (1:50,000 scale). The 5 km radius study area is located 

between 77 o 1'47" and 77 o 7'56" N Latitude and 28 o 45'54" and 28 o 51'22" E longitude. 

Physical location: The photo plate 1, 2, 3 exhibits location of the site and also 

depicts dominant human activities around it. This site is located between the Ghoga 


4


Page No.28 


4


Page No.29 


4


Page No.30 


4


Page No.31 

drain and Bawana escape, behind the rice mill. Construction of a 60 m wide road is 

seen under progress. A Power Line, Rice mill and a bridge under construction are 

the good reference points. Narela and Bawana townships lie on the periphery of 5 

km radius study area. Along the Bawana escape some marsh waste is visible. 

Acessibility: It is approachable from Delhi by taking Delhi - Bawana - Narela road 

and from there an offshoot from Narela Check Post to village Sanoth. 

Major Settlements around the site: Some of the important villages of the study 

areas are : Ghoga, Sanoth, Kureni, Bhorgarh, Holambi Kalan and Khurd, Khera 

Khurd, Raout Nagar, Shahpur Garhi, Burwala, Puth Khurd, Gangabari, etc. The 

Northern Railway main line passes through the eastern part of the study area with 

Narela and Khera Kalan Railway Stations. Fig 4.2 shows the major roads and 

settlements around the site. 

Area : Site covers a area of about 6 ha (15 acres) 

The location of the site is shown on Fig. 4.3. 

IMPORTANT FEATURES 

Some of the important features of the site are : 

• The site has flat topography. 

• A 440 KV high-tension line passes through the site. 

• No permanent population within 500 meters. 

• Source of drinking water is beyond 2500 meters. 

• Site is presently not being used 

• Nearest off site rice mill is beyond 1000 meters. 

• Agriculture is a dominant land use and would be followed by industrial. 

• Wet lands around Bawana escape are beyond 1 km. 

• There is no major surface water body except the narrow Ghoga drain (which 

was dry during the period of study) and Bawana escape within 300 meter. 

However, Western Yamuna Canal is at about 2 km from site. 

• This site falls under the following survey numbers: 40/13, 23, 3, 8, 45/13 

• The proposed site doesn't fall under any notified forest as per the observation 

of the Office of Deputy Conservator of Forest (DCF). The ownership of the 

site is with Commissioner of Industries, Govt. of NCT of Delhi. 

• As per ASI, there is no historical or archaeological significance with in 10 Km 

radius from the proposed site. 


4


Page No.32 


4


Page No.33 


4


Page No.34 

As per the requirement of ASI, no construction work is permissible within 

300m distance from the boundary of the monument of national importance. 

Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India Toposheet No. 53 

H/2/NE and lie in B2 North West Grid (1:25000 Scale), and lies between 77 o 7'36" and 

77 o 13'46"N Latitude and 28 o 39'29" and 28 o 44'53"E longitude. 

Physical location: It is located to the south of Azadpur Railway Station and lie 

adjacent to the Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP). The site lies near the 

intersection of Northern and Azadpur railway line. Figure 4.4 depicts the layout of the 

site. Photoplate 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 shows proposed site at Wazirpur. 

Acessibility: Fig. 4.5 shows the major roads and settlements around the site. It is 

bounded by river Yamuna in east and National Highway 1 and 2 on the northeastern 

side. 

Settlements around the site: Broadly, Jharoda Majra Burari in the North; Rani Bagh 

and Shalimar Bagh in the North-West; Nehru Nagar, Anand Parbat, Sarai Rohila in 

the south and part of northern ridge forest, Kamala Nagar, Timarpur, Dr. Mukherjee 

Nagar in the east are some of the important residential areas around the site. 

Area: The total area of the site is 12747 sq. m. 


Some of the important features of the site are: 

• The site at present is a wasteland. 

• The Northern Railway main line network connecting Agra-Delhi-Ambala, 

Nizamuddin section, as well as to Rohtak pass by adjacent to the site (around 1 

km away from the site). Another railway line passes by the site with a junction 

near the Azadpur Railway station. 

• An open ground in the east, Ashok Vihar residential area is about 750 to 1000 

meters in the South, Wazirpur industrial area in the west and J.J. cluster in northwest 

of the site 

• There is no drinking water well within 1 Km radius from the site. The drinking 

water is supplied by the municipality in the residential areas. 

• Nearest road is beyond 0.75 to 1 km. distance. 

• Distance to nearest stagnant pool is beyond 750 m; however, a small creek of 

this pool lie 250m near the site. 

• Depth to ground water is reported to be beyond 10 meters. 


4


Page No.35 


4


Page No.36 

Proposed Site near Wazirpur CETP 


4


Page No.37 


4


Page No.38 


4


Page No.39 


4


Page No.40 

• There is no historical or archaeological monument or recreational parks within I 

Km distance from the site. 

Site - III: Village Guman Hera 

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India Toposheet No. 

53D/14 and 15 in C3 Grid and lie in extreme southwest corner. The 5 km radius study 

area lie between 76 0 52' 39" and 76 0 58' 55" N Latitude and 28 0 28' 39" and 28 0 34' 

39" E Longitude. 

Physical location: The site lies adjacent to a Gooshalla run by Maharaj Guru Chaya. 

It is around 7 km from Guman Hera crossing. Fig. 4.6 shows the location and physiocultural 

details of the site, etc. 

Accessibility: It is approachable from Delhi. There are two main access roads, one 

from village Sikarpur and other from Najafgarh. It is approx. 11 Km from Khera Morh, 

Najafgarh. Fig 4.7 shows the major roads and settlements around the site. 

Major Settlements around the site: The site encompasses Jatikra village in the 

east, Mankraula in the south beyond Drain No. 8 (Najafgarh drain), Galibpur in the 

west and Daryapur Khurd in the north. Besides these, 10 more villages are scattered 

within the study area. They are namely: Malakpur Zer, Najafgarh, Sarangpur, Jhuljhili, 

Raota, Deorala, Khar Khari Raund, Hasanpur, Aslatpur, Daulatpur, Sikarpur etc. 

Area: The total area of the proposed site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres). 

The photo plate 9, 10 depicts the immediate vicinity of the site. 


Some of the major site sensitivity attributes are : 

• The site lie in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation, 

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools. 

• The land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT - 

Delhi. 

• No human population is within 1 km. A Gaushala (Cow shed) is adjacent to the 

site however, no regular use by inhabitants. 

• One tube well is existing just closed to the site. The water is being used for 

irrigation of the nearby area. 

• Nearest building is that of a school which is 1 km away. 

• A foot path connect the road from the proposed site to Guman Hera village 

• It is located in wastelands within a dominantly agricultural land use 


4


Page No.41 

• There are no historical or archaeological monuments within 5 Km distance from 

the site. The nearest monument is Palam Mosque which is about 5 Km away 

from the site. 

• This site falls under the following survey numbers: 80/1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 

11/1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 82/1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 

21, 22/1, 23/2, 88/2/1, 3/1, 4m, 5, 6/1, 6/2, 7, 10/1/2, 14, 15/1/1, 15/2, 17, 18/2, 

22/2, 23/2, 24, 25, 89/2, 3, 4, 5/1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12/1, 13/1, 20/1, 1, 20/2, 

90/1/1, 2, 3, 4/1, 4/4, 5/3, 6/1, 7/1/1, 91/1/1, 3/2, 4, 7/1, 10/2/2, 73/10, 11, 12, 

13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 74/12 to 18, 83/1 to 3, 7 to 13, 10, 18, 19, 20, 24, 

84/1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to20, 22, 23, 25, 85/1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 to 23, 

25, 86/4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 77/2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26/2, 

3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14. 

4.1.4 Site - IV: Old site (MCD owned) on Bawana - Narela road 

Location on toposheet: This site is located on Survey of India toposheet no. 53 H/1 

in A3 Central grid (1:50,000 scale). 

Physical Location: This site is situated at a distance of 5 Km from Bawana village 

on the right side of Bawana - Narela road. Fig 4.8 shows location of the site. 

Accessibility: The mud road ( approx. 500 m through agricultural fields) to the site 

begins just opposite to a CRPF campus (which is on the left side of the Bawana - 

Narela road). This site is 16 Km away from Samai Pur (Badli) towards north. 

Area: The total area of the site is about 150 acres (60 Hectares). 


Some of the Salient features are given below: 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

The site is at present owned by MCD. 

The sweet drinking water is available at 2m bgl. Also, the site falls within the 

groundwater recharge zone of western Yamuna canal. 

The top soil (silty sand) appears to be infertile displaying visible specks of saline 

salts on the surface. 

Except for some dispersed shrubs and bushes the whole area is barren and 

almost flat. The site is a waste land as plantations put up earlier by the Forest 

department have proved unsuccessful. 

Over the extreme boundary of the site, a high tension power line passes. 

On the left side of the mud approach road, there exists an illegal deskinning 

area (approx. 1 acre) for fallen animals. 


4


Page No.42 


4


Page No.43 


4


Page No.44 


4


Page No.45 


4


4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY 

Page No.46 

4.2.1 General 

Physiographically, the NCT - Delhi has two distinct natural features such as "the 

ridge", which is the rocky outcrop of Aravalli Hills and the "River Yamuna", which 

flows in eastern side of Delhi and flows in southern direction. Further, the distinct 

physiographic units of NCT - Delhi are as follows: 

• Old flood plain (old Khadar) and Recent flood plain (new Khadar) of Yamuna 

River 

• Upper Alluvial plain (Bangar) 

• the quartzite ridge (Kohi) 

• the nearly closed alluvial basin of chattarpur in South Delhi 

The proposed sites fall in different physiographic regions as shown in Fig 4.9. 

Site I: Bawana Relocational Industrial Complex: 

The site falls at the borderline of upper alluvial (Bangar region) and old flood plain 

(old Khadar). This region is more elevated and drier compared to the flood plains 

namely old and new Khadar region. This region is not vulnerable to flood. This region 

comprises of unconsolidated, wind-modified, fluvial deposits with nodular concretions 

of calcium carbonate occuring at places. 

The proposed site is mostly flat slightly sloping towards north-west (slope % varying 

between 0.75 to 1.0). The altitude of the plain varies between 215 and 213 m above 

mean sea level (msl) 1 . The road and nala ramification around it make a relatively low 

lying area. 

Site - II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

The proposed site falls in the Bangar region. This area also falls under the city block 

of NCT- Delhi. The landscape of this site is almost flat. There are some dying Jamun 

trees with in the site. 

Site - III: Village Guman Hera 

The proposed site falls in Dabar region. The Dabar region is a basin area between 

ridge and the Bangar. This area encounters some patches of piedmonts and 

pediments. The site is salt affected dry land. It has a flat topography. 

Site - IV: Old site on Bawana - Narela road 

The proposed site falls in the Bangar region. The elevation of the land around this 

site within 5 Km radius is about 215m above m.s.l. The site is slightly elevated than 

the surrounding area with an average slope


Page No.47 


4


Page No.48 

4.3 HYDROLOGY & HYDRO-GEOLOGY 

4.3.1 Surface Water & Drainage System 

The major portion of NCT- Delhi is being drained by Najafgarh drain leading to 

Yamuna River. Other than Najafgarh drain there are about sixteen more drains 

joining river Yamuna in NCT - Delhi. These drains mainly carry the urban sewage 

and industrial effluents. Fig 4.10 depicts the drainage system in NCT - Delhi. 

The relief and soil conditions cause localised stagnation during rainy season. During 

high rains and high floods in Yamuna River, the drainage system becomes 

ineffective as the outlets of rainwater blocked. 

Drainage system around the proposed sites 

Site I: Site I i.e Bawana industry relocation site is drained by Bawana escape & 

Ghoga drain. These drains meet Daryapur drain which finally flows into river 

Yamuna. Fig 4.11 depicts the drainage system around the Bawana relocation 

industrial site. 

Site II: Site II i.e Wazirpur CETP site lies within the city block which is having 

sewerage system. Fig 4.12 depicts the drainage system around the Wazirpur CETP 

site. Najafgarh drain No. 8 flows south of the site around 3 - 4 km away. Another 

Supplementary drain flows north of the site around 4 - 5 km away. 

Site III: Fig 4.13 depicts the drainage system around the proposed site near village 

Guman Hera. Site III located near village Guma Hera is drained mostly by Najafgarh 

drain No. 8. Najafgarh drain flows adjacent to the proposed site. 


4


Page No.49 


4


Page No.50 


4


Page No.51 


4


Page No.52 


4


4.3.2 Quality of Surface Water 

Page No.53 

Surface Water Quality in the study area (Secondary data) 

In the study area, there are two major drains joining river Yamuna falls, namely, 

Supplementary (Burari drain) and Najafgarh drain. The water quality of these drains 

before joining river Yamuna is given below in table 4.1. 

Table 4.1: Surface Water Quality of Major Surface Drains in the Study Area 

S. 

No 

Name of drain PH TSS, mg/l COD, 

mg/l 

BOD 5 , 

mg/l 

1. Supplementary (Burari 7.1 - 7.79 72 - 142 54 - 91 23 - 27 

drain) 

2. Najafgarh 6.95 - 7.62 132 - 221 117 - 228 56 - 58 

3. Effluent standards for 5.5 -9.0 100 250 30 

discharge to surface 

water body * 

* Both these drains carry industrial as well as domestic wastewater (drained 

from various parts of NCT - Delhi). Therefore they are compared with the effluent 

standards. 

Source: Report on "Status of Ground Water Quality and Pollution Aspects in NCT- Delhi", by 

CGWB, Chandigarh and CPCB, Delhi, January 2000. 

From table 4.1, it is observed that TSS and BOD 5 values of Najafgarh drain exceed 

the discharge standards (to inland surface water). The high COD and BOD 5 value 

indicates organic pollution and low oxygen content in Najafgarh drain. 

Surface Water Quality Monitoring (Primary data) 

To assess the present surface water quality of all the surface bodies including the 

above mentioned drains flowing within the 5 Km radius of the proposed sites, NPC 

team has taken grab samples. The samples were analyzed in NPC Laboratory. The 

samples drawn from the various water bodies were analysed for relevant parameters 

in the NPC laboratory. The locations of surface water sampling points around site I, II 

and III have been shown on figure 4.14 through figure 4.16. The analytical results 

of the samples are given in the Table-4.2, Table-4.3 & Table-4.4 


4


Page No.54 


4


Page No.55 


4


Page No.56 


4


Page No.57 

Table-4.2: Surface Water Quality around 5 Km Radius from Site I (Bawana) 

Sl. Location PH COD BOD TDS TSS Hardne Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr F - 

No. 

ss 

(T) 

1 Bawana Distributory, 7.7 86 24 614 72 204 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND 3.11 

Narela - Bawana road 

2 Western Yamuna Canal, 8.3 17


Page No.58 

The surface water quality has been defined for five designated best uses by Ministry 

of Environment & Forest under 'The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986' (Refer 

Annex III). The above mentioned surface water qualities (around the proposed sites) 

have been compared with the standards. The summary of which is given below: 

Site I & Site IV: 

The quality of surface water bodies were compared with the standards of surface 

water quality (Class SW-II, Refer Annex III). Except for Bawana distributory all 

comply with the standard of BOD of 3 ppm . 

The proposed site I & IV falls in the ground water recharge zone of Western Yamuna 

canal. Around the proposed site I, the surface water quality results does not indicate 

any organic or inorganic pollution at present as can be seen from table 4.2. These 

surface water bodies play an important role in ground water flow and quality as they 

fall within the groundwater recharge zone. 

Site II 

The only canal flowing within 5 Km radius from the proposed site is Delhi distributory 

(Western Yamuna canal) which shows no organic or inorganic pollution. The others 

include Bhalswa lake which is used for recreational purpose complies with the 

standards for Class SW-III (refer Annex III). The drains viz, Najafgarh and 

supplementary drain indicates presence of organic pollution. 

Site III 

It is seen from the table 4.4 that organic load in terms of BOD in Najafgarh drain is 

increasing from the site at Ghumman Hera to village Jhatikara and the same has 

reduced at Wazirpur. 

High Fluoride content found at several locations. The reason for high flouride content 

is due to the minerals found in NCT - Delhi. 

Impact of major drains falling in the river Yamuna on the river water quality 

The reason for deterioration of water quality of river Yamuna is largely due to the 

discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater through 16 drains meeting Yamuna 

at different locations. The river is blocked at Wazirabad for maintaining water level 

and to abstract raw water for water supply. Thus during lean period, the flow is 

mainly the flow from the drains. 

4.3.3 Hydro-geological Situation at Proposed Sites 

(Source: Comments received from CGWB on Proposed sites) 

Around Site I (Bawana Industry relocation site and its surrounding) 

The area is covered by a thin layer of newer alluvium Yamuna sand that is in-turn 

underlain by older alluvium. The area falls at the borderline where newer alluvium 

merges with older alluvium. Thickness of alluvium is approximately 300m. Newer 


4


Page No.59 

alluvial deposits are grey coloured sands containing minor proportions of fines i.e. silt 

and clay. These deposits are generally characterised by the absence of kankar. 

Newer alluvium at some places consists of coarse gravel which is irregular and 

poorly sorted in nature. The older alluvium consists of inter-bedded, lenticular and 

inter fingering deposits of clay, silt and sand ranging in size from very fine to medium 

textured. Kankar which is generally hard, compact and irregular occurs mixed with 

almost all these deposits. Older alluvium is predominantly clayey in nature. 

Sub-surface Geology 

There are possibilities of fresh groundwater aquifers in this area as per Central 

Ground Water Board's findings. Sand, medium to coarse grained, admixed with 

varying proportions of Kankar horizons dominates at shallow depths in and act as 

moderately potential aquifer zones. These sand horizons of varying thickness from 3 

to 15 m are predominant upto a depth of about 70 to 75 m at Bawana, 112 m at 

sanoth and up to 88 m in Barwala. Thin clay layers of about 5 to 10 m thick separate 

these sand bodies. At Putkhurd the sand horizons of 5 to 10 m thick are separated 

by clay layers of about 3 to 15 m thick. At Holambi kalan the sand bodies of about 5 

to 20 m thick up to a depth of 86 m are separated by clay layer of about 5 to 7 m 

thick. The clay horizons are invariably present after 80 to 112 m and seems to 

persists to considerable depth. The sub-surface geology across the section of 

Sanoth to Khera Kalan shows that newer alluvium is present in southern part with 

depth ranging up to 20 m at Khera Kalan. At Sanoth, the older alluvium consisting of 

silty sand mixed with kankar is present up to a depth of 84 m and at Khersa kalan it 

is up to a depth of 70 m. Below this horizon, alluvium is predominantly clayey mixed 

with kankar and minor silt is present. Five to six intercalations of silty sand mixed 

with kankar horizons are present as lenses within the clayey horizons. Thickness of 

these lenses is 5-7 m. 

Around Site II: Wazirpur CETP site 

Wazirpur Industrial area is occupied by Quaternary Alluvium underlain by the Alwar 

Quartzites of Delhi System. Thickness of alluvium is more than 300 m in this part of 

Delhi. Alluvium consists of predominantly silt and kankar mixed with minor amounts 

of clay. Silt mixed with kankar that acts as very good aquifer system in the area 

usually extends in-between the depth of 25 to 30 m. Good aquifer system extending 

from 40 to 50 m depth consists of predominantly kankar with minor silt is present in 

the area. 

Around Site III: Guman Hera CETP site 

The area is underlain by older alluvium mainly consists of unconsolidated, inter 

bedded sand, clay and silt mixed with varying proportions of gravel and kankar. The 

top horizon is predominantly sandy silt mixed with kankar extends down to a depth of 

30m. This layer is followed by predominantly clay layer at deeper levels. Thin 

granular zones consisting of silt and kankar are also present with in the clay layer 

extending from 30 to 50 m depth. Thickness of these granular zones are increasing 

towards Najafgarh drain. Ground water occurs as unconfined condition in sandy silt 

horizon which are potential aquifers in the area. 


4


4.3.4 Groundwater Availability 

Page No.60 

The groundwater potential in NCT-Delhi depends upon its geological and 

geomorphological settings. The rocky ridge serves as the watershed. The 

groundwater occurs in weathered and fractured/jointed parts of these rocks. In the 

weathered parts, shallow aquifers occur, whereas deep aquifers occur in joints and 

fractures. Further, the groundwater is found in unconfined to semiconfined zones. 

The water table in NCT of Delhi is low. Much of the water found in NCT-Delhi is 

brackish water existing at shallow depths (varying from 20 to 50 m below ground 

level) in Kanjhawla and Najafgarh blocks and in some minor patches of Alipur and 

city blocks. In flood plains of Yamuna, fresh-water generally exists at a depth of 35 - 

45 m. 

The groundwater occurrence, movement and availability in NCT – Delhi is controlled 

by hydro-geological situation by alluvial plains on eastern and western sides of the 

ridge. 

The ground water flow direction in NCT of Delhi is depicted in Fig 4.17. The 

groundwater table found in NCT-Delhi, 1999 is depicted in Fig 4.18. 

Site I: Bawana Relocation industry site & Site IV: Old Bawana site 

Depth to water level ranges between 0.7 to 4.5 m bgl. Water logged conditions 

(water levels less than 2 m) exists in the area along western Yamuna canal, in the 

areas between Bawana distributory and Western Yamuna Canal and all along 

Ghoga drain which drains maximum part of the area. Wetlands of Bawana escape 

exists beyond 1 km from the proposed site in Bawana relocation industrial site. 

Shallow ground water levels are because of constant recharge by the canal systems 

present in the area. Seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level in this zone is 

negligible. 

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site 

This site falls in the city block. The depth to water level is about 13 m bgl during 

October 2001 while during summer (pre-monsoon), the depth increases to about 15 

m bgl. A number of shallow and deep tube wells are present in the area those are 

being used for industrial purposes but not for drinking. The average discharge of 

these tube wells constructed down to 80 to 90 m. depth is reported to be about 300 

to 400 litres per minute (lpm). 

Site III: Guman Hera 

The investigation carried out by NPC at the site (March 2002) shows that the water 

level is at about 6.1 meter and the depth to ground water in this area is reported to 

be at about 4.5 m bgl by during April 2002. The groundwater table in year 1999 

shown in Fig 4.18 around the site was between 2 to 5. However, the drinking water 

level around the site is reported to be very deep by Delhi Jal Board Official and the 

extraction of water has been banned in this area. The similar views have been given 

by the local villagers. 


4


Page No.61 


4


Page No.62 


4


Page No.63 

The fluctuation in water level during pre and post monsoon is reported to be about 1 

m. The tube wells located in the area along the Najafgarh drain are yielding about 

450 lpm of water with 5 to 6 m drawdown. Ground water flow is towards the ground 

water trough present in the area around Ujjah i.e. away from Najafgarh drain. The 

fresh ground water is only available in Guman Hera village at a depth of about 35 m 

bgl. However, the water at the same depth close to the site is very hard and saline. 


4


Page No.64 

4.3.5 Ground Water Quality 

In NCT of Delhi, groundwater recharge takes place via rainfall as well as through 

infiltration of surface water. Groundwater recharge also occurs through stagnant 

water pools in low-lying areas, where surface run off water gets collected. Extensive 

studies on groundwater quality have been carried in NCT -Delhi by Central Pollution 

Control Board (CPCB) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and the results of 

these studies have been reproduced here for comparative evaluation. 

Site I: Bawana Relocation industrial site & Site IV: Old Bawana site 

Chemical quality of ground water in Bawana shows wide variations with depth. A 

detailed study has been carried out to test the chemical quality of ground water from 

the abstraction structures of varying depths located in different areas around 

Bawana village. A thick column of fresh ground water aquifer system exists down to 

a depth of 50 to 70 m in the vicinity of Western Yamuna Canal and thickness 

decreases away from canal. In the villages east of Bawana, Khera khurd, Nayabas, 

North of Shahbad, thickness of fresh water aquifers is about 50 to 60 m. The ground 

water in this depth range is fit for drinking, domestic and industrial uses with 

electrical conductivity less than 2000 microsiemens/cm at 25 o C and other 

parameters meet the drinking water standards. In the villages Puth khurd, Barwala, 

North of Sanoth and Holambi khurd, the thickness of fresh water aquifers is about 15 

to 25 m. Thus existence of thick column of fresh ground water aquifers beneath 

Western Yamuna Canal is due to infiltration of fresh water from the canal and 

flushing of entrapped saline water from these aquifers. A linear relationship exists 

between Electrical Conductivity of ground water and distance of sampling point from 

Western Yamuna Canal clearly depicts the contribution of seepage and infiltration 

component of fresh water in to the aquifers in this area. This is due to highly porous 

soil media existing in this area in the form of sandy newer alluvium and silty sand 

mixed with kankar formations of older alluvium. 


Generally, the quality of ground water at shallow depths (about 40 to 50 m) is 

reported to be fresh and becomes brackish to saline with increase in depth. Ground 

water flow is towards northeast in this area. 

Site III: Guman Hera site 

The groundwater available up to a depth of 35 m bgl is saline and hard. The potable 

drinking water is available below a depth of 35 m bgl. 


4


Page No.65 

Groundwater quality (From Secondary Sources) 

The groundwater quality around the proposed sites were assessed using the data/ 

information reported in following documents/ reports: 

(1) Report titled " Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspect in NCT- 

Delhi, Central Ground Water Board/ Central pollution Control Board, January, 

2000 

(2) Report titled " Study of groundwater quality in Delhi", Sophisticated Industrial 

Materials Analytic Labs. Pvt. Ltd., March - 1999 

The ground water quality around the identified sites based on report (1) is given in 

tables 4.5, 4.6 & 4.7 and based on report (2) in table 4.8 & 4.9 respectively. 

Ground Water Monitoring (Primary data) 

Groundwater samples from dug wells, Handpumps, tubewells from different locations 

within 5-Km radius from each proposed site were collected and analysed in NPC 

Laboratory. The groundwater sampling locations are shown in Fig 4.14, 4.15, 4.16. 

The analysis results are given in Tables 4.10 through 4.12. 


4


Page No.66 

Table 4.5: Groundwater Quality Around Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site & Site IV: Bawana Old Site 

Location 

U/s 

& 

D/s 

Sourc 

e 

Depth 

in m 

PH EC in 

µmhos/c 

m 

TDS CO 3 HCO 3 Cl SO 4 NO 3 F PO 4 SiO 2 B Tot 

Hardn 

ess 

Tikri khurd - 1 D TW 28 8.39 1553 907 32 366 136 200 5.2 3.2 0.06 23 0.25 150 

Tikri khurd-2 D HP 20 7.56 3180 1981 Nil 666 311 310 84 1.0 0.10 34 0.31 610 

Bankner U TW 40 7.76 1620 1001 Nil 455 196 186 22 0.96 0.11 32 0.19 430 

Lampur U HP 27 6.22 1621 1095 Nil 615 122 201 11 1 0.12 14 0.06 240 

Bhorgarh U HP 12 7.74 2340 1054 Nil 320 389 200 15 0.41 0.07 42 0.11 621 

Tikrikurdh D STW 21 7.34 1525 760 Nil 481 156 236 6.0 0.75 0.07 22 Nil 470 

Holambi Kalan D HP 20 7.49 1151 667 Nil 461 84 64 5.3 1.09 0.09 28 0.06 330 

Ghoga village 1 U STW 24 7.12 2420 1755 Nil 461 749 545 0.71 0.63 0.1 11 0.25 681 

Goga village 2 U HP 12 7.54 3040 2201 Nil 474 489 720 0.06 0.79 0.08 25 0.11 801 

Bawana village I U DW 3.6 7.69 1121 781 Nil 436 98 196 2.2 0.84 0.09 26 0.06 570 

Bawana village II U STW 10.0 7.46 2650 1746 Nil 461 286 660 2.6 3.18 .0.08 28 0.31 911 

Bawana village III U TW 70 8.46 2020 1348 25 167 276 510 0.01 2.51 0.06 22 0.19 460 

Sultanpur Dabas U HP 17.0 8.29 3250 1970 Tr 461 840 143 2.4 2.6 0.09 28 1.55 470 

Source: Report titled" Status of Ground Water Quality and pollution Aspects in NCT - Delhi", Central Ground Water Board, January, 2000 



Page No.67 

Table 4.6: Groundwater Quality Around Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Location 

U/s & 

D/s 

Sour 

ce 

Dept 

h in 

m 

pH 

EC in 

µmhos 

/cm 

TDS CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F PO4 SiO 

2 

B 

Tot 

Hard 

ness 

Nirankari 

colony 

D HP 20.0 7.91 1365 900 Nil 372 120 242 86 1.32 0.11 31 0.19 305 

Kewal Park D HP 10.0 7.59 1872 1233 Nil 673 273 154 6.6 0.37 0.11 23 Nil 425 

Adarsh 

Nagar 

Wazirpur 

Indust. Area 

Bhalswa 

village 

D HP 10.0 7.65 2380 1385 Nil 423 510 128 6.3 0.6 0.1 25 0.31 510 

U HP 30.0 7.45 1335 940 - 442 129 175 92 0.71 0.05 27 0.12 550 

U HP 8.0 7.45 1315 865 Nil 549 162 97 14 0.46 0.12 32 0.01 502 

Jahangipuri U HP 8.0 7.34 1625 1072 - 577 212 135 36 0.57 0.07 25 0.18 555 

Shalimar 

village 

U HP 15.0 7.32 998 714 - 397 87 138 20 3.69 0.07 10 0.12 220 




Page No.68 

Table 4.7: Groundwater Quality Around Site III: Gumman Hera Site 

Location 

U/s & 

D/s 

Sour 

ce 

Dept 

h in 

m 

PH 

EC in 

µmho 

s/cm 

TDS CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 NO3 F PO4 SiO2 B Tot 

Hardness 

Daulatpur D HP 60.0 7.61 1200 787 Nil 457 160 55 70 2.05 0.05 17 0.08 461 

Shikarpur-1 D HP 35.0 7.55 2310 1515 Nil 476 522 145 22 1.06 0.08 26 0.29 414 

Shikarpur-2 D TW 60.0 7.94 4030 2250 Nil 450 1079 296 38 2.55 0.03 40 0.16 1010 

Gumanhera D HP 12.0 8.04 2410 1640 Nil 824 326 240 50 0.81 0.07 20 0.06 476 

Raota U HP 20.0 7.80 1205 690 Nil 283 222 52 3.7 0.95 0.05 13 Nil 191 

Jhiljhuli D TW 20.0 7.04 13200 8540 Nil 384 4461 775 86 1.20 0.08 34 Nil 3325 

Kharkhera 

round 

D HP 20.0 7.38 2780 1012 nil 740 577 120 56 1.6 0.07 30 Nil 480 

Ujhwa village D HP 50.0 7.79 4210 2962 nil 481 931 320 508 2.14 0.06 22 1.06 1101 




Page No.69 

Table 4.8: Groundwater Quality Around Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site 

Source U/s & 

D/s 

Turbidity, 

NTU 

PH TDS Tot 

Hardness 

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy 

metals 

Tikri village D 4 7.4 1996 1250 719 246 55.1 2.75 N.T except 

Cd : 0.01 

Sai Mandir, Tikri 

village, Ind Area 

28 Km stone, Tikri 

Kalan Ind Area 

Opp. Bawana Ind 

Area, site office 

Jyoti Service 

station, Narela 

Bawana road 

Bawana road, Gas 

agency after ind 

area 

D 5 7.3 7564 3200 1663 2800 32 3.2 NT except 

Zn: 0.08 

D 4 7.1 4624 2430 1076 2000 29.3 3.2 N.T except 

Zn: 2.04, Cd: 

0.01 

U 2 7.7 596 431 80 72.5 26.8 3.1 N.T except 

Zn: 0.09, Cu: 

0.03, Ni: 0.05 

U 22 7.65 604 353 70 115 14.32 2.6 1N.T except 

Cu: 0.01 

U 26 7.4 8520 2960 5698 205 12.6 2.9 N.T except 

Cu: 0.01, Ni: 

0.02, Zn: 

0.06 

Source: Ground water monitoring by SIMA Laboratories in March 1999 . 



Table 4.9: Groundwater Quality around Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Page No.70 

Source 

U/s 

& 

D/s 

Turbidity, 

NTU 

PH TDS Tot 

Hardness 

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy metals 

Sarai Rohila D 4 7.3 876 430 171 101 117 2.2 N.T except Pb: 

0.02 

Shastri Nagar D 4 7.6 1308 680 254 402 85.6 1.9 N T except Pb: 

0.04 

Mukerjee Nagar U 3 7.4 652 330 78 78 27.3 2.2 N.T except Zn: 

0.08 

Model Town U 4 7.1 964 240 220 181 29.3 2.7 N.T. except Pb: 

0.08, Zn: 2.1 

Jahangir Puri U 5 7.3 7142 444 3924 365 13.2 0.3 N.T except Cu: 

0.03, Zn: 0.01, 

Ni: 0.05 

Jahangir 

Bridge 

Puri 

U 4 7.1 13254 3600 5123 650 11 0.8 Cu: 0.01, Cd: 

0.03, Zn: 0.04, 

Cr: 0.02, Ni: 

0.06 

Adarsh Nagar U 2 7.54 976 510 85 335 27 3.1 Cu: 0.02, Zn: 

0.06 

JJ Camp, H- block, 

Jahangir Puri 

U 2 7.2 1084 421 425 170 14 2.84 Cu: 0.05, 

Cd:0.02, Zn: 

0.08 

JJ 

Wazirpur 

Camp, 

U 2 6.7 3728 1920 392 1004 21 0.5 Cu: 0.01, Pb: 

0.05, Zn: 0.04, 

Cr: 0.01, Ni: 



Page No.71 

Source 

U/s 

& 

D/s 

Turbidity, 

NTU 

PH TDS Tot 

Hardness 

Cl SO 4 NO 3 F - Heavy metals 

0.24 

Slum Wing, A- 

Block, Wazirpur 

Ind Area 

Slum Wing, C - 35, 

Wazirpur Ind. Area 

U 4 7.6 3380 1176 865 1040 103 2.9 Cu: 0.03, Pb: 

0.04, Zn: 0.06, 

Ni: 0.15 

U 2 7.54 1996 1274 150 808 178 3.6 Cu: 0.02, Zn: 

0.08 

Source: Ground water monitoring by SIMA Laboratories in March 1999. 



Table 4.10 

Page No.72 

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industry Site 

Sl. No. Location Upstre Distance 

am/Do 

wnstre 

am 

from 

propose 

d site 

1 Near Bawana distributory U/s 

on Narela - Bawana road 

Sour 

ce 

3 - 4 km Hand 

pump 

2 Near proposed site D/s 0.05 km Bore 

well 

3 Holambi Kalan, near D/s ~3 km Hand 

railway phatak 

pump 

4 Near Nahri Majri D/s ~4 km Hand 

distributory, Tikri Gaon 

pump 

5 Kureni D/s ~4 km Hand 

pump 

6 Near Lampur distributory, U/s ~3 km Hand 

on main Bawana- Narela 

pump 

road 

7 Goga village, near Bus 

stand 

8 Putgurd village, on main 

Bawana - Delhi road 

U/s ~4 km Bore 

well 

U/s 4 - 5 km Bore 

well 

PH COD BOD TDS Hard 

ness 

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr 

(T) 

8 25 >3 312 148 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.444 

7.7 14 >3 1190 388 0.02 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.52 

7.6 11 >3 988 346 0.18 BDL 0.12 BDL BDL BDL 0.888 

7.44 16 >3 994 480 0.4 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.78 

7.78 3 1048 184 0.11 BDL BDL 0.07 BDL BDL 4.3 

7.5 14 >3 1008 620 0.45 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 0.779 

7.45 31 >3 2416 872 0.04 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 1.79 

7.76 18 >3 766 420 0.18 BDL BDL 0.1 BDL BDL 1.6 

F - 



Table 4.11 

Sl. No. Location Upstr 

eam/ 

Down 

strea 

m 

Page No.73 

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Distanc 

e from 

propos 

ed site , 

Km 

Sourc 

e 

1 At the proposed site U/s 0.01 Borew 

ell 

2 By-pass, near Bhalswa U/s 4 - 5 Hand 

lake 

pump 

3 Kewal park, at the U/s 3 - 4 Hand 

intersection 

pump 

4 Tagore park, near main U/s 3 - 4 Borew 

road 

ell 

5 Haiderpur, on main road U/s 4 - 5 Hand 

pump 

6 Near Najafgarh drain, D/s 3 - 4 Borew 

Shantinagar 

ell 

7 Shakurpur, residential area D/s 4 Hand 

pump 

PH COD BOD TDS TSS Hard 

ness 

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr (T) F - 

6.89 29 >3 2996 7 1356 0.02 BDL BDL 0.02 0.04 BDL 3.11 

7.72 18 >3 2462 3 740 0.01 BDL BDL 0.03 0.02 BDL 0.218 

7.05 25 >3 1664 2 810 0.02 BDL BDL 0.03 0.02 BDL 0.874 

7.56 21 >3 954 1 340 0.23 BDL BDL BDL 0.01 BDL 0.294 

7.71 18 >3 618 1 164 0.18 BDL BDL 0.03 BDL BDL 0.444 

7.52 30 >3 782 2 492 0.06 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.52 

7.79 19 >3 962 2 102 0.1 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.779 



Table 4.12 

Page No.74 

Ground Water Characteristics around the Site-III: Gumman Hera Site 

Sl. No. Location Upstrea Distance from 

m/Down proposed site 

stream 

1 Near proposed site, village 

Guman Herra 

2 Near Guman Herra - Sikarpur 

road, village Sikarpur 

3 On Gurgaon road, village 

Jhatikara 

4 Near Flood Control Deptt., 

Daulatpur 

Sourc 

e 

D/s 0.01 Km Borew 

ell 

D/s 2 - 3 Km Handp 

ump 

D/s 2 - 3 Km Borew 

ell 

D/s ~ 4 Km Borew 

ell 

5 Village Hassanpur D/s ~ 4 Km Handp 

ump 

6 Village Daryapur Khurd D/s ~ 3 Km Borew 

ell 

7 Village Deorala U/s ~ 3 Km Handp 

ump 

8 Village Raota, Near tyre U/s ~ 2 Km Handp 

repairing centre 

ump 

9 Sushil Gosadan, village U/s ~ 0.05 Km Borew 

Guman Herra 

ell 

PH COD BOD TDS Hard 

ness 

Zn Pb Cu Fe Ni Cr 

(T) 

7.15 34 >3 4110 1344 0.02 0.05 BDL 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.608 

7.4 20.5 >3 1112 444 0.18 0.02 BDL 0.05 BDL BDL 3.42 

7.24 28.5 >3 3068 1032 0.07 0.07 BDL 0.1 0.01 0.01 1.26 

7.1 54 >3 4696 2720 0.01 0.08 BDL 0.11 BDL 0.01 0.791 

7.34 30.5 >3 2072 1180 0.2 0.07 BDL 0.19 BDL BDL 0.475 

7.11 56.5 >3 6884 3240 0.02 0.13 BDL 0.08 BDL 0.01 1.74 

7.29 33 >3 5560 1460 1.8 0.07 BDL 0.24 0.02 BDL 2.22 

7.15 38 >3 3390 800 0.02 0.03 BDL 0.26 BDL BDL 1.55 

7.13 31 >3 4522 1240 0.03 0.05 BDL 0.08 BDL BDL 1.13 

F - 



Page No.75 

The comparative analysis of groundwater quality in March, 1999, January, 2000 and 

March, 2002 is summarised below. 

Site I & IV • Total dissolved solids has increased slightly in 

downstream locations from Jan, 2000 to March, 2002. 

• Hardness is almost same 

• Flouride content exceeds the permissible limit at many 

locations 

• At some locations 4 -5 km away downstream of proposed 

site (Tikri village), TDS and Hardness has been observed 

to be less in March 2002. 

Site II 

• At some locations total dissolved solids and hardness 

both have been observed to be less in March 2002. 


locations 

Site III 

• At some upstream locations, total dissolved solids and 

hardness have been observed to increase whereas at 

some downstream locations they have decreased. 

• Some locations Lead was found to be more than the 

standard limit of 0.05 ppm. 


locations 

The ground water quality around site I (Bawana) is potable except for presence of 

Fluoride at some locations (Refer Annex III for Drinking water standards). The 

ground water quality around Site II and Site III shows high value of hardness and 

TDS. Presence of heavy metal like lead was observed at few locations around site 

III. However at a depth beyond 30 - 35 m bgl, potable water is available around 

village Guman Hera. 

High value of Fluoride in ground water is due to localised effects of natural sources. 

4.4 GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 

4.4.1 General Geological Features of NCT-Delhi 

The geological formations of the state date from the proterozoic to the Quarternary 

ages. The generalised succession of the rock formations reported are the 

Quaternary era represented by recent soils, alluvium, blow sand and nodular 

limestone; Pegamites and the basic intrusives belonging to post Delhi intrusives; and 

the Alwar quartrzites of the Delhi system. 


4


Page No.76 

The area is a part of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Fig 4.19 shows the different types of 

geological and geomorphological units in NCT - Delhi. A spur of the Aravalli hills 

from Rajasthan enters Delhi through Gurgoan on the South Border and expands into 

north to north–east and south to south –west separated by flat lands and 

depressions filled with alluvial materials. These rocky exposures are the north-west 

extension of the Aravalli ranges into Indo -Gangetic plain. Structurally, the quartzite 

form a major isoclinal, co-axially, refolded anticlines plunging south-west. The Ridge 

is an exposure of a portion of this link of this fold. 

4.4.2 Geological features around the site 

Geologically, all the four sites belong to Indo-Gangetic alluvium (older alluvium) as 

can be seen from Fig 4.19. They are mostly covered with quaternary sediments 

belonging to mainly older alluvium soil. These older alluvium consists of a polycyclic 

sequence of sand, silt and clay with frequent kankar disseminations. 

The Aravallies are composed of quartzite inter bedded with micaceous schist's that 

belongs to Alwar formations of Delhi system which are of precambrian age. These 

occur as small patches near Wazirpur CETP site. 

Soils: Soils of Delhi region have been developed mainly on alluvium of river Yamuna 

and its tributaries. The soils of flood plain and recent flood plain are relatively less 

developed as compared to soil of old alluvial plain of Bawana and Gumanhera site. 

Wazirpur site is covered with Quaternary alluvium. 

Depth to bed rock: The available information from different sources indicates that 

the bed rock like quartzite and sandstone lies approximately below the depth of 200 

metres in all four proposed sites. Fig 4.20 depicts the depth to bedrock in NCT-Delhi. 

Subsidence: There is no subsidence in the proposed sites according to the 

information provided by Geological Survey of India, New Delhi. However, Site III: 

Guman Hera falls in structural sag zone, where there is a possibility of subsidence. 

4.5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION 

The soil in the Delhi region can be broadly classified into two categories-older 

alluviums and the younger alluvium. The soil on the eastern bank of the Yamuna 

river is essentially the younger alluvium and is yellow in colour. The soil on the 

western bank is the older alluvium, and is grey coloured. Comparatively this is in 

more consolidated and stable form. 

A much more detailed classification was done by the NBSS&LUP specifying 14 

types of soils. 

The categories and their description is given in the Annex III. 

Fig 4.21 shows the soil map of NCT-Delhi. 

Soil Characteristics of Site I 


4


Page No.77 


4


Page No.78 


4


Page No.79 


4


Page No.80 

This site lies at the intersection of the Kanjhawla block and the Alipur block. Mapping 

unit shown in Fig 4.21 is 22. The depth to bed rock is more than 300 m. 

The soils here are the soils of the older alluvial plains known to be deep, well 

drained, coarse-loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy sand surface and slight 

erosion associated with deep well drained fine loamy soils with loamy surface, slight 

erosion and slight salinity. 

These soils belong to the Nabha –Ghoga series. This series includes fine loamy and 

clayey soil, and is a member of mixed hyperthermic family of Udic Ustochrepts. The 

clay percentage ranges from 16-38% with maximum over a depth of 69-100cm depth 

bgl. 

Soil characteristics of Site II 

The site lies in the city block of the Delhi territory. Therefore the natural soil 

characteristics have been degraded due to urban development and industrialisation. 

It falls under miscellaneous category called quaternary alluvium. 

Soil characteristics of Site III 

This site lies in the Najafgarh block. Mapping unit as shown in Fig 4.21 is 21. The 

soils found here are also the soils of the older alluvial plains known to be deep, well 

drained, coarse -loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy surface associated 

with deep well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy surface and slight salinity. 

The soil is of the Daryapur -Hamidpur series. The colour of the soil is yellowish. 

These soils are well-drained with rapid permeability. 

Site IV: Bawana Old site: 

The soil at this site is of Khampur-Hissar series. Mapping unit as seen from Fig 4.21 

is 21. The soil of this association occurs on old flood plains on 1-3% slopes. 

Khampur series is silty clay loam to clayey and the Hissar series is silty loam to sity 

clay loam in texture. The soil of this site is extremely saline with white patches of salt 

layer visible on the surface of the land. The soil of this site has been classified as 

lands with problems of salinity and also water logging by NBSS & LUP. 

At this site there are pockets of coarse loamy and fine loamy soils (8 to 10%). Large 

chunks of barren landscapes with white and brownish surface incrustation are 

common. They are uncultivated lands with pockets of salt resistant bushes of 

Halozylon SPP. The electrical conductivity (total soluble salts) of surface soils are 

higher than 12 µmhos/cm which gradually decreases with depth. 

Fig 4.22 shows the extent of drainage in NCT- Delhi. Well drainage indicates the soil 

is most suitable for agriculture from the point of view of irrigation. Site I & Site IV falls 

under zone moderately drained whereas site III falls under zone well drained. Site II 

falls under urban area. 


4


Page No.81 


4


4.6 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION 

Page No.82 

Geotechnical properties of the proposed sites were assessed as per the criteria laid 

down by CPCB ( refer Chapter III, section ). Following procedure was adopted for 

geotechnical investigation of the sites: 

• A bore hole of 100 – 150 mm diameter below existing ground surface through 

normal soil i.e sandy, clayey strata ( excluding hard/boudary/rock) using shell 

and auger method was drilled at the proposed sites up to 20 m depth below 

existing ground surface. Photoplate 11, 12, 13 & 14 shows drilling arrangement 

at Wazirpur and Guman Hera site. 

• Undisturbed soil samples were collected at 1.5 m interval in depth or change of 

strata whichever occurred earlier using straight open end sampling tubes fitted to 

an adapter with ball and socket arrangement and using a standard SPT set up. 

• Similarly disturbed soil samples were collected at regular interval in depth. 

• The depth of groundwater table in the bore hole whenever encountered, was 

recorded. 

• The soil samples collected were analysed for following: 

- Soil type and stratification 

- Permeability test for each strata 

Site I: Bawana relocation Industry Site: The geotechnical investigation of the site 

was carried out from 23.02.2002 to 25.02.2002. The test results are tabulated in 

table 4.13 below. 


4


Page No.83 


4


Page No.84 


4


Page No.85 

Table 4.13: Geo-technical Investigation of Bawana Industry Relocation Site 

Depth 

Soil Classification 

(I.S) 

Grain size analysis 

Consistency Limits 

Coefficient 

of 

Permeability, 

cm/sec 

G.L 

Gravel Sand % Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticit 

Sandy Silt of Low 

0 % 

y Limit 

1.00 Plasticity 

0 19 73 8 28 20 8 4.4 x 10 -6 

1.40 

2.50 Clayey Silt of 

0 4 74 22 40 23 17 6.7 x 10 -7 

Medium plasticity 

4.00 

4.00 (CI) 4.50 

0 27 73 0 Non Plastic 1.6 x 10 -4 

Sandy Silt 

5.5 5.50 0 60 40 0 Non Plastic 4.1 x 10 -4 

7 Silty Sand (SM) 

0 83 17 0 Non Plastic - 

8.5 Non Plastic - 

10.00 Silty Sand (SP-SM) 

10.00 

0 89 11 0 Non Plastic 4.8 x 10 -4 

11.00 

11.50 7 5 80 8 32 21 11 2.7 x 10 -6 

Clayey Silt of Low 

13.00 plasticity (CL) 

- - - - - - - - 

14.5 9 10 71 10 32 21 11 - 

16.00 

Sandy Silt of low 

16.00 

8 27 60 5 23 18 5 6.4 x 10 -5 

plasticity (ML-CL) 

17.50 - - - - - - - - 

18.50 

Sandy Silt (CL) 

19.00 5 12 71 12 31 21 10 2.3 x 10 -6 

Silty Sand (SM) 

19.40 

20.00 1 66 33 0 Non Plastic 4.6 x 10 -4 

20.40 

20.40 - - - - - - - 



Page No.86 

Following inference can be drawn from the results obtained: 

(i) 

Based on the soil characteristics, the subsoil can be divided into following 

different strata: 

• Strata I: (From ground level upto a depth of 5.5m). It consists predominantly of 

fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of medium plasticity (CI), sandy silt of low 

plasticity (CL) & sandy silt (ML). 

• Strata II: (From 5.5m to 11.0 m depth below ground level). It consists 

predominantly of coarse grained soils i.e, silty sand (SM/SP-SM). 

• Strata III: (From depth 11.0 to 19.4 m below ground level). It consists 

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of low plasticity (CL) & sandy silt 

of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). 

• Strata IV: (From depth 19.4 to 20.4 m below ground level). It consists of silt sand. 

(ii) 

(iii) 

The coefficient of permeability ranged from 4.4 x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec for 

low to medium plastic soils comprising of clayey silt of low to medium 

plasticity (CI/CL) & sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However for nonplastic 

soils comprising of silty sand (SM/SP-SM) & sandy silt (ML) the 

coefficient permeability ranged from 1.6 x 10 -4 to 4.8 x 10 -4 cm/sec. Fig 4.23 

depicts the variation of permeability in different strata. 

The groundwater was encountered at 4.5 m depth from existing ground level. 

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site: The geotechnical investigation of the site was carried 

out from 27.02.2002 to 01.03.2002. The test results are tabulated in table 4.14 

below. 


4


Page No.87 

Table 4.14: Geo-technical Investigation Results at the Proposed Site Located near Wazirpur CETP 

Depth Soil 

Classification 

(I.S) 



Gravel 

% 

Sand 

% 

Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticity 

index 

Coefficient of 

Permeability, 

cm/sec 

G.L Clayey Silt of 

0 - - - - - - - - 

Medium Plasticity 

1.00 (CI) 

2.50 

7 7 69 17 35 22 13 8.3 x 10 -7 

2.50 0 22 78 0 Non Plastic 1.8 x 10 -4 

3.50 

Sandy Silt (ML) 

4.00 2 7 83 8 32 21 11 2.6 x 10 -6 

5.5 Clayey Silt of low 

Plasticity (CL) 

7 9.30 1 17 74 8 29 20 9 3.2 x 10 -6 

8.5 

Sandy Silt of low 


10.00 - - - - - - - - 

10.00 0 1 84 15 38 23 15 7.1 x 10 -7 

11.50 - - - - - - - - 

13.00 

Clayey Silt of 

0 3 66 31 48 26 22 3.4 x 10 -7 

14.5 Medium plasticity 

- - - - - - - - 

(CI) 

16.00 15.90 - - - - - - - - 

17.50 0 30 66 4 23 18 5 6.2 x 10 -5 

19.00 Sandy Silt of low 

18.50 4 1 69 26 43 25 18 5.5 x 10 -7 

Plasticity (ML-CL) 

19.0 

20.00 

- - - - - - - - 

Clayey Silt of 

Medium Plasticity 

20.40 (CI) 

20.40 



Page No.89 


1. The sub-soil strata from present ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists 

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. clayey silt of low medium plasticity (CI/CL), 

sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL) & sandy silt (ML). 

2. The coefficient of permeability ranged from 6.2 x 10 -5 to 3.4 x 10 -7 cm/sec for 

low to medium plastic soils comprising of clayey silt of low to medium plasticity 

(CI/CL) & sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However for non-plastic soils 

comprising of sandy silt (ML) the coefficient of permeability is around 1.8 x 10 -4 

cm/sec. Fig 4.24 depicts the variation of permeability in different strata. 

3. The groundwater table was encountered at 9.3 m depth below ground level. 

Site III: Gumman Herra site: 

The geotechnical investigation of the site was carried out from 20.03.2002 to 

21.03.2002. The test results are tabulated in table 4.15 belo 


4


Page No.90 

Table 4.15: Geo-technical Investigation Results at Site Located in Village Guman Hera 

Depth Soil Classification 

(I.S) 



Gravel 

% 

Sand % Silty % Clay % Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticity 

index 

G.L 0 - - - - - - - - 

Coefficient 

of 

Permeabilit 

y, cm/sec 

1.00 Sandy Silt of Low 

plasticity (ML-CL) 

2.50 

0 41 50 9 25 19 6 5.6 x 10 -5 

2.50 

Silty Sand (SP-SM) 

0 88 12 0 Non Plastic 4.7 x 10 -4 

4.00 

6.10 

5.0 

- - - - - - - - 


4 25 60 11 29 20 9 6.2 x 10 -6 

7 


8.5 

- - - - - - - - 

8.5 2 15 79 4 25 19 6 5.1 x 10 -5 

10.00 - - - - - - - - 

11.50 4 38 52 6 23 18 5 7.7 x 10 -5 


- - - - - - - - 

14.5 

Plasticity (ML - CL) 

1 35 56 8 27 20 7 4.9 x 10 -5 

16.00 14 28 51 7 25 19 6 5.3 x 10 -5 

17.50 - - - - - - - - 

19.00 

Sandy Silt (CL) 

20.00 

- - - - - - - - 

20.00 20.40 3 21 63 13 31 21 10 3.1 x 10 -6 

20.40 

- - - - - - - - 



Page No.91 


1. The sub-soil strata from existing ground surface to 20.40m depth consists 

predominantly of fine grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). 

However, the sub-soil strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of 

coarse grained soils i.e. silty sand (SP-SM). 

2. During the field investigation, groundwater table was encountered at 6.10 m 

depth below the existing ground level. 

Fig 4.25 depicts the variation of permeability through different strata. 


4


Page No.92 

Fig 4.23: Coefficient of permeability versus depth of subsoil at 

Bawana Industry Relocation Site 

0.0006 

Coefficient of permeability, cm/sec 

0.0005 

0.0004 

0.0003 

0.0002 

0.0001 

0 

-0.0001 

0 11.4 1.42 4 

4 55.5 

5.5 8 

10 

11 

0 5 10 15 20 25 

Depth of subsoil 

16 

18.5 

19.4 

20.4 


4


Page No.93 

Fig 4.24 :Coefficient of Permeability versus depth of subsoil at 

Wazirpur CETP site 

0.0002 

3.5 

Coefficient of Permeability, cm/sec 

0.00015 

0.0001 

0.00005 

0 

19 

15.9 

2.5 

7 10 

20.4 

0 5 10 15 20 25 

-0.00005 

Depth of subsoil, m 


4


Page No.94 

Fig 4.25 : Coefficient of Permeability versus Depth of Sub soil 

at Guman Hera site 

Coefficient of Permeability, cm/sec 

0.0006 

0.0005 

0.0004 

0.0003 

0.0002 

0.0001 

0 

-0.0001 

5 

0 2.5 8.5 

20 

20.4 

0 5 10 15 20 25 

Depth of Subsoil 


4


4.7 METEOROLOGY 

Page No.95 

4.7.1 Climate 

The climate of NCT, Delhi is mainly semi-arid and is largely influenced by its inland 

position and the prevalence of air of the continental type during the major part of the 

year. Extreme dryness with an intensely hot summer and cold winter are the 

characteristics of the climate. Only during the three monsoon months July, August 

and September does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this district and causes 

increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. The year can broadly be divided 

into four seasons. The cold season starts in late November and extends to about the 

beginning of March. This is followed by hot season which lasts till about the end of 

June when the monsoon arrives over the district. The monsoon arrives over the 

district. The dryness of the air with an intensely hot summer and a cold winter are 

the characteristics of the climate. Air of oceanic origin reaches the city only during 

the three monsoon months, July, August and September, bringing with it increased 

humidity, cloudiness and rain. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold 

season starts in late November and extends to the beginning of March. This is 

followed by the hot season which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon 

arrives over the region. The monsoon continues to the last week of September. The 

two post monsoon months October and November constitute a transition period from 

the monsoon to winter conditions. 

4.7.2 Rainfall 

The rainfall within NCT - Delhi are being recorded at 13 stations: 

1. Chandrawl (obsy) 2. New Delhi (Safd) 3. New Delhi (Palam) 

4. Okhala (obsy) 5. Mehrauli 6. Delhi (Sadar) 

7. Nangloi 8. Sahadara 9. Najafgarh 

10. Badli 11. Alipur 12. Narela 

13. Delhi (city) 

The normal annual rainfall in the NCT -Delhi is 797.3 mm (50 years). During the 

period 1993 - 1997, annual average rainfall observed was 905.32 mm. About 81% of 

the annual rainfall is received during three monsoon months of july, August and 

September, while balance annual rainfall is received as winter rains and as 

thunderstorm rain during pre and post-monsoon months. There have been a steady 

change in rainfall from year to year. The maximum rainfall recorded in the region was 

251% of the normal in 1933 while 44% of normal was the minimum in 1951. A study 

of the trend of the annual rainfall in the region for 80 years (1901 - 1980) shows that 

precipitation is mostly erratic in its arial distribution and intensity. The rainfall 

increases from South west to north east. 

On average, rains of 2.5 mm or more falls on 27 days in a year. Of these, 19 days 

are covered under monsoon months; two to three days in June while rest in other 

seasons. 


4


Page No.96 

The average monthly rainfall data for NCT - Delhi is given below in following table 

4.16. 

Table 4.16: Average Monthly Rainfall in NCT-Delhi. 

Month Rainfall in mm Rainfall in mm Monthly average rainfall 

Safdarjung Station Palam station NCT- Delhi (1993 - 1997) 

50 yrs. 

50 yrs 

January 20.3 14.8 26.7 

February 15.0 14.1 13.9 

March 15.8 9.3 12.6 

April 6.7 6.1 13.2 

May 17.5 18.9 19.9 

June 54.9 54.2 121.0 

July 231.5 241.1 223.11 

August 258.7 284.3 305.21 

September 127.8 119.4 136.8 

October 36.3 16.8 15.6 

November 5.0 6.4 2.8 

December 7.8 8.6 14.5 

Total 797.3 794.0 905.32 

Source: 1) Indian Metereogical Department, 2) Project titled REIA of proposed new indl. 

Areas in Delhi, by CES for DSIDC 

4.7.3 Temperature 

Extremes of temperature are a significant characteristics of Delhi climate. The 

temperature gradually rises from January till May, which is the hottest month of a 

year with a mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 39.9 o C and 25.6 o C. In the 

month of December, January and February, there is a considerable drop in the mean 

minimum and maximum temperatures. January is the coldest month with mean 

minimum and maximum temperatures 7.4 o C and 20.7 o C respectively. The average 

annual mean minimum and maximum temperatures are 18.7 o C and 31 o C. 

4.7.4. Humidity 

The air is generally dry during the greater part of the year. Humidity is high about 75 

- 80 % in the southwest monsoon season. April and May are the driest months when 

the relative humidities in the afternoons become 20 percent. 

4.7.5. Winds 

Winds are generally light in the post-monsoon and winter months. They are stronger 

in the summer and monsoon months. Winds are predominantly easterly to 

southeasterly in the monsoon season. In the other seasons winds are mostly 

westerly or northwesterly. Northerly or northeasterly winds are not uncommon during 

afternoons. 

Average wind speed for NCT - Delhi is as given below in table 4.17. 


4


Table 4.17: Average Wind Speed in NCT - Delhi 

Months Mean wind speed (km/h) 

January 8.3 

February 10.1 

March 10.7 

April 11.2 

May 12.8 

June 13.7 

July 9.9 

August 8.3 

September 8.9 

October 6.1 

November 6.1 

December 7.4 

Mean 9.5 

The windrose diagram for NCT- Delhi is shown in Fig 4.26. 

Page No.97 

It can be inferred from the above tables and windrose diagram, that wind speeds are 

higher in summer and mid-monsoon, and are associated with higher mixing heights 

providing high ventilation. 

The most prevalent direction of wind is towards West and towards North-West 

having average wind speed ranging from 9.5 Km.p.h. 

4.7.6. Special Weather Phenomena 

April to June is the period with the highest incidence of thunderstorms and duststorms. 

Violent squalls (andhis) often accompany such storms. Where some of the 

thunder storms are dry, others are accompanied with heavy rains and occasionally 

with hail. In association with western disturbances a few thunderstorms occur in the 

winter months also. Fogs occur sometimes in the winter season. 

4.7.7 Ambient Air Quality 

Secondary Data 

Ambient air quality monitoring is being carried out regularly at nine stations in NCT - 

Delhi. Out of these three stations viz, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Bagh, Najafgarh road 

falls within our study areas. The annual average ambient air quality at some of the 

stations falling within the study area are given below in table 4.18 & 4.19 as given 

below: 

Table 4.18: Ambient Air Quality around site II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Station SPM, µg/m 3 SOx, µg/m 3 NOx, µg/m 3 

Ashok Vihar 425 12 28 

Najafgarh road 400 20 36 

Shahzada Bagh 475 18 45 

Source: State of Environment Report on Delhi 2001, Dept of Environment, NCT- Delhi. 


4


Table 4.19: Ambient Air Quality around Site I & Site IV 

Page No.98 

Station SPM, µg/m 3 

Sox, µg/m 3 

NOx, µg/m 3 

Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg 

Bawana 129 532 322 13.4 30.5 20.8 37 49.7 42.9 

Narela 121 371 221 6.8 28.4 16 15.1 44.8 33.6 

Ghoga 157 421 315 6.8 16.8 10.7 6.8 38.4 20.3 

Holambikalan 126 428 237 6.8 14.8 10.7 7.5 26.4 18.3 

Source: Project titled REIA of proposed new Indl. Areas in Delhi, by CES for DSIDC. 

Primary Data 

Site –I : Bawana industry relocation site 

The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at the site on 24 hourly basis 

continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 15 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at 

the proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site 

are given in Table 4.20 & 4.21 

Table 4.20 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results at Bawana Industry 

Relocation Site 

Date Time period Sox , 

ug /m 3 

06/02/02 

- 

07/02/02 

07/02/02 

- 

08/02/02 

08/02/02 

- 

09/02/02 

SOx, 

(24-hr 

avg.) 

NOx , 

ug /m 3 NOx, (24- 

hr avg.) 

*SPM, ug/m 3 

(24 - hr avg.) 

1400 - 2200 7.6 8 69 59 1000 

2200 - 0600 7.3 55 

0600 - 1400 8.7 54 

1400 - 2200 8.2 7.7 38 42 600 

2200 - 0600 7.1 50 

0600 - 1400 7.9 39 

1400 - 2200 6.1 6 40 34 400 

2200 - 0600 5.5 32 

0600 - 1400 6 29 

The high SPM concentration is due to the presence of a rice mill adjacent to the 

proposed site in Bawana industry relocation site. The SOx and NOx concentration is 

well within the prescribed standards. 

Table 4.21: Noise level monitored near proposed site in Bawana 

Time Observed Leq, Limits in residential Limits in Industrial 

dB(A) 

area 

area 

Day (0600 - 2100) 52 55 75 

Night (2100 - 0600) 40 45 70 


4


Page No.99 

Noise level was found to be well within the stipulated standards for industrial as well 

as residential areas. 

Site –II (Wazirpur CETP Site) 


continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 16 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at the 

proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site are 

given in Table 4.22 & 4.23 

Table 4.22: Ambient Air Quality of Wazirpur CETP Site 

Date Time period Sox , 

ug /m 3 

SOx, 

24-hr 

avg 

NOx , ug 

/m3 

NOx, 24-hr 

avg 

4/3/02 0600 - 1400 12.30 27 55.40 56 582 

1400 - 2200 40.20 48.20 

2200 - 0600 29.40 63.30 

5/3/02 0600 - 1400 14.50 29 49.71 53 322 

1400 - 2200 42.00 50.00 

2200 - 0600 31.00 60.00 

SPM, ug/m3 

(24 - hr avg.) 

6/3/02 0600 - 1400 10.60 25 40.30 51 382 

1400 - 2200 35.00 56.30 

2200 - 0600 30.10 55.10 

Table 4.23: Noise level at Wazirpur CETP site 

Time Observed Leq, dB(A) Limits in 

Commercial 

Area 

Day (0600 - 2100) 58 65 

Night (2100 - 0600) 57 55 

Site –III (Guman Hera Site) 


continuosly for 3 days. Photo plate 17 shows the ambient air monitoring set up at the 

proposed site. The results of ambient air quality and noise monitoring at the site are 

given in Table 4.24 & 4.25 

Table 4.24: Ambient Air Quality of Guman Hera Site 

Date Time period SOx , ug /m 3 Sox, (24- 

hr avg.) 

NOx , ug 

/m3 

NOx, 24- 

hr avg 

SPM, ug/m3 

(24 - hr avg) 

19/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.66 1.8 2.61 2.1 152.7931 

1500 - 2300 2.68 1.52 

2300 - 0700 1.07 2.12 

20/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.08 1.7 1.84 1.6 160.23 

1500 - 2300 2.79 1.91 


4


Page No.100 

2300 - 0700 1.16 0.89 

21/3/2002 0700 - 1500 1.05 1.6 1.49 1.5 145.12 

1500 - 2300 2.56 2.34 

2300 - 0700 1.28 0.64 

The ambient air quality of the site is within the prescribed standard for residential 

area. 

Table 4.25: Noise Level of Guman Hera site 

Time Observed 

Leq, dB(A) 

Limits in 

residential area 

Limits in Industrial 

area 

Day ( 0600 - 2100) 45 55 75 

Night (2100 - 0600) 40 45 70 

The noise level of this site is within prescribed standards. 


4


Page No.101 


4


Page No.102 


4


4.9 DEMOGRAPHY 

Page No.103 

Source: (1) Population Statistics, NCT-Delhi, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Delhi, 

(2) Census of India 2001, Series 8, Delhi Provisional Population Total, Paper 2 of 2001. 

The population of NCT - Delhi has been growing at alarming rate. In last five decadal 

growth has been above 50% and has resulted into a population of 94.21 lakhs in 

1991. As per 1991 census, the whole of NCT- Delhi has been divided into four 

regions viz MCD & census town, NDMC, Delhi Cantt, rural Delhi. Whereas as per 

2001 census, six distinguished regions can be identified. They are: 

• North 

• North-West 

• West 

• South-West 

• South 

• New Delhi 

• Central 

• East 

• North-East 

The decadal growth rate estimated as per 2001 census in NCT - Delhi is given 

below: 

Sl. No. District Decadal growth 

rate 

1. North-West 60.12% 

2. South 50.27% 

3. West 47.81% 

4. North-East 62.52% 

5. South -West 61.29% 

6. East 41.61% 

7. North 13.3% 

8. Central -1.91% 

9. New Delhi 2.47% 

Site I: Bawana industry relocation site 

This site falls under North-West district. There are about 12 villages within 5 Km 

radius from the proposed site. Fig 4.2 shows the location of these villages w.r.t the 

proposed site. The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in 

table 4.26 . 

Table No. 4.26 Demographic Pattern within the 5-km Radius of Site-I 

Village Name Distance from Population 

proposed site in (1991) 

km 

Lampur ~5 1680 2690 

Kureni 4 - 5 1487 2380.9 

Bhorgarh 3 - 4 3174 5082 

Population (2001) 

[1991 census 

multiplied by growth 

rate* ] 


4


Page No.104 

Tikri Khurd ~5 3132 5014 

Shah Pur Garh ~4 2399 3841 

Sanoth 1 - 2 4756 7615 

Ghoga ~3 4357 6976 

Iradat Nagar ~3 2703 4328 

Holambikhurg 2 - 3 2104 3373.7 

Holambikalan ~1 3942 6311.9 

Khera Khurd ~5 7182 11499.8 

Barwala ~5 3863 6193.4 

* Population of villages and blockwise data is not yet published in Census 2001 

provsional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation 

Site II: Wazirpur CETP site: 

This site falls under urban area of North West district. Within 5 Km radius from the 

site, 16 charges fall as given in the table 4.27. The demographic pattern around the 

proposed site is given below in table 4.27. 


4


Page No.105 

Table 4.27: Demographic Profile within 5 Km Radius from Proposed Site near 

Wazirpur CETP 

Sl. Charge 

Localities 

Distance Population Population 

No. No. 

from site (1991) (2001)* 

(Km) 

1. 44 New Rohtak road, Nai Basti, Anand 4 - 5 36,306 58,133 

Parbat Indl Area,.. 

2. 45 Old Rohtak road, Sarai Rohilla, West 3 - 5 27,269 43,663 

moti Bagh, Subhadra Colony, Inder 

Lok, Shahazada Bagh,.. 

3. 46 Shastri Nagar, Nimri village,.. 3 - 4 52,206 83,592 

4. 47 Tri Nagar, Joor Bagh, Shanti Nagr, 3 - 4 1,01,867 1,63,109 

Onkar Nagar, ... 

5. 48 J.J. colony Wazirpur, Ashok Vihar - 0 - 2 78,315 1,25,396 

IV, Ashok Vihar - III, Sawan Park Ext., 

Shakti Nagar Ext,.. 

6. 49 DESU colony, G.T. road, Rana Pratap 1 - 3 78,488 1,25,675 

Bagh, Village Azadpur, Village 

Bharola, Village Pipal thalla,.. 

7. 51 Roop Nagar, Kamla Nagar, Jawahar 3 - 4 34,669 55,512 

Nagar 

9. 57 Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Tagore 3 - 4 61,095 97,825 

Park, radio colony, Mukerji Nagar,.. 

10 58 Village Rajpura, Old Gupta colony, 1 - 3 58,756 94,080 

D.T.C colony, State Bank colony, 

Mahendra enclave, 

11. 59 Model Town I, Model Town II, Kewal 2 - 4 10,705 17,141 

Park, Majlis park, Jahangirpuri, 

Sanjay Nagar,.. 

12. 60 Shalimar Bagh, Singhal village, village 2 - 4 97,570 1,56,229 

Haider Pur, Ambedkar colony, Nehru 

Camp,.. 

13. 62 J.J. colony Shakurpur, Anand Vihar, 4 - 5 96,552 1,54,599 

Sahyog Appartments, 

14. 71 Village Shakurpur, Mahindra Park, 4 - 5 70,717 13,224 

Rani Bagh 

15. 72 Rohtak road, Bhagwan Dass Nagar, 4 - 5 33,354 53,406 

Punjabi Bagh, Shivaji Park 

16. 106 Ashok Vihar Ph I, village Wazirpur, 0 - 2 72,716 1,16,433 

Ashok Vihar Ph II, Ashok Vihar Ph I, 

Wazirpur Indl Area 

* Population of villages and block-wise data is not yet published in Census 

2001 provisional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation 

Site III: Guman Hera Site 

This site falls under South-west region. There are about 15 villages within 5 km 

radius from the proposed site as shown in Fig 4.7. 

The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in table 4.28: 


4


Page No.106 

Table 4.28: Demographic Pattern around the 5 km radius of Site-III: Guman 

Hera Site 

Village Name 

Distance from site Population Population 

(km) 

(1991) 

(2001)* 

Daryapur khurd ~3 1,505 2,427 

Deorala ~4 359 579 

Ghalibpur ~4 889 1,434 

Guman Hera ~1 3,142 5,068 

Jhul Jhuli ~2 1,099 1,772 

Malik Pur Zer Nazafgarh ~5 2,398 3,868 

Raota ~1 2,353 3,795 

Sarang Pur ~3 767 1,237 

Ujwa ~5 3,874 6,248 

Daulat Pur ~4 1,495 2,411 

Hasan Pur ~3 870 1,403 

Jhatikara ~4 1,617 2,608 

Khar Khari Rond ~4 782 1,261 

Pindwalan khurd ~4 1,366 2,203 

Sikar Pur ~2 2,291 3,695 

* Rural and blockwise Population (2001) is not yet published in Census 2001 

provsional list, hence decadal growth factor has been used for estimation 

Site IV: Bawana Old site 

This site falls under North-West region. There are about 12 villages within 5 Km 

radius from the proposed site. Fig 4.8 shows the location of these villages w.r.t the 

proposed site. The demographic pattern around the proposed site is given below in 

table 4.29. 

Table No. 4.29 

Village Name 

Demographic Pattern within the 5-km Radius of Site-IV 

Distance from Population 

site (km) (1991) 

Lampur ~4 1,680 2,690 

Bankaner ~4 10,852 17,376 

Bhorgarh ~4 3,174 5,082 

Kureni ~4 1,487 2,380.9 

Razabpur kalan ~5 1,100 1761 

Sanoth ~1 4,756 7,615 

Ghoga ~2 4,357 6,976 

Daryapur kalan ~5 4,616 7,391 

Ochandi ~5 1,847 2,957 

Bazirpur Thakran ~5 3,564 5,704 

Nangal Thakran ~5 3,779 6,051 

Sultanpur Dabaj ~4 4,997 8,001 

Iradat Nagar ~3 3,175 5,083 

Holambikhurg ~4 7,182 11,499 

Holambikalan ~4 2,203 4,328 

Khera Khurd ~5 2,107 3,373 

Population (2001) based on 

growth rate factor of 60.12% 


4


Page No.107 

Village Name Distance from 

site (km) 

Population 

(1991) 

Population (2001) based on 

growth rate factor of 60.12% 

Bawana ~1 7,182 11,500 

Narela ~5 16,405 60,602 

Put kurdh ~4 37,848 13,198 

4.10 LAND USE (Figure 4.27, 4.28 & 4.29) 

Back Ground 

The land use studies, around 5 km radius area of the proposed sites located near 

Wazirpur, Bawana and Gummenhera were undertaken by using visual image 

interpretation of Remote Sensing Techniques with special reference to assessment 

of this activity on its environment. Land comprises the physical environment 

including the climate, physiography, relief, soils, hydrology and vegetation to the 

extent it influences the potential land use. It also includes the past activities i.e. 

clearance of vegetation for industries, habitation, rainfed or irrigated agriculture, 

recreation, etc. and present status of degradation. On the other hand, the land cover 

indicates the natural vegetation e.g. forest, scrub and grass land cover. Identification 

and surveillance of land uses and vegetation cover together with net work of water 

bodies-rivers, nalas, canals, tanks, reservoirs, human habitation, places of 

archeological importance, etc. in the viscinity of such developmental activity are the 

important components of the environment impact assessment accomplished through 

this kind of land use study. 

Land use/ Land Cover Mapping (5 km radius) Around Proposed Sites 

Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site & Site IV: Bawana Old Site 

Fig 4.26 shows landuse map within 5 Km radius from the potential site. The land use 

statistics is presented in table 4.30 and Figure 4.30 depicts the distribution of 

landuse pattern within 5 Km radius of the proposed site. Fig 4.30 shows the 

dominance of agricultural ecosystem (64.8%) followed by built-up area (25%), waste 

lands (8.9%), Forest (1.1%) and water bodies (0.2%) in decreasing order of extent. 

Table 4.30 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius of proposed hazardous waste 

disposal site in Bawana in industry relocation area. 

Level I Area % Level II Area Sq. % 

km. 

1. Built-up area 19.47 25.0 Urban 0.23 00.3 

Industrial 7.86 10.1 

Residential 9.70 12.5 

Village 1.68 2.1 

Sub Total 19.47 25.0 Sub Total 19.47 25.0 

2. Agricultural 64.8 Single cropped land 0.85 1.1 

Double Cropped land 43.69 56.1 

Fallow land 4.97 6.3 

Plantation " 0.98 1.3 


4


Page No.108 


km. 


3. Forest 0.86 1.1 Dense 0.31 0.4 

Open 0.31 0.4 

Plantation 0.08 0.1 

Degraded 0.16 0.2 


4. Waste lands 6.92 8.9 Self affected lands 

Uplands with scrub 

2.33 

2.57 

3.0 

3.3 

Uplands without scrub 2.02 2.6 

6.92 8.9 Sub Total 6.92 8.9 

5. Water bodies 0.16 0.2 Tank 0.16 0.2 


Total 77.90 100.0 Total 77.90 100.0 


4


Page No.109 


4


Page No.110 


4


Page No.111 


4


Page No.112 

1% 

9% 0% 

25% 

Built-up area 

Agriculture 

Forest 

Wastelands 

Waterbodies 

65% 

Fig. 4.30 Figure showing percentage distribution of areas under different major land 

use categories, Bawana site, Delhi-39 


4



Page No.113 

Fig 4.27 depicts the landuse map within 5 Km radius from the proposed site. The 

land use statistics is presented in table 4.31 and the land use map in Figure 4.27 

reveals the dominance of industrial land use in the western part followed by 

residential, etc. The pie diagram (Fig 4.31) at a glance presents the dominance of 

different land uses in the study areas. The different landuse patterns of the study 

area in decreasing order are built - up area (84.6%), Agriculture (3.6%), Forest 

(5.4%), Wasteland (4.8%) and water bodies (1.6%). 

Table 4.31 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius of proposed hazardous waste 

disposal site near Wazirpur CETP 

Level I Area % Level II Area % 

1. Built-up area 68.16 84.6 Industrial area 3.54 4.4 

Residential 12.97 16.1 

Residential with green 44.65 55.4 

Recreational / park 6.52 8.1 

Open 0.48 0.6 

Sub Total 68.16 84.6 Sub total 68.16 84.6 

2. Agricultural Double Cropped 2.17 2.7 

Fallow 0.72 0.9 


3. Forest 4.34 5.40 Dense forest 1.37 1.7 

Open forest 0.16 0.2 

Blank / degraded 0.08 0.1 

Scrub 2.57 3.2 



4. Waste lands 3.86 4.80 Marsh 2.17 2.7 

Reclaimed Marsh 1.69 2.1 


5. Water Bodies 1.29 1.60 Tanks / Reservoir 1.29 1.60 

Sub Total 1.29 1.60 Sub total 1.29 1.60 

Total 80.54 100.00 Total 80.54 100.00 

Site III: Guman Hera 

Fig 4.28 depicts the landuse map within 5 Km radius from the proposed site. The 

land use statistics of Guman Hera Site is given in table 4.32 and figure 4.32 shows 

a pie diagram to project percentage distribution of area under different land uses.The 

different landuse patterns of the study area are agriculture (89.1%) wastelands 

(5.2%), Built-up-area (2.7%) and water bodies (0.8%). 

Table 4.32 : Land use statistics of 5 km radius area of proposed hazardous 

waste site in village Guman Hera. 


km. 

1. Built-up area 2.18 2.7 Village 2.18 2.7 


2. Agriculture Double Cropped 69.81 86.3 


4


Page No.114 

Follow 2.18 2.7 



3. Forest 1.81 2.20 Open forest t t 

Scrub land 1.65 2.00 

Blank / degraded 0.16 0.20 


4. Wasteland 4.20 5.20 Salt affected land 3.96 4.90 

Marsh land 0.24 0.30 


Water Bodies 0.64 0.80 Tank / Reservoir 0.64 0.80 


Total 80.90 100.00 Total 80.90 100.00 


4


Page No.115 

4% 

5% 

5% 2% 

Built-up area 

Agriculture 

Forest 


84% 

Waterbodies 

Fig.4.31: Percentage distribution of areas under different major land use categories, 

Wazirpur site, Delhi-52 


4


Page No.116 

2% 5% 1% 

3% 

Built-up area 

Agriculture 

Forest 


Waterbodies 

89% 

Fig.4.32: Figure showing percentage distribution of areas under different 

major land use categories, Gummanhera site, Delhi-43 


4


4.11 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES 

Page No.117 

Site I: Bawana industry relocation site: 

There is no monument within 10 Km radius from the proposed site. 


There is no monument within 1 Km radius from the proposed site. However, there 

are around 14 monuments of National importance within 10 Km radius from the 

proposed site as given below in table 4.33. 

Table 4.33: List of Monuments within 10 Km radius from Wazirpur CETP site 

Sl. No. 

Name of the Monument 

1. Phool chadar near Najafgarh Jheel 

2. Alipur Cemetry 

3. Ashoka's Pillar 

4. Chauburji at Ridge 

5. D Erea Cemetry 

6. Enclosure containing the grave of Ltd. Edwards & 

others, murdered in 1857 

7. Flag staff Tower 

8. Old Baoli, West of Hindu Rao's House 

9. Pirghaih at ridge 

10. Punjabi Gate 

11. Rajpur cemetry 

12. Tripalin Gate 

13. Gateway of Badli Ka Sarai 

14. Sheesh Mahal 

Source: Archeological Survey of India, Delhi Circle. 


There is only one monument beyond 5 km radius and within 10 km radius from the 

proposed site i.e Palam Mosque as per ASI, Delhi Circle. 

Site IV: Bawana Old site 

There is no monument of National importance within 10 Km radius from the 

proposed site. 

According to the bylaws, stipulated by Archeological Survey of India, no 

construction activity is allowed within 300 m from the boundary of the 

monument. 


4


4.12 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN 

Page No.118 

Fig 4.33 and Fig 4.34 depicts the morpho - landuse and land suitability and land 

capability map of NCT - Delhi. From these figures, it can be predicted that site I & IV 

fall under transitional land zone because of high moisture content. The future 

landuse plan for Bawana relocation industry area as planned by DSIDC is shown in 

Fig 4.35. There is no landuse plan made for the proposed site. 

Site II i.e. near Wazirpur CETP is a wasteland and no future landuse plan has been 

made for it. 

Site III near village Gumman Hera is a barren land. It falls under structurally sag 

zone. The site is not suitable for developing as agriculture land. As of now no future 

landuse plan has been made for the proposed site. 

4.13 DISTANCE FROM AIRPORT 

All the four proposed sites fall outside the air corridor and Director General of Civil 

Aviation (DGCA) has no objection in developing these sites for Industrial hazardous 

waste facility from aerodrome point of view. The No objection certificate from DGCA 

is given in Annex IV. 

4.14 ROAD LINKAGE 

To have a proper development, accessibility and connectivity plays an important 

role, therefore, adequate linkages is necessary. Fig 4.2, 4.5, 4.7 respectively shows 

the major road networks around the proposed hazardous waste disposal sites. 

The major linkages around the proposed sites are as follows:- 

Site I: Bawana Industry Relocation Site 

1. Delhi - Bawana road. 

2. Bawana - Narela road 

3. Proposed 60 feet wide road near the proposed site ( under construction) 


1. G. T. Road (NH 1) 

2. NH 2 

3. Ring road. 

Site II: Gumman Hera site 

1. Najafgarh - Guman Hera 

2. Sikarpur - Guman Hera via Jhatikara 


4


Page No.119 


4


Page No.120 


4


Page No.121 


4


4.15 FOREST AREA 

Page No.122 

Only Bawana old site falls under protected forest area. Bawana Forest is about 1 km 

from the proposed site. The other three sites do not fall under any notified forest 

area. 

4.16 NATURAL HAZARDS 

Natural hazards comprises of flood, 4.36 shows the natural hazards in NCT- Delhi. 

• Flood prone areas 

There are two types of flood plain, one older flood plain and other newer flood plain 

as shown in Fig 4.19. Older flood plain has erosional characteristics whereas newer 

flood plain has depositional characteristic. The older flood plain of Yamuna is prone 

to annual and periodic floods. The areas most affected are west of Shahadra in trans 

Yamuna area and between Narela - Wazirabad and Redfort - Okhala barrage in the 

cis Yamuna area. Fig 4.36 shows area prone to annual floods and areas prone to 

occasional floods. None of the proposed sites fall under any of these flood plains. 

• Water logged areas and other unstable lands 

Fig 4.37 shows the seasonally/perennially water logged / tract in NCT- Delhi. Water 

logging is a common phenomenon in the immediate vicinity of canal and large fluvial 

features e.g. near Model Town, Adarsh Nagar etc. Fig 4.37 also shows zones having 

saline brackish ground water, bad land, groundwater overdraft zones , etc. All the 

four proposed sites fall outside these zones. 

• Siesmicity 

NCT of Delhi is categorised in the seismic zone IV as shown in Fig 4.38. Zone IV is 

charaterised by a significantly high intensity of seismic activities. This class has a 

fairly high probability of earthquake shocks measuring 5 - 6 on the richter scale, low 

probability of shocks of 6 - 7 on the richter scale and, occasional occurrence of 

shocks of 7 - 8 on the richter scale. Fig 4.39 shows the epicentre of few of the past 

earthquake shocks occurred in NCT - Delhi. 


4


Page No.123 


4


Page No.124 


4


Page No.125 


4


Page No.126 


4

Rapid EIA Studies of 3 Pre-identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in NCT - Delhi 

Page No.127 

Chapter - 5 

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE 

DISPOSAL SITES 

5.1 EVALUATION OF SITES 

The pre-identified hazardous wastes disposal sites in NCT - Delhi have been 

evaluated based on existing environmental settings and as per the criteria developed 

by CPCB, MOEF and the criteria followed internationally. (refer Chapter 3 & 4) 

All the features as described in all the criteria have been investigated with respect to 

pre-identified four sites in NCT - Delhi. The evaluation of each site is given in Table 

5.1 through 5.4. 

Table 5.1: Evaluation of Bawana Relocation Industrial Site 

Location of Site: Near Vinod Rice Mill, Holambi Kalan 

Village 

Sanoth 

District 

Sl. Criteria 

No. 

NCT - Delhi 

CPCB criteria 

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than 

200 m from the site 

2. A navigable river or stream shall be 

more than 100 m away from the site 

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood 

plain of major rivers 

4. Right of way of any National or State 

highway shall be 500m away from the 

site 

Conformity 

with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 Y 

meter away from the site 

6. A public park shall be 500 meter 

Y 

away from site 

7. No site shall be within critical habitat Y 

area (like reserved forest) 

8. No site shall be within wetlands Y 

9. No site shall be within a zone notified Y # 

by aviation authority around airport 

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m 

away from the site 

Y 

11. No site shall be within coastal 

Y 

regulation zone (closer than 500m 

from high tide line as per MOEF 

guideline) 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Remarks 

Water supply source is 

3 Km away 

12. No site in areas of groundwater table Y As per CGWB, 


5


Page No.128 


Village 

Sanoth 

District 

NCT - Delhi 

Sl. Criteria 

No. 

less than 2 m below the base of the 

landfill 

13. The site shall be more than 25 Km 

away from ecologically and or other 

sensitive areas 

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km 

from high tide line 

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from 

flood plain or modified flood plain 

affected by dam in the upstream or 

by flood control systems 


from highway and railway 

MOEF Guidelines 

17. The site shall be 25 km away from 

the projected growth boundary of the 

settlement for atleast a decade. 

Conformity 

with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

Criteria followed internationally 

Y 

18. The site shall not be existing or 

planned drinking water protection and 

catchment areas 

19. The site shall not fall under Flood 

prone areas 

20. The site shall not fall within areas 

with unstable ground 

Remarks 

groundwater level 

around the site ranges 

between 0.7 to 4.5 m 

bgl. During geotechnical 

investigation 

of the site, groundwater 

table was encountered 

at 4.5 m bgl. 

N There are more than 30 

historical monuments of 

national importance in 

NCT - Delhi which will 

fall within 25 km from 

the site. In addition to 

this protected /reserved 

forests also fall within 

this distance. 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

Y 

The site is adjacent to 

60 m wide road (under 

construction) 

The present nearest 

settlement (Holambi 

Kalan) is about 1 Km 


having a population of 

6312 as per 2001 

census. 


5


Page No.129 


Village 

Sanoth 

District 

NCT - Delhi 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

Conformity 

with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

21. The site shall be more than 300 

Y 

meter away from populated areas 

22. No National Parks, Monuments, Y 

Forests with large no. of flora and 

fauna, Historical, Religious & other 

important cultural places shall exist 

within the site 

23. The site shall not be close to airport 

(as given in CPCB criteria) 

Y # 

Remarks 

Closest village is 1 km 

away 

# As per DGCA, no person shall slaughter or flay any animal or deposit or drop any 

rubbish, filth, garbage or any polluted or obnoxious matter including such material 

from hotels, meat shops, fish shops and bone-processing mills which attracts or is 

likely to attract vultures or any other birds and animals, within a radius of 10 Km 

from the aerodrome reference point. For this site, DGCA has no objection for 

developing it as hazardous waste disposal facility (NOC from DGCA is enclosed in 

Annexure III). 

Table 5.2: Evaluation of Wazirpur CETP Site 

Location of Site: Near Wazirpur CETP 

Village 

Wazirpur 

District 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

NCT - Delhi 

Confirmato 

ry with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

CPCB criteria 

Remarks 









site 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Stagnant pool of 

water lies 750 m 


G.T road and Ring 

road both are more 

than 1 Km away. But 

the site is within 

500m from railway 


5


Page No.130 


Village 

Wazirpur 

District 

NCT - Delhi 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

Confirmato 

ry with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

Remarks 

line 

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 Y 

meter away from site 



Y 

7. No site shall be within critical habitat Y 



Recreational /public 

park is beyond 1 Km 

9. No site shall be within a zone notified 








12. No site in areas of groundwater table 


landfill 


Y # 

Y 

Y 

Y 

No Drinking water 

souce within is 1 Km 

distance from site. 

Municipal water 

supply is provided to 

the residents. 

As per CGWB, 


fluctuates between 13 

and 15 m bgl from 

post to pre-monsoon 

season 




N 

There are more than 

30 historical 

monuments of 




the site. In addition to 

this protected 

/reserved forests also 

fall within this 


5


Page No.131 


Village 

Wazirpur 

District 

NCT - Delhi 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

Confirmato 

ry with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

Remarks 

distance. 











settlement for (atleast a decade) 

N 


Y 

Y 

N 

The Azadpur railway 

line is within 500 m 

distance from the site. 

Present settlement (J. 

J. Cluster) almost 

encroaches the site. 





prone areas 





22. No National Parks, Monuments, 







# As given in the foot note of table 5.1 

Table 5.3: Evaluation of Guman Hera Site 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y # 

Location of Site: Near Gooshalla run by Guru Chaya Maharaj 

Village 

Guman Hera 

Site is encroached by 

J J clusters 

Nearest monument is 

more than 1000 m 

away 

District 

NCT - Delhi 


5


Page No.132 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

CPCB criteria 

Answer 

(Y/N) 

Remarks 

1. Any Lake or pond shall be more than 200 m 

from the site 

2. A navigable river or stream shall be more Y 

than 100 m away from the site 

3. Site shall be outside 100 year flood plain of Y 

major rivers 


Y 

highway shall be 500m away from the site 

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 meter Y 


6. A public park shall be 500 meter away from Y 

site 

7. No site shall within critical habitat area (like Y 

reserved forest) 

8. No site shall within wetlands Y 

Y 

Man-made 

depression having 

stagnant pool of 

water is there within 

the site. 

9. No site shall be within a zone notified by 

aviation authority around airport 

10. Water supply well shall be 500 m away from 

the site 

11. No site shall within coastal regulation zone 

(closer than 500m from high tide line as per 

MOEF guideline) 

12. No site in areas of groundwater table less 

than 2 m below the base of the landfill 

Y # 

Y 

Y 

Y 

No drinking water 

source is located 

within 1000 m radius. 

The groundwater 

which is saline and 

hard is being used 

for irrigation purpose. 

As per CGWB, 

groundwater level is 

4.5 m bgl (April, 

2002). However, 

freshwater is 

available beyond 35 - 

40 m bgl 


13. The site shall be more than 25 Km away 

from ecologically and or other sensitive 

areas 


N 

There are more than 

30 historical 

monuments of 

5


Page No.133 

Location of Site: Near Gooshalla run by Guru Chaya Maharaj 

Village 

Guman Hera 

District 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

NCT - Delhi 

14. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km from 

high tide line 

15. The site shall be 1/2 km away from flood 

plain or modified flood plain affected by dam 

in the upstream or by flood control systems 

16. The site shall be more than 1/2 Km from 

highway and railway 

17. The site shall be 25 km away from the 

projected growth boundary of the settlement 

for (atleast a decade) 

Answer 

(Y/N) 


Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Remarks 

national importance 

in NCT - Delhi which 

will fall within 25 km 

from the site. In 

addition to this 

protected /reserved 

forests also fall 

within this distance. 

The present nearest 

settlement is village 

Guman hera is 1 km 


having a population 

of 5068 as per 2001 

census. 

18. The site shall not be existing or planned 

drinking water protection and catchment 

areas 

19. The site shall not fall under Flood prone 

areas 

20. The site shall not fall within areas with 

unstable ground 

21. The site shall be more than 300 meter away 

from populated areas 

22. No National Parks, Monuments, Forests 

with large no. of flora and fauna, Historical, 

Religious & other important cultural places 

shall exist within the site 

23. The site shall not be close to airport (as 

given in CPCB criteria) 

# As given in the foot note of table 5.1. 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y Closest village is 1 

km away 

Y 

Y # 

Table 5.4: 

EVALUATION OF BAWANA OLD SITE 


5


Page No.134 

Location of Site: Opposite to a CRPF campus, right of Bawana - Narela road 

Village 

Bawana 

District 

NCT - Delhi 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

Conformity 

with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 

CPCB criteria 

Remarks 









site 

5. A notified habitat area shall be 500 

meter away from site 



7. No site shall be within critical habitat 



Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Western Yamuna canal 

flowing adjacent to site 

is more than 100 m 

away from the site. 

Falls under protected 

forest area an Bawana 

forest is 1 km away. 

9. No site shall be within a zone notified 








12. No site in areas of groundwater table 


landfill 


Y # 

Y 

Y 

Y 

The nearest drinking 

water source is in 

village Sanoth which is 

1 km away. 

As per CGWB, 


ranges between 0.7 to 

4.5 m bgl. 




N There are more than 30 

historical monuments of 



5


Page No.135 

Location of Site: Opposite to a CRPF campus, right of Bawana - Narela road 

Village 

District 

Sl. 

No. 

Criteria 

Bawana 

NCT - Delhi 











settlement for (atleast a decade) 

Conformity 

with the 

criteria 

(Y/N) 






prone areas 





22. No National Parks, Monuments, 







# As given in the footnote of table 5.1 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y # 

Remarks 



the site. Inaddition to 

this protected /reserved 

forests also fall within 

this distance. 

The site is at about 

500m distance from 

Narela - Bawana road 

The nearest present 

settlement is Bawana 

village is 1 Km away 

having a population of 

11500. 

Closest village is 1 km 

away 

The site falls under 

protected forest area 

and Bawana Forest is 1 

Km away. 

The above evaluation of sites w.r.t CPCB, MOEF and internationally followed 

locational criteria is summarised in the table 5.5 given below: 


5


Page No.136 

Table 5.5: Summarised evaluation of Sites (Locational Criteria) 

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline International 

Criteria 

Bawana 

relocation 

al 


site 

Conforms to 

all 


Wazirpur 

CETP site 

Old 

Bawana 

site 

Guman 

Hera site 

Conforms 

all 

Conforms 

all 

to 

to 

Conforms to 

all 

Does not conform to - 








• 1/2 km away from railway line 

or highway 









Conforms to all . 


5.3 DETAILED SITE INVESTIGATION 

5.3.1 Site Investigation 

The detailed site investigations were carried out as per requirement of CPCB and 

MOEF with respect to the relevant parameters for all the three sites mentioned 

above. 

Primary Source data 

Preliminary field visits were carried out to assess the suitability of sites for detailed 

investigation. Subsequently detailed investigation of sites were carried out as follows: 

• Landuse Plan: Landuse/Landcover maps within 5-Km radius from the proposed 

sites were prepared using remote sensing method based on satellite data of IRS 

- ID LISS III and confirmed with ground truthing. 

• Geotechnical investigation: At each site, to a depth of 20m below the ground 

surface 100 - 150 mm diameter bore hole was drilled using shell and auger 

method. Undisturbed/disturbed soil samples were collected and analysed for 

following: (i) soil type and stratification; (ii) permeability of each strata, (iii) 

strength and compressibility parameters (optional)-, (iv) ground water level and 

quality and (v) depth to bedrock. 

• Ambient air monitoring/Noise monitoring: Ambient air monitoring (SPM, SOx, 

NOx level) was carried out at the proposed sites during February - March, 2002. 

Noise levels during day and night at the site were also monitored. 


5


Page No.137 

• Groundwater/surface water monitoring: Surface water from different streams, 

canals, major drains falling within 5 km radius from the site were collected and 

analysed in the laboratory for pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Heavy metals, TDS, F - . 

Groundwater samples were collected from dug wells, handpumps, tube wells 

from different locations within 5 km radius from the proposed site. The 

groundwater samples were also analysed for the above mentioned parameters. 

Also results of surface water/ groundwater monitoring done at different locations in 

NCT - Delhi by other agencies like SIMA Laboratory, CPCB/CGWB were compared. 

Secondary Source data: 

These data were collected from various Government departments/agencies: 

• Topography 

• Soils 

• Transportation routes 

• Water use Plan 

• Groundwater 

• Geology 

• Flood plains 

• Wind direction & velocity 

5.3.2 Ranking of Proposed Sites 

Proposed sites were ranked on the basis of the ranking system stipulated by MOEF 

(1991) and given in table 5.6 through 5.9. Similarly, the evaluation of sites as per 

the criteria adapted by NPC followed internationally is given in table 5.10 through 

5.13. 


5


Page No.138 

Table 5.6: Evaluation of Site-I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site 

Attribute 

Attribute 

Measurement 

Sensitivity Weightag 

Index * e 

Attribut 

e Score 

Remark 


meters 


Scarcely 

populated, > 100 

The nearest village (Holambi Kalan) is 

at 1 km distance from the site 

0.25 80 20 


drinking water well Approx 3000 m 0.5 60 30 


The site is at present under the 

residents 

ownership of Commissioner of 

Not used 0 50 0industries. 

Distance to nearest off 

Nearest off site building is Vinod Rice 

site building 1000 m 0.6 40 24Mill 


transportation route Road 0.5 30 15 

Land use/zoning Industrial 0.5 30 15The site falls within DSIDC Udyog Vihar. 

Critical environments Pristine natural 

This is not a critical environment for any 

environment for 

endangered or threatened species. 

birds 0.25 30 7.5 

Subtotal 320 112 


surface water 

Depth to ground water 

Type of contamination 


effectiveness index (PEI) 

** 

Soil permeability 

Bedrock permeability 

Depth to bedrock 

Pathway Related 0 

The nearest surface water body is 

Bawana escape/Ghoga drain which also 

forms the drainage system for the whole 

region lies adjacent to the site. Western 

Yamuna canal is 3 -4 km from the 

< 500 m 1 55 55proposed site. 

As per the CGWB comments on the 

site, the ground water table in and 

around the site varies from 0.75 to 4.5. 

During the geotechnical investigation at 

the site ( Feb, 2002), GW table was 

< 5 m 1 45 45observed at 4.5 m bgl 

No 

No contaminationis observed in 


groundwater/surface water sample/soil 

0 45 0sample. 

Climate of NCT-Delhi is semi arid. PEI 

for semi arid climate is in the range of 

16 to 31. For worst case PEI of 31 is 

31 0.25 25 6.25considered. 

< 15 % clay 0.85 25 

The clay % in first 10 m bgl subsoil 

varies from 0 to 17 and thereafter it 

21.3increases. The max. clay % is 31. 

Quartzite rock is most prevalent bedrock 

0 0 20 0in NCT - Delhi. 

The depth to bedrock at the site is 

> 300 m 0 20 0beyond 300 m bgl. 

Susceptibility to erosion & 

run-off Slight/potential 0.25 15 3.75 


5


Page No.139 



The wind speeds are high in this region 

( 9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and 

No problem 0 15 

mid-monsoon and are associated with 

higher mixing heights thereby providing 

0high dispersion. 

Susceptibility to seismic Moderately high 

Zone IV having seismic Intensity in the 

activity 

0.75 15 11.3order of VIII. 


Waste Characteristics Related 0 

Toxicity 

Mostly ETP sludge generated from 

Sax level 1 0.25 50 12.5metal finishing industries. 

Radioactivity Not radioactive 0 30 0 

Persistence Metals 1 30 30 

Ignitability No ignitable 0 20 0 

Reactivity 

Stable and 

reacts very 

slowly 0.25 20 5 

Corrosivity pH of 6 - 8 0.25 20 5 

Solubility Slightly soluble 0.5 20 10 

Volatility Least volatile 0.25 15 3.75 

Physical state Solid/sludge 0.25 15 3.75 



Hazardous waste 

quantity/ annum 

Waste Incompatibility 

> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45 

50 MT per annum. 

Hazardous 

waste 0.25 30 7.5 

Co-disposal with 

Municipal wastes Non degradable 1 25 25 

Use of liners Composite liner 0.25 20 5 

Incineration with off-gas 


Leachate Treatment 

Site Security 

No incineration 

of waste 0 20 0 

Complete 

collection & 

treatment 0.25 20 5 

Secure fence 

with lock 0.25 10 2.5 

0 

The total quantity of hazardous waste 

generated from approved industrial 

estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx. 

Safety measures Adequate 0.25 10 2.5 

Subtotal 180 92.5 

Total 1000 417 

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 (in a segment of 0.0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75 & 0.75 - 1.0) for each 

parameter as given in MOEF guideline (Refer table 3.1). Higher value of SI indicates higher potential hazard. 


5


Page No.140 

Table 5.7: Evaluation of Site-II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Attribute 

Attribute 

Measurement 

Sensitivity Weightag 

Index * e 

Attribute Remark 

Score 



meters 




residents 

Distance to nearest off 

site building 



> 1000 0.75 80 60 J. J. cluster is almosted encroaching the 

site 

beyond 1 km 0.5 60 30 There is no drinking water well within 1 

km radius. Drinking water is supplied to 

the residents by the municipality 

Not used 0 50 0 The site is under the ownership of 

Commisioner of Industries. 

300m 0 20 0 The depth to bedrock at the site is beyond 

200 m bgl. 

Susceptibility to 

erosion & run-off 

No erosion 0 15 0 


5


Page No.141 





No problem 0 15 0 The wind speeds are high in this region ( 

9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and midmonsoon 

and are associated with higher 

mixing heights thereby providing high 

dispersion. 

Moderately high 0.75 15 11.25 


Waste Characteristics Related 0 

Toxicity Sax level 1 0.25 50 12.5 Mostly ETP sludge generated from metal 

finishing industries. 




Reactivity 

Stable and 

reacts very 

slowly 

0.25 20 5 






Waste Management Practice Related 0 



> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45 The total quantity of hazardous waste 


estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx. 50 

MT per annum. 

Waste Incompatibility Hazardous 0.25 30 7.5 


Municipal wastes 

waste 

Non degradable 1 25 25 




Leachate Treatment 

Site Security 

No incineration 

of waste 

Complete 

collection & 

treatment 

Secured fence 

with lock 

0 20 0 

0.25 20 5 

0.25 10 2.5 



Total 1000 405.5 




5


Page No.142 

Table 5.8: Evaluation of Site III near village Guman Hera 

Attribute 

Attribute Sensitivity 

Measurement Index * 

Weightag 

e 

Attribute Remark 

Score 

Population within 

500 meters 




Nearest village GumanHera is 1 Km 

away. However, a "Gooshalla" (Cow 

shelter) is located adjacent to the site 

but does not have permanent 

0 0 80 0inhabitants. 

1 Km 0.6 60 

The nearest drinking water well is 

located in village Guman Hera which is 

361 km away. 

The site is under the ownership of MCD. 

Use of site by 

nearby residents No use 0 50 0 


off site building 

approx. 

The nearest building is that of a scholl 

1000m 0.6 40 24located at 1 km from the site. 



Land use/zoning Agriculture 0.25 30 7.5 

Critical 

environments 

Not a critical 

environment 0 30 

The site is not a critical environemnt for 

0endangered species. 




surface water 

Nearest surface water body is Najafgarh 

drain which is within 500m from the 

Depth to ground 

water 

Type of 


> 500m 0.75 55 41.25boundary of the site. 

4.5 m 0.75 45 

6.5 m bgl. 

33.75 

No 

contamination 0 45 0 

As per the CGWB comments on the site, 

the ground water table in and around the 

site is 4.5 m bgl. However, during the 

geotechnical investigation at the site ( 

Feb, 2002), GW table was observed at 



Climate of NCT-Delhi is semi arid. PEI 

for semi arid climate is in the range of 16 

31 0.25 25 6.25to 31. 


The clay% varies from 0 to 13 in the 

0 - 15% 0.9 25 22.5subsoil upto a depth of 20 m bgl. 

Bedrock 

permeability 0 0 20 

Quartzite rock is most prevalent bedrock 

0in NCT - Delhi. 


The depth to bedrock at the site is 

> 300m 0 20 0beyond 300 m bgl. 


erosion & run-off No erosion 0 15 0 

Climatic features 

with respect to Air 

pollution 



No problem 0 15 

high dispersion. 

0 

Moderately 

high 0.75 15 11.25 

The wind speeds are high in this region 

( 9.9 - 13.7 kmph) during summer and 

mid-monsoon and are associated with 

higher mixing heights thereby providing 


5


Page No.143 



Toxicity 

Mostly ETP sludge generated from 

0.25 50 12.5metal finishing industries. 

Radioactivity Not 

radioactive 0 30 0 



Reactivity 

Stable and 

reacts very 

slowly 0.25 20 5 


Solubility 

Slightly soluble 

0.5 20 10 







The total quantity of hazardous waste 


estates/areas in NCT - Delhi is approx. 

50 MT per annum. 

Waste 

Incompatibility 



Use of liners 



> 2000 tonnes 1 45 45 

Hazardous 

waste 0.25 30 7.5 

Non 

degradable 1 25 25 

Composite 

liner 0.25 20 5 

No 

incineration of 

waste 0 20 0 

Leachate Treatment Complete 

collection & 


Site Security 

Secure fence 

with lock 0.25 10 2.5 



Total 1000 360 




5


Page No.144 

Attribute 


meters 




residents 


off site building 

Attribute 

Measurement 

Table 5.9: Evaluation of Site-IV: Old Bawana Site 

Sensitivity 

Index * 

Weightage 

Attribute 

Score 

Remark 


There is a CRPF 

campus within 500 m 

from the site whose 

population has been 

estimated to be around 

100. The nearest 

village Bawana, Sanoth 

are more than 1 Km 

100 0.25 80 20away. 

The nearest drinking 

water well is located 

within the CRPF 

< 1000m 0.875 60 52.5campus. 

occasional 0.25 50 

Site is used for grazing 

of animals and part of it 

used by villagers for 

12.5farming 

The nearrest of site 

building is that of a 

within 1000m 0.75 40 30CRPF campus. 



Land use/zoning Protected Forest 

0.75 30 

As per Conservator of 

Forest, West Division, 

the site is under 

protected Forest area 

though there have 

been successful 

plantations by the 

forest officials in that 

area. Also part of the 

22.5area is salt effected. 

Critical environments Preserved area 

A herd of small deer 

0.75 30 

like animals called 

Rodh and neelghai 

were observed by local 

22.5inhabitants in the site 




surface water 

Western Yamuna canal 

approx. 500 m from the 

< 500m 0.75 55 41.25proposed site. 

Depth to ground 

water 

< 5 m 1 45 

There is availability of 

fresh water in this zone 

due to groundwater 

recharge by western 

Yamuna canal. The 

groundwater ia 

available at a depth 

45between 0 to 4.5 m bgl. 


5


Page No.145 

Type of 

Soil contamination 

There is deposition of 


salt on one half of the 

0.25 45 11.25site. 



Climate of NCT-Delhi is 

semi arid. PEI for semi 

31 0.25 25 

arid climate is in the 

6.25range of 16 to 31. 


The clay% in the 

0 - 15% clay 0.85 25 

subsoil in the site 

21.25varies from 2 - 7. 

Bedrock permeability 

Quartzite rock is most 

0 0 20 

prevalent bedrock in 

0NCT - Delhi. 


The depth to bedrock 

0 0 20 

at the site is beyond 

0300 m bgl. 


erosion & run-off No erosion 0 15 0 


respect to Air 

pollution 



The wind speeds are 

high in this region ( 9.9 

- 13.7 kmph) during 

summer and midmonsoon 

and are 

associated with higher 

mixing heights thereby 

providing high 

No problem 0 15 0dispersion. 

Moderately high 

0.75 15 11.25 



Toxicity 

Mostly ETP sludge 

0.25 50 

generated from metal 

12.5finishing industries. 




Reactivity 

Stable and reacts 

very slowly 

0.25 20 5 









The total quantity of 

hazardous waste 

> 2000 tonnes 1 45 

generated from 

approved industrial 

estates/areas in NCT - 

Delhi is approx. 50 MT 

45per annum. 

Waste Incompatibility Hazardous waste 

0.25 30 7.5 


5


Page No.146 

Co-disposal with Non degradable 


1 25 25 




No incineration of 

waste 

0 20 0 

Leachate Treatment Complete collection & 


Site Security Secure fence with 

lock 0.25 10 2.5 



Total 1000 473.75 

* Sensitivity Index (SI) varies from 0 to 1 for each parameter as given in MOEF guideline. Higher value of SI 

indicates higher potential hazard. 


5


Page No.127 

Table 5.10: Evaluation of Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Site 

Sl. No. Criteria 


Weightag 

e (C) 

Evaluation 

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C) 


1 General Information 25 

Remarks 

1.1 Transportation 

economy 

High Low 7 4 28 The site is within proposed relocation industrial 

site. Few industrial areas are within 15 Km 

distance, others like Okhla Industrial area, etc 

are around 25 - 30 Km away. 


1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15 

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 2 6 The site has a lower elevation compared to its 

surrounding due to constructional activities 

ongoing around the site 

1.5 Optimum wind 

direction (down 

stream village in 

Km) 

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1


Page No.128 

2.1.1 Distance from 

surface water body 

(m) 

2.1.2 Annual Rainfall 

(cm/yr) 

2.2 Hydro-geological 

features: 

2.2.1 Groundwater depth 

(m) 

2.2.2 Groundwater flow 

direction (distance 

to D/S Village) 

2.2.3 Groundwater quality 

2.2.4 Groundwater 

gradient (m/km) 

2.3 Geological features: 

2.3.2 Depth to bed rock 

(m) 

2.3.3 Seismic conditions 

(Intensity) 

2.4 Geo-technical 

features: 

2.4.1 Permeability (1 x 10-1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1 100 8 3 24 The permeability of top 4m subsoil ranges from 

4.4 x 10-6 to 6.7 x 10-7 cm/sec. 

0 


5


Page No.129 

3 Socio- 

Economic/Ecologica 

l 

3.1 Demography Low High 7 4 28 The nearest village Holambi Kalan is 1 Km away 

having a population 6312 as per 2001 census. 

Other settlements are far away located. 

3.2 Land use pattern 

3.2.1 Existing Waste Land Grazing/Fallo 

w 

3.2.2 Future No Plan for 

developmen 

t 


impact 

3.4 Special ecological 

features within 

300m 

Single 

crop 

Double 

crop 

25 

Plantation 4 4 16 The site is at present a wasteland. 

Within 

developmen 

t plan 

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for the 

site by DSIDC. 

Low High 5 3 15 The waste from different Industrial Estates will 

be transported via major state and national 

highways viz NH-1, 2, Bawana - Delhi road and 

Bawana -Narela road, etc will pass through 

several residential colonies in urban as well as 

rural area of NCT - Delhi. 

No Yes 5 4 20 There is no special ecological features like 

monuments of national importance or 

recreational parks within 5 Km radius from the 

site 

Total 100 322 


5


Page No.130 

Table 5.11: Evaluation of Site I: Wazirpur CETP Site 



Weightag 

e (C) 

Evaluation 

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C) 




economy 

Remarks 

High Low 7 5 35 The site is nearest to the major hazardous 

waste generating industrial estate (IE) viz, 

Wazirpur industrial estate. Most of the 

other IEs are within 10 -15 Km distance. 


1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15 

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 4 12 The site is mostly flat land. 

1.5 Optimum wind 

direction (down 

stream village in Km) 

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50


Page No.131 

2.2 Hydro-geological 

features: 

2.2.1 Groundwater depth 

(m) 

2.2.2 Groundwater flow 

direction (distance to 

D/S Village) 

2.2.3 Groundwater quality 

2.2.4 Groundwater 

gradient (m/km) 

2.3 Geological features: 

2.3.2 Depth to bed rock 

(m) 

2.3.3 Seismic conditions 

(Intensity) 

2.4 Geo-technical 

features: 

2.4.1 Permeability (1 x 10- 

6 cm/s) 

>15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1


Page No.132 

3.2.1 Existing Waste Land Grazing/Fallo 

w 


developmen 

t 

Single 

crop 

Double 

crop 

Plantation 4 4 16 The site is at present a wasteland. 


developmen 

t plan 

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for 

the site by DSIDC. 


impact 


features within 300m 

Low High 5 1 5 The waste from different Industrial Estates 

will be transported via highly populated 

settlement areas as the site falls within the 

urban block. 

No Yes 5 3 15 There are monuments of national 

importance, recreational parks beyond 1 

km but within 5 km radius. 

Total 100 332 


5


Page No.133 

Table 5.12: Evaluation of Site I: Guman Hera Site 



Weightag Evaluation Remarks 

e (C) 

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C) 



1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7 2 14 The site is around 30 - 40 km from major 

industrial estates 


1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15 

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 4 12 The site is mostly flat land. 

1.5 Optimum wind direction 

(down stream village in 

Km) 

>1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50


Page No.134 

2.2.1 Groundwater depth (m) >15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1


Page No.135 


developmen 

t 


developmen 

t plan 

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for the 

site by DSIDC. 

3.3 Transportation impact Low High 5 2 10 The waste from different Industrial Estates will 

be transported via highly populated 

settlement areas as the site falls within the 

urban block. 



No Yes 5 5 25 Palam Mosque is the only monument of 

national importance which is beyond 5 km 

radius 

Total 100 347 


5


Page No.136 

Table 5.13: Evaluation of Site I: Old Bawana Site 



Weightage Evaluation Remarks 

(C) 

5 4 3 2 1 A (A x C) 



1.1 Transportation economy High Low 7 4 28 Only few industrial areas are within 15 Km 

distance, most of the Industrial area are 

around 25 - 30 Km away. 


1.51.5-1.2 1.2-0.75 0.75-0.5 15 

The site is flat terrain having a slope 

between 3 - 5%. 

1.3 Topography Convex Concave 3 5 15 The site has a convex topography. 

1.5 Optimum wind direction >1 1.0-0.5 0.5-0.2 0.2-0.1 1000 1000-500 500-200 200-50


Page No.137 

2.2.1 Groundwater depth (m) >15 15-10 10-5 5-1 5 5.0-3.0 1.0-0.5 15 15-10 10-5 5-1


Page No.138 


developmen 

t 


development 

plan 

4 4 16 There is no developmental plan made for 

the site by DSIDC. 

3.3 Transportation impact Low High 5 3 15 The waste from different Industrial Estates 

will be transported via major state and 

national highways viz NH-1, 2, Bawana - 

Delhi road and Bawana -Narela road, etc 

will pass through several residential 

colonies in urban as well as rural area of 

NCT - Delhi. 



No Yes 5 2 10 The site is a protected forest. Some 

endangerd species like Rodh (small deer 

like animals), Neelghai have been 

observed. 

Total 100 320 


5


Page No.165 

The scores obtained by all the proposed sites as per the evaluation criteria 

mentioned above are as given below: 

As per MOEF Ranking system As per the criteria 


Sensitivity Rank Score Rank 

Index 

Site I 417 III 322 III 

Site II 406 II 339 II 

Site III 360 I 347 I 

Site IV 474 IV 320 IV 

As per MOEF criteria, the site with more score poses more risks to human health 

and environment. The hazard potential of the site is as follows depending upon the 

score: 

Overall Score 

Generalised level of Potential Hazard 

750 - 1000 Very High 

600 - 750 High 

450 - 600 Moderate 

300 - 450 Low 

Less than 300 

Very low 

Development of SLF at Site I, II & III exhibit low potential hazard where as at Site IV, 

it is moderate hazard. Site III has minimum sensitivity index, therefore is the most 

suitable site. 

For a site to be selected (under the criteria adapted by NPC followed 

internationally), it should have a minimum score of 300. A site with a score of 400 is 

ideal. All the sites have scored more than 300. But Site III has the highest score, is 

therefore the most suitable site. 

The ranking order of the four sites as per MOEF criteria and criteria adapted by NPC 

and used internationally is similar. Site III has been ranked 1 as per MOEF criteria as 

well as criteria adapted by NPC. Therefore Site III is recommended for 

development of SLF for disposal of hazardous waste. 

5.3.4 Conclusions & Recommendation 

All the four sites were evaluated as per CPCB, MOEF ranking system and 

International criteria. Some of the positive and negative attributes for each site are as 

given below: 


7


Page No.166 

Site I: Bawana Relocation Industrial Area 

Area available: 6 hectares 

Major Negative attributes 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

(vi) 

This site falls within the groundwater recharge zone of western Yamuna canal. 

The groundwater water table varies from 0.75 to 4.5 m bgl. There is fresh 

water aquifer available at 30 - 40 m bgl This poses the risk of potential 

groundwater contamination. 

It is located 15 - 25 Km away from the major waste generating industrial 

estates. Therefore cost of transportation of waste would be high. 

Permeability of sub soil ( upto 4 m) ranges from 4.1 x 10 -6 to 6.7 x 10 -7 cm/sec 

which is comparatively high. 

A High power tension line passes over the site. This limits the height of the 

landfill and thereby reduces the life of the landfill facility. Also required 

permission have to be obtained from DVB/Power grid Corpn. for development 

of the landfill facility. 

The area available is sufficient for development of landfill facility for 3 years. 

The site is adjacent to 60m wide highway (under construction). 

Major positive attributes 

(i) The site is located in the proposed Bawana relocational industrial complex. It 

is located away from the major settlements in the region. Thus posing low impact on 

human beings. 

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

Area available: 1.3 Hectares 


(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

The site is located within a very thickly populated area. 

The total area of the site is too small. It is sufficient for developing a landfill 

facility of 1 year life. 

The site is within 500 m from railway line. 

Permeability of soil is comparatively high (1.8 x 10 -4 to 8.3 x 10 -7 cm/sec). 

Major Positive attributes 

(v) 

The groundwater is available below 13.5 m bgl. The groundwater quality is 

saline and has hardness exceeding the drinking water standards. 


7


Page No.167 


Area available: 56 Hectares 


(i) 

(ii) 

The site is located at 30 -40 Km away from major industrial estates which will 

increase transportation cost. 

Permeability of sub soil is high (4.5 x 10- 4 to 6.3 x 10- 6 cm/sec) 

Major Positive attributes 

(i) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

Area available is large enough for developing a facility for more than 20 years 

The site is far away located from major settlements in the region. 

The fresh water is available below 30 - 40 m bgl. 

Site IV: Old Bawana Site 

Area available: 60 Hectares 


(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

The site is under protected Forest land. Hence, cannot be considered. 

The site is in groundwater recharge zone by western Yamuna canal. Also it 

has shallow groundwater table. 

The site is within 500m from Bawana - Narela road. 

Permeability of the soil is comparatively high ( 5.1 to 32.4 x 10 -7 cm/sec). 

Major positive attribute 

(i) The site has sufficient land area for developing a landfill facility for more than 

20 years (stockpile design has to be adopted because of shallow groundwater table) 

Based on the MOEF ranking system and International evaluation criteria, Site III i.e 

Guman hera site has been found most suitable and is therefore recommended 

for development of landfill facility. The second best site is site II that can be 

developed for only 1 year. 

However, due to non-consideration of the environmental impacts in the planning 

aspects of the sites there may be some existing environmental impacts due to the 

process. These environmental impacts will be mitigated through implementation of 

proposed Environmental Management Plan and mitigation measures. 


7


Page No.168 

Chapter-6 

CONCEPTUALISED PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE 

DISPOSAL FACILITY 

6.1 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF SECURED LANDFILL FACILITY 

(SLF) 

Based on the findings of the EIA studies, the site near village Guman Hera has been 

recommended for developing it as SLF for disposal of hazardous waste. The 

conceptual design of SLF is proposed based on the inventorisation of hazardous 

wastes generated from the industrial units located in 28 approved industrial estates/ 

areas of Delhi carried out by NPC in the year 2001 as per the Hazardous Waste 

(Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000. A schematic layout of the 

proposed facility is given in figure 6.1. 

6.1.1 Design Basis for SLF 

Total quantity of landfill disposable HW 

= 87,000 m 3 /annum 

=.96,250 tons/annum 

The following basis has been considered for the design of the secured landfill 

facility: 

1. Quantity of HW expected after 20 years = 23,25,258 tons 

(At the annual growth rate of 2 %) 

2. Bulk density of the solid waste = 1.1 T/ m 3 (Compacted) 

3. Volume of waste = 21,13,871 m 3 

4. Tentative Bottom Slope (Traverse) = 3 % 

5. Bottom Slope (Longitudinal) = 1.5 % 

6. Side slope (inner) = 1:2 (V:H) 

7. Side slope (outer) = 1:3 (V:H) 

8. Landfill area (10 % excess for Buffer Zone) = 2,63,505 m 2 (26.35 ha) 


7


Page No.169 

9. Landfill height = 10 m (8m 

above GL & 2m below GL) 


7


Page No.170 


7


Page No.171 

6.1.2 Landfill Liner System and Specifications 

As the site falls in the region where subsoil is permeable and water table is 2.5 

m beneath the base of the landfill ( 2 m of excavation bgl and groundwater 

table is available at 4.5 m bgl), the liner system suggested is double composite 

liner as per the minimum technical requirements as specified in "Criteria for 

Hazardous Waste Landfills" published by Central Pollution Control Board 

(Hazardous Waste Management, Series: HAZWAMS/17/2000-01). 

Bottom liner system 

The double composite liner (Refer Figure 6.2) includes the following 

components: 

(b) 

(i) 

(ii) 

(d) 

(i) 

(ii) 

(a) Primary leachate collection layer: 

Thickness = 30 - 45 cm of gravel layer 

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -2 cm/sec (minimum). 

Primary composite liner: 

HDPE Geomembrane: 

Thickness = 1.5 mm 

Tensile Strength at yield: > 18 KN/m. 

Tensile Strength at Break: > 30 KN/m. 

Tear Resistance: > 150 N and 

Puncture Resistance: > 250 N. 

Compacted clay layer: 

Thickness = 45 cm -60 cm 

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum) 

(c) Secondary leachate collection layer (leak detection layer) : 

Thickness = 30 cm - 45 cm of gravel layer 

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -3 cm/sec (minimum) 

Secondary composite liner: 

HDPE Geomembrane: 

Thickness = 1.5 mm 

Tensile Strength at yield: > 18 KN/m. 

Tensile Strength at Break: > 30 KN/m. 

Tear Resistance: > 150 N and 

Puncture Resistance: > 250 N. 

Compacted clay layer 

Thickness = 45 cm - 60 cm 

Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum). 


7


Page No.172 


7


Page No.173 

Figure 6.2: Double Composite Liner System. 

Waste Body 

Primary leachate collection 

Compacted clay 

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k > 10 -2 cm/s 

HDPE Geo-membrane, 

thickness = 1.5 mm. 

Thickness = 45-60 cm., k < 10 -7 cm/s 

Secondary leachate collection 

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k > 10 -3 cm/s 


thickness = 1.5 mm. 


Sub soil 

Source: "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series: 

HAZWANS/17/2000-01. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & 

Forests. 

Final Cover System at the top of the Landfill 

As per the minimum technical requirements as specified in "Criteria for Hazardous 

Waste Landfills" published by Central Pollution Control Board (Hazardous Waste 

Management, Series: HAZWAMS/17/2000-01), the final cover system (Refer Figure 

6.3) consists of following components: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Surface soil layer: 

Thickness = 60 cm (minimum) 

Drainage layer of having a 


Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -2 cm/sec (minimum). 

A single composite barrier comprising of: 

(i) HDPE geomembrane of 

Thickness = 1.5 mm (minimum) 

(ii) Compacted clay layer: 


7


Page No.174 


Co-efficient of permeability = 10 -7 cm/sec (maximum) 

6.1.3 Essential Facilities to be developed for Secured Landfill 

Leachate Treatment System 

The following two alternatives are considered for leachate treatment: 

Off-site treatment of leachate: This involves storage, pre-treatment and 

transportation of leachate to off-site treatment facilities e.g. common effluent 

treatment plant, municipal sewage treatment plant. 

Onsite Treatment of Leachate: This involves complete treatment of leachate at the 

landfill site to meet the general standards for disposal of wastewater into inland 

surface water body. 

As the site is 30 - 40 km away from approved industrial estates/areas and no 

municipal sewerage system exists in neighbourhood of the site, the option of treating 

the leachate in a off site plant is not feasible. Therefore, complete leachate treatment 

plant has to be designed within the facility for treating the leachate before 

discharging to Najafgarh drain. 

Surface Water Drainage System 

In order to divert the storm water from entering into the facility, therby minimising the 

quantity of leachate generation, surface water drainage system is essential. The 

surface water drainage system comprises of the following components: 

• Storm water drains and diversion channel 

• Storm water basin 

• Culverts 

The storm water basin is designed based on the precipitation value. 


7


Page No.175 

Figure 6.3: Final Cover System. 

Top soil 

Thickness = 60 cm. 

Drainage layer 

Thickness = 30-45 cm., k >10 -2 cm/s 


thickness> = 1.5 mm. 


Thickness = 60 cm., k< 10 -7 cm/s 

Waste Body 

Source: "Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills", Hazardous Waste Management Series: 

HAZWANS/17/2000-01. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & 

Forests. 

6.2 LANDFILL SITE INFRASTRUCTURE 

The following infrastructure facilities are recommended at the landfill site: 

• Site entrance and fencing 

• Administrative and site control offices 

• Access roads 

• Waste inspection and sampling facility 

• Equipment workshops and garages 

• Signs and directions 

• Water supply 

• Vehicle cleaning facility 

• Fire fighting equipment 

6.3 POST CLOSURE PLANS 

At the end of the useful life of the landfill, it should be closed & associated treatment 

& storage facilities are to be decontaminated in a safe & environmentally acceptable 

manner. The post closure plan should provide care for an extended period of time 

after closure such as for at least 30 years. This is an arbitrary time period, which can 

be lengthened (or) reduced depending on the technical information related to post 

closure pollutant migration. The following aspects shall be taken into consideration 

for the closure of the facilities: - 


7


Page No.176 

Decontaminate & decommission any hazardous waste treatment & 

storage facility. 

Provide a final cover for the landfill. 

Control pollutant migration from the landfill via surface water, ground 

water & air. 

Maintain the existing groundwater monitoring network for a period of 30 

years of post-closure maintenance. 

Continue to divert run-on from the landfill. 

Prevent soil & wind erosion by a vegetative cover. 

Control surface water infiltration & ponding at the closed site. 

Maintain leachate collection, removal & treatment system. 

Maintain the integrity of the final cover and any liners. 

Restrict access to the landfill as appropriate for the post-closure area. 


7


Page No.177 

Chapter-7 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SECURED 

LANDFILL FACILITY 


Prediction is an objective process of describing the magnitude of a possible impact 

relative to the status quo. Prediction and evaluation of impact forms the essential 

component during Environmental Impact Assessment process. Environmental 

Impact Assessment study is based on the activities to be carried out for developing 

and operating the landfill facility. The impact assessment has been divided into two 

phases, namely, construction and operation of the facility. Each phase has been 

divided into major activities having direct and/ or indirect, positive and/ or negative 

and short and/ or long-term impacts on the surrounding environment. 

The possible impacts have been predicted based on the nature and magnitude of 

each activity and based on the existing environmental settings of the area. 

7.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING SECURED 

LANDFILL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 

HAVING IMPACT ON DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF 

ENVIRONMENT 

The major activities having impacts on various components of environment are as following: 

Excavation/soil filling, embankment and road construction 

Development of green belt 

Construction of storage, treatment and disposal facilities 

Construction of buildings for personnel facilities, maintenance shop, laboratory 

facilities and vehicle washing. 

Installation of liner system at the disposal facility 

Installation of leachate drainage system 

Transportation & loading/unloading of waste 

Collection and storage of wastes 

Spreading, compaction & consolidation of the waste 

Installation of intermediate/temporary liners during monsoon period 

Collection & treatment of leachate, wastewater/sludge 


7


Page No.178 

Monitoring of landfill facility 

Closure of disposal facility 

Decommissioning of the disposal facility 

These are the sources that are related to the construction, operation and restoration and completion 

phases. The construction phase has the potential to have the most direct impact in terms of physical 

loss and disturbance, while operational and restoration phases have the potential to have the primary 

impact in terms of exposure to contaminants. 

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DEVELOPING 

Developing and operating a hazardous waste SLF at recommended site near village 

Guman Hera will have impact of varying intensity/magnitude on different components 

of environment such as Air, Water, Land, Ecology, Environmental health, Noise 

environment, etc. 

The potential impacts on the different components of environment due to 

development and operation of SLF at the recommended site are discussed briefly 

below: 

Impact on Air Environment 

During the construction phase, soil is excavated, earth bunds are constructed, liner 

and drainage layer is laid, leachate collection and treatment system are installed, 

administrative & laboratory buildings are constructed. During all these activities, 

there are movement of heavy vehicles, removal of soil, handling and movement of 

construction materials, etc. As a result the dust is expected to be generated. The 

dust generation will increase the concentration of suspended particulates in the 

ambient air. These are short - term impacts. To mitigate these impacts, periodic 

spray of water is proposed which will reduce the impact on ambient air quality. 

During the operation phase, handling of waste, transportation, storage and disposal 

will results in dust generation. The dust generation in operation phase will have longterm 

impact. However, handling of waste in wet condition or in closed bags reduces 

the impact. 

During the closure /post -closure phase, there will be short term impact on the air 

environment due to dust generation from laying of cover liner, soil compaction, etc. 

Around recommended site near village Guman Hera, there is no thick green belt to 

absorb the dust except some wild bushes grown along the Najafgarh drain (south - 

east of the site). However, the site is 1 Km away from nearest settlement towards the 

most dominant wind direction. The SPM level in the ambient air will therefore, get 

diluted to some extent as it reaches the nearest settlement. In order to minimise this 

impact, development of a green belt around the facility is proposed. 

Impact on Water Environment 


7


Page No.179 

During the construction phase, major source of waste water is sewage generation 

from the labour sheds, temporary housing from construction personnel etc. 

During the operation phase, apart from the sewage generation, other sources of 

waste water are leachate from waste storage area, pre-treatment process and the 

landfill facility. The leachate generated is proposed to be treated in the leachate 

treatment plant before disposal into any surface water body. Moreover, the liner 

system meeting the technical requirements of CPCB at the bottom, side and top is 

proposed which will act as a barrier and prevent the contamination of soil beneath 

the facility and groundwater. 

Therefore, the leachate generated from the facility shall not have adverse impact on 

the surface water body or on groundwater source as long as liner system is intact in 

SLF. 

The nearest drain from the proposed site is Najafgarh drain which is at about 500 m 

distance from the site. The drain water quality indicates the presence of inorganic as 

well as organic pollution. Therefore, the impact of leachate disposal into the drain 

shall not add any pollution load to the drain. 

The subsoil permeability is in the range of 4.5 x 10 -4 to 6.3 x 10 -6 cm/sec which is 

quite high and the groundwater is available at a depth of 4.5 m bgl. Therefore, risk of 

groundwater contamination due to leachate percolation is high although groundwater 

quality available is very hard and saline. In order to protect the groundwater 

resources, an impermeable double composite liner complying with the standards 

suggested by CPCB is recommended to be laid at the base and side of the facility. 

Further, leachate collection and treatment system will be installed to collect and treat 

the leachate generated at the base of the waste body. The storm water will be 

diverted from entering into the waste body by appropriate earth bunds. 

During closure/post-closure phase, leachate generation will be minimal and it will not 

pose any threat to the water environment. The cover liner, leachate management 

system and green belt development at the periphery of the site is proposed to 

mitigate these impacts. However, groundwater monitoring will continue even after 

the closure of the facility for a period of about 30 years. 

Impact on Noise Environment 

During the construction phase, construction equipment including dozers, scrapers, 

generators, concrete mixers and vehicles will be the major noise sources. However, 

the noise generated from the various sources will be intermittent and is expected to 

be of short duration. 

During the operation phase, movement of vehicles, dozers, generators etc. are 

expected to increase the noise levels of the area. However, the proposed greenbelt 

will absorb the noise level upto greater extent since the nearest settlement is 1 Km 

away, the impact of increased noise level will be minimum. 

Not much of impact on noise environment is expected during the closure/post 

closure phase. 


7


Page No.180 

Impact on soil / land Environment 

Construction phase includes activities like excavation, roads & building (office, 

laboratories) construction, electrification etc. These activities will effect the quality of 

topsoil. However, development of green belt will improve the quality of topsoil. As the 

site recommended is a barren land not suitable for agriculture, there is no adverse 

impact on the landuse of the site. 

During the operation phase leachate is generated which is proposed to be treated in 

leachate treatment plant before discharging either into the land or surface water 

body. Also an impermeable liner system at the base of the facility will prevent 

percolation of leachate into the soil. The risk of contamination of the soil by the 

leachate is therefore reduced. 

After the closure of the site, there will no surface run off, therefore there will be no 

impact on soil/land. Further, a vegetation cover is recommended at the top of the 

cover liner . This will improve the quality of topsoil in the area. The vegetation cover 

will also prevent the soil erosion and will improve the landscape. 

Impact on Environmental Health 

During the construction phase, the generation of dust may have impact on the health 

of the workers. However, periodic spray of water is proposed to minimise the dust 

generation. Although the site is 1 Km away from the nearest settlement, a green belt 

around the facility is proposed to reduce the impact on health. 

During, operation phase, transportation of waste through the populated residential 

areas may pose risk of exposing the pollutants to the public. The site is around 30 - 

40 km away from the industrial estates/areas. Therefore, the transportation of 

hazardous wastes is proposed in closed/covered vehicle. Further, following 

measures are proposed: 

Select a transportation route passing through minimum residential areas 

Proper maintenance and regular washing of the vehicles transporting the waste. 

Use of protective gears while working in the facility 

During closure/postclosure phase, there will be very less dust generation. Therefore, 

the impact is minimum. However, it is proposed to use protective gears while 

working at the site. This is a short term impact. 

Impact on Socio-economics 

Development & operation of facility will increase the job opportunities and will results 

in improvement of infrastructural facilities in the area. This is a positive long -term 

impact. 

7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS 


7


Page No.181 

7.4.1 Methodology 

In order to carry out analysis of environmental impacts, Checklist Method has been 

adopted. The impact analysis has been carried out for two alternatives: 

(1) Weighted Environmental Impacts without considering any mitigation measures 

(2) Weighted Environmental Impacts considering mitigation measures 

The impact checklist has been prepared based on the activities and impacts 

mentioned under "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED 

SECURED LANDFILL FACILITY AT SELECTED SITE" and given below. 

Table 7.1 Impacts Checklist 

Potential Impact 

Area 

Construction Phase Operation Phase Post Closure 

Phase 

Adve 

rse 

No Benefi 

cial 

Adv 

erse 

No Bene 

ficial 

Adv 

erse 

No 

A. LAND 

TRANSFORMATION 

Soil Erosion 3(S) 3 3 

Ben 

efici 

al 

Group Cover 3(L) 3 3(L) 

Deposition 3(S) 3(L) 3 

B. AIR 

Suspended 

3(S) 3(L) 3 

Particulate Matter 

Gaseous Pollution 3(S) 3(L) 3 

Odour 3 3(L) 3 

C. WATER 

Ground Water 

3 3(L) 3(L) 


Surface Water 3 3(L) 3 

D. SOIL 

By Construction 3(S) 3 3 


By Spillage of Solid 

3 3(L) 3 


E. NOISE 

3(S) 3(L) 3 

POLLUTION 

F. VEGETATION 3(S) 3 3(L) 

G. WILD LIFE 3 3 3 

H. LAND USE 3 3 3(L) 

I. SOCIO- 

ECONOMIC 

3(S) 3(L) 3 


7


Page No.182 

Potential Impact 

Area 

Construction Phase Operation Phase Post Closure 

Phase 

Adve No Benefi Adv No Bene Adv No Ben 

rse 

cial erse ficial erse efici 

al 

J. AESHETIC 3 3(L) 3(L) 

Legend : S = Short term, L = Long term. 

Each impact is classified as either short-term or long-term impact in the table-7.1 

above. 

7.4.2 Criteria for Rating the Impacts 

Impact Rating Criteria 

Following criteria has been considered for rating of the impacts. 

For each impact area, the magnitude and importance of impact has been rated on 

the scale of 1 to 3 

Magnitude 

• High Impact = 3 

• Moderate Impact = 2 

• Less Impact = 1 

Importance 

• Very Important = 3 

• Moderately Important = 2 

• Less important = 1 

Ranking Criteria 

Keeping in view, seven major activities having an impact on the environment and 

considering nine major impact areas (as shown in Tables 7.2 & 7.3) the criteria for 

overall ranking of the secured landfill facility is developed as follows:- 

Total Score, if 

Above 500 

The WMF is having very high adverse Impact 

500 - 100 The WMF is having Moderate Adverse Impact 

Below 100 

The WMF is having Less Adverse Impact 

WMF: Waste management facility 

7.4.3 Weighted Impacts Without Considering Mitigation Measures 

Based on the criteria for rating the impacts, the weighted impacts without taking any 

mitigation measures have been presented in Table 7.2 for major activities in the 

construction and operation phase of the secured landfill facility. 


7


Page No.183 

In this weighted impact table the entries are presented in the form x(y), where" x" 

denotes the magnitude of the impact and "y" denotes the importance of the impact 

while "+" denotes beneficial, " - " denotes adverse impacts and "N" depicts no 

impact. Therefore total impact value for any activity on environment will be the 

multiplication of 'x' & 'y'. The activities to be carried out during development and 

operation of SLF are given below: 

Construction Phase Code Operation phase Code 

Excavation/soil 

filling, 

embankment and road 

construction 

Construction of buildings for 

personnel facilities, maintenance 

shop, washing area, storage, 

treatment facility. 

A Transportation of waste E 

B Collection and storage of waste F 

Bottom liner & cover liner and 

drainage system construction 

C Spreading, compaction & 

consolidation of the waste 

G 

Development of green belt D Collection & treatment of leachate H 

Closure & Post Closure Phase 

Monitoring of landfill facility I Decommissioning and closure of 

disposal facility 

J 


7


Page No.184 

No 

. 

Table 7.2 Weighted Impacts without Mitigation Measures 

Potential 

Impact 

Area 

Construction Phase Operation Phase Closure 

Phase 

ACTIVITY 

A B C D E F G H I J 

Total 

1 Air Quality -1(2) -2(2) -1(2) +2(3) -1(2) -2(2) -1(2) N N -1(2) -12 

2. Surface N N N +2(1) -2(1) N N -1(1) N N -1 

Water 

3 Ground N N N N N -3(3) -2(3) -2(2) N N -19 

Water 

4. Land -1(2) -1(2) N +1(1) -1(2) -1(1) N -1(1) N +2(2) -3 

5. Noise -2(2) -2(2) -1(1) N -1(2) N -1(2) N N -2(2) -17 

6. Vegetation N N N +1(2) N N N +1(1) N +2(1) +5 

7. Environment 

al Health 

8. Aesthetic 

Value 

-3(2) -2(2) -2(1) +3(2) -2(1) -3(3) -1(1) N +2(2) N -14 

-1(2) +2(2) +1(2) +3(2) -3(2) -2(2) -1(1) N N N -1 

9. Socioeconomic 

+2(3) +2(3) +2(3) +1(1) +2(2) +2(2) +1(1) N N +1(1) +29 

TOTAL -48 


7


Page No.127 

Outcome of Weighted Impact Analysis without Mitigation Measures 

As per the developed criteria, the waste management facility has been rated as less 

adversely impacting facility. However, certain mitigation measures have been 

recommended in order to minimise the impact on the environment. 

7.4.4 Mitigation Measures 

In order to minimise the adverse environmental impacts arising out of the various 

activities pertaining to the development and operation of the waste management 

facility the following mitigation measures have been recommended. 

(1) Excavation/ soil filling. 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

Periodic spray of water to suppress dust. 

Restriction of unnecessary movement of heavy machinery. 

Use the extra excavated soil to fill low lying areas. 

Develop green belt surrounding the site. 

(2) Construction of bottom liner, cover liner and drainage system. 

♦ 

Spray of water to suppress dust. 

(3) Construction of buildings for personnel facilities, maintenance shop, 

washing area. 

♦ Spray water to suppress the dust while excavation is going on. 

♦ Use construction waste for filling low lying areas in the vicinity of the site. 

(4) Loading/Unloading and transportation of waste 

♦ 

Dumpers/ tractors used for shifting waste should be checked for 

leakages. If leakages are found, they have to be sealed. 

♦ After loading the waste, it has to be covered tightly with PVC sheet in 

order to prevent spillage and blowing of the waste 

♦ Regular health checks have to be carried out for the labourers, who are 

involved directly or indirectly in the shifting of the waste. Labourers should 

be provided with masks, rubber gloves and gum-boots. 


7


Page No.128 

(5) Spreading, compaction & consolidation of the waste. 

♦ After unloading the waste at the landfill site, it has to be compacted immediately 

in order to prevent blowing away of particulate matter with the wind. 

♦ Solid waste has to be unloaded and compacted only in the secured landfill facility 

systematically as per the operation plan for the secured landfill. 

(6) Green Belt around the waste disposal site 

All peripheral area can be planted with 

avenue and air purifier trees like, Neem (Azadirachta india), Bauhinia sp. 

Sehtoot - Morus alba, Eucalyptus sp, Peltophorum - pterocarpum, Siris - 

Albizzia lebbek, Shisham - Dalbergion sissoo, Kachnar - Bauhinia sp., 

Moringa oliefera, Gmelima arboria, Amaltas - Cassia pistula 

♦ 

Flowering plants – Ashoka Longifolia, Ficus benjaming, Ficus cristata 

Normally, climatically adopted tree species can be planned in the inner circle 

followed by following plants in the middle circle; where as, if space is available then 

fruit trees can be put on the outer circle making a green belt around the site. 

(7) Leachate/wastewater collection & treatment 

♦ 

Leachate/wastewater has to be pumped to leachate treatment plant from 

the leachate collection sump regularly. All the leakages at pump and 

transfer lines have to be sealed. 

(8) Stormwater collection and treatment 

♦ 

Storm water should not be allowed to mix with the leachate. Separate 

collection and treatment system should be provided. 

(9) Closing of the landfill 

♦ 

♦ 

♦ 

For closing of the completed landfill cell, excavated soil from the next cell 

has to be used. 

Periodic water has to be sprayed to suppress any dust emissions. 

Unnecessary movement of heavy machinery has to be restricted. 

(10) Monitoring of the landfill 

♦ Regular monitoring of ground water and ambient air around the landfill has 

to be done. The monitoring stations have to be established up-stream and 

down-stream of the facility. 

♦ Immediate remedial measures have to be taken, if any kind of pollution is 

noticed. 


7


Page No.129 

(11) Miscellaneous measures 

♦ Approach road has to be constructed leading to waste management facility from 

the source of waste generation. 

♦ Regular house-keeping measures have to be undertaken for the secured landfill 

facility 

7.5.5 Weighted Impacts with Mitigation Measures 

The weighted impacts of various activities, to be carried out during construction and 

operation phase of centralised facility with all the suggested mitigation measures, 

have been presented in Table 7.3. 


7


Page No.130 

C:\My Documents\CHAP_EIA_hyperlink.doc 


7


Page No.131 

Outcome of the Weighted Impact Analysis after Taking All the Mitigation 

Measures 

After implementation of all the mitigation measures, based on the rating criteria, the 

WMF is rated as having less adverse impact. 

7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 

The Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared for the site at Guman Hera. 

Based on the environmental settings of the area, project activities and their 

environmental impacts, mitigation measures have been proposed to curb the 

adverse environmental impacts described in earlier chapters. 

The total area of the site is reported to be 56 hectares (140 acres). However, the 

area required for developing SLF for 20 years is only 26.35 hectares. The land 

has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of NCT - Delhi. 

The site lies in the salt affected area with scattered shrub grass vegetation, 

amidst patches of brick Kiln relics and small temporary water pools. The site 

falls in structural sag zone. It is located in wastelands within a dominantly 

agricultural landuse. 

There is no human population within 1 km distance of the site. The nearest village 

is Guman Hera, which is 1 km away. The site is adjacent to a "Gaushala" (Cow 

shelter). However, there is no regular use by inhabitants in the Gaushala. 

The nearest surface water body is Najafgarh drain, which is about 500 m away 

from the site. 

The groundwater table is available at 4.5 m b.g.l. The base of the landfill should 

be atleast 2 m above the groundwater table. So a Double Composite Liner 

system is proposed to be installed at the bottom of the landfill to prevent the 

percolation of leachate to the ground water. The quality of water at this level is 

however, saline. The fresh water aquifer in this area is available at a depth 

beyond 35 m bgl. 

As reported, the proposed site does not fall under any notified forest. 

There is no navigable river or stream within the 100 m distance of the site. 

As reported, the proposed site does not fall under flood prone area of the 

Yamuna River. Therefore, developing the secured landfill facility at the 

proposed site is not having the risk of flood. 

The geo-technical investigations results at the site shows that the sub-soil strata 

from existing ground surface to 20.4 m depth consists predominantly of fine 

grained soils i.e. sandy silt of low plasticity (CL/ML-CL). However, the sub-soil 

strata from depth 2.50 to 5.00m consists predominantly of coarse grained soils 

i.e. silty sand (SP-SM). The depth to bed rock at the site is more than 300m 

b.g.l. 


7


Page No.132 

The quality of the groundwater shows: (I) Lead concentration values exceed 0.05 

ppm in 1 U/s, 4 D/s locations, (ii) Hardness values exceed 600 ppm in 8 

locations (5 D/s, 3 U/s), (iii) Fluoride values exceed 1.5 ppm in 2 U/s, 2 D/s 

locations, (iv) TDS value exceeds 2000 ppm in 3 U/s, 5 D/s locations. 

Based on 50 years rainfall data, average annual rainfall is reported to be 905.32 

mm. 

Based on monitoring of ambient air quality at the site for 3 days (24 hours 

continuously), concentration of SPM, SO x and NO x at the site were in the range 

of 145 - 160, 1.6 - 1.8 and 1.5 - 2.1 ug/nm 3 respectively. The presence of the 

SPM, SO x and NO x in ambient air quality is well below the prescribed national 

Ambient Air Quality standards for industrial areas/residential areas. 

While carrying out excavation and construction of the landfill, periodic water spray 

has been recommended in order to suppress dust. 

Based on the findings of EIA studies, the above project can be considered as 

less polluting project 

The leachate generated secured landfill facility will be collected systematically in 

the collection pit and will be pumped to the Treatment Plant for further treatment 

before disposal into environment. 

To prevent soil erosion after closure of the facility, vegetative cover will be 

developed on top of the liner system. 

Green belt will be developed surrounding the secured landfill facility in order to 

abate air & noise pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage. 

The development of this facility will facilitate the systematic collection, storage, 

handling, transportation, processing and disposal of the hazardous wastes 

generated from 28 approved industrial areas/estates in Delhi without effecting 

the surrounding environment. This would result in improvement in the general 

environment within the region. 

Development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous wastes will 

involve many activities as described in the report. This will increase the 

opportunities of employment for the local people, which is a positive aspect of 

the project. 

Continuous monitoring of ground water and ambient air during operation and 

closure of landfill facility is recommended to be carried out in the surrounding 

area of the facility. This will continue for 30 years even after the closure of the 

facility. 


7


Page No.133 

Chapter-8 


7


Page No.134 

PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 

The operation of secured landfill facility includes loading of waste at source, 

transportation of waste from the sources of the waste generation to the final disposal 

facility, unloading of waste at the disposal facility, layer-wise compaction of waste, 

transfer and treatment of leachate at treatment facility. All the above mentioned 

activities may have serious environmental impacts if not carried out properly. 

Therefore, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to prevent 

and mitigate the possible adverse environmental impacts due to the construction/ 

operation of the proposed secured landfill facility. 

Table-8.1: Environmental Management Plan 

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN 

HAZARDS 

Constructional activities 

1. Excavation/soil • Generation of dust 

• Periodic spray of water should be 

filling, 

done. 

embankment 

and road 

• Movement of heavy vehicles should 

construction 

be restricted to the required lengths. 

2. Construction of 

buildings for 

composting 

plant, personnel 

facilities, 

maintenance 

shop, washing 

area, storage, 

treatment 

facility. 

• Excavated soil may be used for filling 

low lying areas. 

• Green belt (of appropriate species) 

should be developed surrounding the 

site. 

• Noise Pollution • Protective gears should be used by 

the people involved in this activity 

• Generation of dust • Periodic spray of water should be 

done 

• Protective gears should be used by 

the people involved in this activity 

• Generation of 

construction waste 

• Construction waste should be used 

for filling of low lying areas 

• The construction waste may be 

recycled/reused. 

3. Bottom liner & • Generation of dust 

• Periodic spray of water should be 

cover liner and 

done. 

drainage 

system 


7


Page No.135 

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL 

HAZARDS 

construction 

MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN 

• Green belt (of appropriate species) 

should be developed surrounding the 

site. 

Transportation 

4. Loading/unloadi 

ng 

& 

Transportation 

of waste 

Storage 

5. Temporary 

storage of the 

waste at the 

site 

Disposal 

6. Disposal of the 

waste into 

secured landfill 

Leakage/spillage 

of the of waste 

Disposal of the 

waste at unwanted 

places 

Tyres getting 

tarnished with waste 

while loading & 

unloading operation and 

causing further land 

pollution as they move 

• Adverse health 

impacts on the 

labourers 

• As far as possible waste should be 

transported in the sacks and 

containers 

• Loaded waste should be fully covered 

with HDPE sheet 

• Body of the lorry should be leak proof 

or it should be lined at bottom with 

bitumen 

• Follow waste tracking system 

• After loading/unloading the waste, 

Tyres of the lorry should be washed 

and wash water should be sent for 

treatment 

Labourers should be provided with 

gloves and gum boots 

Labourers should be given primary 

training 

• Periodic medical check ups should be 

carried out. 

Leachate generation • Temporary facility should have 

impermeable flooring and proper 

leachate collection arrangement., 

Leachate has to be treated before 

discharge 

• Blowing away of Spray water 

waste dust with wind Enclose the storage facility 

• Violent reaction, fire 

or explosion 

Develop compatibility matrix and 

place only compatible wastes together 

• Develop sound emergency plan to 

meet any unwanted accident 

• Provide fire fighting facilities and 

alarm system 

• Violent reaction, fire Develop compatibility matrix and 

or explosion place only compatible wastes together. 

Develop sound emergency plan to 

meet any unwanted accident 

• Provide fire fighting facilities and 

alarm system 

• Excessive leachate • Cover the sub-cells of the facility with 


7


Page No.136 

No. ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL 

HAZARDS 

generation 

monsoon season 

7. Sanitary 

facilities for the 

staff 

8. Laboratory 

facility 

9. Monitoring 

activity 

(Monitoring 

activity should 

continue even 

after closure of 

the facility) 

10. Operation 

maintenance & 

closure of the 

facility 

in 

• Blowing away of the 

waste dust with the 

wind 

MANAGEMENT ACTION TO BE TAKEN 

HDPE sheets and ensure that rain 

water does not come in contact with 

the waste 

• Spray water with dust suppressing 

chemicals 

Cover the waste layer with fresh soil 

and compact it 

• Disposal of waste at 

wrong place 

Erect indicators and sign boards for 

systematic operation 

• Leachate generation • Provide leachate collection and 

conveyance system. Leachate has to 

be treated before discharge 

Generation of waste 

water 

Generation of the 

waste water 

• Broken glassware 

and other solid 

wastes 

• Ground water 

pollution 

• Soil pollution due to 

leachate 

• Air Pollution 

• Contamination of 

environment 

• Wastewater has to be given suitable 

treatment prior to discharge or it can 

be mixed with leachate and taken for 

treatment. 

• Wastewater has to be given suitable 

treatment before discharge or it can 

be mixed with leachate after studying 

the compatibility. 

• Dispose them off in the facility 

• Dig/drill bore wells around the site 

based upon ground water flow and 

take samples of ground water 

periodically for analysis. In case of 

pollution of ground water is noticed, 

develop adequate redemption plan 

and execute it and keep monitoring 

• In case any pollution of ground water 

is noticed, then soil samples at 

various depths around the SLF should 

be analysed and suitable remediation 

steps be undertaken. 

• Ambient air monitoring should be 

carried out periodically & if air 

pollution is found, appropriate action 

has to be taken. 

• As a compensatory measure, green 

belt has to be developed in 10 - 15 mt 

Strip of land encircling the site. 

• On both sides of the approach road, 

at least 5 m wide green belt has to be 

developed. 

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING 


7


Page No.137 

Environmental monitoring has to be conducted at secured landfill facility to ensure 

that no contaminants that may affect public health and surrounding environment are 

released from the environment. The monitoring required is divided in to following 

categories: 

1. On and within the landfill, 

2. In the unsaturated subsurface zone (Vadose zone) beneath and around the 

landfill, 

3. In the ground water (saturated) zone beneath and around the landfill, monitoring 

and 

4. Ambient air quality monitoring in and around the landfill at upstream and 

downstream locations of the site. 

Parameters to be Monitored Regularly are: 

• Leachate head within the landfill. 

• Leachate quality within the landfill. 

• Quality of pore fluid in the vadose zone. 

• Quality of ground water in the saturated zones. 

• Ambient air quality above the landfill and at buildings on or near the landfill. 

8.3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 

As per the Guidelines for Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes published by the 

Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1991, an Emergency Plan has to be drawn in order to 

minimise the hazards to human health or environment from Fires, Explosion or any unplanned 

sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil 

or surface water. 

The secured landfill facility has been designed and developed for the hazardous wastes which 

are neither Flammable nor Explosive. The possible adverse impacts and risks due to 

construction and operation of Secured Landfill Facility have been identified and accordingly 

mitigation measures have been suggested in the Environmental Management Plan discussed 

in earlier chapter. However, some unforeseen emergencies require a plan/guideline to act 

upon in case of mishap. It is necessary however, that precautions must be taken at all times 

and at all stages of handling hazardous wastes to avert any adverse situation/accident. 

In general, major emergencies are not expected (which may require mobilisation of resources 

other than available with the owner of the facility) due to development and operation of 

Secured Landfill Facility at proposed site. However, in case of any emergency, the team of key 


7


Page No.138 

persons (Emergency Response Team) may be constituted in order to take care of emergency 

situations arise due to development and operation of SLF. Everyone associated with 

Hazardous wastes, especially Emergency Response Teams and Transporters should know 

how to act and where to quickly obtain assistance when any hazardous material accidents 

occur. 

Emergency response to spillage of hazardous wastes during handling and transportation, is 

given below. Each occurrence is different; therefore, the following generic steps are only 

suggestions. 

• Raising An Alarm : 

In the event of an emergency, the SLF Operator will raise an alarm which should be 

different from fire alarm. 

The procedure should be:- 

a) Switch on the Siren. Sound alarm continuously for ONE (*1) minute switch off 

for FIVE (5) seconds. 

b) Repeat alarm for Two (2) more occasions only in order to make it THREE (3). 

c) After raising alarm the shift superintendent or his nominee will act as an 

Incident controller of the situation. The following names are given below for 

records & actions. 

Incharge of SLF in consultation with Emergency response team will take 

decision regarding type of emergency situation and then assume the role of 

Emergency Controller from his own office. 

During this time his job will involve co-ordination and emergency activities onsite 

& liaison with authorities for assistance in hospitalisation etc. 

• Termination of Emergency/Disaster: 

When the condition of Emergency is brought under control, the works Emergency 

controller will announce termination of Emergency situation, the declaration of the 

end of the Emergency/Disaster shall be made thus:- 


7


Page No.139 

a) Siren with special continuous note will be sounded. 

• Emergency Response Steps For Spillage hazardous wastes 

If the spill is at the facility or enroute to facility on a road, persons associated with 

the handling of the hazardous wastes should call the site Emergency Response 

Team. 

Other Activities that must be performed are :- 

* Put up warning signs or barriers 

* Keep unauthorized people back. Detour traffic and isolate area. 

* Prevent Contact of waste with Moisture if possible. 

* Remove injured individuals, if any and clean wounds with water, and 

stop or slow the leak. 

* Cleanup with proper equipment (after putting on protective clothing) 

* Check the documents and package markings to determine composition 

of the wastes 

* Notify appropriate Environmental agency 

Note : Items like a 15m long rope, Buckets of water, Wash facility and basic 

first aid kit should be available at the landfill facility. Ideally no individual 

should work near the facility alone, only teams of workmen must be allowed to 

function at site. Just in case an individual falls in the landfill facility despite all 

precautions, the Emergency Response Team must be alerted to take charge, 

meanwhile the individual should be quickly removed by other personnel using 

basic equipment, administered first aid and sent for medical treatment. Other 

appropriate measures must be taken as per the requirement of the situation. 


7


Page No.140 

Chapter-9 

PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 


7


Page No.141 


Experience from the successful project show that consulting with the public is a 

important as performing good technical studies. Public consultation process involves 

the participation of the public in the process of developing the composting facility site 

for the scientific management of municipal waste. Effective public involvement 

requires integrating public concerns and values at every stage of the process. This 

process communicates to the public what to expect, providing a kind of “contract” 

with the public that helps to establish the credibility of the sponsoring agency. 

9.2 STAKEHOLDERS TO THE PROJECT 

The following stakeholders to be involved in the public participation process: 

Community Based Organisations, Local Bodies 

The village societies near the composting facility site have to be involved in the 

consultation process. They should be informed of the advantages and disadvantages 

of having the facility in that area for the community and environment as a whole. 

Environmental NGO 

NGOs have to be engaged in carrying out public consultation process. The NGO will 

help in preparing and disseminating public information in the local language both 

prior to and after the EIA study on project objectives and summary of the report 

respectively. 

Local Media 

Local media will help in building up the public opinion by publishing the articles in 

local language regarding composting project. A public notice regarding the public 

consultation meeting has also to be published in the same daily. 

Medical Professionals 

The prominent medical professionals (local doctors) may explain to the local people 

the benefits of having a waste treatment (composting) facility rather than dumping 

the waste in a haphazard manner. 

Traditional Leaders 

The head of Panchayats of nearby villages should be involved in the public 

consultation process. They have to be invited to the Public Consultation meeting and 

have to be briefed about the facility and its affects on their lives and their livelihood at 

an early stage. 

Waste generators 

Industrial units/Group of waste generators shall take initiatives in approaching the 

Government/DOE and Financial Institutions for setting up the SLF. DOE/DPCC shall 

provide necessary information regarding the quantity and type of waste generated, 


7


Page No.142 

mode of transport, waste characteristics and etc so as to enable the smooth 

conduction of public consultation process. 

9.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION TECHNIQUES 

9.3.1 Information Techniques 

The techniques for involving the public can be divided into two categories, namely. 

• Information techniques (giving information to the public) and 

Participation techniques (getting information form the public).Following techniques 

have to be employed in order to have successful information dissemination process 

for Public Consultation meeting. 

TECNIQUE 

FEATURES 

Briefings 

Personal visit or phone call to key officials or 

groups leaders to announce a decision, provide 

background information, or answer question. 

Feature stories In-depth story about the siting study in 

newspapers 

Mailing out key technical Mailing technical studies or environmental reports 

reports or environmental to other agencies and leaders of organised groups 

documents 

or interests. 

News Conferences 

Brief presentation to reporters, followed by 

question and answer period, often accompanied 

by handouts of presenters committee. 

Brochure 

Brief description of what is going on in the siting 

study, usually issues at key intervals for all people 

who have shown an interest in the study. It will 

highlight the key benefits likely to be gained by the 

local persons from the proposed project. 

Newspaper inserts 

Much like a newsletter, but distributed as an insert 

in a newspaper 

News releases 

A short announcement or news story issued to the 

media to get interest in media coverage of the 

story. 

Paid advertisements 

Advertising space purchased in newspapers or on 

radio or television. 

Presentations to civic and 

technical groups 

Delivery presentations enhanced with slides or 

viewgraphs, to key community groups. 

Press Kits 

Public services 

announcement 

A packet of information distributed to reporters. 

Short announcement provided free of charge by 

radio and television stations as part of their public 

service obligations. 

9.3.2 Participation Techniques 

TECNIQUE 

FEATURES 


7


Page No.143 

Advisory groups task 

forces 

Focus groups 

Hotline 

Interviews 

Hearings 

Meetings 

Workshops 

A group of representatives of key or interested parties is 

established. May be a policy, technical or citizen advisory 

group 

Small discussion groups established to give “typical” 

reactions of the public. Conducted by professional 

facilitator. Several sessions may be conducted with 

different groups. 

Widely advertised phone number to handle questions or 

provide centralised source of information about the siting. 

Face to face interviews with key officials, interest group 

leaders, or key individuals. 

Formal meetings where people present formal speeches 

and presentations. 

Less formal meetings for people to present positions, ask 

questions, and so forth 

Smaller meetings designed to complete a task 

9.4 CONSULTATION 

After organising the public consultation process with various stakeholders as 

mentioned earlier, the minutes of the meeting shall be recorded and circulated to all 

the participants after incorporating the suggestions and comments given during the 

meeting. The project report of expansion/ setting up of new composting facility along 

with proceedings of the public consultation process shall be submitted to State 

Government for necessary approval. 

Chapter-10 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Delhi has witnessed phenomenal growth in small-scale industries during last three 

decades. There are around 21,621 nos of small/medium scale industries operating in 

28 approved industrial areas of Delhi. Out of the total, around 10,449 nos are 

hazardous waste generating units. The major hazardous waste generating sectors 


7


Page No.144 

are Metal finishing, Textile (wet processing), printing, casting and others including 

pharmaceutical, etc. The distribution of Hazardous waste generation in Delhi is 

shown in Figures below: 

Distribution of HW Generation in 

Different Sectors 

Metal Finishing 

9% 

5% 

3% 

Textile (Wet 

Processing) 

Printing 

16% 

67% 

Casting 

Others 

Distribution of HW Generation in Metal Finishing 

Sector 

2% 

1% 

36% 

35% 

Pickling of SS Plates 

MS Wire Drawing 

Ni-Cr Plating 

Pickling 

Zinc Plating 

Others 

1% 

25% 

Total of 2,37,757 (approx.) Kg/d of hazardous waste is expected from the approved 

industrial estates/areas. If all the 15 CETPs in Delhi become operational, then 

anticipated sludge quantity from them is 57.46 m 3 /d. These wastes have to be 

managed properly in order to prevent degradation of environment, preserve our 

natural resources and improve public health. 

The disposal of hazardous wastes on land or in low lying areas causes numerous 

adverse impacts on the environment such as: 

• Groundwater contamination by the percolation of leachate from waste body 

• Surface water contamination by the run-off from the waste dump 


7


Page No.145 

• Odour generation, pests, rodents and wind-blown litter around the waste dump 

• Epidemics through stray animals 

• Acidity to the surrounding soil 

Therefore, the need of scientific management of hazardous waste is emphasised in 

Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amended Rules, 2000. As per these 

rules hazardous wastes after pretreatment have to be either incinerated or disposed 

off in a secured landfill facility depending upon the type of hazardous waste. Further, 

the sites for developing such facility have to be identified based on Environmental 

Impact Assessment (EIA) studies. 

Out of the total waste generated in 28 approved industrial areas/estates, 87,000 

m 3 /annum of waste is required to be disposed off to SLF. 

In order to identify a suitable site for developing a SLF in NCT- Delhi, Environmental 

Impact Assessment (EIA) studies of pre-identified sites for one season have been 

carried out based on existing environmental settings of the area and the project 

activities. Three sites were identified by Department of Environment, Govt. of Delhi 

for carrying out EIA studies: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Site I: within Bawana relocation industrial complex 

Site II: adjacent to Wazirpur CETP 

Site III: near village Guman Hera 

In addition, there is one more site (close to Bawana Industrial Area) identified by 

DOE, Govt. of NCT-Delhi during 1996-97. The EIA studies for the same had been 

conducted by NPC in 1997. 

The baseline data on geological, hydro-geological, hydrological, meteorological, 

ambient air quality, ground & surface water quality etc. for all three sites were 

collected. The data on ambient air quality, ground & surface water quality and soil 

characteristics were established through monitoring. The criteria stipulated by CPCB, 

MOEF and that developed by NPC based on UNEP's criteria followed internationally 

were used to assess and evaluate the suitability of the sites. 

The sites were first assessed with respect to the locational criterias (CPCB's, 

MOEF's and international criteria adapted by NPC) for siting of hazardous waste 

landfill facility. None of the sites were found to comply with all the criteria as given in 

the table below: 

Site CPCB Criteria MOEF Guideline International 

Criteria 

Bawana Conforms to all Does not conform to - Conforms to 

relocational 

industrial site 

• The site shall be more all 

than 25 Km away from 

ecologically and or other 


• The site shall be 25 km 


7


Page No.146 

Wazirpur 

CETP site 

Old Bawana 

site 

Guman Hera 

site 

away from the projected 

growth boundary of the 

settlement for (atleast a 

decade) 

• 1/2 km away from 

railway line or highway 

Conforms to all Conforms to 

all 

Conforms to all Conforms to 


• The site shall be more 

than 25 Km away from 

ecologically and or other 


• The site shall be 25 km 

away from the projected 

growth boundary of the 

settlement for (atleast a 

decade) 

all . 

Conforms to 

all 

Further, detailed investigations of these sites were carried out and ranked as per 

MOEF guidelines as well as by the criteria adapted by NPC followed internationally. 

The ranking of the sites w.r.t MOEF and NPC's criteria is as given below: 

Potential 

site 

As per MOEF guidelines 

Sensitivit Hazard 

y Index potential 

As per criteria developed by NPC 

Ideal Rank 

score 

for 

selectio 

n 

Rank Score Minimu 

m score 

for 

selectio 

n 

Site I 417 Low III 322 300 400 III 

Site II 406 Low II 339 II 

Site III 360 Low I 347 I 

Site IV 473.75 Moderate IV 320 

IV 

Site III located near village Guman Hera has the lowest sensitvity index (as per 

MOEF's ranking system) and highest score ( as per NPC's criteria). Further, the 

area available at site III is sufficient for developing a secured landfill facilty for 

15 years life. Also additional area around the site could be procured for 

extension of the facility. 

Therefore site III located near village Guman Hera is recommended for 

development of secured landfill facility for disposal of hazardous waste 

generated from approved industrial estates/areas of NCT - Delhi. 

However, as "no site can be perfect", the mitigation measures have been proposed 

to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts. Accordingly, Environmental 

Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which shall be followed at the sites for 

disposal of hazardous waste in environmentally sound manner. 

The mitigation measures to be taken are summarised in the following action points: - 


7


Page No.147 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Κ 

Provide Protective Gears (such as Full sleeve apron, gumboots, mask, Gloves 

etc) to workers 

Training to workers for safe handling of wastes. 

Leachate collection, treatment and disposal (systematic collection and 

treatment of the leachate generated in the landfill facility). 

Periodic Environmental Quality monitoring for ground water and ambient air 

around site. 

Green belt development surrounding the facility in order to abate air & noise 

pollution and to reduce the storm water drainage. 

Periodic water spray in order to suppress dust while carrying out excavation 

and construction activities 

After implementation of proposed EMP and mitigation measures, the disposal of 

hazardous waste at the recommended site shall be considered as environmentally 

sound process as it will care of the following: 

• Ground water and soil protection through the provisions of an impermeable base 

of the facility, lined drain and disposal of non compatible waste in different cells. 

• Surface water protection through diversion of surface run-on and installation of 

leachate treatment plant. 

----------------------- 


7


Page No.148 

References 

1. Manual on "Municipal Solid waste management" published by Central Public Health 

Engineering 

2. “Landfill of Hazardous Waste – A Training Manual”, Technical Report No.17 

UNEP, March, 1994) 

3. Industrial Solid Waste Management and Landfilling Practice by M.Dutta, B.P.Parida, 

B.K.Guha, T.R.Surkrishan, 1997 

4. Design, Construction and Monitoring of Landfills (Second edition) by Amalendu 

Bagchi, 

5. Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities, 

Judith Petts and Gen Eduljee, John Wiley Sons, 1994 

Source: Guidelines for "An Appropriate Management Of Domestic Sanitary Landfill Sites" 

by H. Oeltzschner and D. Mutz, Publication: Deutche Gesellschaft fur Tecnische 

Zusanmmenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH., 1994.) 

((2). "Landfill of Hazardous Industrial Wastes-A Training Manual", Technical Report No. 

17, UNEP, March 1994.) 


7

Annex I, Page No i 

Annexure – 1 

Reasons for scaling the criteria and assigning the weightages as per the 

criteria adapted by NPC 

The key factors involved for the assessment and selection of site for the disposal of 

hazardous wastes is divided into three groups. Each group is further subdivided into 

relevant parameters. The reasons for assigning the due weightage to different 

factors are given below. 

General Information: 

25 % weightage has been given to "General information" as this pertains to the key 

features of sites. The factors like "Transportation Economy ", "Land Slope", "Flood 

Proneness" and "Wind Direction" have been assigned weightages as per their 

relative importance. The following reasons were considered for assigning the 

weightage: 

• Transportation Economy: 

The transportation of waste from the source of waste generation to the disposal site 

is one of the important factors in order to decide the economic location of site. So the 

sites for this evaluation have to be given relative value from 5 to 2 corresponding to 

excellent to poor as per their distance form the source of generation 

Distance Evaluation 

Km 

(Relative Value) 

0-5.00 Excellent (5) 

5.00-10.00 Ideal (4) 

10.00-20.00 Good (3) 

20.00-40.00 Poor (2) 

>40.00 Bad (1) 

Slope Percent: 

Natural slope of a site is important from the drainage consideration. But, more sloppy 

land may pose difficulty in the construction and may need levelling up. To prevent 

water logging the site should not be concave i.e. there should not be any depression. 

Therefore, following scales have been developed for evaluating the slope percent of 

the sites: 

First Scale Second Scale Evaluation 

(Slope %) (Slope %) (Relative Value) 

1.5 1.5 Excellent (5) 

1.5-1.2 1.5-2.5 Ideal (4) 

1.2-0.75 2.5-7.0 Good (3) 

0.75-0.50 7.0-15 Poor (2) 

< 0.5 >15 Bad (1)

Annex I, Page No ii 

Topography: 

In general the site topography is to be convex in relation to the surrounding so that 

the rain water is drained away from the site naturally. So, a site with convex 

topography can be regarded as excellent and that with concave topography can be 

regarded as bad. 

• Wind Direction: 

Though, generation of toxic fumes are not expected due to very nature of the waste 

to be disposed off, handling of waste in the disposal facility may create air pollution 

in form of dust formation. Prominent wind direction may affect the population on the 

downstream side of the facility. So any village within a distance of one km 

downstream of the sites can be vulnerable to any air pollution due to the operation of 

the waste disposal site. The sites have to be ranked as per the degree of impact on 

the downstream. The location of the facility should be selected in such a manner that 

there is no or minimum effect at the downstream habitation. 

Following relative value scale is developed for ranking the sites: 

Downstream 

Evaluation (Relative Value) 

Distance (Km) 

>1 Excellent (5) 

1-0.5 Ideal (4) 

0.5-0.2 Good (3) 

0.2-0.1 Poor (2) 

Annex I, Page No iii 

Surface water bodies & drinking water sources should be protected and site should 

not be close to these sources. Following scale has been developed for ranking the 

sites: 

• Rainfall 

Distance 

Evaluation 

(Km) 



5-3 Ideal (4) 

3-2 Good (3) 

2-1 Poor (2) 

15 Excellent (5) 

15-10 Ideal (4) 

10-5 Good (3) 

5-1 Poor (2) 

Annex I, Page No iv 

locate the site in such a way that in case of such eventuality, the impact is least. The 

sites have to be evaluated as per the distance of downstream villages. 

Following relative value scale is developed for ranking the sites: 

Distance in 

Evaluation 

Downstream (Km) 



5.0-3.0 Ideal (4) 

3.0-1.0 Good (3) 

1.0-0.5 Poor (2) 

15 Excellent (5) 

15-10 Ideal (4)

Annex I, Page No v 

• Seismic Condition 

10-5 Good (3) 

5-1 Poor (2) 

Annex I, Page No vi 

0.2 Bad (1) 

Landuse: 

Existing Landuse: 

The existing land cover depicts the economic importance of the site. Less the 

economic importance of the site more suitability of the site for waste disposal site 

development. Following scale has been developed for ranking the sites from existing 

landuse considerations: 

• Proposed Land use: 

Existing Landuse 

Evaluation 


Wasteland/saline Excellent (5) 

Grazing/Fallow Ideal (4) 

Single Crop/non-irrigated Good (3) 

Double Crop/irrigated Poor (2) 

Plantation Bad (1) 

The proposed land use around the sites by the local development authority is 

another major consideration for evaluation of the sites. If any sort of development is 

envisaged by the development authority nearby the site, then the site should not be 

preferred. If the area around the site has the potentiality for development then the 

relative value of 1 i.e. bad has to be given otherwise a relative value of 5 i.e. 

excellent has to be assigned. 

• Impact of Waste Transportation: 

The transportation of waste poses threat to the areas through it passes. A site, which 

poses minimum threat to the health by virtue of its traffic linkage, should be 

considered as ideal site. Any site due to which there is possibility of increased 

exposure of the wastes to the population have to be assigned a relative value of 1 

otherwise 5. 

• Special Ecological Features: 

Areas surrounding the site with special ecological features such as habitation 

endangered species should be avoided for waste disposal site development. The 

sites were given a relative value of 1 if close to such areas other wise 5.

Annex II, Page No i 


Preliminary Visit Reports 

Site I: Bawana Industrial Area Relocation Site 

A site visit was made on 17.01.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of 

the above-proposed site. 

The site visit was made by the following officials: 

No. NAME /DESIGNATION ORGANISATION 

1. Mr. Pankaj Kumar Department of Environment 

Deputy Secretary 

Govt of N.C.T. of Delhi 

2. Dr. K. Kumar Department of environment 

Sr. Scientist 

Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi 

3 Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division) 

Deputy Director 

National Productivity Council 

4. Ms. Shukla Pal (Environment Division) 

Assistant Director 

NPC 

5. Mr Shyam Lal DSIDC 

Junior Engineer 

The description of site is as follows: 

SITE - 1 : 

Bawana Industrial Area Relocation Site 

The proposed site is located within Bawana Industrial Area closed to 

CETP. The site falls between the Ghoga drain and the Bawana 

Escape. The main access road to the site is the road going to Sanoth 

village on the right side of the Bawana -Narela road. This road is 

almost opposite to the 91 MLD water treatment plant of Delhi Jal Board 

(DJB) located on the left side. The site is situated almost 18 km from 

Samai pur Badli. The total area of the site proposed for the 

development of hazardous waste disposal facility is 15 acres. A 220 KV 

high-tension line passes through the site. 

The site has flat topography and the soil is observed to be mixture of 

yellow and grey colour. The ground water table closed to the site is 

observed/reported to be around 1 meter below the existing ground 

level as some excavation work for bridge was in progress. There are 

some trees mainly eucalyptuses on and near the site. Towards the

Annex II, Page No ii 

south of the site there is a shallow surface water stream (1-1.5 m wide) 

used mainly for washing etc. Just adjacent to the northwest boundary 

of the site construction work going on for a 60-m wide road (as a part of 

master plan work by DSIDC).The eastern boundary is a brick wall. 

Adjacent to this wall, on the other side is a Rice mill. The northern 

boundary is fenced. 

Observations: 

As high-tension line is passing through the site, the site would require 

clearance from Electricity Authority. Also, the ground water table near 

the site is around 1 meter below the existing ground level which would 

be having a negative bearing on site selection as CPCB criteria 

suggest a minimum distance of 2 meter between the ground water 

table and base of the landfill. Both factors will reduce the capacity of 

landfill tremendously even though site is selected for development. 

As DSIDC has already carried out soil investigations around the 

proposed site recently, the following information /data may be 

requested by Deptt. of Environment to DSIDC: 

∗ The detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers of the 

proposed site 

∗ The names of the villages located around the 10-km radius of the 

site, if possible. 

∗ Geo-technical details of the proposed site, if available, as they have 

already selected the neighboring site for a proposed CETP at 

Bawana.. 

The Contact person at DSIDC is - Mr.S.K.Chabba, Executive Engineer 

DSIDC, Bawana 

(Ph.No.-7753490, Fax No.-7752955)

Annex II, Page No iii 

Site II: Wazirpur CETP Site 

A site visit was made on 15.02.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of 




1. Dr. K. Kumar Department of environment 

Sr. Scientist 

Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi 

2. Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division) 





NPC 

4. Mr Singh DSIDC 


5. Dr. P. G. Shanware Landuse / Landcover expert 

6. Mr. Vijay Kumar Geotech Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 


SITE - 1 : 

Wazirpur CETP Site 

The proposed site was visited by study team along with Mr. Singh, 

DSIDC. 

The site is located within Wazirpur Industrial Area adjacent to CETP. 

The site falls between two railway lines viz, Northern Railway and 

Azadpur Railway. The site is about 3-5 Km from Sanathan Dharma 

Mandir. The longititude and latitude of the site are : 

28 o 48' 36" N 

77 o 04' 55" E 

The layout map of the site is attached at Annexure - 1. 

Observations: 

The total area of the site is 12747 sq. m. The site has flat topography 

and the soil is observed to be mixture of yellow and grey colour. The 

site at present is a wasteland. There are about 25 nos. of trees. at the 

site. Western side of the site touch the CETP boundary and on the 

north western side the JJ clusters. Remaining area surrounding the site

Annex II, Page No iv 

is a open area. The wastewater from different industries located in 

Wazirpur Industrial area is treated in the CETP adjacent to the 

proposed site and is discharged to a drain leading to Yamuna river. 

There is no surface water body in the immediate vicinity of the site. 

As DSIDC has already carried out soil investigations for CETP closed 

to the proposed site, the following information /data shall be procurred 

by NPC from DSIDC, if available: 

∗ The detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers of the 

proposed site 

∗ Geo-technical details of the proposed site.

Annex II, Page No v 

Site III: Gumman Herra 

As informed by Dr. K. Kumar, Scientist, Deptt. Of Environment (DOE), Govt. of NCT 

– Delhi, Mr. Uttam Basayani, Jt Director (V), MCD was contacted to show the 

proposed site at Gumman Herra. Mr. Sushil kumar, JE (SLF – Okhla), MCD was 

deputed by MCD to show the proposed site to NPC team. Due to preoccupancy, 

officials from DOE could not join for the site visit. 

The site visit was made on 15.03.2002 in order to assess the prima facie suitability of 




1. Mr. Yogesh Gupta (Environment Division) 





NPC 

3. Mr. Sushil Kumar Municipal Corporation of Delhi 


Govt of N.C.T. - Delhi 

4. Mr Maninder Geotech Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 


SITE - 1 : 

Village Gumman Herra 

The proposed site was shown by Mr. Sushil Kumar, Junior Engineer, 

Municipal Corporation of Delhi. 

The site lies adjacent to a Gooshalla run by Maharaj Guru Chaya. 

There are two main access roads, one from village Sikarpur and other 

from Najafgarh. It is approx. 11 Km from Khera Morh, Najafgarh. The 

latitude and longitude of the site are: 

28 o 31'30" N 

76 o 55'25" E 

The layout map of the proposed site is attached at Annex. 1. 

Observations: 

The total area of the proposed site is reported to be 140 acres. The 

land has been acquired by Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Govt. of 

NCT - Delhi. It is a wasteland. There are some trees mainly wild Babul 

trees and bushes grown within site. But a part of the land is being used 

by the villagers for farming. A man-made depression was found within

Annex II, Page No vi 

the site where a pool of stagnant water stands. The site has a flat 

topography. 

The groundwater table closed to the site is reported to be 40 metres 

below existing ground level as told by the villagers. There is a 

supplementary drain flowing adjacent to the site. There is no 

demarcation made on the proposed site with respect to the surrounding 

area. 

As the proposed site has been acquired by MCD, Govt. of NCT - Delhi, 

a detailed site map with survey numbers/khasra numbers, if available 

may be procurred from them.

Annex III, Page No i 


Drinking water standards (IS 10500: 1991) and surface water quality 

standards 

Drinking water Standards (IS 10500 : 1991) 

S.No. Parameter Requirements 

(Desirable 

Limits) 

Permissible 

Limits in 

absence of 

alternative 

source 

1. Color, Hazen units, max 5 25 

2. Odour Unobjectionable 

- 

3. Taste Agreeable - 

4. Turbidity NTU, max 5 10 

5. pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.9 

6. Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, 300 600 

max 

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/l max 0.3 1.0 

8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l max 250 1000 

9. Free Chlorine mg/l, min 0.2 - 

10. Dissolved solids mg/l, max 500 2000 

11. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, max 75 200 

12. Copper (as Cu), mg/l max 0.5 1.5 

13. Manganese (as Mn), mg/l max 0.1 0.3 

14. Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l max 200 400 

15. Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l max 45 100 

16. Fluoride (as F), mg/l max 1.0 1.5 

17. Phenolic compounds (as C 6 H 5 OH) 0.001 0.002 

mg/lt, max 

18. Mecrcuty (as Hg), mg/l max 0.001 0.001 

19. Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l max 0.01 0.01 

20. Selenium (as Se), mg/l max 0.01 0.01 

21. Arsenic (as As) mg/l max 0.05 0.05 

22. Cyanide (as CN), mg/l max 0.05 0.05 

23. Lead (as Pb), mg/l max 0.05 0.05 

24. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l max 5.0 15.0 

25. Total chromium (as Cr), mg/lt, max 0.05 0.05 

26. Aluminum (as Al), mg/lt, max 0.03 0.2 

27. Boron, max 1.0 5.0

Annex III, Page No ii 

PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CLASS SW-II WATER 

(For Bathing, Contact Water Sports and Commercial Fishing) 

S.No. Parameter Standards 

1. pH range 6.5-8.5 

2. Dissolved Oxygen 4.0 mg/l or 50 per cent saturation value 

whichever is higher 

3. Colour and Odour No noticeable colour or offensive odour 

4. Floating Matters Nothing obnoxious or detrimental for 

use purposes 

5. Turbidity 30 NTU (Nephelo turbidity unit) 

6. Fecal Coliform 100/100 ml (MPN) 

7. Biochemical oxygen demand 

(BOD) (3 days at 27 o C) 

3 mg/l 

PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CLASS SW-III WATER 

(For Industrial Cooling, Recreation (non-contact) and Aesthetics) 

S.No. Parameter Standards 

1. pH range 6.5-8.5 

2. Dissolved Oxygen 3.0 mg/l or 40 per cent saturation value 

whichever is higher 

3. Colour and Odour No noticeable colour or offensive odour 

4. Floating Matters No visible, obnoxious floating debris, 

oil slick, scum 

5 Fecal Coliform 500/100 ml (MPN) 

6. Turbidity 30 NTU 

7. Dissolved Iron (as Fe) 0.5 mg/l or less 

8. Dissolved Manganese (as 

Mn) 

0.5 mg/l or less

Annex IV, Page No i 


Soils of NCT Delhi 

Mappin 

Description 

g Unit 

Soils of active flood plains (Aaa) 

1 Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils on 

gentle slopes with sandy surface, moderate erosion and 

slight flooding; associated with: 

• Deep, somewhat excessively drained, calcareous 

soils with sandy surface, moderate erosion and 

slight flooding 

2 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine 

loamy soils on very gentle slopes with loamy 

surface, slight erosion and slight flooding; 

associated with: 

• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils 

with loamy surface, moderate erosion and slight 

flooding 

Soils of recent alluvial plains (Aab) 

3. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on 

very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight 

erosion and slight salinity; associated with: 


with loamy surface and slight erosion 

4 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils 

on very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight 


• Deep somewhat excessively drained soils with 

sandy surface and slight erosion 

5. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine 

loamy soils on nearly level slopes with loamy 

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity; 


• Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils 

with loamy surface, slight erosion with slight salinity 

6. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils 

on nearly level slopes with loamy surface and slight 

erosion, associated with 

• Deep somewhat excessively drained soils with 

sandy surface, slight erosion and slight salinity 

7. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on 

very gentle sloes with loamy surface, slight erosion 

and slight salinity associated with: 



8. • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils 

on nearly level slopes with loamy surface and slight 

erosion; associated with 

• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine 

loamy soils with loamy surface and slight erosion 

Soil Taxonomy (Sub 

group) 

Typic Ustifluvents 

Typic Ustipsamments 

Fluventic Ustochrepts 

Typic Ustifluvents 

Typic Ustochrepts 

Typic Ustorthents 

Typic Ustipsamments 




Ustipsamments 




Typic Ustochrepts

Annex IV, Page No ii 


Description 

g Unit 

9. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse 




• Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils 


Soils of old alluvial plains (Aac) 


on very gentle slopes with sandy surface and slight 

erosion with: 


loamy soils with loamy surface and slight erosion 

11 • Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on 

very gentle slopes with loamy surface, slight 


• Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils with loamy 

surface and slight erosion 

12 • Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on 

very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight 

erosion; associated with 

• Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils with loamy 

surface and slight erosion. 

13 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on very 

gentle slopes with loamy sand surface and slight 

erosion; associated with: 

• Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils with loamy 

surface, slight erosion and slight salinity. 



surface, slight erosion and moderate salinity; 

associated with 


surface and slight erosion 

15 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, coarse-loamy soils 

on very gentle slopes with loamy sand surface, 

slight erosion and slight salinity; associated with: 

• Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils with loamy 


16 • Deep, well drained, coarse-loamy soils on nearly 

level slopes with loamy surface and slight salinity; 

associated with. 


with loamy surface 

17. • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine 


surface and slight erosion; associated with 

• Deep well drained, calcareous, coarse loamy soils 


18 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on nearly 

level slopes with loamy surface; associated with: 



group) 








Ustochrepts 












Typic Ustochrepts

Annex IV, Page No iii 


Description 

g Unit 


19 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse 


surface and slight salinity; associated with 


loamy soils with loamy surface and slight salinity 

20 • Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse 


surface and slight salinity; associated with: 


surface 





• Deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, coarse 

loamy soils with loamy surface, slight erosion and 

slight salinity. 

22 • Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on nearly 

level slopes with loamy surface; associated with: 


on very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight 

erosion; associated with. 


on very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight 



surface and slight erosions 

24 • Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on nearly level 

slopes with loamy surface and slight salinity; 


• Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils 


Soils of hill terrains (Aba1) 

25 • Shallow, somewhat excessively drained, loamy 

skeletal soils on moderate slopes with loamy 

surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness; 


• Moderately shallow, well drained, loamy skeletal 

soils with loamy surface, moderate erosion and 

strong stoniness 

26 • Moderately shallow, well drained, loamy skeletal 

soils on moderate slopes with loamy surface, 

moderate erosion and strong stoniness; 


• Shallow, somewhat excessively drained, loamy 

skeletal soils with loamy surface, severe erosion 

and moderate stoniness 

Soils of dissected hills (Aba2) 

27 • Moderately shallow, some what excessively 

drained, loamy skeletal soils on moderate slopes 


group) 





Fluventic Ustochrepts 








Lithic Ustochrepts 



Lithic Ustochrepts 

Typic Ustochrepts


g Unit 

Description 

with loamy surface, moderate erosion and strong 

stoniness; associated with: 

• Medium deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy 

soils with loamy surface, moderate erosion and 

slight stoniness 

Soils of pediments (Abb1) 

28 • Medium deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy 

soils on gentle slopes with loamy surface and 

moderate erosion; associated with 


with loamy surface and moderate erosion 

Soils of piedmonts (Abb2, Abb3) 

29 • Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on very gentle 

slopes with loamy surface and slight erosion; 



with loamy surface and slight erosion. 


on gentle slopes with loamy surface and moderate 




31 • Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils on 

gentle slopes with loamy surface and moderate 

erosion, associated with: 



Annex IV, Page No iv 


group) 










Note: All the soils are mixed in mineralogy and hyperthermic in temperature regime


NOC from DGCA 

Annex V, Page No i

EIA Studies of 3 Pre-Identified Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?