PhD Arthur Decae 2010 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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wedge-shaped yellow zone on the crest of the caput, smooth fang, a retrolateral spine on patella III, and well developed PMS with spigots on the ventral surface. The maculatipesgroup is distributed on islands in the western basin of the Mediterranean (Majorca, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and smaller islands). The group contains several species, some of which may be synonymous. Further study is necessary to confirm the taxonomy of this group. Species supposedly included in the maculatipes-group are: N. maculatipes, N. sanzoi, N. pavani Dresco 1978, N. fertoni Simon 1914, N. arenicola Simon 1892, N. albicomis Simon 1914, N. kahmanni Kraus 1955 and maybe other species. Interspecific relationships of N. santeugenia and N. santeulalia: Nemesia santeugenia from Majorca and N. santeulalia from Ibiza seem to be close relatives and both endemic to the Balearics. Morphologically the two species are hard to distinguish. The most prominent difference is found in the PMS, which are more strongly developed and carry more spigots in N. santeulalia than in N. santeugenia. This feature may, or may not, be related to a behavioral difference shown in the structure of the burrow. The burrow of N. santeulalia is fully lined with silk while that of N santeugenia is only partly lined. Other behavioral differences reflected in the structure of the burrow are the storage of indigestible prey-remains in the burrow walls and floor by N. santeulalia, and the dead-ended side tube that this species builds, in contrast to the open-ended side tube and the removal of prey-remains from the
urrow by N. santeugenia. Based on their spermathecae structure, both species probably have their closest relatives to the west, possibly in Morocco (N. ariasi figured in Blasco 1986a) or on the Iberian Peninsula (N. hispanica figured in Buchli 1968). More probably, however, the closest relative is an as yet unidentified species collected by Buchli in Spain. Interspecific relationships of N. brauni: Nemesia brauni differs strongly in behavior and morphology from all other Majorcan Nemesia species. Particularly the absence of PMS places this species apart, as does its aggressive behavior and its extrovert way of hunting. The closest relatives of N. brauni are probably several species found on the Iberian peninsula (both in Portugal and Spain) with which it shares its large size, aggressive attitude, thick cork-door, burrow type and absence of PMS. A Portuguese species that has long been regarded as N. hispanica (Frade & Bacelar 1931; Machado 1944; Cardoso 2000) was recently compared with the type of N. hispanica and found to be a different, as yet undescribed, species. Interspecific relationships of N. bristowei and N. randa: Both species appear to be endemic to Majorca, where they occur in separate geographical areas (Fig. 84). Nemesia bristowei and N. randa show a number of interesting similarities in morphology (carapace shape, eyeformation, "western-type" spermathecae), behavior (reclusive lifestyle, simple fully silk-lined burrows, modified trapdoor) and ecology (predominantly found on steep surfaces) that might indicate a mutual relationship. According to their type of spermathecae N. bristowei and N. randa seem to be "western" species, of which the closest relatives should be expected on nearby islands or on the Iberian Peninsula. However, N. bristowei, with its remarkable cogwheel shaped trapdoor, might have a relative towards the east, on Sardinia, where an as yet undescribed species seems to build a somewhat similar trapdoor (though more "star-shaped") that has been photographed by and published in Kullmann & Stern 1975 (see also Bellmann 1997 p. 37). Interspecific relationships of N. ibiza: This species seems to be a member of a larger tribe of cork-door building Nemesia species that has a wide distribution on the Iberian mainland and in southern France. The group probably contains N. hispanica, N caementaria and N. carminans. In particular N. ibiza and N. hispanica seem to be closely related. If these two species could be proved to be synonymous this would provide the first definite record of a species with a distribution that includes both mainland and island locations. Finally, it is unfortunate that the present study is rather incomplete. Particularly the absence of males of most species described here is an important omission. To complete the picture of the Balearic Nemesia fauna it will be necessary to obtain the missing males and also to study the Nemesia species that occur on Minorca and the smaller islands in the Balearic archipelago. It is hoped that samples from these locations and males of all species will become available for study shortly in order to complete this study and to improve our understanding of Nemesia diversity and distribution in the region. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Peter Merrett for his critical comments and thorough editorial work on the manuscript, Paul Selden for sharing his discovery of N. bristowei with me and for providing me with the first specimens of this species for study, Paul Hillyard for his study of the spinneret morphology of the type specimens of N. brauni and N. hispanica in the BMNH in London, Christine Rollard for her friendly reception and provision of facilities for study of the collection in the MNHN in Paris, Gilbert Caranhac for helping in the survey of the MNHN collection and providing information on the male of N. brauni, and Nollie Hallensleben for comments and corrections of the manuscript.
Page 1 and 2: Diversity and distribution of mygal
Page 3 and 4: Voor Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT Ik heb je
Page 5 and 6: Contents (page numbers and running
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 General introduction. Art
Page 9 and 10: diversity (Penney et. al. 2003) all
Page 11 and 12: Recently the Mediterranean has acqu
Page 13 and 14: 2. The African-Arabic Continent Aro
Page 15 and 16: Mediterranean. Recently a very dive
Page 17 and 18: The funnel-web spiders of the famil
Page 19 and 20: Coyle (1981) also negates the commo
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Trapdoor spiders of the g
Page 23 and 24: The questions of whether these spec
Page 25 and 26: Genus Nemesia Audouin, 1826 Nemesia
Page 27 and 28: parts as in N. santeugenia (Fig. 46
Page 29 and 30: 1.01-1.08, more than twice as wide
Page 31 and 32: and femora; all metatarsi and tibia
Page 33 and 34: The "teeth" on the edge of the door
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 33-39: Nemesia randa sp. n., f
Page 37 and 38: santeulalia), the broken POP in the
Page 39 and 40: urrow runs almost vertically into t
Page 41 and 42: Variation (n= 6): Adult females sma
Page 43 and 44: Figs. 54-60 Nemesia santeulalia sp.
Page 45 and 46: Figs. 61-67: Nemesia ibiza sp. n.,
Page 47 and 48: Behavior: Some spiders were found t
Page 49: Figs 79-82 Trapdoors of Majorcan Ne
Page 53 and 54: Abstract The occurrence of the trap
Page 55 and 56: Distribution of species. Although o
Page 57 and 58: Patellar spine formulae. PSPvar (n=
Page 59 and 60: Patellar spine formulae. PSP [p=0-0
Page 61 and 62: PMS reduced digitiform. PLS spigots
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 45 with Blasco 1986 p.346 Fig.
Page 65 and 66: the northern-most parts of the coun
Page 67 and 68: also in Catalonia (type locality ea
Page 69 and 70: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figs. 1-
Page 71 and 72: 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Page 73 and 74: 49 50 51 52 53 54 Figs 49-54 Estima
Page 75 and 76: Abstract A new genus, Iberesia, is
Page 77 and 78: median spinnerets (PMS) and consequ
Page 79 and 80: Carapace: pattern indistinct (Fig.
Page 81 and 82: Iberesia castillana (Frade & Bacela
Page 83 and 84: Bacelar 1931 based on their study o
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 Sub-generic diversity and
Page 87 and 88: precondition for extracting valuabl
Page 89 and 90: Results MDS analysis of full data-s
Page 91 and 92: Brachythele & Raveniola Holonemesia
Page 93 and 94: Holonemesia Simon 1914 (Figs. 3, 5,
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 6 Cladogram of Holonemesia ind
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 12 Geographic distribution of
Page 99 and 100: Raven & Schwendinger 1995, Iberesia
Page 101 and 102:
Character List 1. All characters ar
Page 103 and 104:
29 Nemesia carminans 0000100 001010
Page 105 and 106:
47 Nemesia sp.capistrano 1000000 11
Page 107 and 108:
Fig. 19 Strict consensus cladogram
Page 109 and 110:
Fig. 21 Strict consensus cladogram
Page 111 and 112:
Abstract. The presence and origin o
Page 113 and 114:
Material & Methods The material stu
Page 115 and 116:
Ummidia algarve new species Figs. 2
Page 117 and 118:
spines with the exception of one di
Page 119 and 120:
Tar Met Tib Pat Fem Total Palp 2.9
Page 121 and 122:
Variation. Total sizes (BL) in the
Page 123 and 124:
Discussion Simon (1903 pp. 887-888)
Page 125 and 126:
Acknowledgements This study would n
Page 127 and 128:
Abstract The genus Cyrtocarenum Aus
Page 129 and 130:
Doleschall 1871 from Sardinia and o
Page 131 and 132:
Figs.4-7: Methods of measurements.
Page 133 and 134:
Figs. 8-15: 8-9 Right palp tibia, d
Page 135 and 136:
Basal segment dark reddish brown. S
Page 137 and 138:
Measurements: CL=8.1; CW=7.9; SL=6.
Page 139 and 140:
syntopically (sample in the Sencken
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 8 General Conclusions. Rewo
Page 143 and 144:
Material and Methods In order to ev
Page 145 and 146:
genera are classified in the subfam
Page 147 and 148:
Knowledge of possible Saharan and s
Page 156 and 157:
Summary All chapters contained in t
Page 158 and 159:
dieren er een onderkomen gevonden w
Page 160 and 161:
Literature Ager D.V. 1980. The Geol
Page 162 and 163:
Decae A. E. 1983. A preliminary rev
Page 164 and 165:
Hu J. L. & A. H. Li. 1987. The spid
Page 166 and 167:
Platnick N.I. 1976. Drifting Spider
Page 168 and 169:
Wiehle H.1960. Der Embolus des män
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PhD Arthur Decae 2010 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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