PhD Arthur Decae 2010 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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Spermathecae (Fig. 67) tripartite, "hourglass-shape", evenly covered with very thin glandular tissue. Variation (n=6): Females medium sized spiders, B L= 19-21, CL= 6.5-8.0. Carapace, CL/CW = 1.1-1.2, CL/Ca = 1.6, Ch/Th = 1.9-2.5. Clyp = 0.3l-0.36. Eye- formation: AR/PR = 0.96-l.00, AR/El = 1.87-2.14, ALE/ PLE = 1.18-1.38. POP entirely or indistinctly broken between AME. PSPvar: p = 1(2-3); I = 1(2); II = 1(2); III = 2(0-1); IV = 0. Leg IV: F4>T4≥M4. Spinnerets: PMS with two or three fine spigots on apex. Fang-keel: serrated (rarely smooth). Abdominal pattern more or less distinct. Male: unknown. Burrow (Fig. 74): Nemesia ibiza builds a typica1 cork- burrow, with a thick trapdoor that fits within the entrance of the burrow-tube. The depth of the burrow is usually around 12 cm, but may vary between 7-16 cm. The maximum diameter of the trapdoor measured in the field was 1.8 cm, and the diameter of the burrow entrance was 1.75 cm. There are no internal sidediggings, but the burrow may bend in various ways, probably around underground obstacles. Most of the burrows are dug in steep or vertical clay-fillings between natural rock-layers or in constructed stone walls. The silk lining of the burrow is thickest near the burrow-entrance and vanishes completely a few centimeters down the shaft. Indigestible chitin-chips and remains of prey are stored in a compacted package pushed into the lower burrow-wall, or in the burrow-bottom. Identified prey- remains were similar to those found for N. santeulalia. Figs. 68-74: Longitudinal sections of Nemesia burrows showing different tube shapes and types of trapdoors, extent of silk burrow lining (dashed lines), presence or absence of prey remains in pockets associated with the burrows (pr), presence of a second trapdoor (d), and positions in which the spiders were usually encountered during collection. 68 N. brauni (aggressive, ready to attack at burrow bottom); 69 N. bristowei (defensive posture, inactive at burrow bottom); 70 N. randa (defensive posture, inactive at burrow bottom); 71 N. santeugenia (halfway up burrow ready to escape); 72 N. seldeni (halfway up burrow ready to escape); 73 N. santeulalia (hiding in side branch); 74 N. ibiza (aggressive, ready to attack at burrow bottom). Arrows indicate opening direction of trapdoors. Scale line = 1cm.
Behavior: Some spiders were found to be active during daylight hours, lying in wait for prey behind a cracked-open trapdoor. Generally however, N. ibiza only becomes active at dusk, when the spiders come to the entrance of the burrow to lie in wait for prey passing near to the burrow, as do virtually all other trapdoor spiders. Nemesia ibiza seems to defend its burrow somewhat more actively, by pulling the door closed when it is disturbed, than is the case in N. santeulalia. Although both species show this behavior as a reaction to attempts to open the trapdoor from the outside, this "door-holding" was rarely observed in the latter species and virtually always in N. ibiza. Distribution (Fig. 85): Nemesia ibiza was widely and commonly found on Ibiza. It appeared to be rarer on Formentera where it was found only in association with clay-fillings in stone walls. Figs 75-78 Different ambush positions of Majorcan Nemesia species. 75 N. brauni; 76 N. bristowei, 77 N. seldeni; 78 N. randa. Discussion Excluding the four species (see introduction) from China, Mozambique, Afghanistan and Cuba listed in Platnick 2003, which on biogeographical grounds are unlikely to be members of the genus, Nemesia is distributed in a rather restricted geographical area in southern Europe and in Africa north of the Sahara (Chapter 2 Fig. 5). In this relatively small distribution zone, about fifty different species are currently recognized. Many, if not all, of these species appear to be local endemics. Several observations may support this view of Nemesia being a regionally distributed genus composed of numerous locally endemic species both on islands and in continental regions.
Page 1 and 2: Diversity and distribution of mygal
Page 3 and 4: Voor Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT Ik heb je
Page 5 and 6: Contents (page numbers and running
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 General introduction. Art
Page 9 and 10: diversity (Penney et. al. 2003) all
Page 11 and 12: Recently the Mediterranean has acqu
Page 13 and 14: 2. The African-Arabic Continent Aro
Page 15 and 16: Mediterranean. Recently a very dive
Page 17 and 18: The funnel-web spiders of the famil
Page 19 and 20: Coyle (1981) also negates the commo
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Trapdoor spiders of the g
Page 23 and 24: The questions of whether these spec
Page 25 and 26: Genus Nemesia Audouin, 1826 Nemesia
Page 27 and 28: parts as in N. santeugenia (Fig. 46
Page 29 and 30: 1.01-1.08, more than twice as wide
Page 31 and 32: and femora; all metatarsi and tibia
Page 33 and 34: The "teeth" on the edge of the door
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 33-39: Nemesia randa sp. n., f
Page 37 and 38: santeulalia), the broken POP in the
Page 39 and 40: urrow runs almost vertically into t
Page 41 and 42: Variation (n= 6): Adult females sma
Page 43 and 44: Figs. 54-60 Nemesia santeulalia sp.
Page 45: Figs. 61-67: Nemesia ibiza sp. n.,
Page 49 and 50: Figs 79-82 Trapdoors of Majorcan Ne
Page 51 and 52: urrow by N. santeugenia. Based on t
Page 53 and 54: Abstract The occurrence of the trap
Page 55 and 56: Distribution of species. Although o
Page 57 and 58: Patellar spine formulae. PSPvar (n=
Page 59 and 60: Patellar spine formulae. PSP [p=0-0
Page 61 and 62: PMS reduced digitiform. PLS spigots
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 45 with Blasco 1986 p.346 Fig.
Page 65 and 66: the northern-most parts of the coun
Page 67 and 68: also in Catalonia (type locality ea
Page 69 and 70: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figs. 1-
Page 71 and 72: 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Page 73 and 74: 49 50 51 52 53 54 Figs 49-54 Estima
Page 75 and 76: Abstract A new genus, Iberesia, is
Page 77 and 78: median spinnerets (PMS) and consequ
Page 79 and 80: Carapace: pattern indistinct (Fig.
Page 81 and 82: Iberesia castillana (Frade & Bacela
Page 83 and 84: Bacelar 1931 based on their study o
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 Sub-generic diversity and
Page 87 and 88: precondition for extracting valuabl
Page 89 and 90: Results MDS analysis of full data-s
Page 91 and 92: Brachythele & Raveniola Holonemesia
Page 93 and 94: Holonemesia Simon 1914 (Figs. 3, 5,
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 6 Cladogram of Holonemesia ind
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 12 Geographic distribution of
Page 99 and 100:
Raven & Schwendinger 1995, Iberesia
Page 101 and 102:
Character List 1. All characters ar
Page 103 and 104:
29 Nemesia carminans 0000100 001010
Page 105 and 106:
47 Nemesia sp.capistrano 1000000 11
Page 107 and 108:
Fig. 19 Strict consensus cladogram
Page 109 and 110:
Fig. 21 Strict consensus cladogram
Page 111 and 112:
Abstract. The presence and origin o
Page 113 and 114:
Material & Methods The material stu
Page 115 and 116:
Ummidia algarve new species Figs. 2
Page 117 and 118:
spines with the exception of one di
Page 119 and 120:
Tar Met Tib Pat Fem Total Palp 2.9
Page 121 and 122:
Variation. Total sizes (BL) in the
Page 123 and 124:
Discussion Simon (1903 pp. 887-888)
Page 125 and 126:
Acknowledgements This study would n
Page 127 and 128:
Abstract The genus Cyrtocarenum Aus
Page 129 and 130:
Doleschall 1871 from Sardinia and o
Page 131 and 132:
Figs.4-7: Methods of measurements.
Page 133 and 134:
Figs. 8-15: 8-9 Right palp tibia, d
Page 135 and 136:
Basal segment dark reddish brown. S
Page 137 and 138:
Measurements: CL=8.1; CW=7.9; SL=6.
Page 139 and 140:
syntopically (sample in the Sencken
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 8 General Conclusions. Rewo
Page 143 and 144:
Material and Methods In order to ev
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genera are classified in the subfam
Page 147 and 148:
Knowledge of possible Saharan and s
Page 156 and 157:
Summary All chapters contained in t
Page 158 and 159:
dieren er een onderkomen gevonden w
Page 160 and 161:
Literature Ager D.V. 1980. The Geol
Page 162 and 163:
Decae A. E. 1983. A preliminary rev
Page 164 and 165:
Hu J. L. & A. H. Li. 1987. The spid
Page 166 and 167:
Platnick N.I. 1976. Drifting Spider
Page 168 and 169:
Wiehle H.1960. Der Embolus des män
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PhD Arthur Decae 2010 - Ghent Ecology - Universiteit Gent

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