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354 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 party, be charged with a deliberate encouragement of the Mutinies. Their sympathy with the seamen was sometimes misplaced, but it was inspired by generous motives. And their interference did no mischief at all comparable with that which was done by the secret societies. The difference between their work in the navy and the work of the secret societies is exactly the difference between constitutional opposition and actual treason.
355 CHAPTER XXVI. Summary of the Causes. We are now in a position to bring together the different conclusions that have been reached in this inquiry, and to make a final estimate of the causes that produced the Mutinies. The fact which it is most important to realize is that two sets of causes were working together : a general discontent due to bad conditions of service and ill-treatment ; and political unrest, due to the importation of 44 principles of foreign growth." The two causes reacted on each other ; for the economic grievance was construed as a political injustice, and the desire for political reform was increased by discomfort and unhappiness. And it chanced that those who were most keenly conscious of physical hardship—the landsmen, that is, and particularly the quota-men—were also the most likely to be infected with sedition. We have therefore regarded these men as the authors of the Mutinies, and as the instruments by which the secret societies were able to spread their influence in the fleet. may be well to review the means In the second place, it by which the mutinous spirit was fostered and the revolt organized. We have conjectured that in the secrecy of the forecastle the ringleaders would engage their fellows in discussion of their grievances; and on the days of ship-visiting the debates would be extended throughout the fleet. When the consciousness of injustice had grown intense enough, and indignation had been fanned
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Digitized by the Internet Archive i
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Sherratt & Hughes Publishers to the
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THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 BY CONRA
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So Albion, round her rocky coast, W
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viii PREFACE Almost the whole polit
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x PREFACE Revolutions are commonly
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xii PREFACE choice of this subject
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— xiv CONTENTS CHAPTER VI. THE MU
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— xvi CONTENTS CHAPTER XV. MEASUR
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— — ; xviii CONTENTS Jephson's
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MAPS. Map of Portsmouth and Spithea
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— — — CONTRACTIONS USED IN TH
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4 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 ebb. 1
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6 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 most o
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; 12 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 and
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— 14 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 d
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i6 CHAPTER II. The Outbreak. The fl
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; i8 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 who
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2o THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Monda
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22 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 when
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26 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Their
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— 28 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 S
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30 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 remar
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32 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 morni
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34 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 decid
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36 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 that
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38 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Gardn
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40 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 The c
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42 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 The m
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44 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 women
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CHAPTER IV. Delay and Suspicion. Ev
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THE DUKE OF BEDFORD'S SPEECH 49 dis
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ORDERS OF ist MAY 51 was in clanger
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: A RUMOUR OF SEDITION 53 until the
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FRESH PREPARATIONS 55 ment. But if
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UNREST ON THE ROYAL GEORGE 57 quest
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OUTBREAK AT ST. HELENS 59 and deleg
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LONDON READY FOR RESISTANCE 61 mine
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; OFFICERS IMPRISONED 63 popular wi
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JOHN FLEMING 65 of whom he had a ve
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6; CHAPTER VI. The Mutiny at St. He
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DISMISSAL OF OFFICERS 69 On Sunday
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SEAMEN ON SHORE 71 company, resign
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THE SEAMEN'S BILL PASSED 73 On that
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HOWE AT SPITHEAD 75 proclamation of
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; TERMS OF AGREEMENT 77 the officer
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—, APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS 79 mis
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HOWE AND BRIDPORT 81 with an ample
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LATER DISORDERS 83 were of so littl
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A DISQUIETING RUMOUR 85 the author
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POLICY OF THE ADMIRALTY 87 newspape
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— THE GOVERNMENT 89 held by a man
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RESPONSIBILITY FOR DELAY 91 fresh o
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CHIEF MOVERS OF THE MUTINY 93 maint
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CONDITION OF THE FLEET 95 (viii) De
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. CONDITION OF THE FLEET 97 Terribl
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BOOK III. The Mutiny at the Nore Pa
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02 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 men o
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io 4 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 shi
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io6 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 know
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no THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 The m
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ii2 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 dock
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ii4 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Spit
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n6 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 and v
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nS THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 of ea
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120 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 that
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i22 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 days
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I2 4 CHAPTER XL Richard Parker. It
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126 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 the
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130 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 on t
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132 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 some
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134 CHAPTER XIII. The Period of Neg
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i;,6 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 mot
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138 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 To t
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1 140 THH NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Ad
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— 142 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797
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144 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 But
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i 46 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 It
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; 148 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 to
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150 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 capt
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152 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 hims
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154 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 "app
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156 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 ties
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158 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 a br
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i6o THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 Even
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162 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 sect
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CHAPTER XIV. The North Sea Fleet. A
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A DANGEROUS POLICY 167 which the fa
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DELEGATES FROM THE NORE 169 are ver
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COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE NORE 171 pu
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: ; " ORIGIN OF THE MUTINY 173 The
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DEFECTION OF THE FLEET 175 Montague
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; THE FLEET SAILS TO THE NORE 177 s
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MOTIVES OF THE SEAMEN 179 conscious
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BLOCKADE OF THE THAMES 181 governme
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; EFFECT OF THE BLOCKADE 183 the sa
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PIRACY AND PLUNDER 185 which had st
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VIOLENCE OF THE MUTINEERS 187 It wa
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2 THE MUTINY DEGENERATING 189 enter
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THE ENERGY OF DESPAIR 191 of the mu
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MEASURES OF DEFENCE 193 The instruc
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REMOVAL OF BUOYS AND LIGHTS 195 two
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SIR CHARLES GREY 197 any passage of
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CAVALRY AND POLICE 199 patrolled ;
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; PUBLIC OPINION 201 mercantile cla
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EFFECT ON THE GOVERNMENT 203 vessel
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; MEASURES IN PARLIAMENT 205 of pre
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THE FLEET ISOLATED 207 mutinous sho
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209 CHAPTER XVI. The Decline of the
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EFFECT OF ISOLATION 211 the governm
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THE SEAMEN WAVERING 213 delegate, a
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FRESH ATTEMPT TO NEGOTIATE 215 ment
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LORD NORTHESK'S MISSION 217 given Y
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THE LAST NEGOTIATION 219 ment as wo
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SUPPLIES RUNNING LOW 221 already we
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PLAN OF ESCAPE 223 to cover the rea
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: ESCAPE SERIOUSLY INTENDED 225 be
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THE SIGNAL FOR SAILING 227 When Hoc
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PARKER'S TOUR OF THE FLEET 229 ably
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HARANGUES OF THE DELEGATES 231 Bril
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ESCAPE OF THE LEOPARD 233 delegates
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THE REPULSE FOLLOWS THE LEOPARD 235
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THE COLLAPSE BEGINNING 237 the flee
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— BLUE FLAGS 239 same day that a
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END OF THE MUTINY 241 that the last
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243 CHAPTER XVII. The Sequel of the
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— PARKER'S SURRENDER 245 for his
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: PREPARATIONS FOR COURTS-MARTIAL 2
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PARKER'S RESPONSIBILITY 249 his who
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PUNISHMENT OF RINGLEADERS 251 of ke
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RESULTS OF THE MUTINIES 253 from Sp
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THE LOYAL SHIPS 255 prisons. 1 Perh
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— CAUSES OF FAILURE 257 ment were
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BOOK V. The Grievances of the Seame
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; 262 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 br
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264 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 More
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266 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 meat
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268 CHAPTER XIX. Discipline. A thir
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2 7 o THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 of
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; 272 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 179T it
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; 274 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 th
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276 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1T9T prob
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2 7 S THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 179T de
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280 CHAPTER XX. Other Grievances. A
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282 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 and
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2 284 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 A
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286 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 was
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288 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 the
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2Q0 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 179T barg
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292 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 or b
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294 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 179T fast
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296 THE NAVAL MUTINIES OF 1797 comp
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The characteristic mutinied in CHAP
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ADDRESS TO THE NATION 301 guineas t
Page 329 and 330: 2 DESIRE FOR LIBERTY 303 In additio
Page 331 and 332: 4 1 HOSTILITY TO THE GOVERNMENT 305
Page 333 and 334: — CONTEMPORARY OPINIONS 307 persi
Page 335 and 336: REPORT ON SEDITIOUS SOCIETIES 309 e
Page 337 and 338: INFLUENCE ON LOYAL SEAMEN 311 conte
Page 339 and 340: ORIGIN OF THE MUTINIES 3*3 conjectu
Page 341 and 342: 315 CHAPTER XXIII. The Authors of t
Page 343 and 344: QUOTA-MEN 317 of the ringleaders at
Page 345 and 346: REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE FLEET 319 hi
Page 347 and 348: THOMAS JEPHSON 321 dered when the C
Page 349 and 350: CITIZEN DEAN 323 that he had questi
Page 351 and 352: CHARACTER OF THE SOCIETIES 325 I796
Page 353 and 354: " LACK OF DIRECT EVIDENCE 327 Secre
Page 355 and 356: UNITED IRISHMEN 329 definite, howev
Page 357 and 358: WOLFE TONE'S PROCLAMATION 331 indep
Page 359 and 360: POLICY OF UNITED IRISHMEN 333 issue
Page 361 and 362: VAGUE EXPECTATIONS 335 different fo
Page 363 and 364: WOLFE TONE'S DIARY 337 Marine, mean
Page 365 and 366: FINANCIAL SUPPORT 339 The resources
Page 367 and 368: AN INCIDENT IN PORTSMOUTH 341 betwe
Page 369 and 370: REPORTS FROM A SPY 343 June 10th, '
Page 371 and 372: DISSIPATED EFFORTS 345 were in port
Page 373 and 374: THE MAGISTRATES' REPORT 347 have se
Page 375 and 376: RUMOURS OF SUPPORT 349 encouraged t
Page 377 and 378: WHITBREAD AND THE MUTINEERS 351 Whi
Page 379: 1 VIEWS OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE 35
Page 383 and 384: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS 357
Page 385 and 386: 359 APPENDIX A. DOCUMENTS ILLUSTRAT
Page 387 and 388: PETITIONS 361 slops of every descri
Page 389 and 390: ; PETITIONS 363 therefore beg leave
Page 391 and 392: SPENCER'S DIARY 365 their respectiv
Page 393 and 394: SPENCER'S DIARY 367 them that the p
Page 395 and 396: NEGOTIATIONS IN PORTSMOUTH 369 orde
Page 397 and 398: NEGOTIATIONS IN PORTSMOUTH 371 thei
Page 399 and 400: ; NEGOTIATIONS IN PORTSMOUTH 373 he
Page 401 and 402: NEGOTIATIONS IN PORTSMOUTH 375 incr
Page 403 and 404: ; JOHN FLEMING'S LETTER 377 His int
Page 405 and 406: THE BOARD IN SHEERNESS 379 that hou
Page 407 and 408: THE BOARD IN SHEERNESS 381 9 a.m. I
Page 409 and 410: REPORTS OF A POLITICAL CLUB 383 the
Page 411 and 412: REPORTS OF A POLITICAL CLUB 385 as
Page 413 and 414: — —; SONGS OF THE MUTINEERS 387
Page 415 and 416: SONGS OF THE MUTINEERS 389 Hark the
Page 417 and 418: — 39i APPENDIX B. NOTE ON PARKER'
Page 419 and 420: ; 393 APPENDIX C. LIST OF AUTHORITI
Page 421 and 422: LIST OF AUTHORITIES 395 the Admiral
Page 423: LIST OF AUTHORITIES 397 Robinson, C
Page 427 and 428: ; ; INDEX [Abbreviations : Letters
Page 429 and 430: ; ; INDEX 4°3 Captains, influence
Page 431 and 432:
;; INDEX 405 Sovereign, 76; opinion
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; ; Maria (victualling ship), 184,
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; ; INDEX 409 Petty Officers, attit
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; ; INDEX 4i surgeons, 322, 323. So
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SHEERNESS and THE NORE. ey,Suuthamp
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— — 2 MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PUB
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— — — — MANCHESTER UNIVERSI
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— — — — 6 MANCHESTER UNIVER
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: — —— — MANCHESTER UNIVERS
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MAM HESTER UNIYERSITY PUBLICATIONS
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MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS
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; io MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PUBLICAT
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12 MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIO
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1 4 MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PUBLICATI
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16 MANCHESTEB UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIO
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— W 20 MANCHESTEB UNIVERSITY PUII
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