Annual Report 2000 - WIT

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152 Figure 5: The cloud of events from the 1993 injection experiment at the KTB site together with the ellipsoid representing the permeability tensor looking from the top, south and east, respectively. by courtesy of Micheal Fehler 3 . For 61 hours, 21,600 mÕ of water was injected at a depth of about 3,460 m (House, 1987). The injection occurred through a 20 m openhole interval. No events were recorded in the first 5 hours. In the time span from 30 to 40 hours after the injection only three stations were in operation and therefore, no data was analyzed (Fehler et al., 1998). Registration of seismicity occurred with four geophones. The instruments were deployed in four different boreholes, i.e. in EE-1 at 2,850 m, in EE-3 at 3,300 m, in GT-2B at 2,440 m, in GT-1 at 820 m, in PC-1 at 570 m depth. The stations EE-1, EE-3 and GT-1 were located within the basement rocks and station PC-1 within a cavernous limestone formation, approximately 150 to 200 m above the basement (Block et al., 1994). The accuracy of the earthquake locations was better than Ì¨ÎÎ m. The relative location uncertainty was even brought down to 20 to 30 m (House, 1987). Results The smallest ellipsoid only contains the more compact inner cloud of events (figure 6). The fit looks very good in east view whereas in top view the NE part appears overpronounced which is confirmed by the display in south view. As a comparison, figure 7 shows how the larger, computed ellipsoid encloses almost all points. Thereby, most of the space within the ellipsoid is not filled by events. The size and the shape is due to the outliers making the ellipsoid rounder and more spherical. All ellipsoids have significantly different orientations. The second largest ellipsoid's maximum half-axis strikes SW and 60‚ dips . The other two half-axes reveal a strike of ESE and NNE and a dip 12‚ of 27‚ and , respectively. The smaller ellipsoid has orientations of NW and ENE as well as dips 57‚ of 4‚ and for the smaller half-axes, respectively. The largest half-axis runs SSE and 33‚ dips (for exact values see table 4). The cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system forms a rather compact inner cloud. Around it one finds almost uniformly distributed events (outliers) with no preferential direction. They are responsible for the estimates of the two larger ellipsoids. 3 Geological Engineering Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
…„ƒ Î Î ÍÄÈ‡q ¨ÛÈ;“ Î Î …„ƒ Î Î ÌP¨ÄÈY“ Þ § È‹f Î Î 153 largest ellipsoid medium ellipsoid smallest ellipsoid strike dip strike dip strike dip minimum N350‚ 15‚ N12‚ 27‚ N69‚ 4‚ component medium N87‚ 25‚ N109‚ 12‚ N332‚ 57‚ component maximum N233‚ 61‚ N220‚ 60‚ N161‚ 33‚ component Table 4: Orientations of the principal diffusivities for Fenton Hill. Figure 6: The ellipsoid representing the hydraulic diffusivity tensor shown together with the cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system looking from the top, south and east, respectively. Figure 7: The ellipsoid representing the hydraulic diffusivity tensor shown together with the cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system looking from the top, south and east, respectively. Both ellipsoids correspond to the following estimates of the hydraulic diffusivity tensor ˆ ‰ ˆ ‰ Š ¼ Ì¨Î Å Ò mÒ s Š ¼ Ì¨Î Å Ò mÒ sÈ (15) Again, we revert to the equations (9) and (10) for computing the permeability tensor. Values for the needed poroelastic parameters are gathered from literature (after (Shapiro et al., 1999b)). The fluid viscosity w , i.e., is that of hot water. That makes Î Î Ì § ÈY“ Î Î § Î–È‡q
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Wave Inversion Technology WIT Annua
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Wave Inversion Technology WIT Wave
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Copyright c 2000 by Karlsruhe Unive
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i TABLE OF CONTENTS Reviews: WIT Re
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Wave Inversion Technology, Report N
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3 theory. It relates properties of
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Imaging 5
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8 two hypothetical eigenwave experi
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7 ¢¥£§¦©¨ ; < calculate sear
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7 7 searches ¡ HNJOL for ¢IHNJML
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14 Trace no. 1000 1500 2000 0.5 1.0
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16 CDP number 3100 3000 2900 2800 2
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18 REFERENCES Höcht, G., de Bazela
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20 INVERSION BY MEANS OF CRS ATTRIB
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22 For synthetic data, it is easy t
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— J J J J J J G J - J J G
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· · v 0 B 0 £ & Ä Ã & v
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31 Dürbaum, H., 1954, Zur Bestimmu
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Ã Ø Ì 0 0 Ì 4 0 Ã 0 G ' 4
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0 0 ˜ ” Z ˜ ” Z 4 4
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39 strategy by combining global and
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41 elled data is presented in Figur
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43 0.2 Distance [m] 1000 1500 2000
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45 In Figure 10 we have the optimiz
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47 Gelchinsky, B., 1989, Homeomorph
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§ ¢ ø ø for a paraxial ray, ref
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Œ § … Z ‹ Z § õ ø \ ø §
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54 As stated in Hubral and Krey, 19
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§ ó § 56 sequence. We made tes
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58 precision of the modeled input d
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60 Cohen, J., Hagin, F., and Bleist
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£ 65 The details of the theory inv
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67 of the figure. On both sides, a
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69 (a) (b) Depth (m) 600 800 Depth
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71 Langenberg, K., 1986, Applied in
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È Û Ñ¿ = ¨ Í Ñ>* = ¿ + ð
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g ý g [ ^ â g [ g g g g g â h [
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g § » ¹ [ƒŽ g 79 We now subst
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ê 81 ing was realized by an implem
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ˆ 83 -0.05 -0.1 Amplitude -0.15 -0
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85 on a second-order approximation.
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88 kinematic (related to traveltime
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¨ º Ý È · § À · Á · Á ¼
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° ´ ´ ã ° ¼ ´ ´ þ Ò Ò ¥
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94 1 taper value ksi1 0 ksi2 Figure
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96 0 1 2 3 4 5 Depth [km] CMP [km]
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98 CONCLUSION As a generalization o
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100 weight during the stacking proc
Page 114 and 115: 102 are not illuminated for every o
Page 116 and 117: 104 obtained from Zoeppritz' equati
Page 118 and 119: 106 PreSDM of Porous layer 0.358 re
Page 120 and 121: 108 REFERENCES Gassmann, F., 1951,
Page 122 and 123: 110 et al., 1992), Hanitzsch (1997)
Page 124 and 125: 112 consecutive wavefronts). Howeve
Page 126 and 127: 114 Numerical example We test the W
Page 128 and 129: 116 Versteeg, R., and Grau, G., 199
Page 130 and 131: 118 indicator. To extract elastic p
Page 132 and 133: € b b 120 S where is the position
Page 134 and 135: É É É É 122 The À constant (da
Page 136 and 137: 124 0 Distance [ m ] 1000 2000 3000
Page 138 and 139: 126 Kosloff, D., Sherwood, J., Kore
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Page 142 and 143: 130 penetration distances and a pot
Page 144 and 145: and » ˆ Ö Ö is the scalar hydra
Page 146 and 147: Å éÙó ó ».-.‹œì/-jì¨‹
Page 148 and 149: 136 TRIGGERING FRONTS IN HETEROGENE
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Page 154 and 155: 142 300 250 200 a) eikonal equation
Page 156 and 157: 144 Shapiro, S. A., and Müller, T.
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Page 160 and 161: 148 RESULTS Soultz-sous-Forêts Inv
Page 162 and 163: …„ƒ 150 for the smaller ellips
Page 166 and 167: …„ƒ Î Î ÎÄÈ‹•¨ Î-È
Page 168 and 169: 156 straightforward. The new approa
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Page 172 and 173: 160 1982). There is also the so-cal
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Page 176 and 177: Ï u u ¬ 164 To summarize, we deri
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Page 180 and 181: ø M ã = ã Ù ø ä Ú ã Ù ø
Page 182 and 183: ã Q c ã ä 170 a=10m; std.dev.=8%
Page 184 and 185: 172 Frankel, A., and Clayton, R. W.
Page 186 and 187: 174 It is well-known that inhomogen
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Page 190 and 191: Kneib, 1995 285-6000 superposition
Page 192 and 193: 180 parameter: Hurst coefficient pa
Page 194 and 195: 182 REFERENCES Bourbié, T., Coussy
Page 196 and 197: 184 1999) in multiple fractured med
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Page 202 and 203: 190 Davis, P. M., and Knopoff, L.,
Page 204 and 205: 192 properties from the measured se
Page 206 and 207: 194 discussion of these problems ca
Page 208 and 209: 196 Altogether, close to 260 shotpo
Page 210 and 211: 198 Time (ms) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Page 212 and 213: 200 of groundwater. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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202
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204 the wavefront curvature matrix
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û ò é from ã äñ to ã î§ñ
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é 208 Table 1: Median relative err
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210 Table 2: Median relative errors
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212 CONCLUSIONS We have presented a
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214 PUBLICATIONS Previous results c
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218 weight functions from traveltim
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220 REFERENCES Bleistein, N., 1986,
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226
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228 In this paper, we present a mor
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232 Figure 3: The evolution of a WF
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234 Let us analyze next the computa
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236 CONCLUSIONS We have presented a
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238
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’ Ç r 240 traveltimes, a computa
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Ž Ž Ã Ž 242 Other two approxima
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“ Ã Æ ³ 244 0 0.5 [km] 0 0.5 1
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î r † Û(Û Ü Œ U Ú Ý Ü Û
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248 Ettrich, N., 1998, FD eikonal s
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‹ 256 transport equation. Neverth
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258 tivalued geometrical spreading
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260 .
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262
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ö ô æ º Ò x ¹ v ý ñ
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268 NUMERICAL RESULTS We constructe
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¹ õ ' ' -š' ù ¹ ù ' ' -š
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£ -š' - 272 Ô- —- Figure 6: C
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274 REFERENCES Aldridge, D. F. (199
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276
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278 3. 4. True-amplitude imaging, m
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280 Research Group Hamburg (Gajewsk
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282 Stefan Lüth Robert Patzig Refr
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284 Landmark Graphics Corp. 7409 S.
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286 TotalFinaElf Exploration UK plc
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288 as research assistant at Geoeco
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290 Ingo Koglin is a diploma studen
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292 Matthias Riede received his M.S
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294 Svetlana Soukina received her d
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296 Yonghai Zhang received the Mast
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