Annual Report 2000 - WIT
Annual Report 2000 - WIT Annual Report 2000 - WIT
148 RESULTS Soultz-sous-Forêts Investigations The injection test in 1993 lasted for about 350 hours and fed about mÕ 25,300 of water into the rock. The injected water induced about 18,000 events of which about 9,300 were localized with sufficient accuracy within 400 hours after the start of injection. The data set was provided by courtesy of SOCOMINE. The events occurred in the depth range from 2,000 m to 3,500 m with the injection source assumedly located at 2,920 m. In fact, the injection was conducted between 2,850 and 3,400 m (Cornet, 2000). However, major fluid loss occurred in the interval from 2,850 to 3,000 m which justifies the assumed point source at 2,920 m (Shapiro et al., 2000). The volume of the seismically active rock approximately comprises kmÕ 1,5 . Results The envelope ellipsoid which fits the cloud in the scaled coordinate system best is displayed in figure 1. The ellipsoid is semi-transparent in order to get an idea how well it fits the cloud. As one can see, the ellipsoid extends slightly too far towards S (top view) and apparently does not dip steeply enough (east view). However, generally the fit is quite good for the compact part of the cloud. The computed orientations of the ellipsoid are as follows. The largest component points in NNW-direction and dips with an angle of about 72‚ towards N. The medium component points SSE with a dip angle of 18‚ towards S. The smallest component is about horizontal while pointing ENE (for exact numbers see table 1). Figure 1: The smaller ellipsoid representing the hydraulic diffusivity tensor shown together with the cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system looking from the top, south and east, respectively. An alternative estimate yields an envelope ellipsoid that encloses most of the points. However, as figure 2 reveals, vast areas around the compact cloud remain void. The fit of the cloud is obviously influenced by the upward trending events. This is reflected in different orientations compared to the smaller ellipsoid. Now, the maximum component trends N and dips 60‚ , the medium component S with a dip of 30‚
…„ƒ Î Î ÎÄȆ¨ Ìȇq Î Î …„ƒ …„ƒ …„ƒ Î Î Ìȇq § È‹f Î Î 149 larger ellipsoid smaller ellipsoid strike dip strike dip minimum N272‚ 2‚ N259‚ 0‚ component medium N181‚ 30‚ N169‚ 18‚ component maximum N5‚ 60‚ N351‚ 72‚ component Table 1: Orientations of the principal diffusivities for Soultz. and the smallest component strikes W and is quasi-horizontal (for exact numbers see table 1). Figure 2: The larger ellipsoid representing the hydraulic diffusivity tensor shown together with the cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system looking from the top, south and east, respectively. For both ellipsoids, we computed the following hydraulic diffusivity tensors: ˆ!‰ ˆ!‰ Š ¼ ÌÔÎ Å Ò mÒ s Š ¼ Ì¨Î Å Ò mÒ s (11) Î Î Ì § ÈY“ Î Î ÍÛÈ;“ In order to obtain the permeability tensor we revert to the equations (9) and (10). Log measurements and literature data (Haar et al., 1984) provide the estimates of the necessary parameters (see table 2). The fluid viscosity is that of hot water. w À À€y À¢- ® Ìȇq Œl̨ΠÅ@Ž 0.003 Pa s 49 GPa 2.2 GPa 75 GPa Table 2: Estimates of poroelastic parameters for Soultz. That makes svu _Ìȇ f¼ ̨ΠÇ7Ç Pa and thus, yields the permeability tensors ˆ!‰ ˆ!‰ ΠΠΖȇf “ÛÈ Ì Î Î Î Î “ÛÈ;“ ÍÄÈ § Î Î Š ¼ ̨ÎÛÅ1Ç‘«¢ Ò (12) Š ¼ ̨ÎÛÅ1Ç‘.¢ Ò Î Î ÍÄȇq Î Î Ì’–È Ì
- Page 110 and 111: 98 CONCLUSION As a generalization o
- Page 112 and 113: 100 weight during the stacking proc
- Page 114 and 115: 102 are not illuminated for every o
- Page 116 and 117: 104 obtained from Zoeppritz' equati
- Page 118 and 119: 106 PreSDM of Porous layer 0.358 re
- Page 120 and 121: 108 REFERENCES Gassmann, F., 1951,
- Page 122 and 123: 110 et al., 1992), Hanitzsch (1997)
- Page 124 and 125: 112 consecutive wavefronts). Howeve
- Page 126 and 127: 114 Numerical example We test the W
- Page 128 and 129: 116 Versteeg, R., and Grau, G., 199
- Page 130 and 131: 118 indicator. To extract elastic p
- Page 132 and 133: € b b 120 S where is the position
- Page 134 and 135: É É É É 122 The À constant (da
- Page 136 and 137: 124 0 Distance [ m ] 1000 2000 3000
- Page 138 and 139: 126 Kosloff, D., Sherwood, J., Kore
- Page 140 and 141: 128
- Page 142 and 143: 130 penetration distances and a pot
- Page 144 and 145: and » ˆ Ö Ö is the scalar hydra
- Page 146 and 147: Å éÙó ó ».-.‹œì/-j쨋
- Page 148 and 149: 136 TRIGGERING FRONTS IN HETEROGENE
- Page 150 and 151: Ö ˆ Ö “P£'ˆ é ˆ ó,Lˆ¨
- Page 152 and 153: Ö Ö Ê » Ø Ö » Ö Ê Ê Ê Ö
- Page 154 and 155: 142 300 250 200 a) eikonal equation
- Page 156 and 157: 144 Shapiro, S. A., and Müller, T.
- Page 158 and 159: » i » m ×]Ú ‘Œƒšj'Ÿlk hM
- Page 162 and 163: …„ƒ 150 for the smaller ellips
- Page 164 and 165: 152 Figure 5: The cloud of events f
- Page 166 and 167: …„ƒ Î Î ÎÄÈ‹•¨ Î-È
- Page 168 and 169: 156 straightforward. The new approa
- Page 170 and 171: 158
- Page 172 and 173: 160 1982). There is also the so-cal
- Page 174 and 175: { ³ u ´ ´ ´ ´ -y ›-^œ ´ ´
- Page 176 and 177: Ï u u ¬ 164 To summarize, we deri
- Page 178 and 179: Ý ì á ä é å¤æDçzè ä é
- Page 180 and 181: ø M ã = ã Ù ø ä Ú ã Ù ø
- Page 182 and 183: ã Q c ã ä 170 a=10m; std.dev.=8%
- Page 184 and 185: 172 Frankel, A., and Clayton, R. W.
- Page 186 and 187: 174 It is well-known that inhomogen
- Page 188 and 189: ã ä ä ŸSŸ S ¡S¡ ©©¨¨ æ
- Page 190 and 191: Kneib, 1995 285-6000 superposition
- Page 192 and 193: 180 parameter: Hurst coefficient pa
- Page 194 and 195: 182 REFERENCES Bourbié, T., Coussy
- Page 196 and 197: 184 1999) in multiple fractured med
- Page 198 and 199: ‹œž Ÿ¢¡¤£¦¥ƒ§©¨ ‘
- Page 200 and 201: j jÆÅÇ[È”u j jÎÅÇ[È”uw
- Page 202 and 203: 190 Davis, P. M., and Knopoff, L.,
- Page 204 and 205: 192 properties from the measured se
- Page 206 and 207: 194 discussion of these problems ca
- Page 208 and 209: 196 Altogether, close to 260 shotpo
…„ƒ<br />
Î Î ÎÄȆ¨<br />
Ìȇq Î Î<br />
…„ƒ<br />
…„ƒ<br />
…„ƒ<br />
Î Î Ìȇq<br />
§ È‹f Î Î<br />
149<br />
larger ellipsoid smaller ellipsoid<br />
strike dip strike dip<br />
minimum N272‚ 2‚ N259‚ 0‚<br />
component<br />
medium N181‚ 30‚ N169‚ 18‚<br />
component<br />
maximum N5‚ 60‚ N351‚ 72‚<br />
component<br />
Table 1: Orientations of the principal diffusivities for Soultz.<br />
and the smallest component strikes W and is quasi-horizontal (for exact numbers see<br />
table 1).<br />
Figure 2: The larger ellipsoid representing the hydraulic diffusivity tensor shown together<br />
with the cloud of events in the scaled coordinate system looking from the top,<br />
south and east, respectively.<br />
For both ellipsoids, we computed the following hydraulic diffusivity tensors:<br />
ˆ!‰<br />
ˆ!‰<br />
Š ¼ ÌÔÎ Å Ò mÒ s<br />
Š ¼ Ì¨Î Å Ò mÒ s (11)<br />
Î Î Ì § ÈY“<br />
Î Î ÍÛÈ;“<br />
In order to obtain the permeability tensor we revert to the equations (9) and (10).<br />
Log measurements and literature data (Haar et al., 1984) provide the estimates of the<br />
necessary parameters (see table 2). The fluid viscosity is that of hot water.<br />
w À À€y À¢-<br />
®<br />
Ìȇq Œl̨ΠÅ@Ž 0.003 Pa s 49 GPa 2.2 GPa 75 GPa<br />
Table 2: Estimates of poroelastic parameters for Soultz.<br />
That makes svu<br />
_Ìȇ f¼<br />
̨ΠÇ7Ç Pa and thus, yields the permeability tensors<br />
ˆ!‰<br />
ˆ!‰<br />
ΠΠΖȇf<br />
“ÛÈ Ì Î Î<br />
Î Î “ÛÈ;“<br />
ÍÄÈ § Î Î<br />
Š ¼ ̨ÎÛÅ1Ç‘«¢ Ò (12)<br />
Š ¼ ̨ÎÛÅ1Ç‘.¢ Ò<br />
Î Î ÍÄȇq<br />
Î Î Ì’–È Ì
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