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NUMISMATIC 

CIRCULAR 

March 2010 • Volume CXVIII • Number 1 

A Selection of Milled Silver Coins from an Old Collection 

Contents 

An Official Byzantine Religious Medallion or Amulet? 

S. Bendall 5 

Tis a Mad World at Hoddesdon: John Clark’s 

1668 Halfpenny Robert Thompson 6 

John Ross of Paisley 

An Unrecorded Token Issuer Mike Shaw 7 

Symposium in Early Medieval Coinage 9 

A Hoard of Oval Farthings from Ireland 

Tim Everson 10 

Portraits of Greek Coinage R. J. Eaglen 12 

Semiotics of Celtic Coins VIII – Seeing Past 

the Die-Cutters Robert D. Van Arsdell 13 

Book Reviews 16 

Obituaries 

David Magnay 17 

Ann Elizabeth Johnston 18 

Dr. J. S. “Stoffel” Vogelaar 19

PS1 Victoria (1837-1901), “Una and the Lion” proof set, 1839, Five Pounds - 

with 13 leaves to rear hair fillet, dirige legend and lettered edge - to Farthing 

including Maundy Set (S.PS3), in somewhat ragged case of issue, some very minor marks 

to gold coins and 3d, minor mark on edge of Halfcrown, otherwise as struck with a lovely 

matching tone, unavailable to the market for over 70 years, very rare (15) £52,500

Autographs, Banknotes, Bonds & Shares, Coins, 

Medals, Numismatic Books and Stamps 

AUCTION CALENDAR 

2010 

Stamps 

25/26 February Winter Collector’s Series Sale New York Spink Shreves 

11 March The Alexander Reid Collections of Antigua, Cayman Islands and Ceylon London 1013 

15 April Collector’s Series Sale London 1014 

12 May Important Stamps & Covers of the World London 1016 

19 May The “Alvarado” Collection of New South Wales Diadem and Coin Issues 

in Association with Millennium Philatelic Auctions London 1021 

June (TBC) Stamps & Covers of South East Asia Singapore 1018 

15 July Collector’s Series Sale London 1020 

Autographs 

29/30 March Spring Numismatic Collector’s Series Sale Dallas Spink Smythe 

Banknotes 


14 April Banknotes of the World London 1023 

14/15 May Spring Numismatic Collector’s Series Sale Fort Worth Spink Smythe 

June (TBC) Banknotes of South East Asia Singapore 1019 

30 September Banknotes of the World London 1022 

Bonds and Shares 

2/3 February Bonds & Share Certificates of the World New York Spink Smythe 

29 April Bonds & Share Certificates of the World London 1004 


June Bonds & Share Certificates of the World New York Spink Smythe 

28 October Bonds & Share Certificates of the World London 1007 

Coins 

25 March Ancient, English & Foreign Coins, & Commemorative Medals London 1009 



24 June Ancient, English & Foreign Coins, & Commemorative Medals London 1010 

29/30 September Ancient, English & Foreign Coins, & Commemorative Medals London 1011 

2 December Ancient, English & Foreign Coins, & Commemorative Medals London 1012 

Medals 

22 April Orders, Decorations, Campaign Medals & Militaria London 1005 

22 July Orders, Decorations, Campaign Medals & Militaria London 1006 

25 November Orders, Decorations, Campaign Medals & Militaria London 1008 

The above sale dates are subject to change 

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STANDARD WORKS OF REFERENCE USED 

B/BABELON: Traité des Monnaies Grecques et 

Romaines 

BCV/SEAR: Byzantine Coins and Their Values 

BELL/BELL: Tradesmen’s Tickets and Tokens 

1785–1819 

BHM/BROWN: British Historical 

Medals,1760–1960 

BMC/British Museum Catalogue 

BN/MORRISON: Catalogue des Monnaies Byzantines 

BR/BROOKE: English Coins 

BW/WILLIAMSON’S edition of Boyne: Trade Tokens 

of the Seventeenth Century 

C/COHEN: Monnaies Imperiales, 2e edition 

CNI/Corpus Nummorum Italicorum 

Cr/CRAWFORD: Roman Republican Coinage 

DICKINSON, Michael. 17th Century Tokens of the 

British Isles and Their Values 

D.F./Spink’s Catalogue of British Commemorative 

Medals 1558 to the present day by D. Fearon 

D&F/DOWLE and FINN: The Guide Book to the 

Coinage of Ireland, A.D. 995 to present 

DH/DALTON and HAMER: Provincial Token Coinage 

of the 18th Century 

DO/Dumbarton Oaks Catalogue 

DV/DAVIS: The Nineteenth Century Token Coinage 

ELIAS: The Anglo-Gallic Coins 

EMC/COPE and RAYNER: Standard Catalogue of 

English Milled Coinage 1662–1972 

ESC/English Silver Coinage from 1649 

Fr/The Bronze Coinage of Great Britain 

Gobl/R. GOBL: Sasanian Numismatics 

H/HEAD: Historia Numorum 

Heiss/HEISS: Monnaies Antiques de l’Espagne 

L&S/LINECAR and STONE: English Proof and Pattern 

Crown Size Pieces 1658–1960 

LRBC/CARSON, HILL and KENT: Late Roman Bronze 

Coinage 

Mack/MACK: The Coinage of Ancient Britain 

M./MARSH: The Gold Sovereign 

MCE/Milled Coinage of England 

Mesh/Y. MESHORER: Jewish Coins 

MI/HAWKINS, FRANK and GRUEBER: Medallic 

Illustrations of British History 

Milne/MILNE: Catalogue of Alexandrian Coins 

Mitch/MITCHINER: Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian 

Coinage (9 volumes) 

N/NORTH: English Hammered Coinage (2 volumes) 

P/PECK: English Copper, Tin and Bronze Coins in the 

British Museum, 1558–1958 

Parsons/PARSONS: The Coinage of British Africa 

Pr/PRIDMORE: The Coinage of the British 

Commonwealth of Nations (4 parts) 

Ratto/Ratto Catalogue, Monnaies Byzantines 

RCV/SEAR: Roman Coins and Their Values 

RIC/Ed. SUTHERLAND and CARSON: The Roman 

Imperial Coinage 

S/SYDENHAM: Coinage of the Roman Republic 

S/(English Coins) Spink Standard Catalogue 

SCBI: Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles 

Sellwood/SELLWOOD: An Introduction to the 

Coinage of Parthia 

SNG ANS/Syllogue Nummorum Graecorum: 

American Numismatic Society 

SNG Cop/Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum: 

Danish National Museum, Copenhagen 

SNG/Sylloge Numorum Graecorum 

SNG v. Aul/Syllogue Nummorum Graecorum: 

Sammlung Hans von Aulock 

St/STEWART: The Scottish Coinage 

VA/VAN ARSDELL: Celtic Coinage of Britain 

W/WITHERS: British Copper Tokens 1811-1820 

WR/WILSON and RASMUSSEN: English Pattern, Trial 

and Proof Coins in Gold 1547-1968 

ABBREVIATIONS 

General 

¡ = Gold ¿ = Silver Æ = Bronze 

WM = White Metal Mm = Mint or initial mark 

Obv = Obverse W = Reverse 

MM = millimetre g = gramme 

mgm = monogram 

Rarity 

R = Rare RR = Very rare RRR = Extremely rare 

RRRR = Highest rarity 

R 1 –R 7 7 also used for 19th and 20th Century 

English Copper Coins and modern pieces from 

1662 

Condition 

FDC = Fleur de coin, mint state 

EF = Extremely Fine 

VF = Very Fine F = Fine f = fair 

M = Moderate P = Poor 

UNC = Uncirculated (Modern Coins) 

VG = Very Good: F+ (Banknote lists) 

Any two of the above may be used in conjunction 

as follows 

F/VF = Obverse Fine, Reverse Very Fine 

VF-EF = General condition between VF and EF 

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The buyer is solely responsible for paying any 

such taxes as charged. 

4 NUMISMATIC CIRCULAR 

Printed in England by Pardy & Son (Printers) Ltd Parkside, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3SF

The Numismatic Circular Published since 1892 

March 2010 Volume CXVIII Number 1 

Contents 

An Official Byzantine Religious Medallion or Amulet? 

S. Bendall 5 

Tis a Mad World at Hoddesdon: 

John Clark’s 1668 Halfpenny Robert Thompson 6 


An Unrecorded Token Issuer Mike Shaw 7 

Symposium in Early Medieval Coinage 9 


Tim Everson 10 

Portraits of Greek Coinage 

R. J. Eaglen 12 

Semiotics of Celtic Coins VIII – 

Seeing Past the Die-Cutters Robert D. Van Arsdell 13 

Book Reviews 16 

Obituaries 

David Magnay 17 

Ann Elizabeth Johnston 18 

Dr. J. S. “Stoffel” Vogelaar 19 

Our list of numismatic items and books offered for sale 

follows on page 20 

An Official Byzantine Religious Medallion 

or Amulet? 

S. Bendall 

This large, pierced and struck copper amulet or medallion can 

hardly be described as a pseudo-coin but none the less possibly 

has some interest for numismatists. 

Figure 1 

Obv. IC – XC and H CTAV – PACIC (The Crucifiction); Christ on 

cross, which rests on a small platform with a double linear border 

decorated with pellets, flanked by two half length figures of, on l., 

female figure, nimbate, holding a winding sheet (?) and, on r., a 

figure lacking a nimbus, r. hand slightly extended 1 ; crescent and 

globe in upper fields. 

Rev. H ANAC/TACIC (The Resurrection) 2 in two lines in upper r. 

field; Christ advancing l., holding short patriarchal cross in r. 

hand and raising Adam from a seated or crouching position with 

Eve standing behind him; to l. a figure, wearing stemma 

surmounted by a pyramid of three pellets and with trilobate 

pendilia, divitision and chlamys, standing in his tomb gesturing 

towards Christ with both hands. In larger versions of this scene in 

mosaics there are two such figures, Kings David and Solomon 3 . 

Diam. 40 x 47 mm; Wt. 23.01 gm; 

Die axis 6 o’clock (180 degrees). Figure 1. 

Figure 2 

This is not a unique object. Another, unpierced, specimen, 

struck from the same dies as far as can be seen from the engraving 

by which it was illustrated (Figure 2), was acquired and published 

over a century ago by G. Schlumberger 4 . That it lacks certain 

details visible on this new specimen seems to indicate that it was 

possibly not in quite such good condition 5 . Schlumberger did not 

describe this object in any great detail, devoting only nine lines to 

it, merely describing it as unusually large and very beautiful. He 

considered it of the Comnenian period, i.e. of the 12th century 

which is surely correct considering its style and design. Other 

larger depictions of the Resurrection in mosaics differ, sometimes 

considerably, such as that at Daphni where Christ holds a longer 

patriarchal cross while Adam, Eve, Solomon and David are on the 

left of Christ and, on His right, St. John the Baptist with, behind 

him, a number of the ‘Just’ waiting for salvation 6 . The version on 

this medallion, on the other hand, appears somewhat similar to 

the mid-11th century mosaic of the Anastasis in a lunette on the 

east wall of the narthex of Hosios Loukas except that the mosaic 

depicts both Solomon and David, nimbate, while the broken 

remnants of the gates of Hell lie beneath Christ’s feet, a feature 

which, like the figure of Solomon, the flan of this amulet was 

presumably too small to include 7 . 

A feature of slight interest is the form of the pendilia of the 

king’s crown which is trilobate. This form of pendilia does not 

seem to appear on the coinage until the reign of Theodore I 

Lascaris of Nicaea (1204-1222). However, in the mosaics in 

Hosios Loukas and Daphni both Solomon and David have the 

same trilobate pendilia, the form that, inverted, surmounts their 

crowns as trefoils. With a possible Constantinopolitan 

provenance for both specimens, these amulets, by style, can 

hardly be provincial or Palaeologan (since later 13th century 

depictions of the Anastasis show Christ standing between Adam 

and Eve, extending a hand to each) or, by design, Latin. 

Of interest to the numismatist is the superior style and large 

size of this amulet, the fact that both specimens seem to have been 

struck from the same pair of dies and appear to come from 

Constantinople, all of which suggests to the writer that the 

amulet was an official production. Could they have been 

produced at the Constantinopolitan mint? There are rare lead 

seals of similar size but their style is not so fine and the dies for the 

multitude of lead seals that exist are cruder and would not have 

MARCH 2010 5

een produced by the mint but presumably by private engravers 

throughout the empire. Who else could have produced this 

amulet? To produce dies and strike medallions/amulets of this size 

and quality possibly required a master engraver and the facilities 

of the mint. The only copper coins of comparable size had been 

folles of Justinian I (527-565) and Constantine IV (668-685). 

There is no sign that these amulets were overstruck on any of 

these earlier folles. Their flans were presumably specially 

produced and are well struck albeit both showing slight signs of 

double striking. 

That such a large amulet or medallion could be struck in the 

12th century might seem unusual but whether produced at the 

mint, as the writer suspects, or by some other workshop, perhaps 

official, it is obvious that it was possible even at such a late date to 

strike a coin-like object as large as and in better style than any 

earlier Byzantine copper coin although, of course, unlike this 

object, coins were generally struck in enormous quantities from 

large numbers of dies which would have been much more 

cursorily engraved. 

Acknowledgement: 

My thanks to Konstantin Olbrich for his help. 

Footnotes: 

1. The figures at the foot of the cross should represent the two Marys, the 

mother of Christ and Mary Magdalene although Schlumbeger’s 

illustration depicts the right hand figure as a male holding a book (the 

Gospels?). 

2. The Anastasis took place in the brief period between Christ’s crucifiction 

and resurrection when he descended to Hell and redeemed Old Testament 

personages. 

3. Since the king on this amulet appears beardless he is presumably David 

as on mosaics Solomon is depicted as bearded. The flan is too small to 

depict both. 

4. ‘Monuments Byzantins Inedits’, Gazette Archeologique, 1883 and 

reprinted in ‘Melanges d’Archeologie Byzantine’, Paris 1895. 

Schlumberger acquired his specimen in Constantinople. Its whereabouts 

is apparently now unknown. It is not in the Bibliotheque Nationale 

which received so much of Schlumberger’s material. The specimen 

published here also seems to have come from Constantinople some 35 

years ago. 

5. The engraving lacks, on the obverse, the IC XC, the platform on which the 

cross stands and the extended hand of the right hand figure who appears 

to be depicted holding a book whereas he or she is actually also possibly 

holding a winding sheet and is thus probably Mary Magdalene. On the 

reverse the king’s crown lacks both its ‘cross’ and pendilia. 

6. C. Diehl, ‘Manuel d’Art Byzantine’, Paris 1910, p. 466, fig. 227. 

7. Diehl, p. 478, fig. 232. The figure of the king is not nimbate on this 

medallion while both Solomon and David are on the mosaics but this can 

hardly mean that it represents a recently deceased Comnenian emperor. 

Tis a Mad World at Hoddesdon: 

John Clark’s 1668 Halfpenny 

Robert Thompson 

In Williamson’s standard catalogue of seventeenth-century 

tokens, under HODDESDON in Hertfordshire, appears the 

following entry 1 . 

126. O. IOHN . CLARKE . AT . THE = Two brewers carrying a 

barrel. 

R. IN . HODSDON . HIS . HALFE . PENNY . I668 (in six 

lines). (Octagonal.) 

‘This name is well known in and about Hoddesdon’. 

That annotation, if intended to support the publication of the 

token in Hertfordshire, was of no value. ‘Clark’ formed the 27th 

commonest surname in England and Wales in 1853, ‘Clark’ and 

‘Clarke’ together the ninth commonest 2 . The surname does not 

support this attribution. Neither can a single find in 2008 by 

someone known to detect around Ashwell and Royston, both in 

Hertfordshire, though about twenty miles north of Hoddesdon 3 . 

Believing him a Hertfordshire issuer, Longman found in the 

Hertfordshire Sessions Rolls a 1662 recognizance for an 

alehouse-keeper named John Clarke concerning unlawful games 

in his house, which does not mention his locality, and a 1690 

recognizance for a John Clark to answer for an assault on a 

colonel of a Dutch regiment quartered at Hoddesdon, which does 

not mention his trade 4 . Many bearers of the name are indexed in 

the volume. 

Williamson’s Hertfordshire 126 was not catalogued by his 

predecessor Boyne. The token’s first appearance seems to be in a 

manuscript addition facing page 113 of an interleaved copy of 

Boyne, once the property of Nathan Heywood (c.1856-1918) 5 . 

He, a Manchester solicitor, is of untarnished reputation 6 . It is 

incomprehensible that Heywood should have recorded the token 

as above, for the Norweb specimen, ex Nott, can be traced back 

through the Hertfordshire collector William Longman 

(Glendining sale 17 July 1957, lot 242), and Messrs Baldwin, to 

Heywood himself, lot 43 in his sale of 22 April 1918. It reads: 

Obv. · IOHN · CLARK · AT · Y E · around Two Brewers 

supporting a barrel on a pole 

Rev. · IN· | HOGSDO N | HIS | HALFE | PENNY | I668 

Coppery, octagonal, 180°. 

Figure 1 

Thus Heywood misspelled the surname, also Y E , and on the 

reverse HOGSDO N was rendered HODSDON [sic!]. This seems to 

be the origin of the mistaken spelling HODSDON, and consequent 

misattribution, in Williamson 1889, unavoidably accepted by 

Seaby 1961 and Dickinson 1986 7 . Correctly read, the token 

should never have been attributed to Hertfordshire. 

Attention needs to focus on the place-name HOGSDO N . There 

is no vowel between G and S to suggest the pronunciation of 

Hoddesdon seen in Hodgesdon (1554), and found in Hodgesden on 

Norweb tokens iii.2225-6. That same pronunciation must lie 

behind HOGESDEN on the token of John Smigersgill, who is 

sufficiently documented in Hertfordshire despite his Yorkshire 

surname 8 . Before universal literacy pronunciation is the 

determinant, and Hoddesdon is not recorded with a 

pronunciation starting Hog... 9 

The spelling HOGSDO N must represent the pronunciation 

(hogzdon), with g as in ‘get’, and its identity must lie somewhere 

other than Hoddesdon. The obvious candidate is Hoxton, in the 

Middlesex parish of Shoreditch, beside the Berwick road (now 

A10). This occurred, for example, as Hochestone in Domesday 

Book, Hogesdon in 1528, Hogsdon in 1546, Hogsden in 1593, 

Hogesdon al. Hoxton in 1625 10 . It was Hoggsdon on Morden’s 1695 

map of Middlesex. The token should be attributed to HOXTON 

(Middlesex, Shoreditch parish). 

One John Clark, Hoxton, and his wife Mary, had a daughter 

Judith baptised at St. Leonard, Shoreditch on 3 July 1674 11 . A 

messuage occupied by ‘Clarke’ in 1676, and sold to John Clarke in 

1680, was afterwards in the occupation of his widow Mary, then 

of Sarah Waxham, and then of Thomas Waxham according to a 

1732 indenture. In 1747 the assignees of Waxham sold the 

Waxham messuage, and another on its south side formerly 

occupied by a Mr Castlefrank, to James Atkinson. The Waxham 

house remained in the Atkinson family until 1894, when it was 

in use as part of the Hoxton House Asylum and known as The 

White House, cf. the 1668 halfpenny of EZEK: | TANNER...AT | 

THE: | WHIT HOVSE | IN | HOXTON 12 . Numbers 46 and 48 

Hoxton Street (since re-numbered 34), occupied chiefly as an 

Infant Welfare Centre, correspond to the surviving Hoxton House 

of two storeys over a basement, with attics lighted by dormer 

windows, the exterior of brick with a plain brick band at first floor 

level: 

6 NUMISMATIC CIRCULAR

‘The date of erection of the latter cannot be ascertained, but was 

certainly later than 1680. The great probability is, therefore, that 

the present premises, the details of which are quite compatible 

with their having been erected in the late 17th or early 18th 

century, are the actual premises occupied by Castlefrank’ 13 . 

To emphasize that the token-issuer’s name is not distinctive, 

three wills, none of them (from the index) prima facie 

relevant, were proved for a John Clarke of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, 

in 1661-1700: 

John Clerke, 1687, his relict Elizabeth renouncing 

administration; 

John Clarke, 1695, administration to relict Judith; 

John Clarke, St. Leonard, Shoreditch, and St. Bartholomew the 

Less, 1695: administration/ will to guardian of son Thomas 

during his minority 14 . 

The issuer’s token at least can be published where it belongs, 

and Hoxton may celebrate with cakes and ale: 

‘As toward the towne mine eye I cast, 

In mingled troopes I might beholde 

Women and men (some yong, some olde) 

Like to a Spring-tide, strongly flowing 

To Hogsdon, not one backward going. 

Out of the Citty rush’d the streame, 

A while (me thought) I did but dreame... 

The Lawyer that in Terme-time takes 

Fat fees, pleades here for Ale and Cakes. 

Doctors, Proctors, Clarkes, Atturneis, 

To Pimlyco make sweattie iourneis.’ 

7. P. Seaby, ‘A guide to the token coinage of the 17th century: 

Hertfordshire’, SCMB (1961), pp. 189-91, 226-9, 267-71 (p. 229); 

M. Dickinson, Seventeenth-century Tokens of the British Isles (London, 

1986), p. 74. 

8. SCBI 43: The Norweb... Tokens... Part III: Hampshire to Lincolnshire 

(London, 1992), no. 2228. 

9. J. E. B. Gover et al., The Place-names of Hertfordshire (Cambridge, 1938), 

pp. 228-9. 

10. J. E. B. Gover et al., The Place-names of Middlesex (Cambridge, 1942), 

p. 146. 

11. Hackney Archives Department: St. Leonard, Shoreditch, parish registers. 

12. Williamson, Middlesex 105; SCMB (1967), pl. 29; publication of Norweb 

specimen forthcoming. 

13. London County Council, Survey of London, vol. VIII: The Parish of St. 

Leonard, Shoreditch (London, 1922), pp. 134-5. 

14. Index to Testamentary Records in the Archdeaconry Court of London ..., 

vol. II, ed. M. Fitch (London, 1985), p. 39. 

15. [Pimlico] Pimlyco, or Runne Red-cap: Tis a mad world at Hogsdon (London, 

1609), sigs. B4b, D1a; reproduced in facsimile with a preface by A. H. 

Bullen (Oxford, 1891), in Antient drolleries, no. 2; this reprinted 

Breinigsville PA, 2009 (Kessinger Publishing’s legacy reprints). 

16. A. D. Mills, A Dictionary of London Place-names (Oxford, 2001), pp. 178-9. 


An Unrecorded Token Issuer 

Mike Shaw 

In his seminal work “Tokens of the Industrial Revolution” 

(published by Spink, 2001), H. E. Manville published the most 

comprehensive study ever undertaken of foreign silver coins 

countermarked for use in Great Britain during the Industrial 

Revolution (c.1787-1828). In this work he described the 

prevailing monetary, economic and social conditions which led to 

the issue of privately countermarked tokens (mainly Spanish 

dollars), the results of his research into the issuers, and 

undertook perhaps his most far-reaching task of all, that of 

recording all known specimens. 

It is a reflection on the thoroughness of his research that since 

this publication, no new issuer of these tokens has hitherto been 

identified. Finally, however, a previously unknown private issuer 

of countermarked dollars has come to light. 

Figure 2 

The Pimlico ale-house in Hoxton Street was the subject of this 

1609 poem which suggested the present title, Pimlyco, or Runne 

Red-Cap: Tis a mad world at Hogsdon 15 (Figure 2). It probably gave 

its name to the better-known Pimlico district of Westminster, and 

itself is now believed to have been transferred from the Pamlico or 

Pamticough Indians who lived near Raleigh’s Roanoke 

settlements in Virginia. Consequently, Pimlico was the first native 

American place-name in England 16 . 

Footnotes: 

1. G. C. Williamson, Trade Tokens issued in the Seventeenth Century (London, 

1889-91), p. 318. 

2. B. Cottle, The Penguin Dictionary of Surnames, 2nd edn. (Harmondsworth, 

1978), p. 92. 

3. Ex inf. Mr Roger Paul, 28.7.08 and 25.10.09. 

4. Hertford County Records: Notes and Extracts from the Sessions Rolls, 1581 

to 1698, Vol. 1, ed. W. J. Hardy (Hertford, 1905), pp. 142, 387; W. 

Longman, ‘Notes on some Hertfordshire issuers of seventeenth-century 

tokens’, NCirc 16 (1907-8), cols. 10457-60. 

5. W. Boyne, Tokens issued in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1858), 

ex Nathan Heywood, property of R. H. Thompson. 

6. H. E. Manville, Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Numismatics 

(London, 2009), p. 132. 

Figure 1 Figure 2 

There recently appeared in commerce a Spanish dollar 

(8 Reales of Ferdinand VII, dated 1813, struck at the Mexico City 

mint with the assay initials J J - Joaquín Dávila Madrid and José 

García Ansaldo). The most obvious feature of this coin, however, 

is that it has been countermarked on the obverse, and the 

countermark has later been obliterated by two strikings of a 

circular grille or “lattice” punch (figure 1). There is a 

corresponding flat area on the reverse (figure 2). Not surprisingly, 

the piece was offered for sale with this described as an unidentified 

and cancelled countermark. 

The cancellation of privately countermarked dollars is a wellknown 

feature of the series as we know it today. Faced with a 

shortage of silver coins, merchants would countermark Spanish 

silver dollars (which were readily available) with a pledge to 

redeem them at a fixed value. However, once in circulation, the 

intrinsic value of such a token was still dependent on its silver 

content, and thus subject to fluctuations in the market price of 

MARCH 2010 7

ullion silver. For long periods this might be relatively stable, but 

during periods of turmoil (notably during wars with France, for 

example) the bullion price might be subject to sharp fluctuations. 

If it fell significantly (eg. with a victory or a declaration of peace), 

the merchant might find himself in the position of being required 

to redeem his token for more than it was now actually worth. This 

he would probably be prepared to do once, but in order to make 

further use of the coin it would then be necessary to invalidate the 

pledge on his countermark, to prevent it being presented to him 

for redemption at a loss for a second time. 

As may be seen from the photograph, it is evident that this 

cancellation has been successful. Certainly there is absolutely no 

identifiable trace of a redemption value, which is normally 

found at the centre of such countermarks. However, with some 

trial rotation and counterbalancing in the hand (which, 

unfortunately, it is obviously not possible to replicate in print), the 

search for the name of a possible issuer did offer some intriguing 

clues in this case. The remains of a name do appear, clockwise, 

from a position beginning at six o’clock of the countermark in 

figure 1. The legible letters of the countermark then appear to be 

Figure 3 

JOHN, with a best reading of ROSS... for the letters following, and 

finally ...SLEY (ideally observed from a combination of angles, but 

discernible from figure 3). There is also evidence below this 

lettering of two concentric circles, containing between them a 

ring of large separated dots (not the more common joined 

beading) which would probably have surrounded the value. The 

reverse carries no evidence of a separate punch (as is sometimes 

the case), only the flattening normally observed from the pressure 

of obverse punching. Comparisons with Manville’s recorded 

issuers give rise to obvious discrepancies in each case which 

prevent a match. However, several token issuers are known from 

Paisley (Manville estimated a dozen), making it the likely place of 

issue. 

The hypothesis for our issuer was thus JOHN ROSS of PAISLEY, 

but the incomplete reading also left scope for a longer name 

(ROSSER, ROSSETTI, ROSSINGTON, ROSSITER, etc.) and/or a 

fuller commercial styling for the business (eg. & CO., & SON(S), 

SR., JR., or a description of his commercial activity). The date of 

its issue could obviously be no earlier than the 1813 date of the 8 

Reales, although neither the coin nor the legible letters of the 

countermark show much wear, perhaps suggesting a short lived 

circulation (this is worth noting, as silver bullion prices dropped 

sharply in 1814 (Napoleon’s first exile) and again in 1815 

(Waterloo), which led to the prompt cancellation of high value 

countermarks by some other token issuers). 

With the generous guidance of the staff at the Paisley Local 

Studies Library, the following information was pieced together. 

Examination of the Paisley Burgess Roll revealed the signature 

of John Ross, manufacturer, Cumberland Court, 24 Causeyside, 

entered on 10th October 1808 (cautioner William Boyd, 

manufacturer). 

The first extant Paisley Trades Directory, for 1810 (by 

Archibald Bell, published by J. Neilson), makes reference to John 

Ross & Co., manufacturer, Cumberland Court, Causeyside (also 

Mrs. Ross, vintner, 24 Causeyside). 

Directories do not exist for every year, but the same entry for 

Mrs. Ross is repeated in the next available directory (1813, 

Gilroy), although this time John Ross himself is absent (this is not 

necessarily significant as such gaps are a feature of sporadic early 

directories, and he does appear in all those following). 

George Ritchie’s directory (July 1820) has John Ross & Co., 

manufacturers, and Mrs. Ross, vintner, both at 24 Causeyside. 

Pigot (1821) includes John Ross Sen., manufacturer of plaid, 

muslins and shawls. 

Robert Biggar (1823) has John Ross Sen. & Co., 

manufacturers, at 24 Causeyside street, also John Ross sen., 

house at 30 Storie Street. However, in 1827 (George Fowler) John 

Ross appears only as John Ross sen., thread manufacturer, house 

30 Storie Street. 

The lack of reference to commercial premises suggested that 

perhaps Ross had retired from his business during the intervening 

period (which coincided with a heavy recession for the cloth 

manufacturing trades), and upon investigation this was 

reinforced by the following advertisement, appearing in the 

Paisley Advertiser (12th May 1827 and 19th May 1827); 

“TO LET. That mill situated in George-street of Paisley, as possessed 

for some time back by Messrs. John Ross Senior & Co., length 40 feet 

by 32 feet within the walls and Three Storeys high with Garretts. 

There is a Steam Engine of Five Horse power, and Great Gearing, fitted 

up on the premises. Entry at Whit-Sunday first. Apply to Mr. John 

Burns, 59 Causeyside, or Mr. Andrew Campbell, 53 Moss-street, 

Paisley.” 

In 1828 (George Fowler) there is another directory entry for 

John Ross sen., thread manufacturer, house 30 Storie Street, and 

he appears again in the 1829-1831 editions, his house now at 31 

Oakshaw Street (but no mention of any business premises). 

Instead, the Paisley Advertiser records his election to the Town 

Council of Paisley on 6th October 1827, as Treasurer on 11th 

October 1828, and successive re-elections as a baillie (10th 

October 1829 - 8th October 1831), and this succession of events 

is also recorded in the annual directories for those years (all 

Fowler). 

On 2nd June 1832 the Paisley Advertiser carried his obituary; 

“Death. Here, on the 27th ult., John Ross Esq., Thread Manufacturer.” 

(He died 27th May 1832). 

It is worth noting that John Ross’s address and trade would 

have made him a neighbour, and possibly a competitor, of 

another countermarked token issuer, J. Muir (Manville 84). 

Manville noted that John Muir, also a manufacturer of shawls and 

plaids, had premises at Cumberland Court, Causeyside, in 1810, 

and apparently at 12 and 32 Causeyside at later dates. Causeyside 

also appears in Manville’s probable or possible addresses for John 

Lang (Manville 76), McGavin & Clarkson (Manville 78), and J. 

McLean (Manville 81). 

The dates, location, type of commercial activity and other 

similarities with known issuers suggest that this John Ross issued 

our newly discovered token. No other contemporary merchant 

with a plausible alternative name was found, so we may surmise 

that the illegible space in the legend of the cancelled countermark 

might easily have accommodated any of & CO., SEN(R)., MFR., as 

found in the directories (or possibly a combination of these). We 

know that Ross was active in commerce 1808-23 at least 

(possibly until 1827), and while the coin date of 1813 gives an 

earliest possible issue date, the lack of other detail, including the 

absence of any legible value, complicates dating the countermark 

more precisely. These details await discovery of a second specimen 

or reliable documentary evidence. 

In a future revision of Manville’s work, John Ross may become 

M 86A. 

Harry Manville was thus prophetic when writing of the Paisley 

countermarks “It appears likely that other issues may have been 

redeemed and melted with no specimens remaining, and new 

ones may yet be discovered” (page 152). 


Symposium in 

Early Medieval 

Coinage 

Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 

Saturday 20 March 2010 

Speakers include: Anna Gannon, Kevin 

Leahy, Catherine Karkov, Rory Naismith, 

Megan Gooch, Lucy Moore, Philip Shaw, 

Wybrand Op den Velde, John Naylor and 

Tony Abramson 

Attendance free of charge. 

For further information contact 

Tony Abramson: 0113 225 0680 

or t.abramson@ntlworld.com 

MARCH 2010 9


Tim Everson 

An old, illegally excavated, hoard of oval farthings has recently been brought to my attention. 

Because of its illegal nature there is a lack of names and dates, but details given to me have the ring 

of veracity. Metal detecting is illegal in the Republic of Ireland but, sometime in the early 1990s, a 

metal detector was being used on the foreshore of Dublin harbour when it came across a group of 

copper coins. These turned out to be about 100 Richmond (and one Lennox) farthings, dating from 

1624 to 1632 and, with one exception, they were all ovals. A group of 24 of these coins was 

recently shown to me. Unfortunately they are the worst condition specimens with corroded edges. 

It seems as though they may have formed the outside of a ‘ball’ of coins, with the ones in the centre 

protected. These tokens are as follows: 

JAMES I 

1. 

Lennox Type 5 E54a, pm Cross patée 1 example 

CHARLES I 

2-5. 

Richmond Type 7b E 113g, pm Cross patée 4 examples 

6. 

Richmond Type 7b As E 113g but with 7 harp strings 1 example 

7. 

Richmond Type 9 E 115b, pm Martlet 1 example 

8. 

Richmond Type 10a E 117a, pm Crescent 1 example 

9-24. 

Richmond Type 10c E 119, pm 9 16 examples 

Apparently these numbers equate with the hoard as a whole. About half the hoard, or 50 pieces 

consisted of pm 9, about 20 of pm Cross patée, and then about half a dozen each of Martlet, 

Millrind and Crescent. The solitary round Richmond had a pm Cross patée, E 71. The James I listed 

here was apparently the only James I in the hoard. 

There are several interesting points to mention here. Firstly the lack of Type 8 and Type 10b. 

In the author’s new classification of this series, I stated (p.39) that there was no evidence for the 

chronology of Middle period Richmond ovals. Given that this is a hoard of reasonable size, and that 

Type 8 is quite common, it would seem that Type 8 had not begun at the time this hoard was lost, 

and that Type 8 should post-date Type 10. The same could perhaps be said for Type 10b post-dating 

Type 10c, but 10b is too rare a piece to be certain of this. Examination of these pieces also 

convinced the author that E 113h and E 115a probably don’t exist, but are misreadings of 

punctuation by the author. The new discovery of a Type 7b with 7 harp strings is interesting. The 

large number of Type 10c with pm 9 in this hoard reminded me of the small hoard of eight 

farthings with pm 9 which I bought in 1996. It seems highly likely to me that they came from this 

same hoard. They were better quality pieces and were obviously the first to be sold off. I have now 

seen eight different pairs of dies for E 119, pm 9 farthings which is perhaps all there were, 

considering these farthings were manufactured in strips vertically. 

This hoard is perhaps the final proof that oval farthings were issued for use in Ireland. Doubts 

raised by Nigel Clark and others, due mainly to who was selling oval farthings and alleged 

provenances, may be entirely due to the illegal removal from Ireland of this comparatively large 

hoard for sale in England. 

The mixture of pms in the hoard would seem to suggest that the farthings might have been on 

the way back out of Ireland to the London Token House when lost, because a fresh delivery would 

surely all have had the same privy mark. Perhaps, however, old stock from the Token House was 

being recycled and sent, along with an issue of the newest pm 9 tokens to Dublin. 100 farthings 

are of course only just over 2 shillings and would only fill a small purse or bag. A delivery to Dublin 

would have been much larger, in a chest perhaps, so maybe just one small bag was dropped during 

unloading. It is such a shame that the hoard was dispersed before it could be properly examined, 

which might have helped more with some of these points. It is to be hoped that the Republic of 

Ireland adopts a Treasure Act similar to England & Wales, which would reward finders of such 

items and therefore encourage them to be declared. Many questions on the use of small change in 

Ireland could then be answered. 

Bibliography 

Everson, T. The Galata Guide to the Farthing Tokens of James I and Charles I: A History and Reclassification. Galata 2007 


JAMES I 

1. 

Lennox Type 5 

CHARLES I 

2. 3. 4. 5. 

Richmond Type 7b 

6. 

Richmond Type7b 

7. 

Richmond Type 9 

8. 

Richmond Type 10a 

9. 10. 11. 12. 

13. 14. 15. 16. 

17. 18. 19. 20. 

21. 22. 23. 24. 

Richmond Type 10c 

MARCH 2010 11

Portraits of Greek Coinage 

R. J. Eaglen 

31 – Clazomenae 

¿ hemidrachm, c.380 – 350 

Obverse 

Figure A 

Reverse 

Figure B 

Obv. Laureate head of Apollo, facing slightly l., with free-flowing 

hair. 

Rev. Swan facing l., arching neck and spreading wings. 

ΑΓΟΛΛΑΣ (magistrate) above and ΚΛ (Clazomenae) below. 

2.08g (13mm), die axis 315°. 

Author’s collection. Ex David Miller, 2004. 

Clazomenae is glimpsed intermittently as a modest star in the 

firmament of the Greek city states. It was one of the twelve cities 

comprising the Ionian League 1 . It was the birthplace of the 

distinguished philosopher Anaxagoras 2 and its athletes enjoyed 

success in the games at Delphi and Olympia 3 . From the late sixth 

century BC it produced distinctive black figure vases and 

impressive painted sarcophagi. Michael Grant mentions that the 

city was also well-known for its fish paste 4 . This is somewhat akin 

to saying that the United States of America is notable for its 

ketchup. 

The city originally developed close to the Gulf of Izmir, some 

twenty miles west of Smyrna 5 . According to Pausanias, at the 

beginning of the fifth century the inhabitants moved to an island 

close by the mainland for fear of Persian invasion. In calmer 

times, Alexander the Great had a 400 yard causeway constructed 

to join the island to the mainland 6 . Neither the barrier of water 

nor the fortifying walls constructed by the Clazomenians were 

proof against their succumbing to domination by Athens or by 

Persia. In the wake of the latter’s defeat at Marathon in 490 7 , the 

city joined the Delian League and for that privilege paid 

increasing tribute to Athens between 454 and 415 8 , culminating 

in a short-lived and ineffectual revolt in 412 9 . However, under the 

King’s Peace of 386, at the end of the Corinthian War waged by 

an unlikely alliance of Athens, Persia and others to thwart the 

expansionist ambitions of Sparta, Clazomenae was consigned to 

Persian rule 10 . This change ushered in a surprising and 

remarkable flowering of mint output at the city. 

Proximity to Lydia as the cradle of coinage resulted in silver 

being struck to the Persian standard at Clazomenae from the late 

sixth century 11 . The obverse showed the forepart of a winged boar, 

flying right and the reverse consisted of a quadripartite incuse 

square. There followed an interruption precipitated by an Ionian 

revolt in 494 against increasing Persian exactions 12 . Between 480 

and 450 the winged boar obverse was revived, now accompanied 

by an incuse square containing a ram’s head or a gorgoneon 13 . 

The coinage introduced after the King’s Peace abandoned the 

earlier imagery for a facing head of Apollo on the obverse and a 

swan with outstretched wings on the reverse, as illustrated in 

Figures A and B 14 . Besides gold staters, silver was struck using the 

Attic standard in tetradrachms, didrachms, drachms and 

hemidrachms 15 . The dies, especially of the rare stater and of the 

tetradrachm, included examples of artistry excelled nowhere else 

in ancient Greece. Some of the tetradrachms were signed by the 

engraver Theodotos, with the words ΦΕΟΔΟΤΟΣ ΕΠΟΕΙ 

(Theodotos made it). Perhaps the finest example of all is that 

shown in Figure C from Berlin (x2) 16 . In contrast with Sicily, 

where the engravers’ signatures usually form a discreet part of 

the design, Theodotos’ name is placed proudly in the field. 

Consequently the word ΕΠΟΕΙ is needed to make it clear that the 

name refers to the engraver rather than a magistrate. Much later, 

this form of words, in Latin, was widely used by artists and 

craftsmen as a merited or occasionally optimistic celebration of 

their work: ‘Isaac Ollivierus fecit’, on a miniature watercolour on 

vellum,1616 17 ; ‘Thos Tompion Londini fecit’, on the dial of a 

longcase clock, c.1675 18 . 

It would be absurd to be tempted into partiality between 

Theodotos’ facing bust dies of Apollo and those of Athena signed 

by Eucleidas 19 or of Arethusa by Cimon 20 at Syracuse, or of Apollo 

by Heracleidas at Camarina 21 , or, indeed, the finest unsigned 

tetradrachms of Helios from Rhodes 22 or of Apollo from 

Amphipolis 23 . Fittingly, Theodotos’ conception of Apollo most 

closely resembles Heracleidas’ portrayal of the same god. 

Heracleidas’ treatment of the hair, however, is quite different, 

more whispy and given body by bold wreathing with laurels. In 

contrast, Theodotos’ Apollo has thicker locks of free-flowing hair 

with less bold laurel leaves. On certain of the dies from 

Amphipolis a strikingly unusual effect is obtained by turning the 

face slightly further towards profile 24 . The facial expression 

achieved with the Berlin obverse die (Figure C) is captivating. 

Although identifiably more human than the facing heads of 

Rhodes, it nevertheless conveys a detachment, serenity and 

introspective profundity setting it apart from mundane 

experience 25 . 

Figure C (x2) 

The superb obverse design is matched by the reverse 

portraying a swan with spread wings (Fig. F below) The image fits 

perfectly within the circle of the flan, the nearly parallel lines of 

the wing feathers contrasting pleasingly with the curves of the 

bird’s head and neck. In comparison, the quadriga on Sicilian 

reverses scores with its appealing detail and sense of movement, 

but inevitably loses something in our eyes because of its 

widespread repeated use 26 . The image of a swan on the coins of 

Clazomenae has been explained in various ways: as an emblem of 

Apollo, because the species was abundant in the region, and, 

more speculatively, because the name of the city recalled the 

bird’s plaintive notes 27 . Apart from Clazomenae, the swan occurs 

on the reverse of coins struck in the mid fourth century at Leucai, 

located at the south of an island in the Gulf about twelve miles to 

the north of Clazomenae 28 . Its appearance there is not surprising 

since the Clazomenians gained control of the island after a 

dispute with Kyme arbitrated by the Delphic oracle 29 . An exotic 

image of a swan also appears on didrachms of Camarina (c.410), 

showing the bird swimming through waves with the nymph 

Camarina on its back 30 . 

Writing in glowing terms of a Theodotos tetradrachm in the 

British Museum, H. J. Berk in 100 Greatest Ancient Coins, has 

speculated that it would command a market value in excess of 

$500,000 31 . And arguably its style and certainly its metal quality 

is inferior to the Berlin specimen. At the other extreme unsigned 

examples of the type in poor condition occasionally appear on the 

market at about 1% of Berk’s figure 32 , but, as the percentage 


difference implies, comparison is irrelevant. Nevertheless, for the 

more modest collector, well executed unsigned dies of smaller 

denominations do come on to the market. Interestingly, even 

Lockett possessed two drachms, five hemidrachms, but no 

tetradrachm 33 and Gulbenkian was happy to purchase four 

drachms and a hemidrachm besides his two tetradrachms 34 . 

To conclude, the hemidrachm illustrated as Figures A and B 

is shown enlarged at Figures E and G, alongside life-size images 

of the Berlin specimen (Figures D and F). Given that the 

hemidrachm only has about one eighth of the metallic content of 

the tetradrachm and a mere quarter of its surface area, it stands 

up bravely to the comparison. 

23. Jenkins, Ancient Greek Coins, 213; GCV 1378 (p.141), illustrated. 

24. GCV 1378. 

26. Other remarkable obverse dies by Theodotos include Gulbenkian 737, 

Jameson 1493 and GCV 4315 (p.397), illustrated, the coin referred to in 

footnote 31 below. Amongst unsigned dies Pozzi 2399 is outstanding, 

with a slender face, copious hair and finely modelled mouth. 

26. See GCV 944 (p.100), illustrated, for an example by Cimon. 

27. Head, Historia Nummorum, p.368. 

28. Atlas, Maps 56 D5, 57 E3. 

29. Poleis, p.1046. 

30. Bunker Hunt, I, 19 June 1990, 80. 

31. H. J. Berk, 100 Greatest Coins (Atlanta, 2008), No.47, p.47. 

32. E.g. CNG Mail Bid Sale 73, 13 September 2006, 321, sold at $4,000, 

against an estimate of $1,000. 

33. Lockett 2270-1, 2272-6. The 43 Sartiges plates of spectacular coins (see 

J. Spring, Ancient Coin Auction Catalogues, 1880 – 1980, entry 487, 

p.190) only includes two hemidrachms from Clazomenae (354-5). 

34. Gulbenkian 735, 738, 740-1; 739; 736-7. Strangely some of these 

pieces fell short of his normal standards of artistic merit. 

Figure D 

Figure E 

Semiotics of Celtic Coins VIII – 

Seeing Past the Die-Cutters 

Robert D. Van Arsdell 

Figure F 

Figure G 

Acknowledgement: 

Figures C, D and F are published with the permission of the 

Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, object 18216497. 

Footnotes: 

1. Heroditus 1. 142.3; M. Grant, A Guide to the Ancient World (London, 

1986), p.173; An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Poleis), edited by 

M. H. Hansen and T. H. Nielsen (Oxford, 2004), p.1076. 

2. The Oxford Classical Dictionary (OCD), 3rd edition revised, edited by 

S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (Oxford, 2003), p.84. 

3. Poleis, p.1077. 

4. Grant, Guide to the Ancient World, p.173. 

5. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World (Atlas), edited by R. Talbert 

(Oxford and Princeton, 2000), Maps 56 D5, 57 E3. 

6. Pausanias 7.3.9. 

7. OCD, p.921. 

8. Poleis, p.1076. 

9. Thucydides 8.14.3, 8.23.6. 

10. OCD, pp.391, 807. 

11. D. R. Sear, Greek Coins and their Values (GCV), II (London, 1979), 3501-2 

(p.326). 

12. B. V. Head, Historia Nummmorum (Oxford, 1911), p.567. 

13. GCV 4309-12 (pp.395,397). 

14. The winged boar survived as a small symbol beneath the swan on staters 

(see G. K. Jenkins, Ancient Greek Coins (London, 1972), 299 (illustration); 

GCV 4313 (p.397). 

15. GCV 4314-9 (p.397). 

16. Berlin. The obverse is finely illustrated (x4) in C. M. Kraay and M. Hirmer, 

Greek Coins (New York), 608, and the reverse (x2), 609. 

17. D. Foskett, Miniatures, Dictionary and Guide (Woodbridge, 1987), p.65. 

18. T. Robinson, The Longcase Clock (Woodbridge, 1981), p.62. 

19. Kraay and Hirmer, Greek Coins, 111 (Plate IV); Jenkins, Ancient Greek 

Coins, 400. 

20. Kraay and Hirmer, Greek Coins, 122; R. J. Eaglen, ‘Portraits of Greek 

Coinage, 4 - Larissa’, NCirc, June 2005, p.173, Figure A; Jenkins, Ancient 

Greek Coins, 418; GCV, I (London, 1978), 944 (p.100), illustrated. 

21. Kraay and Hirmer, Greek Coins, 44 (Plate III); Jenkins, Ancient Greek Coins 

429; GCV 771 (p.81), illustrated. 

22. GCV 5029, 5032 (p.456), illustrated; Jenkins, Ancient Greek Coins, 208. 

See ‘Portraits of Greek Coinage, 29 - Rhodes’, NCirc, September 2009, 

pp.161-2 for later facing heads of Helios. 

Have the die-cutters helped or hindered us in the quest to 

understand the images on Ancient British coins? I have asserted 1 

that the images are propaganda, not art – that they carry coded 

messages from rulers to the people. But these images were created 

by craftspeople, ones who may have injected ideas of their own. 

How do we deal with the complications here? 

A two-step procedure can help. The first step is to determine 

whether the creativity of the die-cutter has caused any confusion. 

Then, if we suspect it has, we can change the semiotic analysis in 

the second step to minimize the effect of that confusion. 

The issue of “confusion” needs some explanation. Surely the 

rulers would take care to see that their messages were translated 

properly onto the coins. However, no ruler would be immune to 

the claim that a die-cutter, using skill and creativity, had “made a 

more forceful statement of the message”. We have to overcome 

two aspects of this creativity when we look at images. 

Artistry 

Semiotics 

Decoration 

Artistry, decoration and semiotics 

Figure 1 

The first is the way the die-cutters used artistry to express 

emotions that increase the impact of the image on the viewer. The 

second is the way they used decoration to modify images or fill up 

empty space to produce a pleasing effect to attract the viewer. 

There is no clear boundary between the two, and each overlaps 

semiotic expression (figure 1). Indeed, a die-cutter may employ 

MARCH 2010 13

oth artistry and decoration on the same image. In general, the 

possibility of decoration should be taken as a caution that not 

every dot, pellet-in-circle motif, sunburst or flower carries some 

deep and complicated semiotic message. 

The most difficult job when appraising British coin imagery is 

to find the Code that links the image with the intended message. 

When artistry and decoration intrude on the semiotics they can 

make it easier to find the Code or they can obscure it entirely, 

depending on the circumstances. 

The biga stater of Cunobeline (figure 2) shows both effects in 

action. In the following analysis I will show how the die-cutter 

has used artistry to make one Code plain to the viewer. Then, on 

the same image, I will show how decoration has made it difficult 

to assess the Code of an Amalgamation Switcher. This confusion 

causes us to find several possible Codes, leaving us to choose the 

most plausible among them. 

The reverse of the biga stater carries a main image of two 

horses and a wheel, usually interpreted as a biga 2 . Cunobeline’s 

name appears below the horses and a large leaf appears above. 

Leaves 

Figure 3 

Cunobeline Biga Stater 

Figure 2 

Cunobeline’s name would be an Amalgamation Switcher 

meaning that he was taking credit for whatever was conveyed by 

the rest of the imagery. 

Taking the biga first, the die-cutter has used artistry to 

enhance the impact of the horses. The image may have been 

adapted from Roman denarii 3 , but the die-cutter has exaggerated 

its appearance. The legs have been abnormally lengthened and 

stretch out from the horses in an unnatural way. The horses are 

straining for speed, adding the connotation of violence to the 

message. This biga isn’t in a parade, it’s in action – and 

Cunobeline is taking credit for that action. Here, the use of 

artistry has helped clarify a Code in which the wheel and horses 

denote a war chariot, with a connotation of military action. We 

need not change our semiotic analysis, because there appears to 

be no confusion about the image. 

The leaf (figure 3), however, is more problematic. Likely an 

Amalgamation Switcher, one immediately suspects it adds the 

connotation of “success”, but the Code may be more complicated 

than that. The difficulty lies in the form of the leaf. It’s an 

elongated, heart-shaped leaf, and one wonders if it denotes a 

specific type of plant, one conveying a message well known in pre- 

Roman Britain. 

In general, heart-shaped leaves are unusual in Celtic imagery. 

Jacobthal 4 mentions an Attic cup imported to the Kleinaspargle in 

Germany, a first century AD Roman potshard from Knorr, and a 

“row-of-hearts” pattern in his gazetteer of images. None of these 

is a convincing pointer to Celtic semiotics. Eluere 5 mentions a 

sculpture of a vine in gold-covered bronze, and Vouga 6 shows a 

heart-shaped leaf on a sword from La Tene. This meager list 

suggests the heart-shaped leaf was not a common symbol in the 

Iron Age anywhere in Europe. 

If an actual plant was intended, a likely one for Britain is 

Clematis Vitalba (Traveller’s Joy or Old Man’s Beard). Syringa 

(Lilac), a post-medieval introduction to Britain, is unlikely. 

Clematis is a climbing shrub that grows aggressively, often 

driving out other species of plants. It’s considered intrusive and 

dangerous to native species in New Zealand. One might jump to 

the conclusion that these traits would be well known in Ancient 

Britain, and suggest that the leaf denotes aggressiveness – that 

Cunobeline had “smothered” his enemies. Such a suggestion, 

while plausible, forces us to project a modern meaning onto a 

2000 year old image. This is even less justified than selecting an 

image from the Bronze Age to suggest a Code for the leaf. To find 

the likely Code, we need to seek evidence closer to the time of the 

coin. 

Clematis is mentioned in Pliny’s Natural History 7 , dedicated to 

the Emperor Titus, and thus written within 75 years of the coin. 

He mentions Clematis primarily for its medicinal uses. One, that of 

“stopping bleeding”, would be appropriate to a military situation. 

He does not suggest that the people in Britain or Gaul attached 

any special significance to the plant. There is nothing about 

Pliny’s description of Clematis that suggests a Code for the coin 

image. This negative evidence, while inconclusive, leaves us with 

the suspicion that the die-cutter has used decoration to “improve” 

the appearance of the coin. He has engraved a heart-shaped leaf 

instead of the type intended by the ruler. 

Two other kinds of leaf may have carried the intended 

message. Pliny mentions Viscum (mistletoe) 8 as a plant that had 

special significance to the Druids. He mentions that it is an 

antidote for poisons. If the Code denoted mistletoe, then the 

intended connotations might include “Druid involvement” and 

“antidote”. This would lead to a second denotation of 

“assassination”, with connotations of “treachery” and “survived 

an assassination attempt”. The image of a mistletoe leaf above the 

horses would have been fairly unattractive. If the die-cutter used 

decoration to change it to a heart-shaped leaf, it would have 

improved the appearance of the coin. 

Alternatively, the intended leaf may have been Laurum 

(laurel). A laurel leaf would also have been unattractive, and we 

may suspect that the die-cutter improved its appearance via 

decoration. Laurel leaves appear on most British staters. Indeed, 

as the images on the earliest British staters became increasingly 

abstract, the laurel wreath on the head of Apollo came to 

dominate. A Code involving the denotation “laurel” and the 

connotations of “accomplishment” or “success” is plausible for 

the image. This would be a case in which both the image and its 

Code had been borrowed from the Greco-Roman world. 

But we are left with the unsatisfactory feeling that the heartshaped 

leaf has been engraved by a die-cutter intent on 

“improving” the image via decoration, but we cannot be sure. 

Some possibilities for Codes are: 


1) The leaf is simply a decoration, has no meaning, and there 

is no Code to find. 

2) The first denotation of the leaf is Clematis but we don’t 

know the Code’s connotations. We might be tempted to 

suggest some based on our modern knowledge of the plant. 

3) The first denotation of the leaf was supposed to be mistletoe 

and the Code’s connotations may involve religious elites and 

treachery. Further Codes may involve an assassination 

attempt and survival. Perhaps, the Druids tried to kill 

Cunobeline or alternatively they may have saved him by 

administering an antidote. 

4) The denotation of the leaf was supposed to be laurel 

and the Code’s connotations involve “success” or 

“accomplishment”. 

Faced with four choices, we can now say that the die-cutter has 

caused confusion. He has confused modern viewers, and he may 

have confused ancient viewers as well. 

At this point we change our semiotic analysis, using the 

concepts of overcoding and undercoding 9 . 

We could overcode the meaning of an image when we have 

some understanding of the situation and the culture of the people 

involved. We believe we know the Code and have identified the 

first denotation and connotations accurately. We then use these to 

suggest second and third denotations and connotations. The 

result is a large, detailed sememe diagram, full of complicated 

meanings. 

We could undercode the meaning when we are unsure of the 

situation and the culture of the people involved. We do not know 

the Code well and can only suggest a possible first denotation and 

one or two connotations. The connotations are best left simple, 

even vague, to assure we are not stepping beyond the bounds 

imposed by our lack of understanding. The result is a small, 

uncomplicated sememe diagram, with only simple or vague 

meanings. The hope is, given time, our understanding will 

improve and allow us to enlarge the diagram. 

Using overcoding and undercoding, we can now choose 

amongst the four Codes for the leaf. 

1) The leaf is simply a decoration. The leaf too large to be a mere 

decoration – it ought to have a semiotic role, acting as an 

Amalgamation Switcher, modifying the meaning of the 

biga. The idea that the leaf is simply a decoration and has no 

meaning is the least likely suggestion. 

2) The leaf is Clematis. Denoting the leaf as Clematis doesn’t 

help our semiotic analysis. We can’t suggest any 

connotations based on evidence from the time of the coin. 

We just don’t have a good enough understanding of the 

situation or the culture of the people. Suggesting 

connotations based on our modern knowledge of the plant 

and then elaborating the sememe diagram further would be 

unjustified overcoding. It is virtually a waste of time to 

assert a denotation for an image without adding a plausible 

set of connotations. Semiotic workers should reject any 

approach that merely gives a denotation for an image, 

because the important part of the message usually lurks 

in the connotations. The test of a semiotic analysis is how 

well the connotations hold up under scrutiny. While 

plausible, the denotation of Clematis should be rejected. 

3) The leaf was supposed to be mistletoe. The denotation mistletoe 

offers the attraction that we have a contemporary 

document offering a plausible set of connotations. Druidic 

involvement and antidotes for poisons are plausible 

connotations for the time. However, we lack a true 

understanding of the situation to assert these connotations 

are correct. Thus, any sememe diagram involving Druids, 

poison and intrigue constitute unjustified overcoding. The 

mistletoe denotation is tantalizing and plausible. But we 

should reject it until we have a better understanding of the 

situation. 

4) The leaf was supposed to be laurel. Laurel offers the attraction 

that earlier Celtic coins have a laurel wreath as a main 

device. The denotation of the leaf as laurel with the 

connotation of “success” or “accomplishment” should have 

been well understood by local people at the time of 

Cunobeline. The image, its denotation and connotations 

would have been borrowed from the contemporary Roman 

semiotics. By using the single, vague connotation of 

“success” we are properly using undercoding in a situation 

where we are unsure of the situation or the culture of the 

people. Of the four denotations, laurel is the simplest and 

most likely choice. The leaf would then be an 

Amalgamation Switcher meaning that Cunobeline’s 

military action had been successful. It is the kind of message 

to be expected on a new ruler’s coinage. 

To complete the analysis we have to appraise the obverse 

image. The CAMVL denotes Camulodunum, with a connotation 

that it is the place of minting or perhaps the Capitol. The double 

row of dots should denote a laurel wreath, with the connotation 

of “success”, and the four heart-shaped leaves should again 

denote laurel with a connotation of “success”. Thus the obverse of 

the coin mimics the message on the reverse. Overall, the message 

of the coin is that Cunobeline has been responsible for a 

successful military action. 

The period 10 B.C. to 10 A.D. has always been a problematic 

one for numismatists, because it is almost impossible to identify 

the British rulers 10 . Usually it has been interpreted as a period of 

unrest, ended by the accession of Cunobeline. The Biga stater, as 

a “victory” issue fits with this interpretation well. This message 

would have especially resonated with the Warrior Elites. However, 

other groups in society may have been persuaded to support 

Cunobeline had he ended a period of strife. 

As an aside, Cunobeline issued later staters on which the laurel 

wreath was replaced by an ear of Barley. Allen 11 suggested the 

barley denotation and offered the connotation that Cunobeline 

and Verica had a rivalry (Verica placed a vine leaf on his coins). 

Hawkes then suggested to Stevens 12 that the barley ear carried the 

connotation that Cunobeline championed British beer while 

Verica championed Roman wine. He suggested the rivalry was 

over a pro-Roman versus anti-Roman stance using beverages as a 

metaphor. One wonders today whether we have enough 

knowledge of the situation and the culture of the people to assert 

these connotations. Should the trio have merely suggested that 

the barley ear carried a connotation like “the wealth of the 

realm”, and thus used undercoding? Or, alternatively, was Allen 

justified in overcoding the sememe to include a rivalry between 

two rulers? Finally, was Hawkes completely unjustified in 

overcoding the sememe further to suggest beverages as a 

metaphor for a political stance? Today, we might re-read the 

ancient authors carefully and reach the conclusion that 

undercoding was the best choice based on our knowledge of the 

situation. But today, we have the benefit of Eco’s writings to help 

us see the issues involved more clearly. It would be 25 years after 

Stevens’ paper appeared that Eco’s “A Theory of Semiotics” was 

published. 

Footnotes: 

1. Van Arsdell, R.D., 2009, Semiotics of Celtic Coins V – It’s Not Art, NCIRC, 

vol. CXVI, p. 194. 

2. Evans, J., 1864, The Coinage of the Ancient Britons, p. 296. 

3. For example, see Grueber, H. A., Coinage of the Roman Republic in the 

British Museum, vol. 3, pl. LIX, number 4. 

4. Jacobthal, P. 1944, Early Celtic Art, pl. 26, pl. 219(c), pl. 344 number 

379. 

5. Eleure, C., 2004, L’Art des Celtes, pl. 304. 

6. Vouga, P. 1923, La Tene, pl. II, no. 3. 

7. Pliny, Natural History, XXIV, 88. 

8. Pliny, Natural History, XVI, 95, and XXIV, 6. 

9. Eco, Umberto, 1976, A Theory of Semiotics, pp. 133 – 136. 

10. For example, see diagram, Allen, D.F., 1944, The Belgic Dynasties of 

Britain and their Coins, Archaeologia, vol. CX, pp. 44 – 45. 

11. IBID, p. 10. 

12. Stevens, C.E. 1951, “Britain Between the Invasions (B.C. 54 – A.D. 43), in 

Aspects of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond” Essays Presented to O.G.S. 

Crawford, p. 342. 

MARCH 2010 15

Book Reviews 

Byzantine Coins in Central Europe between the 5th and 10th 

Century, Ed. Marcin Woloszin, MORAVIA MAGNA, Seria Polona, 

vol III, Krakow, 2009. 684 pp. £60. 

This work publishes 37 papers read at a conference organised 

by the Polish Acadamy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of 

Archaeology of the University of Rzeszov between 23 and 26 

April 2007 although five are represented only by the abstracts 

submitted to the organisers prior to the conference. The five 

speakers were, for some reason, later unable to supply the full 

texts of their spoken papers. These are starred below. 

Of these papers 26 are published in English, 10 in German and 

one in French, but all have a brief summary in English. The 

authors, with few exceptions, are German or eastern European 

scholars. 

The papers are as follows under five general headings (I - V): 

I. Romans, Barbarians, Treasures: Historical Interpretation, The 

International Cooperation. 

1. Tribute und Jahrgelder in fruhmittelalterlichen 

Konigsschatzen als Faktoren der Munzdistribution in 

Ostmitteleuropa. Matthias Hardt. 

2.* A Network for the Study of Coin Finds in Europe. 

Georges Depeyrot. 

II. Late Antiquity: Empire. 

3.* From Aetius to Clovis: An unpublished argenteus struck 

at Trier at the end of the Fifth Century. Francois Planet. 

4. Invictissimus Avtor - An Unusual Series of Baduila 

(Totila): A New Example From Croatia. Zeljko Demo. 

5. Coin Hoards from Late 6th and 7th Century Discovered 

in the Republic of Macedonia. Maja Hadzi-Maneva. 

6.* Single Finds from the 5th Century A.D. in Dobrogea. 

Delia Moisil, Gabriel Talmatchi and Gabriel Custurea. 

7.* Some Guiding Remarks on Byzantine Coin Circulation 

in Dobrogea (6th - 7th C. A. D.). Gabriel Custurea. 

8. La Circulation Monetaire a (L)IBIDA (Scythie Mineure) 

du Ve Siecle au Debut du VIIe Siecle. Mihaela Iacob. 

III. Migration Period. 

9. Ost-und westromische Goldmunzen des 5. 

Jahrhunderts im Karpatenbecken. Peter Prohaszka. 

10. Spatromische und volkwanderungszeitliche 

Munzhorte und andere Munzefunde im Nordlichen 

Karpatenbecken. Eva Kolnikova and Karol Pieta. 

11. Germanic Gold Bracteates from the Hoard in Zagorzyn 

near Kalisz. Aleksander Bursche. 

12. Remarks on the Inflow of Roman Coins into Southern 

Poland in the Second Half of the 4th and in the 5th 

Centuries A.D. Jaroslaw Bodzek. 

13. A Solidus of Theodosius II from Opaka in the context of 

other finds from District Lubaczow dated to AD 5th 

Century. Marcin Piotrowski and Grezgorz Dabrowski. 

14. Der Zufluss von Solidi in die sudlichen Ostseegebiete. 

Renata Ciolek. 

15. Late Roman and Byzantine Coins found in Denmark. 

Helle W. Horsnaes. 

16. Solidus Finds in the Northern Lands. Tuukka Talvio. 

IV. Migration Period: Barbaricum (6th - 7th Century). 

17. Byzantinische Munzen des ausgehenden 5 bis 

beginnenden 8 Jahrhunderts in den ostlichen Regionen 

des Merowingerreiches. Jurg Drauschke. 

18. Der byzantinischen und Karolingischen Fundmunzen 

aus dem osterreichischen Bereich der Avaria - Eine 

Neubearbeitung. Heinz Winter. 

19. Finds of the Early Byzantine Coins of the 6th and the 

7th Century in the Territory of the Czech Republic. Jiri 

Militky. 

20. Finds of Byzantine Coins from the 5th - 10th Century 

from the Southern Part of the Carpathian Basin. Jan 

Hunka. 

21. Antike Munzen in Gebiet der Slowakei aus der Zeit des 

Awarischen Khaganats. Jozef Zabojnik. 

22. Der Fund von Kleinschelken (Siebenburgen, 1856) im 

Licht neuertdeckter Archivdaten. Peter Somogyi. 

23. Face Value or Bullion Value? Early Byzantine Coins 

beyond the Lower Danube Border. Andrei Gandila. 

24. Byzantinische Munzen aus dem 6 - 7 JH in Polen. 

Marcin Woloszyn. 

25. Byzantine Coin Finds from the 6th to the 8th Century 

between Elbe and Oder and their Meaning for 

Settlement History. Felix Biermann. 

26. Byzantine Coins of the 5th - 9th Century and their 

Imitations in the Central and Eastern Ciscaucasus. Yurij 

A. Prokopenko. 

V. Middle Ages. 

27. Coin Finds of Emperor Constantine V Copronymus in 

Southern Croatia. Tomislav Separovic. 

28. The Byzantine Empire and the Territories North of the 

Lower Danube (9th - Early 11th Cent.). The Numismatic 

Evidence. Ernst Oberlander-Tarnoveanu. 

29. Byzantine Coins from the 9th - 10th Century from the 

Czech Republic. Nada Profantova. 

30. The Roman and Byzantine Coins in the Hoard Find 

from Kelc (Czech Republic). Lubos Polansky and Lenka 

Vacinova. 

31. Some Remarks on the Beginnings of the Influx of 

Byzantine Coins into Wielkopolska in the 10th Century. 

Adam Gliksman. 

32. A Gilded Miliaresion from the Excavations in the Market 

Square in Cracow. Maciej Salamon. 

33. Funde byzantinische Munzen in Estland. Ivar Leimus. 

34. A Byzantine Solidus Coin from the Research of B. A. 

Zvizdec’kyj in Iskorosten. Andrei V. Petrauskas. 

35. A Remarkable 10th Century Warrior Burial from the 

Tumulus on the Territory of Prince Volodymyr’s Town 

in Kyiv, Ukraine. Michail M. Ievlev. 

36.* New Facts in the Numismatics of Mediaeval Cherson. 

Eugeny Ja. Turovsky. 

37. From Money-Trade to Barter. Economic 

Transformations in Byzantine Crimea (10th - 13th 

Century). Thomas Bruggemann. 

As can be seen from the titles, the topics are wide-ranging, 

several being quite general such as nos. 7, 9, 17, 22 and 28 while 

others are more specific such as nos. 3, 4, 11, 13, 32 and 34. 

It seems unlikely that this book will appeal to those who merely 

collect by catalogue numbers but for other students of Byzantine 

coins it is surely a book worth adding to their libraries. Most of the 

articles have lengthy bibliographies - in fact the grand total of 

referenced works for all the articles is over 2200. Some, generally 

books such as RIC, DOC and MIB are obviously duplicated but the 

majority of references are to articles which will surely be 

unknown to most of the readers of this review. In addition, for 

those interested in following up any of these topics, the postal and 

e-mail addresses of all the authors appear at the end of their 

papers. 

S.B. 


‘Monete Bizantine di Sicilia’, Marco Anastasi, 2009, 252 pp. £85. 

This book, despite its price, may be useful to those who specialise 

in collecting Byzantine coins struck in Sicily since Spahr is out of 

print and it illustrates some 600 coins. However, it is by no means 

a work of scholarship. The major numismatic works consulted 

are ‘Byzantine Coins and their Values’, the 1930 Ratto catalogue, 

Andreas Sommer’s catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the 

University of Gottingen, Spahr and two recent catalogues of 

Sicilian Byzantine bronze coins by Calciati (2000) and Trivero 

(2006).There is no mention of the catalogues of the coins in DO, 

the BM, the BN, the Barber Institute, Berlin or the Hermitage 

(published by Tolstoi) but only five private Italian collections and 

the ANS. 

The material for this work appears to have been culled from 

trawling the internet – no fewer than 68 dealers’ websites are 

listed. The illustrations have possibly come from the same sources 

and vary in quality. 

There is a brief historical introduction to each reign, 

presumably taken from Ostrogorsky’s history of the Byzantine 

empire since this is the only historical work listed in the sources 

used. The shortcomings of this work can be seen from that 

although Mezezius is mentioned as rebelling on the death of 

Constans II, his coinage, solidi and tremisses are omitted. 

However, there are several coins listed that were unknown to 

Spahr and a number of new varieties (variant legends etc.) of 

several types, mainly gold and not all illustrated. It seems a little 

unnecessary to list 46 countermarked coins of Heraclius not just 

by the form of the countermarks but listing each undertype 

known to the author. 

Since the major catalogues are neither mentioned in the 

bibliography nor used as references it is not surprising that minor 

articles have been overlooked such as that in the Numismatic 

Circular in February 1981 which published the first known 

specimen of S. 1114A; MIB 213 which is illustrated by Hahn and 

is possibly the photo reproduced in this book. Both the author of 

1981 article and Hahn published this coin and other coppers of 

Constans as bearing indictional and not regnal dates and this was 

followed by Seaby’s ‘Byzantine Coins and their Values’. The 

author of this book, while using Seaby’s reference has reverted to 

describing the years of the reign as regnal. 

The book comes with a small insert giving valuations in euros 

for all but the rarest coins. This book is now the major gathering 

of this material available in print. 

S.B. 

Obituaries 

David Magnay 

3rd October 1942 - 3rd September 2009 

David Edgar Magnay, TD, RAPC, a 

very well-known figure in the 

paranumismatic world and a longtime 

expert in the fields of toy and 

model money, died at the Marie 

Curie Hospice, Penarth, on 3 

September 2009 after a short 

illness. He was 66 years old. 

Born on 3 October 1942, 

David spent his early years in the 

UK and Singapore, where his 

Father had been incarcerated in a 

PoW camp after the fall of the city. 

He was educated at Mowden Hall in 

Northumberland and Bryanston and 

joined Lloyds Bank in Southampton at 

the age of 18. His banking career took him all over the UK and I 

first met him when he lived at Laverstock, just outside Salisbury. 

Already a keen collector of coins, especially crowns, David and his 

wife Georgina joined our Society in 1969 and we were sorry to 

lose them from our number when work took him to Chandlers 

Ford, then Tunbridge Wells, West Kirby (where David was senior 

manager of a Liverpool city centre branch) and finally Cardiff, 

where he was the bank’s senior commercial manager. Made 

redundant by the bank in the late 1980s, he and two colleagues 

founded the Business Mortgage Company in Cardiff in 1989, 

from which he retired 11 years ago. 

David also spent a long time - no less than 37 years - in the 

Territorial Army. Joining the Army Emergency Reserve in 

Southampton in 1961 he was told by the recruiting sergeant 

that as ‘you work in the bank, lad, you are therefore in the Royal 

Army Pay Corps.’ Latterly David was paymaster and regional 

administrative officer for 104 Regiment, Royal Artillery, in 

Newport, putting in about 100 days service a year. He was proud 

of his Territorial Decoration, qualifying for the medal after 15 

years and earning three further clasps, each representing a 

further six years’ service. 

Although as a schoolboy David collected stamps, the job with 

Lloyd’s fired an enthusiasm for coins in 1960 which never left 

him. He became a considerable authority on toy coins and model 

money, forming as a consequence a particularly notable 

collection of fractional farthings and Victorian pattern pennies by 

the Birmingham diesinker Joseph Moore (1817-92), which was 

dispersed by DNW in February 1999. In the 1970s and 1980s he 

contributed several articles to the pages of Spink’s Numismatic 

Circular on model money and collaborated extensively with the 

late David de Sola Rogers in the latter’s Toy Coins, published in 

1990. Building on the original series of monographs by Roy 

Hawkins in BNJ from 1960-8, David compiled A Catalogue of 

Advertising Imitation Spade Guineas and Half-Guineas, which 

appeared in 1997; he, along with David Young and Gavin Scott, 

subsequently became the principal collaborators in Bryce 

Neilson’s 2003 Galata publication, A Thousand Guineas, A 

Checklist of Imitation Guineas and their Fractions. David 

attended his first Token Congress in 1987 and in recent years was 

a regular attender, sometimes accompanied by Georgina. 

Apart from coins, David had many other interests. He had been 

a member of lions clubs in Tonbridge, Wallasey and Cowbridge 

and he and Georgina were two of the instigators of the Vale of 

Glamorgan National Trust Association, for which he served as 

treasurer for seven years. He was a founder member and 

subsequent chairman of Vale Probus Club and chairman of 

Cowbridge Allotments Association, even broadcasting on 

horticultural matters for Harlech TV, and had recently served on 

the town council of Cowbridge with Llanbethian. Testifying to the 

high esteem in which he was held locally, over 200 people 

attended his funeral at Holy Cross Church, Cowbridge, on 16 

September. 

David’s wife, Georgina, whom he married in 1965, and their 

triplets, Claire, Andrew and Kate, survive him. 

PETER PRESTON-MORLEY, SECRETARY 

WESSEX NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 

MARCH 2010 17

Ann Elizabeth Johnston 

12th July 1944 - 2nd January 2010 

Ann was born 12 July 1944 in 

Banff, Scotland. Her father, of 

no particular education, was a 

meteorologist in the Royal Air 

Force who took advantage of 

the opportunities available to 

the de-mobbed after the war 

and went on to attain the PhD 

in Physics (UCL), to work on a 

high theoretical level at 

Harwell, and then to turn 

about to teach happily in the 

state school system in Oxford. 

From him, and from her 

Scottish mother, Ann 

absorbed the joy of learning 

and the need for exactitude in 

judgement. 

After an excellent education at Bath High, Ann entered UCL to 

take the degree in Economics: her ever-adventurous mind drew 

her to a kind of study to which she had not been previously 

exposed. She received the degree with First Class Honours, and 

regretted ever after that she had wasted her time on such an 

unprofitable subject. 

A grant to spend a year at the University of Michigan led to an 

introduction to the Classics, and particularly to ancient 

numismatics. Her earliest readings in Babelon’s Traité excited the 

notion that an Ionian issue of Persian staters with a seeming 

shapeless reverse punch actually bore a map of the Maeander 

valley and surrounds: she had discovered the earliest preserved 

map. 

Returning to London, Ann enrolled in the MA programme in 

Economics at U.C. to get the advanced degree. At the end of the 

programme she failed her examinations miserably, having spent 

the whole year reading Herodotus and perfecting her Greek with 

John Barron, and publishing the earliest-map article in the 

Journal of Hellenic Studies (1967). It was just the first of several 

important works of numismatic scholarship to be published over 

a period of 40 years, from the revision of Noe’s two Metapontum 

volumes and the creation of the third and final volume, to Greek 

Imperial Denominations (2007), a masterly study of a subject of 

bottomless difficulty. In between, there appeared several 

important articles and reviews, e.g. her clarification of the 

difficult problem of the identification of the two “Antonini”, 

Caracalla and Elagabalus (ANSMN, 1982), and “Caracalla’s 

Path”, on the coinage of emperor’s visit to Asia Minor in 214/5, a 

professionally exact demonstration as to what could be done with 

numismatic evidence when properly understood (Historia, 1983). 

She was also a contributing author to the publication of the 

excavation coins from Sardis, covering the Greek and Greek 

Imperial. Her reviews are well-known for the exactitude that she 

required of her authors, some of whom thanked her. 

Ann never held an academic post, although she held a 

research fellowship at Clare Hall, her Cambridge University 

college. She worked professionally as an editor and translator, first 

for the Cambridge University Press, later, when she lived in Paris, 

for the Club of Rome, the OECD, several journals, and privately. 

Her interests in art and architecture, in history, in learning were 

boundless. Besides her scholarly publications she contributed to 

studies of the population of Cambridgeshire (“broken down by 

age and sex”); her “Mrs Buttrey’s Guide to the Afternoon Teas of 

East Anglia” (3 editions) was well known to a select public – it 

could not be published because of her trenchant observations on 

some inadequate teas; and at her death she had all but finished a 

Guide to the Trees of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden – 

it will be published posthumously. 

Ann was immensely energetic in both mind and body. No 

exhibition, concert, opera, film, or good book escaped her 

scrutiny. She cooked like a professional and read cookbooks as 

others read novels. She was a rare female member of a group of 

British Alpine hikers which met annually on the continent, and 

was composed entirely of the great and the good. She herself 

hiked whenever possible, finding particular pleasure in the 

scenery and flora of the Swiss Alps, the Czech Republic, and 

Caucasian Georgia. Ann played a vigorous game of tennis until 

no longer able, and was as well an accomplished kayaker. 

In all this activity, in all her life, she made, and kept in touch 

with, innumerable friends, in many countries, both within the 

academy and without. Some she helped to support in their need. 

Ann was married to T. V. Buttrey 1967-1980. She died on 2 

January 2010 at the age of 65 in the Arthur Rank Hospice, 

Cambridge, after eight years of coping intelligently with the 

ravages of mandibular cancer. She left her entire estate to be 

divided among a variety of charities, principally Saving Faces, a 

medical charity dedicated to research in facial surgery, and Clare 

Hall, for an endowment for graduate study in the humane 

disciplines. 

A Bibliography of Works Published by Ann Johnston: 

“The Earliest Preserved Greek Map: A New Ionian Coin Type”, 

in Journal of Hellenic Studies 87 1967, pp. 86-94 

“Maps on Greek Coins of the 4th Century B.C.”, in Imago 

Mundi 25 1971, pp. 75-76 

“New Problems for Old: Konrad Kraft on Die-sharing in Asia 

Minor” (review article on Konrad Kraft, Das System der 

kaiserzeitlichen Münzprägung Kleinasien – Materialen und Entwürfe 

(Berlin, 1972)), in NumChron 134 1974, pp. 203-207 

“The Intermittent Imperials: the Coinages of Lycia, Lycaonia, 

and Pisidia” (review article on Hans von Aulock, Die Münzprägung 

des Gordian III und der Tranquillina in Lykien (Istanbul, 1974); 

Münzen und Städte Lykaoniens (Istanbul, 1976); Münzen und 

StädtePisidiens (Istanbul, 1977)), in NumChron 140 1980, 

pp. 205-211 

“The Greek Coins”, in T.V. Buttrey et al., Greek, Roman and 

Islamic Coins from Sardis, (Cambridge MA, 1981), pp. xiv-xvii, 

1-89 

“Caracalla or Elagabalus? A Case of Unnecessarily Mistaken 

Identity”, in American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 27 

1982, pp. 97-147 

“Die Sharing in Asia Minor: the View from Sardis”, in 

Proceedings of the International Numismatic Convention on Greek 

Imperials = Israel Numismatic Journal 6-7 1982-3, pp. 59-78 

“Caracalla’s Path: the Numismatic Evidence”, in Historia 32.1 

1983, pp. 58-76 

“The Denominational System of the Greek Imperials of Bizye 

in Thrace”, in NumChron 143 1983, pp. 231-239 

“Hierapolis Revisited”, in NumChron 144 1984, pp. 52-80 

“The Coinage of Metapontum, parts 1 and 2” (New York, 

1984) – a re-edition of S. P. Noe’s title = American Numismatic 

Society Notes and Monographs nos. 32 and 47 (2nd edd.) 

“The So-called ‘Pseudo-Autonomous’ Greek Imperials”, in 

American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 30 1985, pp. 89-112 

Review of Rubrecht Ziegler, Städtisches Prestige und kaiserliche 

Politik. Studien zum Festwesen im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. 

(Düsseldorf, 1985), in NumChron 148 1988, p. 240 


Review of E. Levante et al., Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, 

Switzerland I, Levante – Cilicia (Zürich, 1986), in NumChron 148 

1988, pp. 243-4 

“The Bronze Coinage of Metapontum”, in Georges Le Rider 

et al. edd., Kraay-Mørkholm Essay: Numismatic Studies in Memory 

of C.M. Kraay and O. Mørkholm (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1989), 

pp. 121-136 

Review of K. Butcher, Roman Provincial Coins: an Introduction to 

the ‘Greek Imperials’ (London, 1988), in NumChron 149 1989, 

pp. 236-238 

“The Coinage of Metapontum, part 3” (New York, 1990) – 

completing the work begun by S. P. Noe = American Numismatic 

Society Notes and Monographs no. 165 

“La double vie de William Henry Waddington”, in Bulletin de la 

Société Française de Numismatique 49.10 1994 pp. 959-963 

Review of David MacDonald, The Coinage of Aphrodisias 

(London, 1992), in NumChron 154 1994, pp. 306-310 

“Aphrodisias Reconsidered”, in NumChron 155 1995, pp. 43- 

100 

“Greek Imperial Denominations in the Province of Asia”, in 

Johannes Nollé et al, Internationales Kolloquium zur kaiserzeitlichen 

Münzprägung Kleinasiens, 27-30 April 1994 (Milan, 1997), 

pp. 205-221 

“Questions of Survival”, in Richard Ashton and Silvia Hurter 

edd., Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price 

(London, 1998), pp. 155-162 

Review of Michael Matzke and Dietrich Mannsperger, Sylloge 

Nummorum Graecorum Deutschland. Univ. Tübingen 6. Phrygien- 

Kappadokien (Munich, 1998), in NumChron 160 2000 p.385 

“Metapontum”, in N.K. Rutter ed., Historia Numorum 2 I 

(London, 2001), pp. 130-142 

Review of Johannes Nollé, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum 

Deutschland. Pfälzer Privatsammlunger 5, Pisidien und Lykaonien 

(Munich, 1999), in NumChron 161 2001, pp. 368-370 

Review of Wolfgang Szaivert and Claude Daburon, Sylloge 

Nummorum Graecorum Österreich. Sammlung Leypold I, Pontus- 

Lydien (Vienna, 2000), in NumChron 162 2002, pp. 445-449 

Greek Imperial Denominations ca. 200-275: A Study of the Roman 

Provincial Bronze Coinages of Asia Minor (London, 2007) = Royal 

Numismatic Society, Special Publication no. 43 

Review of Christopher Howgego et al. edd., Coinage and Identity 

in the Roman Provinces (Oxford, 2005), in American Journal of 

Archaeology 111 2007, pp. 176-177 

Contribution to W.E. Metcalf ed., The Oxford Handbook of Greek 

and Roman Coinage, in press 

T.V. BUTTREY 

Dr. J. S. “Stoffel” Vogelaar 

It was with great sadness that I 

learned that Stoffel Vogelaar 

had passed away unexpectedly, 

aged sixty, on the 2nd January 

this year. I had not known him 

long; in fact I had known his 

books and coins longer. In 

September 2007, whilst on a 

visit to Spink in London, I was 

able to buy a few books from 

the “Vogelaar Library” that had 

recently been purchased and 

was also given the opportunity 

to inspect his Romano-British 

coins that were being prepared 

for sale. I left that afternoon 

hoping to be able to buy some of 

these coins and wondering who Dr J S Vogelaar was. 

Over the next eighteen months, I managed to acquire a few 

more books from the library and a few coins from the various 

auctions at which they were sold but I still knew very little about 

the man. Then in early 2009, Dr Vogelaar contacted me to ask if I 

would be prepared to write an article about his coin collection. 

Over the next few months we had regular contact, mostly by 

email, mostly about the article but increasingly about the 

Romano-British London Mint coinage that is a particular study 

area of mine. I became used to having Stoffel there – I would 

email him in the morning and the reply would appear later that 

day. Always useful, but also challenging where necessary, backed 

up by his heavily annotated RIC. 

Stoffel was born in a small village, Puttershoek, just south of 

Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where his parents owned a farm. 

He was an only child with a talent for languages, studying Latin 

and Greek, as well as French, German and English, he also 

acquired a basic knowledge of Russian and Spanish. He disliked 

cities and preferred life in the country; having been to Ireland on 

holidays he fell in love with the West of Ireland. Stoffel and his 

wife Ann decided to sell their home in Holland and move to 

Mulranny in 1977. He enjoyed the rural life and kept busy 

reading, writing and extending his knowledge of history and 

economics. In 1980, their daughter Ann was born, and Tom 

three years later. When his father died and left his farm to him, 

Stoffel decided to sell the farm and stay in Ireland, buying a farm 

in Liscarney. 

Stoffel was a great collector, he did not publish, but amassed a 

large collection of Romano-British coinage in its widest sense. The 

backbone of this collection were the coins of the period 287 to 

325 AD; the coins of the breakaway empire of Carausius and 

Allectus and subsequent issues of the Tetrarchies and 

Constantine at the London Mint. He began collecting these coins 

in the 1980’s and managed to combine this interest with another 

passion – computers. Computers were the future, he believed, and 

he quickly became quite expert, using the internet to expand his 

collection and knowledge. He was a member of both the British 

and Royal Numismatic Societies and was appreciated for his 

expert knowledge, advising collectors and dealers alike. Stoffel 

was a quiet, private person though and was happiest at home, 

with his family, books, coins and his computer. 

Following a period of ill-health, Stoffel decided to dispose of his 

numismatic collections and from 2007 to 2009 there was a series 

of sales that will be detailed in the forthcoming article in “The 

Celator” magazine along with the interview conducted with 

Stoffel in the months preceding his death. 

Stoffel had a deep knowledge of Romano-British coinage and it 

is to be regretted that this is no longer available to students of 

these series. It was Stoffel’s dream that, one day, a formal 

catalogue of his collection would be published. That now seems 

unlikely, but as Stoffel said to me, “Never say never”. 

LEE TOONE 

MARCH 2010 19

The Numismatic Circular Published since 1892 

A list of Ancient, British and Foreign Coins, Tokens, Medals and Numismatic Books 

Offered for sale at fixed prices 

Please be aware that payment made by 

VISA or MASTERCARD now carries an additional charge of 2%, 

no surcharge is applied on Debit cards 

Greek Coins 

GK2860 Sicily, Syracuse (c.344-317 BC), Æ Litra, head of Persephone left, 

wreathed with corn, ΣYPAKOΣION, rev. Pegasos flying left, Σ below 

(SNG ANS 527; SNG Cop. 733), dark green patina, unusually fine, about EF 

£400 

GK2855 Lucania, Velia (c.365-350 BC), ¿ Didrachm (7.76g), head of Athena 

left, wearing crested helmet ornamented with gryphon, P behind, 

rev. YEΛHTΩN, lion at bay right, Φ above (Williams 264; Hist. Num. 1284), 

good VF-almost EF £800 

GK2861 Sicily, Syracuse, Hieron II (274-216 BC), ¿ 16 Litrai (13.49g), 

diademed and veiled head of Queen Philistis, wife of Hieron, left, wreath 

behind, rev. BAΣIΛIΣΣAΣΦIΛIΣTIΔOΣ, Nike holding reins of a walking quadriga 

right, Φ above (SNG ANS 874), toned, almost EF £1,275 

GK2856 Sicily, Akragas (c.480 BC), ¿ Didrachm (8.64g), eagle standing right, 

AKPA, rev. crab above female head right (Jenkins, Gela, pl. 37,19), rare, almost 

EF £1,000 

GK2862 Kingdom of Thrace, Saratokos (late 5th cent. BC), ¿ Trihemiobol 

(.67g), youthful male head right, with hair long on neck, rev. ΣAPATOKO round 

large monogram of ΣΔ within incuse square (Youroukova 31-37), scarce, 

about VF £150 

GK2857 Sicily, Akragas (c.240-212 BC), Æ 23mm, laureate head of Zeus right, 

rev. eagle standing facing on thunderbolt, wings spread, head turned right, 

MN. ACILI (cf. SNG ANS 1148), olive-green patina, VF £200 

GK2863 Uncertain Thraco-Macedonian (c.500 BC), ¿ Tetrobol (2.63g), 

horseman right, rev. quadripartite incuse square (SNG ANS 1014), grainy 

surfaces, very rare, good F £200 

GK2858 Sicily, Selinos (c.530-510 BC), ¿ Didrachm (7.66g), selinon leaf, 

rev. incuse square divided into twelve diagonal compartments, four of which 

are raised (cf. SNG ANS 683), well centred on a broad flan, edge smoothed from 

mounting, minor crack in flan, VF £550 

GK2859 Sicily, Syracuse (c.405-400 BC), Æ Hemilitron, head of Arethusa left, 

hair bound with ampyx and sphendone, barley-ear behind, rev. ΣY-PA 

within spokes of wheel, a dolphin in each of the other two quarters 

(SNG ANS 403-410), a very pretty obv. die, almost EF £175 

GK2864 Kingdom of Thrace, Lysimachos (305-281 BC), ¿ Tetradrachm 

(17.15g), Pella, diademed head of Alexander the Great right, with horn of 

Ammon, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAXOY, Athena enthroned left, holding Nike 

crowning king’s name, and leaning left elbow on shield at her side, a spear 

rests behind her, monograms on left and in ex. (Thompson 250), almost EF 

£875 


GK2865 Kingdom of Thrace, Lysimachos (305-281 BC), ¿ Drachm (4.20g), 

Ephesos, diademed head of Alexander the Great right, with horn of Ammon, 

rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAXOY, Athena enthroned left, holding Nike crowning king’s 

name, and leaning left elbow on shield at her side, a spear rests behind her, 

lyre on left, A on throne (Thompson 174), a most attractive portrait, almost 

EF/VF £440 

GK2871 Kingdom of Macedon, Alexander III, the Great (336-323 BC), ¿ 

Tetradrachm (17.11g), Babylon, head of young Herakles right, wearing lion’s 

skin headdress, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, holding eagle 

and sceptre, MI and axe on left, monogram in wreath under throne 

(Price 3753), VF £375 

GK2866 Thracian Islands, Thasos (c.435-411 BC), ¿ Stater (8.80g), naked 

satyr carrying draped, struggling nymph right, rev. quadripartite incuse 

square (SNG Cop. 1017), dark gray tone, VF £450 


Tetradrachm (17.03g), Miletos, c.295-275 BC, head of young Herakles right, 

wearing lion’s skin headdress, rev. AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, holding 

eagle and sceptre, monogram on left (Price 2150), EF £550 

GK2867 Kingdom of Macedon, Philip II (359-336 BC), Æ 18mm, young male 

head (Apollo ?) right, hair bound with taenia, rev. ΦIΛIΠΠOY, jockey on 

galloping horse right, Λ over pellet below (SNG ANS 935), good VF £95 

GK2873 Kingdom of Macedon, Alexander III, the Great (336-323 BC), Æ 

20mm, lifetime issue, head of young Herakles right, wearing lion’s skin 

headdress, rev. AΛEΞANΔPOY, club and bow in case, E below (Price 304), 

large flan, dark brown patina, good VF £120 

GK2868 Kingdom of Macedon, Alexander III, the Great (336-323 BC), ¡ 

Stater (8.52g), Babylon, head of Athena right, wearing triple-crested helmet, 

snake on bowl, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Nike standing left, holding wreath 

and stylis, MI on left, monogram in wreath behind (Price 3748), lustrous, EF 

£2,600 

GK2874 Caria, Chersonesos (c.510-480 BC), ¿ Drachm (5.77g), forepart of 

lion right, jaws open, rev. XEP (?), bucranium, within incuse rectangle 

(cf. Cahn, Knidos, pl.10, 17-20), the reverse legend appears to read ΣAP. A most 

interesting coin, very rare, toned, VF £800 


Tetradrachm (17.26g), Pella, head of young Herakles right, wearing lion’s 

skin headdress, rev. AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, holding eagle and 

sceptre, bee alighting on rose on left (Price 206), of exceptional quality, good 

EF £1,400 

GK2875 Carian Islands, Rhodes (c.125-88 BC), ¿ Hemidrachm (1.34g), radiate 

head of Helios three-quarters facing, turned slightly right, rev. rose with bud 

on right, uncertain symbol (plant?) on left, magistrate ANTAIOC, all in shallow 

incuse square (Jenkins, group D, 86; SNG Finland 664 var.), EF £160 


Tetradrachm (17.29g), Arados, head of young Herakles right, wearing lion’s 

skin headdress, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, holding eagle 

and sceptre, NE monogram in circle on left, Π under throne (Price 3347 var.), 

apparently unrecorded without anchor symbol, good VF £525 

GK2876 Cilicia, Tarsos, Satrap Mazaios (361-334 BC), ¿ Stater (10.79g), Baal 

enthroned left, head facing, holding eagle, ear of corn and bunch of grapes 

in right hand, and a lotus-tipped sceptre in left, Aramaic “Baal tars”, 

rev. lion attacking bull left, Aramaic “Mazdai” above, monogram below 

(SNG France 333; SNG Levante 106), Baal’s head and eagle not fully struck up, 

as often, otherwise very sharp, good EF £750 

MARCH 2010 21

GK2877 Cyprus, Amathos (c.350 BC), ¿ Obol (.49g), lion’s head right, 

rev. forepart of lion right, head turned to face (Amandry 133B.a; BMC -), 

scarce, toned, VF £135 

GK2883 Kingdom of Persia (c.420-375 BC), ¿ Siglos (5.57g), the Great King 

advancing right, holding spear and bow, rev. oblong incuse punch 

(cf. BMC pl. XXV, 26), toned, almost VF £100 

GK2878 Kingdom of Syria, Antiochos IV (175-164 BC), Æ 35mm, Antioch, 

laureate head of Zeus-Sarapis right, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΘEOY EΠIΦANOYΣ, 

eagle standing right on thunderbolt (Seleucid Coins 1413; Svoronos 1416), 

flake of metal from beard, otherwise unusually good, almost EF £395 

GK2884 Kingdom of Parthia, Vardanes I (AD 40-45), ¿ Tetradrachm (14.49g), 

Seleucia Sept. 42, diademed, draped bust left, wart on temple, rev. square 

eight-line legend, Vardanes seated right, receiving palm-branch from Tyche 

standing before him, date ΓNT above (Sellwood 64.10), VF £160 

Ex Peus 11/06, lot 578. 

Ex Auctiones 24, lot 362. 

GK2879 Kingdom of Syria, Antiochos IX (114-95 BC), ¿ Tetradrachm 

(16.24g), Antioch, 110/109 BC, diademed head right with light beard, 

rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ, Athena standing left, holding Nike and 

sceptre, Δ and monogram on left, all within wreath (Seleucid Coins 2366), 

cabinet tone, about EF/good VF £275 

GK2885 Kingdom of Parthia, Vologases I (AD 51-78), ¿ Tetradrachm 

(14.58g), Seleucia, May 52, diademed, draped bust left, rev. square legend, 

Vologases seated left receiving diadem from Tyche standing before him, date 

above (Sellwood 68.7), VF £160 

Ex Peus 31/10/07, lot 352. 

GK2880 Phoenicia, Tyre (c.AD 4-5), ¿ Shekel (14.08g), laureate head of 

Melqarth right, rev. TYP[OY IEPAΣ K]AI AΣYΛOY, eagle standing left, palm-branch 

over far wing, club and date PMΣ on left, KP, pellet and monogram on right 

(cf. BMC 197; ex Siloam hoard), almost EF £395 

GK2886 Indo-Greek Kingdom, Hermaios and Kalliope (c.90-70 BC), ¿ 

Indian-Standard Tetradrachm (9.69g), conjoined diademed and draped busts 

of Hermaios and Kalliope right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ EPMAIOY KAI KAΛΛIOΠHΣ, rev. 

Kharosthi legend, the helmeted king on galloping horse right, spear, bow and 

quiver behind him fastened to horse’s flank, monogram below 

(SNG ANS 1317; Bib. Nat. 1, B), very rare, good metal, VF £1,500 

GK2881 Mesopotamia, Babylon (c. 322-312 BC), ¿ Tetradrachm (16.65g), 

Baal seated left, holding sceptre, rev. lion walking left, Γ above 

(SNG Delepierre 3005), VF £250 

GK2887 Indo-Greek Kingdom, Strato I (c.125-110 BC), Æ “medium” unit, 

draped bust of Herakles right, club over shoulder, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣΣTPATΩNOΣ, 

rev. Nike walking right, holding wreath and palm-branch, control-marks 

in field, Kharosthi legend (SNG ANS 1012; Bib. Nat. 29A), dark patina, 

almost EF £130 

GK2882 Kingdom of Characene, Apodakos (c.110-105 BC), ¿ Tetradrachm 

(15.78g), diademed, bearded head right, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΠOΔAKOY, Herakles 

seated left on rock, holding club on knee, IΣ in ex. (Alram 496 var.), toned, 

very rare, VF £850 

GK2888 Indo-Greek Kingdom, Diomedes (c.95-90 BC), Æ “medium” unit, the 

Dioscuri standing facing, each holding spear, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣΩTHPOΣΔIOMHΔOY, 

rev. humped bull right, control-marks below, Kharosthi legend 

(SNG ANS 1236; Bib. Nat. 10C), dark patina, about EF £160 


Roman Coins 

All struck at Rome, unless otherwise indicated. 

RM4146 Roman Republic (c.211-206 BC), Æ Quadrans, head of young Hercules 

right, wearing lion’s skin headdress, three pellets behind, rev. ROMA above 

prow of galley right, three pellets below (Crawford 56/5; BMC 255; 

RCV 1037), unusually fine, good VF £300 

RM4152 P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (c.50 BC), ¿ Denarius, bare head of 

M. Claudius Marcellus (consul 222 BC) right, triskeles behind, MARCELLINVS, 

rev. M. Claudius Marcellus, togate, carrying trophy into tetrastyle temple of 

Jupiter Feretrius, MARCELLVS COS QVINC (Cr. 439/1; Syd. 1147), the moneyer 

recalls the exploits of his illustrious ancestor, who was consul five times, captured 

Syracuse in 211BC (hence the triskeles on the obv.), and dedicated the spoils he 

took from the Gaulish chieftain Britomartus, who he had slain with his own hands, 

in the pictured temple in 222BC, good VF £650 

RM4147 M. Aburius Geminus (132 BC), ¿ Denarius, helmeted head of Roma 

right, GEM behind, mark of value under chin, rev. Sol in galloping quadriga 

right, holding whip, M. ABVRI below, ROMA in ex. (Cr. 250/1; Syd. 487), EF 

£165 

RM4153 Q. Sicinius and C. Coponius (c.49 BC), ¿ Denarius, diademed head of 

Apollo right, star below, Q. SICINIVS III VIR, rev. lion’s skin on club of Hercules 

between arrow and bow, C. COPONIVS PR. S.C (Cr. 444/1a; Syd 939), cabinet tone, 

EF £385 

RM4148 P. Servilius Rullus (c.100 BC), ¿ Denarius, bust of Minerva left, 

wearing helmet and aegis, RVLLI, rev. Victory in biga right, holding 

palm-branch, P below, P. SERVILI [M F] in ex. (Cr. 328/1; Syd. 601), toned, good VF 

£150 

RM4154 Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (Imperator 47-46 BC), ¿ Denarius, 

Africa, head of Africa right, wearing elephant-scalp headdress, stalk of corn 

before, plough below, Q. METEL SCIPIO IMP, rev. Hercules standing facing, hand on 

hip, leaning on club draped with lion’s skin and set on rock, EPPIVS LEG F C (Cr. 

461/1; Syd 1051; Sear 44), good VF £475 

RM4149 Faustus Cornelius Sulla (c.56 BC), ¿ Denarius, diademed and draped 

bust of Diana right, crescent above, lituus behind, FAVSTVS, rev. Sulla seated 

left, being offered olive-branch by Bocchus, king of Mauretania, kneeling 

right, while Jugurtha, king of Numidia, kneels behind, his hands bound, 

FELIX above (Cr. 426/1; Syd. 879), the moneyer was married to Pompey’s 

daughter and was the son of the dictator Sulla; he records here his father’s hand in 

the surrender of Jugurtha and the submission of Bocchus while acting as Marius’s 

quaestor, toned, almost EF £1,250 

RM4155 Augustus (27 BC-AD 14), ¿ Denarius, moneyer M. Durmius, 

19/18 BC, head of Honos right, with features of Augustus, M. DVRMIVS III VIR 

HONORI, rev. AVGVSTVS CAESAR, Augustus in biga of elephants left, holding 

branch (RIC 128; C. 427), rare, good VF £1,450 

RM4156 Augustus (27 BC-AD 14), Æ Quadrans, 5 BC, garlanded altar, SISENNA 

GALVS III VIR, rev. MESSALLA APRONIVS AAAFF round large S C (RIC 462; C. 425), 

good VF £65 

RM4150 C. Memmius (c.56 BC), ¿ Denarius, head of Ceres right, wreathed 

with corn, C. MEMMI C. F, rev. captive kneeling at foot of trophy of Eastern arms, 

C. MEMMIVS IMPERATOR (Cr. 427/1; Syd. 920), toned, good VF £220 

RM4157 Tiberius (AD 14-37), ¿ Denarius, Lugdunum, laureate head right, 

TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS, rev. PONTIF MAXIM, Livia as Pax seated right, holding 

branch and sceptre (RIC 30; C. 16), about VF £250 

RM4151 C. Memmius (c.56 BC), ¿ Denarius, laureate and bearded head of 

Romulus (Quirinus) right, C. MEMMI C. F –QVIRINVS, rev. MEMMIVS AED. CEREALIA 

PREIMVS FECIT, Ceres seated right, holding torch and corn-ears, a snake at her 

feet (Cr. 427/2; Syd. 921), toned, almost EF £385 

RM4158 Caius (Caligula) (AD 37-41), ¿ Denarius, 40, laureate head right, 

C. CAESAR AVG PON M TR POT III COS III, rev. S P Q R / P P / OB C S within oak-wreath 

(RIC 28; C. 21), part of edge corroded, some deposit, good F-almost VF £350 

MARCH 2010 23

RM4159 Claudius (AD 41-54), Æ As, 42, bare head left, TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M 

TR P IMP P P, rev. CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI, S – C, Constantia standing left in military 

dress, right hand raised, left holding spear (RIC 111; BMC 201), smooth dark 

patina with a dusting of green, almost EF £330 

RM4165 Titus (AD 79-81), Æ 29mm, Judaea, laureate head right, rev. IOVΔAIAΣ 

EAΛΩKYIAΣ (Judaea Capta), trophy between seated captive figure of Judaea and 

shield (BMC 2; Hendin 745), almost VF £150 

RM4160 Galba (AD 68-69), ¿ Denarius, July 68-Jan 69, laureate head right, 

IMP SER GALBA AVG, rev. S P Q R / OB / C S within oak-wreath (RIC 128; C. 287a), 

surfaces lightly porous, strong portrait, about EF £1,500 

RM4166 Trajan (AD 98-117), ¿ Denarius, 114-7, laureate bust right, aegis on 

far shoulder, bare chest showing, IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC, 

rev. PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P S P Q R, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus 

and cornucopia (RIC 333; C. 192), an unusual bust variety, almost EF/VF 

£140 

RM4161 Vitellius (AD 69), ¿ Denarius, bare head right, [A VITE]LLIVS GERMANICVS 

IMP, rev. CONCORDIA PRAETORIANORVM, Concordia seated left, holding patera and 

cornucopia (RIC 66; C. 21), toned, good F £295 

RM4167 Trajan (AD 98-117), Æ Sestertius, 104-111, laureate bust left, with 

drapery on shoulders, chest bare, IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS 

V P P, rev. S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, S C, Trajan on galloping horse right, 

brandishing javelin at a Dacian falling to his knees before him (cf. BMC 838 

and note, and RIC 535; obv. die of Strack 374), a very rare heroic bust variety, 

natural olive-green patina, some minor pitting, VF-good VF £1,600 

RM4162 Vespasian (AD 69-79), ¿ Denarius, 75, laureate head right, IMP CAESAR 

VESPASIANVS AVG, rev. PON MAX TR P COS VI, Pax seated left, holding branch 

(RIC 772; C. 366), about EF £280 

RM4163 Vespasian (AD 69-79), Æ Sestertius, Rome, 71, laureate head right, IMP 

CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III, rev. VICTORIA AVGVSTI, S C, Victory standing 

right, inscribing shield set on palm-tree, her left foot on helmet, Judaea on 

right, seated right, in mournful attitude (RIC, 2nd ed., 221:C. 625), brown 

patina, about extremely fine £3,750 

Ex NAC 27, 12/5/04, lot 354 (SF6500). 

RM4168 Trajan (AD 98-117), Æ Sestertius, Rome, 116, laureate bust right, 

drapery on far shoulder, IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC PARTHICO P M TR P 

COS VI P P, rev. ARMENIA ET MESOPOTAMIA IN POTESTATEM P R REDACTAE, S – C, Trajan 

standing facing, head right, holding spear and parazonium amid the three 

reclining figures of Armenia, Euphrates and Tigris (RIC 642; C. 39), smoothed 

green patina, good VF/VF £550 

RM4164 Vespasian (AD 69-79) and Titus, ¿ Didrachm, Caesarea, 76-77, 

laureate head of Vespasian right, rev. laureate head of Titus right 

(RPC 1650; Metcalf 4; Syd. 102), VF £330 

RM4169 Trajan (AD 98-117), Æ Dupondius, 112-114, radiate, draped bust 

right, rev. DACIA AVGVST, PROVINCIA / S C in ex., Dacia seated left on rock, holding 

legionary eagle, with two children before her, one holding bunch of grapes, 

the other holding corn-ears (RIC 623a; BMC 992), scarce, about VF £230 


RM4170 Hadrian (AD 117-138), ¿ Denarius, 117, laureate, draped and 

cuirassed bust right, IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO OPT AVG GER DAC, rev. PARTHIC DIVI 

TRAIAN AVG F P M TR P COS P P, PA-X, Pax standing left, holding branch and 

cornucopia (RIC 7c; C. 1013), scarce early issue, toned, good VF £200 

RM4175 Faustina Jnr, wife of Marcus Aurelius, ¿ Denarius, struck under 

Antoninus Pius, draped bust right, her hair waved and coiled on back of 

head and bound with band of pearls, FAVSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, rev. PVDICITIA, 

Pudicitia standing left, drawing veil and raising fold of skirt (RIC 507; C. 

176), a charming portrait, minor flan crack, toned, EF £185 

RM4171 Hadrian (AD 117-138), Æ As, laureate head right, drapery on far 

shoulder, HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, rev. COS III, S – C, Minerva walking right, 

brandishing spear and holding shield (RIC 664; BMC 1337), dark brown 

patina, almost EF £320 

RM4176 Septimius Severus (AD 193-211), ¿ Denarius, laureate head right, 

SEVERVS PIVS AVG, rev. COS III P P, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and 

palm-branch (RIC 526; C. 102), EF £100 

RM4177 Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus, ¿ Denarius, draped bust 

right, IVLIA AVGVSTA, rev. PVDICITIA, Pudicitia seated left, right hand on breast, 

left elbow on throne (RIC 576; C. 168), toned, EF £130 

RM4172 Hadrian (AD 117-138), Æ As, 125-128, laureate head right, drapery 

on far shoulder, HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, rev. COS [III], S C, galley left, with rowers, a 

vexillum at prow, and arched cabin at stern (RIC 674 var; BMC 1345 note = 

C. 449), small spots of verdigris, about EF £400 

RM4178 Macrinus (AD 217-218), ¿ Denarius, laureate, draped and cuirassed 

bust right, IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, rev. FELICITAS TEMPORVM, Felicitas 

standing facing, head left, holding long caduceus and cornucopia (RIC 60; 

C. 15), toned, almost EF £175 

RM4173 Hadrian (AD 117-138), Æ Dupondius, laureate head right, HADRIANVS 

AVGVSTVS, rev. CLEMENTIA AVG COS III P P, S – C, Clementia standing left, holding 

patera and sceptre (RIC 714; BMC 1438 var.), smooth dark patina, almost 

EF/good VF £320 

RM4179 Julia Paula, 1st wife of Elagabalus, draped bust right, IVLIA PAVLA AVG, 

rev. VENVS GENETRIX, Venus enthroned left, holding apple and sceptre (RIC 222; 

C. 21), sharp, good EF £295 

RM4174 Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161), Æ Sestertius, 143/4, laureate, draped 

bust right, ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS III, rev. IMPERATOR II, S – C, Victory flying 

right, holding trophy (RIC 717b; BMC 1610-1612 var.; C. 434), Antoninus 

was awarded the title Imperator for the second time after his victories in Britain. 

Most attractive dark green patina, broad flan, EF £3,200 

RM4180 Julia Mamaea, mother of Severus Alexander, Æ Sestertius, diademed, 

draped bust right, IVLIA MAMAEA AVGVSTA, rev. VENERI FELICI, S – C, Venus standing 

right, holding sceptre and Cupid (RIC 694; BMC 190), dark patina, EF/good 

VF £300 

MARCH 2010 25

RM4181 Maximinus (AD 235-238), ¿ Denarius, laureate, draped and 

cuirassed bust right, MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM, rev. FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing 

facing, head left, holding standard in each hand (RIC 18A; C. 9), very broad 

flan, both circles of dots fully within, about EF £100 

RM4187 Aurelian (AD 270-275), Æ Antoninianus, Serdica, radiate, cuirassed 

bust right, IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, rev. IOVI CONSER, Aurelian standing right, holding 

short sceptre, receiving globe from Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre, S in 

ex. (RIC 260; C. 105), well centred on a broad flan, EF £100 

RM4182 Gallienus (AD 253-268), Æ Antoninianus, radiate head right, GALLIENVS 

AVG, rev. VBERITAS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding purse and cornucopia, E 

on right (RIC287 var.; Göbl 583; RSC 1010c), silvered, EF £50 

RM4188 Tacitus (AD275-276), Æ Antoninianus, radiate, draped and cuirassed 

bust right, IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, rev. PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left, 

holding wand over globe, and cornucopia (RIC 92; C. 100), EF £65 

RM4183 Postumus (AD259-268), Æ Antoninianus, Cologne, radiate, draped 

and cuirassed bust right, IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, rev. IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter walking 

left, head turned back, brandishing thunderbolt and holding sceptre 

(RIC 311), an exceptional example, EF £65 

RM4189 Florian (AD 276), Æ Antoninianus, Cyzicus (?), radiate, draped and 

cuirassed bust right, IMP C M ANNIVS FLORIANVS AVG, rev. CONCORDIA MILITVM, 

Victory standing right, holding palm-branch and raising wreath towards 

head of Florian standing left before her in military dress, holding sceptre, S in 

ex. (cf. RIC 114 for obv., but gold, and 116 for rev.), about EF £140 

RM4184 Postumus (AD259-268), Æ Antoninianus, Cologne, radiate, draped 

and cuirassed bust right, IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, rev. ORIENS AVG, Sol striding left, 

right hand raised, left holding whip, P on left (RIC 316 note; RSC 213c), EF 

£60 

RM4190 Probus (AD 276-282), Æ Antoninianus, Siscia, radiate, cuirassed bust 

left, holding spear and shield, IMP C M AVR PROBVS P AVG, rev. VIRTVS PROBI AVG, 

Mars walking right, holding trophy and spear, XXIVI in ex. (RIC 816), scarce, 

EF £175 

RM4185 Victorinus (AD 268-270), Æ Antoninianus, Cologne, radiate, draped 

and cuirassed bust right, IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG, rev. INVICTVS, Sol advancing 

left, right hand raised, left holding whip, star on left (RIC 114), EF £38 

RM4191 Diocletian (AD 284-305), Æ Antoninianus, Cyzicus (?), radiate, draped 

and cuirassed bust right, IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, rev. CONCORDIA MILITVM, 

Diocletian standing right, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing on 

right before him, holding sceptre, Γ in field, XXI. In ex. (cf. RIC 306), fully 

silvered, EF £70 

RM4186 Claudius II, Gothicus (AD 268-270), Æ Antoninianus, radiate, 

cuirassed bust right, IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, rev. AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing 

left, holding scales and cornucopia (RIC 14), EF/about EF £40 

RM4192 Allectus (AD 293-296), Æ “Quinarius”, “C” mint, radiate, cuirassed 

bust right, IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG, rev. VIRTVS AVG, galley left, with mast, QC in ex. 

(RIC 128), dark green patina, good VF/EF £160 


RM4193 Constantine I (AD 307-337), Æ Follis, London, 310, laureate, draped 

and cuirassed bust right, IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, rev. SOLI INVI-CTO COMITI, Sol 

standing left, right hand raised, left holding globe, T-F in field, PLN in ex. 

(RIC 122), EF £75 

RM4199 Valens (AD 364-378), ¡ Solidus (4.44g), Antioch, 364-7, 

pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, D N VALENS PER F AVG, 

rev. RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, holding 

labarum and Victory on globe, cross on left, *ANTI* in ex. (RIC 2(d); C. 32), 

graffito “B” in rev. field, light obv. scratch, almost EF/VF £695 

RM4194 Constantine I (AD 307-337), Æ Follis, London, 320-321, helmeted, 

cuirassed bust right, CONSTAN-TINVS AVG, rev. VIRTVS EXERCIT, two captives seated 

on ground either side of standard inscribed VOT / XX, PLN in ex. (RIC 185), 

EF/good VF £55 

RM4200 The Vandals, Hilderic (AD 523-530), ¿ Half Siliqua (1.01g), 

Carthage, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, D N IVSTINVS P A, 

rev. FELIX [CARTA], figure of Carthage standing facing, holding ears of corn (?) 

(BMC 2; MIB 9), dark “patina”, rare, about VF £200 

RM4195 Constantine I (AD 307-337), Æ Follis, London, 323/4, helmeted, 

cuirassed bust right, CONSTANTINVS AVG, rev. BEAT TRA-NQLITAS, altar inscribed VOT 

/ IS / XX, surmounted by globe, three stars above, PLON in ex. (RIC 263), almost 

EF £55 

RM4201 Byzantine Empire, Maurice Tiberius (AD 582-602), ¿ Half Siliqua 

(.93g), Carthage, facing bust, wearing plumed helmet with pendilia and 

consular robes, holding mappa and cross on globe, D N MAVRIC TIb P P A, 

rev. cross on three steps between alpha and omega (Sear 554; MIB - ), large 

flan, with short crack, dark “patina”, good VF £220 

Hammered Coins 

HS4023 Early Anglo-Saxon, Sceat, 1.02g, Series Q, bird 1, rev. quadruped left, 

pellets in field (N.138; S.836), on a broad flan, VF, scarce £450 

RM4196 Constantine I (AD 307-337), Æ Half Follis (2.89g), Trier, c.310-313, 

laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, rev. MARTI 

CONSERVATORI, helmeted and cuirassed bust of Mars right (cf. RIC 885), rare 

issue, brown patina, almost EF £150 

HS4024 Kings of Mercia, Burgred (852-874), Penny, 1.11g, type D, moneyer 

Cenred (N.426; S.941), nicely toned, EF £950 

RM4197 Crispus (Caesar AD 317-326), Æ Follis, London, 323-4, bust left, 

wearing plumed helmet and imperial robes, seen from the front, CRISPV-S NOBIL 

C, rev. BEAT TRA-N.QLITAS, altar inscribed VOT / IS / XX, surmounted by globe, three 

stars above (cf. RIC 275ff), apparently an unrecorded bust variety, more normally 

seen on the “Roma” portrait on Urbs Roma issues, about EF £65 

HS4025 Kings of Wessex, Ecgberht (802-39), Penny, 1.23g, non portrait type, 

West Saxon mint, Winchester?, moneyer Eanwald, SAXONIORVM on three lines, 

ECGBEORHT REX, rev. cross EANPALD MOIETA (BMC XX; N.590; S.1041), ragged 

edge and some what bent in the ground otherwise VF and extremely rare £1,950 

RM4198 Crispus (Caesar AD 317-326), Æ Follis, Arelate, 322, laureate head 

right, CRISPVS NOB CAES, rev. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM round wreath containing 

VOT / X, T, star in crescent, and A in ex. (cf. RIC 244 and 247), mintmark not 

noted for VOT X , EF £50 

HS4026 Aethelred II (978-1016), Penny, 1.39g, long cross type, Exeter, 

Wynsige, rev. PYNSIGE MΩO EAXE (Hild. 602/4; N.774; S.1151), peck marked on 

reverse, otherwise good VF with a strong portrait £425 

MARCH 2010 27

HS4027 Cnut (1016-35), Penny, 1.13g, Short cross type, Thetford, Wineman, 

rev. PINEMAN ON DIOD (N.790; S.1159), light tone, almost EF £350 

HS4032 Edward I, Penny, 1.31g, Berwick-on-Tweed, Blunt class IV, local dies 

(N.1078a; S.1415), struck off centre, toned, good VF £100 

HS4028 Edward the Confessor (1042-66), Penny, 1.24g, Hammer cross type, 

Wilton, Saepine, rev. SÆPINE ON PILTV (N.828; S.1182), unusual portrait with 

obverse legend commencing at seven o’clock, light tone, good VF, very rare £900 

HS4033 Edward III (1327-77), Penny, 1.11g, pre-treaty period, series G, London, 

annulet below bust (N.1205; S.1589), toned, good VF £125 

HS4034 Henry V (1413-22), Groat, 3.84g, class C, normal bust, mullet on right 

shoulder (N.1387; S.1765), full round coin, toned, bold VF £475 

HS4035 Henry V, Halfpenny, 0.44g, class F, London, annulet and trefoil by 

crown (N.1411; S.1796), ghosting of reverse on obverse otherwise EF £175 

(x2) 

HS4029 Henry I (1100-35), Penny, 1.35g, Large profile/cross and annulets type, 

London, Eadwine, rev. EDPINE: ON: LVNDE (BMC type 8, N.864; S.1269), edge cut 

as normal with this issue, good VF with an excellent portrait and extremely rare 

£7,000 

A previously unrecorded moneyer for this type at London 

HS4036 Henry VI (1422-61), Groat, 3.60g, Leaf-trefoil issue, London, leaf on 

breast, m.m. cross fleury / plain cross (N.1484; S.1897), good VF £250 

HS4030 Edward I (1272-1307), Penny, London, class 8 (N.1034/1; S.1405), 

toned, lovely portrait, a good VF £125 

HS4037 Henry VI, Salut d’Or, 3.36g, second type, Rouen, the Annunciation, 

pellet stops, rev. cross dividing lis and lion passant, mullet stops, pellet in 

annulet under last letter of legend both sides, m.m. lion passant (Elias 270c), 

about EF £1,950 

HS4031 Edward I, Penny, 1.27g, London, class 4a (N.1023; S.1394), toned, 

bold VF £75 

HS4038 Edward IV (first reign, 1461-70), Groat, 3.09g, Light coinage, class VII, 

London, quatrefoils at neck, fleurs on cusps, m.m. crown (N.1570; S.2000), 

toned, nearly EF £225 


HS4039 Edward IV (second reign, 1471-83), Angel, 5.08g, class XVI, London, 

m.m. cross and four pellets (N.1626; S.2091), reddish tone, bold VF £2,200 

HS4044 Henry VIII, Groat, 2.62g, Second coinage, London, Laker bust A 

Lombardic lettering both sides, saltires in cross ends, m.m. rose (N.1797; 

S.2337C), small flaw by nose, good detail, VF, scarce £450 

HS4040 Henry VII (1485-1509), Angel, 5.19g, class V, m.m. pheon (N.1698; 

S.2187), a full coin, slight weakness in centre otherwise better than VF £1,950 

HS4045 Henry VIII, Halfgroat, 1.26g, Second coinage, Canterbury, Archbishop 

Warham, WA by shield, uncertain m.m. (N.1802; S.2343), attractive portrait, 

bold VF £200 

HS4041 Henry VII, Groat, 3.08g, Tentative issue, reads HENRIC VII, m.m. cross 

crosslet (N.1743; S.2254), weak in parts, otherwise toned VF £650 

Ex Ivan Buck, lot 375 

HS4046 Henry VIII, posthumous coinage, Groat, 2.39g, Southwark, bust 6, 

roses in cross ends, m.m. -/E (N.1872; S.2404), weak in part otherwise good 

metal with an excellent portrait, VF £425 

HS4042 Henry VIII (1509-47), Crown of the Double Dose, 3.73g, Second 

coinage, hK [Henry and Katherine of Aragon] both sides, m.m. lis (N.1788; 

S.2274), struck from worn dies, otherwise good VF £1,950 

HS4047 Mary (1553-54), Angel, 5.01g, class I, annulet stops, reads REGIN, m.m. 

pomegranate (Schneider 713; N.1958; S.2490), once cleaned, otherwise VF 

and rare £4,250 

HS4048 Philip and Mary (1554-58), Sixpence, 2.85g, 1554, full titles (N.1970; 

S.2505), minor edge splits and marks, strong portraits, good VF or better £2,250 

HS4043 Henry VIII, Sovereign, 12.06g, Third coinage, type 2, Southwark, m.m. 

E/S (Schneider-; N.1825; S.2291), double struck in legends, good portrait, bold 

VF and rare £13,500 

HS4049 Elizabeth I (1558-1603), Groat, 2.03g, second issue, bust 1F, m.m. 

cross crosslet (N.1986; S.2556), excellent portrait, about EF and rare thus £400 

MARCH 2010 29

HS4050 Elizabeth I, Shilling, 6.09g, sixth issue, m.m. hand (N.2014; S.2577), 

pleasing VF £400 

HS4054 James I, Shilling, 5.70g, Third coinage, sixth bust, m.m. lis (N.2124; 

S.2668), toned, VF £300 

HS4051 Elizabeth I, Sixpence, 3.09g, 1592, sixth issue, bust 6C, m.m. tun 

(N.2015; S.2578B), toned, good VF £300 

HS4055 James I, Halfgroat, 1.04g, Third coinage, m.m. thistle (N.2127; 

S.2671), toned, almost EF and rare thus £140 

HS4052 Elizabeth I, milled coinage, Shilling, 5.94g, small size, m.m. star 

(N.2023; S.2592), lightly toned, nearly very fine £750 

HS4056 Charles I (1625-49), Tower, Halfcrown, 14.29g, type 1a2, first 

horseman, no ground line, m.m. lis (Brooker 281/278; N.2201; S.2764), 

slight metal stress on reverse, otherwise toned, almost EF / good VF with an 

impressive provenance £1,850 

Ex Brice, Webb and Lingford collections 

HS4053 James I (1603-25), ‘fine work’ Laurel, 8.88g, Third coinage, first large 

bust, reversed Ns in reverse legend, m.m. spur rowel (Schnieder -; N -; 

cf. S.2637), a piece of fine work, perfectly centred on a full flan, nearly EF and 

excessively rare £27,500 

Ex Christies, 28 April 1987, lot 146 

We are not aware of any other specimen of a Fine Work Laurel to have appeared on the market. 

HS4057 Charles I, Tower, Shilling, 5.99g, group B, type 1b2, second bust, rev. 

plume above shield, no cross fourchée, m.m. castle (Brooker 421/417; 

N.2217; S.2785), light tone, bold VF, rare £850 

HS4058 Charles I, Tower, Penny, 0.53g, group D, type 3.2, no CR by shield, no 

inner circles, m.m. pellets (N.2268; S.2845), toned, good VF, excellent portrait 

£125 


HS4059 Charles I, Briot’s second milled issue, Sixpence, 2.90g, m.m. anchor 

and mullet / anchor (N.2306; S.2860), toned with some underlying brilliance, 

good VF £350 

HS4060 Charles I, Aberystwyth, Groat, 2.04g, large bust with armour, m.m. 

book, (N.2337; S.2892), toned, almost EF £375 

The Bobly Collection of Siege Coins 

of the English Civil War 

Bobly’s interest in siege pieces started in 1962 with the purchase of two Newark 

Shillings. Over the past five decades he has amassed an impressive run of this 

difficult series including the extremely rare three shilling piece of Carlisle, 

examples of all the Newark issues, the four types struck at Pontefract; and copies 

of extremely rare coins of Colchester and Scarborough. Bobly developed a 

particular fascination with coins struck on flans showing the original plate 

gilding and pattern and the collection contain a high proportion of these 

interesting pieces. 

References: 

Brooker – The John G. Brooker Collection, SCBI 33 

Hird – The Late Alderman Horace Hird, Glendining and Co. in association 

with Spink and Son, 6 March 1974, lots 243 - 284 

Nelson – P. Nelson, ‘The Obsidional money of the Great Rebellion, 1642 – 

1649’, BNJ 1905, pp. 291 – 359 

For further reading on the various sieges see: 

Tullie, Isaac ‘A Narriative of the Siege of Carlisle’ republished Michael Moon 

Whitehaven, 1988 

The Royal Commission for Historical Monuments ‘Newark on Trent, The Civil 

War Siegeworks’ HMSO, 1964 

Clarke, D. T. (compiled) ‘The Siege of Colchester 1648’ Colchester Borough 

Council, 1975 

Holmes, Richard H. ‘The Sieges of Pontefract Castle’ Pontefract, 1887 

HS4061 Charles I, Aberystwyth, Threepence, 1.47g, small bust, plume 2 before, 

rev. plume 1 above shield, m.m. book (N.2340; S.2894), toned, almost EF 

£300 

HS4062 Charles I, Bridgnorth on Severn, Groat, 1.80g, 1646, m.m. plume 

(N.2525; S.3021), toned, VF £575 

HB01 Carlisle besieged (October 1644, surrendered 25 June 1645), 

Three Shillings, 14.82g, 1645, crowned CR, rosette either side, value below, 

rev. OBS CARL 1645 on two lines (Nelson 2, fig. 5; Brooker 1218 – this coin; 

N.2634; S.3136), small old scratch on obverse, otherwise toned, good Fine and 

extremely rare with a superb provenance 

SOLD 

Bought Spink 1987 

Ex Bridgewater House (302) and Brooker collections 

HS4063 Charles I, Farthing, 0.62g, Maltravers type 3, m.m. harp / billet 

(N.2282; S.3199), EF £50 

HB02 Carlisle besieged, Shilling, 1645, 4.83g, crowned CR, value below, 

rev. OBS CARL 1645 on three lines, rosette above and below (Nelson 3, fig. 6; 

Brooker 1220; N.2635; S.3138), toned, Fine, very rare £10,000 

Bought Baldwin 1968 

HS4064 The Commonwealth (1649-60), Halfcrown, 14.69g, 1651, m.m. sun 

(ESC 426; N.2722; S.3215), nicely toned, a really good VF £1,500 

MARCH 2010 31

HB03 Scarborough besieged (July 1644, surrendered 22 July 1645), 

Two Shillings, type III, uniface, castle gateway with two turrets punched 

twice, value below (Nelson fig. 9 [Beeston Castle]; Brooker -; cf. N.2652a; 

S.3169), an electrotype copy, possibly by Robert Ready £750 

Bought 1965 

HB07 Newark besieged, Shilling, 5.81g, 1645, 2nd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, richly jewelled band to crown, eleven pearls to left arch, ten 

pearls to right, rev. OBS NEWARKE 1645 (Hird 254; Brooker 1224 rev. N.2640; 

S.3142), toned, well centred, good VF, rare £2,250 

Bought 1962 

HB04 Scarborough besieged, One Shilling and Sixpence, type II, uniface, small 

castle gateway, value below (Nelson fig. 22; Brooker -; cf. N.2650k; S.3162), 

a British Museum electrotype copy by Robert Ready, marked RR on edge £750 


Robert Ready (1811-1901) worked as a duplicator for the British Museum between 1859 and 1897. He 

made a series of superb electrotypes of rare coins in the collection some of which were offered for sale to 

the public. 

HB08 Newark besieged, Ninepence, 4.57g, 1645, 2nd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, plain jewelled band to crown, eleven pearls to left arch, nine 

pearls to right, rev. OBS NEWARKE 1645 on three lines (Hird 260; Nelson type b; 

Brooker 1226 obv.; N.2641; S.3145), double struck, otherwise on a flan showing 

traces of original plate pattern, toned, bold VF, rare £1,850 

Ex Gibbs collection, Schulman, 1960, lot 24; 

SNC June 1972 item 6412 

HB05 Charles I, Farthing, 0.52g, contemporary forgery of Richmond type 2, 

manufactured from official punches, reads CARA, F for E in REX, m.m. coronet 

(Peck 123; S.3183A), good fine, rare £175 

Bought Seaby 1965 

A group of these counterfeit farthings were found in the well at Scarborough Castle and it has been 

suggested that they may have been issued during the siege. See Peck pp. 55-56 

HB09 Newark besieged, Ninepence, 4.42g, 1645, 2nd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, plain jewelled band to crown, eleven pearls to left arch, nine 

pearls to right, rev. OBS NEWARKE 1645 on three lines (Hird 260; Nelson type b; 

Brooker 1226 obv.; N.2641; S.3145), toned, Fine / Fair, very rare £750 

Bought 1965 

HB06 Newark besieged (several times 1645-6, surrendered 6 May 1646), 

Shilling, 6.01g, 1645, 1st issue, crude flat crown, dividing CR, value below, 

nine pearls to each arch of crown, rev. OBS NEWARKE 1645 on three lines 

(Hird 249; Nelson type a, fig. 28; Brooker 1223; N.2639; S.3141), toned, 

a good Fine, very rare £2,250 


HB10 Newark besieged, Halfcrown, 14.45g, 1645, 3rd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, rev. OBS: NEWARK 1645 on three lines (Hird 245; Nelson fig. 29; 

Brooker 1221; N.2638; S.3140), usual die flaws on reverse, toned, good VF and 

very rare £3,750 

Bought 1966 


HB11 Newark besieged, Shilling, 5.66g, 1645, 3rd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, plain jewelled band to crown, ten pearls to left arch, eight pearls 

to right, rev. OBS: NEWARK 1645 on three lines (Hird 250; Brooker -; N.2641; 

S.3143), on a large flan, toned, VF, rare £1,500 

Bought P. Finn, 1999 

HB15 Newark besieged, Ninepence, 3.21g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, richly jewelled band to crown, ten pearls to both arches, 

rev. OBS: NEWARK 1646 on three lines (Hird 264; Nelson type b; Brooker 1227; 

N.2641; S.3144), reverse shows traces of Royal Arms, toned, almost VF most 

interesting and rare £2,250 

Bought 1967 

Charles I left Newark for Oxford on horseback at 11pm on the 3rd November 1645 the night before the 

third siege certainly leaving his baggage train behind. This coin is possibly cut from the King’s own silver 

with traces of his coat of arms showing on the flan. 

HB12 Newark besieged, Ninepence, 4.30g, 1645, 3rd issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, plain jewelled band to crown, rev. OBS: NEWARK 1645 on three lines 

(Hird 260 obv; Brooker 1226; N.2641; S.3144), toned, almost Fine, rare £850 

Bought Spink 1968 

HB16 Newark besieged, Ninepence, 3.02g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 



N.2641; S.3144), struck on gilt plate showing traces of original pattern, pierced at 

12 o’clock, almost VF / about Fine, interesting and rare £750 


HB13 Newark besieged, Halfcrown, 15.02g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 

value below, rev. OBS: NEWARK 1646 on three lines (Hird 246; Brooker 1222; 

N.2638; S.3140A), well centred on a broad flan, toned, VF £2,000 

Bought 1966 

HB17 Newark besieged, Sixpence, 3.02g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 


N.2642; S.3146), slightly double struck on reverse, otherwise toned, good VF, 

rare £1,950 

Bought 1965, Ex Dyson-Perrins and K V Graham (lot 320) collections 

HB14 Newark besieged, Shilling, 5.66g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 



N.2640; S.3143), slight porosity to flan, VF £1,000 

Bought 1962 

HB18 Newark besieged, Sixpence, 2.84g, 1646, 4th issue, crown dividing CR, 


N.2642; S.3146), struck on gilt plate showing traces of original pattern, pierced at 

6 o’clock, about VF, interesting and rare £800 

Bought 2004, Ex P. Finn, list 14, item329 

MARCH 2010 33

HB19 Colchester besieged (13 June 1648, surrendered 17 August 1648), Half 

Unite or Double Crown, 1648, uniface, castle gateway dividing crowned CR, 

OBS. COL., date and value below (Nelson fig. 37; Brooker ; N.2637; S.-), a high 

quality cast from an electrotype £850 

Bought 1974 

HB23 Pontefract besieged, in the name of Charles II after the execution of 

Charles I, Shilling, 4.36g, 1648, type 2, octagonal shaped flan, crown with 

furred band, over HANC: DEVS: DEDIT, on two lines, date below, CAROL: II: D: G: MAG: B: 

F: ET: H: REX, rev. castle gateway, flag dividing PC, OBS to left, cannon to right, 

POST: MORTEM: PARTRIS: PRO: FILIO (Hird 282; Nelson type IV, fig. 50; 

Brooker 1235; N.2649; S.3151), toned, good VF, rare £6,750 

Bought B. Hearn 1965 

Milled Silver 

A superb collection of milled silver coins, many bought from 

Spink over the past 25 years. 

CROWNS 

HB20 Pontefract besieged (seized for the King 2 June 1648, invested Autumn 

1648, surrendered 22 March 1649), Shilling, 4.83g, 1648, type 1, 

octagonal shaped flan, crown over large C·R, DVM: SPIRO: SPERO in thick lettering, 

rev. castle gateway, OBS to left, PC above, hand with sword to right, date below 

(Hird 273; Nelson type 1; Brooker 1231; N.2646; S.3148), toned, almost VF, 

rare £4,500 

MS8942 George III (1760-1820), Crown, 1818 LVIII (ESC 211; S.3787), some 

minor contact marks, proof like fields, almost uncirculated £575 

Spink, Auction 98, June 1993, lot 198 

HB21 Pontefract besieged, Shilling, 14.95g, 1648, type 2, lozenge shaped flan, 

large crown over smaller C·R, DVM: SPIRO: SPERO, rev. castle gateway, OBS to left, 

value dividing PC to right, date below (Hird 276; Nelson type II; 

Brooker 1233; N.2647; S.3149), toned, VF, very rare £5,250 

Bought 1965, Ex Lord St. Oswald collection, lot 110 

MS8943 George III, Crown, 1819 LIX (ESC 215; S.3787), good VF £100 

HB22 Pontefract besieged, in the name of Charles II after the execution of 

Charles I, Shilling, 4.31g, 1648, type1, octagonal shaped flan, large crown 

over C·R, DVM: SPIRO: SPERO, rev. castle gateway, flag dividing PC, OBS to left, 

cannon to right, CAROLVS: SECVИDVS: 1648 (Hird 279; Nelson type I; 

Brooker 1234; N.2648; S.3150), toned, good Fine, pleasing and rare £3,500 

Ex Gordon Hopkins collection, Baldwin sale 30, lot 287 

MS8944 George III, Crown, 1819 LIX, no stops on edge (ESC 215A; S.3787), 

toned, EF, rare £475 

Bought Spink, March 1996 


MS8945 George III, Crown, 1819 LX (ESC 216; S.3787), a couple of minor marks, 

toned, EF £325 

Bought Spink, October 1984 

MS8950 Victoria, Crown, 1896 LX (ESC 311; S.3937), good EF £250 

MS8946 George III, Crown, 1820 LX, 20 over 19 (ESC 220A; S.3787), scratches 

on obverse, VF, rare £200 

MS8951 George V (1910-36), Wreath Crown, 1929 (ESC 369; S.4036), lustrous, 

almost as struck £475 

MS8947 Victoria (1837-1901), Gothic Crown, 1847 UNDECIMO (ESC 288; 

S.3883), edge knocks, uneven tone, VF £750 

MS8952 George V, Wreath Crown, 1936 (ESC 381; S.4036), some very light 

contact marks, good EF, rare £650 

MS8948 Victoria, Crown, 1888, wide date (ESC 298; S.3921), EF, rare £550 

MS8953 George VI (1936-52), “VIP” proof Crown, 1951 (ESC 393D; S.4111), 

some very light surface marks, frosted design and brilliant field, about as struck, 

very rare £750 

MS8949 Victoria, proof Crown, 1893 LVI (ESC 304; S.3937), scratch behind 

head, some light hairlines, therefore good EF £700 

MS8954 Elizabeth II (1952 -), “VIP” proof Crown, 1960 (ESC 393M; S.4143), 

some very light contact marks, otherwise with frosted design, highly polished field, 

as struck £500 

MARCH 2010 35

MS8955 Elizabeth II, “VIP” Specimen Churchill Crown, 1965 (ESC 393o; 

S.4144), with “satin” finish, as struck and very rare £1,200 

DOUBLE FLORINS 

MS8960 William III (1694-1702), Halfcrown, 1698 DECIMO, first bust, modified 

large shields (ESC 554; S.3494), flaw in front of face, light tone, EF £750 

Glendining, February 1999, lot 43 

MS8956 Victoria (1837-1901), Double Florin, 1887, Roman I in date (ESC 394; 

S.3922), EF £50 

MS8961 George II (1727-60), Halfcrown, 1741 D. QVARTO, young head, roses 

(ESC 601; S.3693), well struck, toned, good EF £1,850 


MS8957 Victoria, Double Florin, 1888, Arabic 1 in date (ESC 397; S.3923), 

mark on reverse, EF £60 

HALF CROWNS 

MS8962 George II, Halfcrown, 1746 LIMA, D. NONO, old head, plain (ESC 605; 

S.3695A), toned, good EF £750 

MS8958 Charles II (1660-85), Halfcrown, 1679 T. PRIMO, fourth bust, error 

edge, inscribed “DECNS” (ESC 483; S.3367), toned, pleasing VF with a stronger 

reverse, the error rarer than ESC indicates £950 

SNC, December 2003, MS5665 

MS8963 George II, Halfcrown, 1751 V. QVARTO, old head, plain (ESC 610; 

S.3696), minor adjustment marks on face, toned, EF, rare £1,750 

SNC, February 1990, 370 

MS8959 William and Mary (1688-94), Halfcrown, 1689 PRIMO, first busts, 

second shield, caul and interior frosted, no pearls (ESC 509; S.3435), a little 

softly struck, light tone, EF £1,100 

Bonhams, 6 March 2002, lot 231 

MS8964 George III (1760-1820), Halfcrown, 1817, “bull” head (ESC 616; 

S.3788), toned, about uncirculated £400 

Bought Spink, November 1996 


MS8965 George III, proof Halfcrown, 1817, “bull” head, edge, milled (ESC 617; 

S.3788), some very light cabinet friction, otherwise toned, as struck, rare £2,500 

Bonhams, Sale 10603, lot 1256 

MS8970 George IV, Halfcrown, 1825, second head, third reverse (ESC 642; 

S.3809), light tone, a really good EF £375 

MS8966 George III, Halfcrown, 1817, “bull” head, E over R in DEF: (ESC -; 

S.3788 var.), toned, about as struck, an unrecorded variety £950 


The E of DEF has been punched in twice over an R. 

MS8971 William IV (1830-37), Halfcrown, 1834, WW in script (ESC 662; 

S.3834), a few minor marks, rich tone, good EF £375 

MS8967 George III, Halfcrown, 1819, small head (ESC 623; S.3789), toned, 

almost EF £250 

MS8972 Victoria (1837-1901), Halfcrown, 1840, young head type A3, WW 

incuse (ESC 673; S.3887), toned, about EF, scarce £500 

MS8968 George IV (1820-30), Halfcrown, 1821, first head, first reverse 

(ESC 631; S.3807), EF £275 

MS8973 Victoria, Halfcrown, 1842, young head type A4, no initials (ESC 675; 

S.3888), toned, EF £500 

MS8969 George IV, Halfcrown, 1824, first head, second reverse (ESC 636; 

S.3808), light tone, almost EF £250 


S.3889), lustrous, uncirculated £400 

Bought Seaby Auction, 23 April 1986 

MARCH 2010 37


S.3889), some lustre, about uncirculated £400 

MS8980 George V (1910-36), Halfcrown, 1911 (ESC 757; S.4011), good EF £80 

SNC, August 2008, MS3042 

MS8976 Victoria, Halfcrown, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 719; S.3924), toned, 

uncirculated £65 

SNC, December 1998, 7379 

MS8981 George V, Halfcrown, 1917 (ESC 764; S.4011), good EF £70 

MS8977 Victoria, Halfcrown, 1891, Jubilee head (ESC 724; S.3924), toned, 

about uncirculated £140 

MS8982 George V, Halfcrown, 1926, second coinage (ESC 773; S.4021A), 

EF £60 

MS8978 Victoria, Halfcrown, 1897, old head (ESC 731; S.3938), bag marks on 

obverse, otherwise uncirculated, attractive matt tone £100 

MS8983 George V, proof Halfcrown, 1927, fourth coinage (ESC 776; S.4037), 

almost as struck £70 


MS8984 Elizabeth II (1952 -), Halfcrown, 1954 (ESC 781I; S.4145), 



MS8979 Edward VII (1901-10), Halfcrown, 1906 (ESC 751; S.3980), good EF 

£350 


FLORINS 

MS8985 Victoria (1837-1901), pattern Florin, 1848, “Godless” type A, 

rev. cruciform shields, plain edge (ESC 886 R2; S.3890), some very light 

hairlines, otherwise toned, as struck £1,200 

MS8990 Victoria, Florin, 1853, “Gothic” type B1, no stop after date, reads BRIT: 

(ESC 808; S.3891), dipped, EF £225 

Glendining, 1 October 1997, lot 394 

MS8986 Victoria, Florin, 1849, “Godless” type A, WW in full behind bust 

(ESC 802; S.3890), pleasing, good EF £250 


(ESC 813A; S.3891), softly struck in centre, otherwise toned, uncirculated £500 

MS8987 Victoria, Florin, 1849, “Godless” type A, WW obliterated (ESC 802A; 

S.3890), EF, rare £275 



(ESC 816B; S.3891), good EF £350 

MS8988 Victoria, Florin, 1852, “Gothic” type B1, reads BRIT: (ESC 806; S.3891), 

light bag marks, almost uncirculated £375 

MS8993 Victoria, Florin, 1862, “Gothic” type B1, reads BRIT. (ESC 820 R2; 

S.3891), light bag marks, good EF and very rare £1,750 

Bought Spink, June 1994 

MS8989 Victoria, Florin, 1852, “Gothic” type B1, ii over i in date, reads BRIT: 

(ESC 807A R2; S.3891), good EF and rare £375 

Spink, Auction 4018, 6 October 2004, lot 798 

MS8994 Victoria, Florin, 1865, “Gothic” type B2, reads BRIT:, no colon 

after date, die number 16 (ESC 826; S.3892), attractively toned, good EF, 

scarce £500 

Bought Spink, November 1985 

MARCH 2010 39

MS8995 Victoria, Florin, 1865, “Gothic” type B2, reads BRIT:, with colon after 

date, die number 43 (ESC 827 R3; S.3892), toned, good EF, very rare £750 

MS9000 Victoria, Florin, 1879, “Gothic” type B6, reads BRITT:, 48 arcs, with WW, 

no die number (ESC 851; S.3897), almost EF £200 

Bought Spink (5244) 

MS8996 Victoria, Florin, 1868, “Gothic” type B3, reads BRITT:, 48 arcs, with WW, 

die number 25 (ESC 833; S.3893), toned, good EF £475 

Spink, Auction 140, 16 November 1999, lot 765 

MS9001 Victoria, Florin, 1879, “Gothic” type B7, reads BRITT:, 38 arcs, without 

WW (ESC 852; S.3898), good EF £350 

Bought Spink, July 1984 

MS8997 Victoria, Florin, 1874, “Gothic” type B3, reads BRITT:, 48 arcs, iv over 

iii in date, die number 29 (ESC 843A R2; S.3893), cleaned, otherwise good VF 

and very rare £250 

SNC, June 1994, 4236 


WW (ESC 854; S.3900), hints of lustre, good EF £350 


MS8998 Victoria, Florin, 1877, “Gothic” type B5, reads BRITT:, 42 arcs, stop 

after date, no WW, die number 25 (ESC 848; S.3895), good EF £375 


WW (ESC 856; S.3900), light bag marks, almost uncirculated £300 

MS8999 Victoria, Florin, 1878, “Gothic” type B5, reads BRITT:, 42 arcs, die 

number 19 (ESC 849; S.3895), bag marks, good EF £375 

Spink, September 1991, lot 5087 


WW (ESC 863; S.3900), EF £225 



WW (ESC 866; S.3901), matt tone, pleasing EF, scarce £325 

MS9011 Edward VII, Florin, 1903 (ESC 921; S.3981), good EF £200 

MS9006 Victoria, Florin, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 868; S.3925), about 


MS9012 George V (1910-36), Florin, 1911 (ESC 929; S.4012), light tone, EF 

£40 

MS9007 Victoria, proof Florin, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 869; S.3925), most 

attractively toned, about as struck £175 

MS9013 George V, proof Florin, 1911 (ESC 930; S.4012), toned, almost as 

struck £110 

MS9008 Victoria, proof Florin, 1893, old head (ESC 877; S.3939), attractive 

rainbow tone, as struck £225 

Bought Spink, August 1994 

MS9014 George V, Florin, 1926 (ESC 945; S.4022A), good EF £50 

Bought Seaby, 9 August 1986, G256 

MS9009 Victoria, Florin, 1897, old head (ESC 881; S.3939), EF £45 

MS9015 George V, proof Florin, 1927 (ESC 947; S.4038), toned, almost as 

struck £95 

MS9010 Edward VII (1901-10), matt proof Florin, 1902 (ESC 920; S.3981), 

about as struck £90 

MS9016 George V, Florin, 1928 (ESC 948; S.4038), about uncirculated £25 


MARCH 2010 41

SHILLINGS 

MS9017 Charles II (1660-85), Shilling, 1663, first bust, inverted die axis 

(ESC 1022; S.3371), about EF, attractively toned £1,100 


MS9023 William III, Shilling, 1697, first bust (ESC 1091; S.3497), richly toned, 

EF £375 

MS9018 Charles II, Shilling, 1663, first bust, Scottish and Irish shields 

transposed (ESC 1024 R3; S.3371), toned, almost VF and very rare £800 


MS9024 William III, Shilling, 1700, fifth bust (ESC 1121; S.3516), dark tone, 

EF £350 

MS9019 Charles II, Shilling, 1684, fourth bust (ESC 1066; S.3381), attractively 

toned, nearly extremely fine and very pleasing £1,650 


MS9025 William III, Shilling, 1700, fifth bust, no stops on reverse (ESC 1122; 

S.3516), EF £450 

Bought Spink, 10 April 1994 

MS9020 James II (1685-88), Shilling, 1687, 7 over 6 and with G of MAG over A 

(ESC 1072A; S.3410), with light adjustment marks otherwise EF with a clear 

over date and overstrike in legend, very rare in this grade £2,500 


MS9026 Anne, before Union, Shilling, 1702 VIGO, first bust (ESC 1130; 

S.3585), toned with some underlying brilliance, EF £800 

Ex Grantley collection, September 1944 

MS9021 William and Mary (1688-94), Shilling, 1693, 9 over 0 (ESC 1076A R4; 

S.3437), about VF and rare £450 


MS9027 Anne, after Union, Shilling, 1708, third bust, plain (ESC 1147; 

S.3610), lightly hay marked, EF £350 


MS9022 William III (1694-1702), Shilling, 1696 C, first bust C below, Chester 

mint, R over V in GRA (ESC 1082A R4; S.3499), VF and very rare £475 

SNC, June 2000, 2385 

MS9028 Anne, after Union, Shilling, 1713, 3 over 2, fourth bust, roses and 

plumes (ESC 1160; S.3617), graffiti on neck otherwise toned with underlying 

brilliance, EF £500 


MS9029 George I (1714-27), Shilling, 1715, first bust, roses and plumes (ESC 

1162; S.3645), light tone, about EF £650 


MS9035 George II, Shilling, 1741, 41 over 39, young head, roses (ESC 1202A 

R5; S.3701), a really good VF and rare £500 


MS9030 George I, Shilling, 1723 SSC, first bust (ESC 1176; S.3647), light tone, 

EF £225 

MS9036 George II, Shilling, 1745 LIMA, old head, plain (ESC 1205; S.3703), 

dappled tone, good EF £550 

Glendining, 30 April 1999, lot 334 

MS9031 George I, Shilling, 1723 SSC, first bust, Arms of France at date 

(ESC 1177 R2; S.3647), toned, good VF, rare £650 

Ex Martin Hughes collection 


MS9037 George II, Shilling, 1750, wide 0 in date, 5 over 4, old head, plain 

(ESC 1211; S.3704), lightly toned, EF and rare £525 



MS9032 George II (1727-60), Shilling, 1727, young head, roses and plumes 

(ESC 1190; S.3698), light tone, EF £700 

MS9038 George II, Shilling, 1758, old head, plain (ESC 1213; S.3704), toned, 

EF £150 

MS9033 George II, Shilling, 1728, young head, plain (ESC 1191; S.3700), some 

hay marks, toned, almost EF, rare £950 

MS9039 George III (1760-1820), “Northumberland “Shilling, 1763, young 

head (ESC 1214; S.3742), richly toned, good EF £1,450 

MS9034 George II, Shilling, 1739, young head, roses (ESC 1201; S.3701), light 

tone, good VF, reverse better £325 

MS9040 George III, Shilling, 1787, second head, without semée of hearts, 

7 strings to harp (ESC 1216; S.3743), light haymarks, toned, EF £100 

MARCH 2010 43

MS9041 George III, Shilling, 1816, laureate head (ESC 1228; S.3790), brilliance 

on obverse, good EF £75 

MS9047 George IV, Shilling, 1826, 6 over 2 or 8 (?), second head, third reverse 

(cf. ESC 1257A R3; S.3812), dark tone, VF, a very unusual date £250 


MS9042 George III, Shilling, 1817, laureate head, E over R in GEOR (ESC 1232A 

R3; S.3790), toned, about uncirculated, very rare £750 

MS9048 William IV (1830-37), Shilling, 1836 (ESC 1273; S.3835), toned, good 

EF £250 

MS9043 George III, Shilling, 1820, laureate head, I of HONI over S (ESC 1236A 

R3; S.3790), uncirculated and very rare £450 


MS9049 Victoria (1837-1901), Shilling, 1839, first young head type A1, WW 

(ESC 1280; S.3902), good EF £250 

MS9044 George IV, Shilling, 1825, first head, second reverse (ESC 1253; 

S.3811), toned, good EF £275 

MS9050 Victoria, proof Shilling, 1839, young head type A3, no WW, plain edge 

(ESC 1284; S.3904), most attractively toned, as struck £600 

Bonhams, 6 March 2002, lot 338 

MS9045 George IV, proof Shilling, 1825, first head, second reverse (ESC 1253A 

R4; S.3811), edge nick on reverse, slightly impaired, good EF, very rare £1,500 

SNC, October 2003, MS5504A 

MS9051 Victoria, Shilling, 1858, second 8 over 6, young head type A3, no WW 

(ESC -; S.3904), toned good EF, very rare £375 


MS9046 George IV, Shilling, 1825, second head, third reverse (ESC 1254; 


SNC, April 1999, 1578 

MS9052 Victoria, Shilling, 1863, 3 over 1, young head type A3, no WW 

(ESC 1311A R4; S.3904), almost EF, very rare £550 


MS9053 Victoria, Shilling, 1866, young head type A4, die number 50 

(ESC 1314; S.3905), light surface marks, good EF £175 

MS9059 Victoria, Shilling, 1894, old head (ESC 1363; S.3940), about 


MS9054 Victoria, Shilling, 1879, young head type A7, no die number 

(ESC 1334; S.3907), almost EF £75 

Bought Spink 

MS9060 Edward VII (1901-10), matt proof Shilling, 1902 (ESC 1411; S.3982), 

reverse struck off centre, good EF, curious £70 

MS9055 Victoria, Shilling, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 1351; S.3926), toned with 

underlying brilliance, uncirculated £35 


MS9061 Edward VII, Shilling, 1903 (ESC 1412; S.3982), a really good EF £250 

MS9056 Victoria, Shilling, 1889, large Jubilee head (ESC 1355; S.3927), much 

brilliance, good EF £50 

MS9062 George V (1910-36), first coinage, proof Shilling, 1911 (ESC 1421; 

S.4013), attractively toned, as struck £100 

MS9057 Victoria, proof Shilling, 1889, large Jubilee head (ESC 1356 R3; 

S.3927), some light surface marks in fields, toned, almost as struck, very 

rare £1,350 

SNC, November 1994, 7358 

MS9063 George V, first coinage, Shilling, 1913 (ESC 1423; S.4013), almost 



MS9064 George V, second coinage, Shilling, 1923 (ESC 1433; S.4023A), 



MS9058 Victoria, Shilling, 1893, old head, small lettering (ESC 1361A; 


Bought Spink, February 1996 

MARCH 2010 45

MS9065 George V, second coinage, proof or trial Shilling, 1923, struck in nickel 

(ESC 1433A R4; S.4023A), uncirculated and extremely rare £1,250 

SNC, October 1993, 7238 

MS9071 James II, Sixpence, 1687, later shields (ESC 1526B; S.3413), some light 

haymarks on reverse, toned, almost EF, scarce £750 

SNC, April 2001, MS0857 

MS9072 William and Mary (1688-94), Sixpence, 1693 (ESC 1529; S.3438), 

toned, pleasing VF £450 

MS9066 George V, third coinage, Shilling, 1927, modified effigy (ESC 1438; 

S.4033), uncirculated £60 

SNC, February 2001, MS5075 

MS9073 William III (1694-1702), Sixpence, 1696, first bust, early harp, large 

crowns (ESC 1533; S.3520), toned, good EF £250 


MS9067 George V, fourth coinage, Shilling, 1927 (ESC 1439; S.4039), good 

EF £25 

SIXPENCES 

MS9074 William III, Sixpence, 1696 y, York, first bust, early harp, large crowns 

(ESC 1539; S.3525), light haymarks, toned, EF £250 

MS9068 Charles II (1660-85), Sixpence, 1674 (ESC 1512; S.3382), toned, 

EF £700 

SNC, July 1993, 4433 

MS9069 Charles II, Sixpence, 1677 (ESC 1516; S.3382), almost EF £500 

S & B, 1 June 2001, G181 

MS9075 William III, Sixpence, 1696 Y, York, first bust, early harp, no stops on 

obverse, large crowns (ESC 1541; S.3526), light adjustment marks on top of 

bust, toned, EF, rare £375 


MS9070 James II (1685-88), Sixpence, 1686, early shields (ESC 1525; S.3412), 

lightly hay marked, toned, good EF, scarce £1,000 

Glendining, 30 April 1999, lot 263 

MS9076 William III, Sixpence, 1697, first bust, later harp, small crowns, Arms 

of France and Ireland transposed (ESC 1552B R5; S.3531), bold fine, 

extremely rare £450 


MS9077 William III, Sixpence, 1697 B, Bristol, first bust, later harp, small 

crowns (ESC 1555; S.3552), toned, EF £275 

SNC, April 1999, 1233 

MS9083 William III, Sixpence, 1697 C, Chester, third bust, later harp, small 

crowns (ESC 1570; S.3543), toned, good VF £225 


MS9078 William III, Sixpence, 1697 N, Norwich, first bust, later harp, small 

crowns (ESC 1561; S.3535), toned, about EF £325 

SNC, May 1991, 2771 

MS9084 William III, Sixpence, 1698, third bust, later harp, large crowns, 

plumes (ESC 1575; S.3546), toned, EF, rare £500 


MS9079 William III, Sixpence, 1697, third bust, later harp, large crowns (ESC 

1566; S.3538), toned, EF £225 

MS9085 William III, Sixpence, 1699, third bust, later harp, large crowns, plain 

(ESC 1576; S.3538), toned, about EF, rare £500 

SNC, June 1991, 2775 

MS9080 William III, Sixpence, 1697, third bust, inverted A in GVLIELMVS, later 

harp, large crowns (ESC 1566B R4; S.3538), the inverted A probably a die flaw, 

VF £90 

MS9086 William III, Sixpence, 1699, third bust, later harp, large crowns, 

plumes (ESC 1577; S.3546), toned, EF, rare £500 


MS9081 William III, Sixpence, 1697, third bust, later harp, small crowns 

(ESC 1567; S.3542), EF £250 

SNC, August 2001, 2010 

MS9087 William III, Sixpence, 1700, third bust, later harp, large crowns, plain 

(ESC 1579; S.3538), EF £250 


MS9082 William III, Sixpence, 1697 B, Bristol, third bust, D over M in DEI (?), R 

over F in GRA (?), later harp, large crowns (ESC 1568; S.3539), the over 

punched letters probably the result of a flawed rusty die, EF £250 


MS9088 Anne (1702-14), before Union, Sixpence, 1703 VIGO (ESC 1582; 

S.3590), small scratch on reverse, toned, almost EF £275 

Bought Spink, April 1993 

MARCH 2010 47

MS9089 Anne, before Union, Sixpence, 1705, late shields, plumes (ESC 1584A; 

S.3593), toned, EF £475 

Ex Lockett, Jackson Kent and Pearce collections 

MS9095 George I, Sixpence, 1723 SSC, small letters (ESC 1600; S.3652), light 

tone, about EF £225 

Spink, 15 April 2004, lot 273 

MS9090 Anne, after Union, Sixpence, 1707, plain (ESC 1587; S.3619), toned, 

good VF £200 

Seaby, 1981 

MS9096 George I, Sixpence, 1726, small roses and plumes (ESC 1602; S.3653), 

good VF / EF, rare £375 

Ex Hamilton, Pegg, Seaby 

MS9091 Anne, after Union, Sixpence, 1707, plumes (ESC 1590; S.3623), lightly 

hay marked, soft in centre, otherwise toned, EF £350 

MS9097 George II, Sixpence, 1728, young head, roses and plumes (ESC 1606; 


SNC, June 1990, 3556 

MS9092 Anne, after Union, Sixpence, 1710, roses and plumes (ESC 1595; 

S.3624), weak in parts, toned, nearly EF, scarce £400 

Ex Lord Hamilton collection 

MS9098 George II, Sixpence, 1739, young head, roses (ESC 1612; S.3708), light 

tone, nearly EF £300 

Baldwin, Auction 5, lot 410 

MS9093 Anne, after Union, Sixpence, 1711, plain, large lis (ESC 1596A; 

S.3619), toned, some brilliance, EF £250 

SNC, April 2000, 1608 

MS9099 George II, Sixpence, 1739, young head, roses, O in GEORGIVS over R (ESC 

1612A R3; S.3708), light tone, nearly EF, rare £350 

SNC, September 1995, 5070 

MS9094 George I (1714-27), Sixpence, 1717, roses and plumes (ESC 1597; 

S.3651), attractive light tone, some brilliance, EF, rare £600 

SNC, July 1993, 4438 

MS9100 George II, Sixpence, 1743, old head, roses (ESC 1614; S.3709), toned, 

EF £275 


MS9101 George II, Sixpence, 1745, 5 over 3, old head, roses (ESC 1616 R2; 

S.3709), dark tone, EF, rare £300 


Spink, Auction 139, lot 401 

MS9108 George IV, proof Sixpence, 1821, first head, first reverse (ESC 1655 R2; 

S.3813), some very light cabinet friction, otherwise toned, almost as struck £500 


MS9102 George II, Sixpence, 1745 LIMA, old head, plain (ESC 1617; S.3710), 

light tone, nearly EF £200 

MS9109 George IV, Sixpence, 1821, first head, first reverse, reads BBITANNIAR 

(ESC 1656 R3; S.3813), some light surface marks, good EF, very rare £800 


MS9103 George II, Sixpence, 1758, 8 over 7, old head, plain (ESC 1624; 

S.3711), nearly EF £90 


MS9110 George IV, Sixpence, 1828, second head, third reverse (ESC 1665; 

S.3815), softly struck in centre, EF £150 


MS9104 George III (1760-1820), Sixpence, 1787, without semée of hearts (ESC 

1626; S.3748), toned, EF £60 

MS9111 William IV (1830-37), proof Sixpence, 1831, plain edge, inverted die 

axis (ESC 1671 R2; S.3836), toned, almost as struck £300 

MS9105 George III, new coinage, Sixpence, 1816 (ESC 1630; S.3791), about 


SNC, September 1998, 5821 

MS9112 William IV, Sixpence, 1834, large date (ESC 1674A; S.3836), EF £125 


MS9106 George III, Sixpence, 1820, inverted 1 in date (ESC 1639A R4; 

S.3791), good EF, rare £475 

Glendining, Sale 30891, 30 November 2000, lot 175 

MS9113 Victoria (1837-1901), Sixpence, 1844, small 44, first young head type 

A1 (ESC 1690; S.3908), mark on neck, otherwise about uncirculated £175 

SNC, June 1993, 3568 

MS9107 George IV (1820-30), Sixpence, 1821, first head, first reverse 

(ESC 1654; S.3813), light tone, good EF £175 


MARCH 2010 49

MS9114 Victoria, Sixpence, 1848, 8 over 7, first young head type A1 

(ESC 1693B R3; S.3908), die flaws, good EF, very rare £500 

MS9121 Victoria, Sixpence, 1887, Jubilee head, “withdrawn” type (ESC 1752; 

S.3928), good EF £15 

SNC, April 1998, 2106 


(ESC 1695A R2; S.3908), light tone, EF, rare £200 


MS9122 Victoria, Sixpence, 1887, Jubilee head, “withdrawn” type, JEB on 

truncation (ESC 1752B R3; S.3928), from a half-sovereign obverse die, EF and 

rare £125 


MS9116 Victoria, Sixpence, 1859, first young head type A1 (ESC 1708; 

S.3908), good EF £125 

MS9123 Victoria, proof Sixpence, 1887, Jubilee head, “withdrawn” type 

(ESC 1753; S.3928), hairlines, good EF £80 


(ESC 1708A; S.3908), toned, nearly EF £60 

MS9124 Victoria, Sixpence, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 1754; S.3929), about 


MS9118 Victoria, Sixpence, 1872, second young head type A3, die number 71 

(ESC 1726; S.3910), surface marks, nearly EF £50 

MS9125 Victoria, Sixpence, 1893, old head (ESC 1762; S.3941), toned, good EF 

£25 

MS9119 Victoria, Sixpence, 1878, second young head type A3, D over B: reads 

DRITANNIAR, die number 6 (ESC 1735 R3; S.3910), light bag marks, a really 

good EF, very rare £850 

Glendining, 1 October 1997, lot 436 

MS9126 Edward VII (1901-10), matt proof Sixpence, 1902 (ESC 1786; S.3983), 

good EF £55 

MS9120 Victoria, Sixpence, 1881, third young head type A5 (ESC 1740; 

S.3912), EF £50 

Seaby, May 1981 

MS9127 George V (1910-36), first coinage, Sixpence, 1911 (ESC 1795; S.4014), 

light cabinet friction, uncirculated £35 



GROATS 

MS9128 George V, first coinage, proof Sixpence, 1911 (ESC 1796; S.4014), 

toned, as struck £75 


MS9129 No lot 

MS9136 William IV (1830-37), Groat, 1836 (ESC 1918; S.3837), good EF £50 

MS9137 Victoria (1837-1901), Groat, 1855, young head (ESC 1953; S.3913), 

about EF £30 

THREEPENCES 

MS9130 George V, second coinage, Sixpence, 1925, new rim (ESC 1812; 

S.4025), good EF £25 


MS9138 George III (1760-1820), Threepence, 1762, young head (ESC 2033; 

S.3753), colourful tone, uncirculated £85 

SNC, June 2003, MS5024 

MS9131 George V, third coinage, Sixpence, 1927 (ESC 1815; S.4034), 



MS9139 Victoria (1837-1901), Threepence, 1879, young head type A4 

(ESC 2085; S.3914C), toned, good EF £50 


MS9132 George V, fourth coinage, proof Sixpence, 1927 (ESC 1816; S.4040), 

cleaned, good EF £35 


MS9140 Victoria, proof Threepence, 1887, Jubilee head (ESC 2097; S.3931), 

toned, as struck £75 


MS9133 George V, fourth coinage, Sixpence, 1928 (ESC 1817; S.4040), 


MS9141 Victoria, Threepence, 1893, Jubilee head (ESC 2103 R2; S.3931), 

toned, almost EF, rare £125 

MS9134 No lot 

MS9142 Victoria, proof Threepence, 1893, old head (ESC 2105; S.3942), toned, 



MS9135 George VI (1936-52), proof Sixpence, 1937 (ESC 1827; S.4084), 


MS9143 Victoria, Threepence, 1901, old head (ESC 2113; S.3942), good EF £25 

MARCH 2010 51

Irish Coins 

IR374 Hiberno-Norse, Phase II, Penny, 1.02g, Group A.3/h, blundered legends, 

as Long cross type, cross pattée on neck, cross pommée behind head, rev. no 

pellets in angles (DF 23; S.6125), good VF £750 

IR368 Hiberno-Norse, Phase I, Penny, 1.53g, Group B.2/a, in name of 

Aethelred II, as Long cross type of Aethelred II, Dublin mint signature, 

Faeremin, ÆĐELREĐ REX AIGO, rev. FÆREMIN M·O DYFLI (SCBI BM 31; DF 11; 

S.6106), peck marked, otherwise good VF, rare £2,000 

IR375 Hiberno-Norse, Phase II, Penny, 1.25g, Group A.3/c, blundered legends, 

as Long cross type, inverted crozier behind neck, rev. pellets in angles (SCBI 

BM, 74; DF 23; S.6125A), most attractively toned, almost EF, rare £1,200 

Bought Baldwin 2004, Ex VM Brand collection 

IR369 Hiberno-Norse, Phase I, Penny, 1.05g, Group B.3/a, in name of Thymn, 

as Long cross type of Aethelred II, Dublin mint signature, Feamien, ĐYMN 

ROEX MNEGMI, rev. FÆMIEN MN·O ĐIEN (SCBI BM 29; DF 9; S.6109), heavily peck 

marked, otherwise toned, nearly VF, very rare £1,500 

IR376 Hiberno-Norse, Phase III, Penny, 0.93g, Group A/b, Long cross and 

hands type, rev. large pellet in second quarter (SCBI BM, 96-7; DF 24; 

S.6132), most attractively toned, EF, rare £750 


IR370 Hiberno-Norse, Phase I, Penny, 1.13g, Group D.1/b, in name of Sihtric, 

as Last small cross type of Aethelred II, London mint signature, Dgdoan, 

SIHTRC REX DYFLIM, rev. DGDO·ANO LVNDR (SCBI BM, 55; DF 19; S.6118), peck 

marked, good Fine, very rare £1,500 

Bought Baldwin 2006, ex Russian hoard 

IR377 Hiberno-Norse, Phase IV, Penny, 0.82g, Scratched die issue, Group A/b, 

as Long cross type, pellets in front, on and behind bust, rev. hand in one 

angle, and pellets in others with cross scratched in one (SCBI Ulster, 313; 

DF 25; S.6134), toned, good VF, rare £1,000 

IR371 Hiberno-Norse, Phase I, Penny, 0.81g, Group E.1/a, with blundered 

name of Cnut, as Quatrefoil type of Cnut, blundered mint signature, NVRTEIX 

ANGLOBYH, rev. HEHEHHIOHEH (Blackburn BNJ 1996, IS21 obv. / HN 3 + 9 rev.; 

cf. DF 22; cf. S.121A), pierced, minor edge loss, otherwise toned, good VF and 

extremely rare £2,000 

Baldwin sale 31, lot 152 (described as Scandinavian imitation) 

A die duplicate for this piece in the Glenfaba Hoard - 105, discovered on the Isle of Man in 2003 confirms 

this piece as a Hiberno-Norse production from the mint at Dublin. 

IR378 Hiberno-Norse, Phase IV, Penny, 1.06g, Scratched die issue, Group A/b, 

as Long cross type, pellets in front, on and behind bust, rev. hand in one 

angle, and pellets in other angles with cross scratched in one (DF 25; 

S.6134), toned, bold VF, rare £800 

Bonhams, 24 February 2004, lot 105 

IR372 Hiberno-Norse, Phase II, Penny, 1.06g, Group A.1/a, in name of Sihtric, 

as Long cross type, cross behind head, Dublin mint signature, Steng?, SIHTRC 

REX DYFL, rev. pellets in angles, SEIIEII O DIILINR (DF 23; S.6122), toned, nearly 

VF £750 

Bonhams, 24 February 2004, lot 90 

IR379 Hiberno-Norse, Phase V, Penny, 0.90g, Group A/b, crude bust, derived 

from Long cross type, cross on neck, two pellets before face, pellet and wedge 

behind head, rev. opposed anchor and annulet and pellets in angles (SCBI BM 

157-161; DF 28; S.6138), toned, VF, rare £950 

IR373 Hiberno-Norse, Phase II, Penny, 0.69g, Group A.3/e, blundered obverse 

legend, as Long cross type, E on neck, pellet in annulet behind head, 

blundered Worcester mint signature, Wulfric, rev. E in 4th angle, pellets in 

others, PVLFRIC ON PIIHN MOIHI (SCBI BM 111; SCBI Ulster 115; DF 23; 

S.6126 / 6123), toned, nearly EF very rare and interesting £2,250 

The reverse of this coin is from a die which is imitative of a Phase I coin with a Worcester mint signature, 

see Hildebrand 1603, and articles by Dolley and Butler and Dolley, SNC March 1961and February 1968 

IR380 Hiberno-Norse, Phase V, Penny, 0.83g, Group A/i, crude bust derived 

from Long cross type, rev. derived from Facing bust / small cross type of 

Edward the Confessor with cross pattée with pellets around (cf. SCBI BM 219; 

DF 28/29; S.6148), weakly struck in parts, otherwise toned, nearly VF, very rare 

£1,250 

SNC February 2005, item IH0516, Ex Glendining, 24 January 1996, lot 74 


IR381 Hiberno-Norse, Phase V, Penny, 0.78g, Group J/b, abstract ‘Ringerike’ 

style, rev. derived from Long cross type, with annulet, hand and pellets in 

angles (SCBI BM 211-214; DF 30; S.6182), weakly struck in parts, otherwise 

toned, nearly VF, very rare £1,250 

Ex Mabbot collection, Schulman, 26-28 May 1970, lot 1137 and Spink sale 191 lot 209 

SC0795 Alexander III, Penny, 1.46g, first coinage, type III, ‘Dun’, Walter, 

rev. W[ALTE]R ONDVN(SCBI 35, 110 same dies; B 60a, fig 131A, same dies; 

S.5043), struck off centre, weak in parts otherwise toned, about VF, scarce £275 

IR382 Hiberno-Norse, Phase VI, Penny, 1.14g, Group A/a, crude bust derived 

from Long cross type, crozier in front of bust, rev. opposed sceptres and pellets 

in angles (SCBI BM 232-249; DF 32; S.6187), some ghosting, good Fine, rare, 

very heavy for issue £600 


SC0796 Alexander III, Penny, 1.28g, first coinage, type III, Roxburgh, Adam, 

rev. ADAM ON RO[KESB] (SCBI 35, 129-30; B 30, fig. 136, same dies; S.5043), 

slightly crimped, toned, VF £225 

SC0797 Alexander III, cut Halfpenny, 0.65g, first coinage, type III, Dun, Walter 

(S.5043), toned, about VF £95 

IR383 Hiberno-Norse, Phase VI, Penny, 0.40g, Group A/a, crude bust derived 

from Long cross type, crozier in front of bust, rev. opposed sceptres and 

trefoils in angles (SCBI BM 241; DF 32; S.6187), a little porous, otherwise dark 

tone, about VF, rare £750 

DNW 17 March 2004, lot 797 

SC0798 Alexander III, Penny, 1.40g, second coinage, class Mb, REX SCOTORVM, 

24 points to mullets (S.5052), toned, good VF £150 

IR384 Hiberno-Norse, Phase VII, Double Bracteate, 0.83g, Group A/b, 

crude bust derived from Long cross type, rev. long cross over quatrefoil 

(SCBI BM 252; DF 33; S.6191), light tone, VF, very rare £2,000 

SNC February 2005, item IH0162, Ex Chown collection, lot 1150 

SC0799 John Baliol (1292-96), Penny, 1.46g, first ‘rough’ coinage, four mullets 

of 6 points (B 1ff, fig. 210ff; S.5065), bold VF, good portrait £350 

Scottish Coins 

SC0800 John Baliol, Halfpenny, 0.63g, second coinage, mullets in two quarters 

(B.1, Fig. 222; S.5074), weak on face otherwise, VF, toned, scarce £350 

Ex Murdoch collection, 11 May 1903, lot 41 

SC0792 Alexander III (1249-86), Penny, 1.25g, first coinage, type III, Aberdeen, 

Ion, rev. ION ON ABER (S.5043), toned, VF £250 

SC0801 Robert the Bruce (1306-29), Halfpenny, 0.55g, single pellet after GRA 

(Holmes/Stewarby -D; cf. Burns 1, fig. 227; S.5077), attractive tone, good VF 

with a handsome portrait, very rare £3,250 

Ex G. C. Drabble, part II (1188); A Distinguished Collection of Scottish Coins and Medals, Spink sale 20 

(118) and R. MacPherson (3976). 

SC0793 Alexander III, Penny, 1.36g, first coinage, type III, Perth, Ion, rev. ION ON 

PERTE: (S.5043), almost VF £175 

SC0794 Alexander III, Penny, 1.30g, first coinage, type III, Aberdeen, Alisander, 

rev. ALISAND ON A (S.5043), weak in parts, otherwise toned, bold VF £250 

SC0802 David II (1329-71), Groat, 4.17g, second coinage, class A, Edinburgh, 

tressure of 6 arcs, nothing in spandrels, crosslet stops, lis at end of legend, 

reads COTOROM (SCBI 35, 374, same obv. die ; B 15, fig.262; S.5091), good VF 

£375 

MARCH 2010 53

SC0803 David II, Groat, 4.31g, second coinage, class A4, Edinburgh, pellets in 

spandrels (S.5094), full flan, toned, VF, rare £400 

SC0809 David II, Halfgroat, 2.22g, second coinage, class A, Aberdeen, (cf. SCBI 

35, 401; B 6, fig. 265; S.5112), VF and very rare £800 

SC0804 David II, Groat, 4.16g, second coinage, class B, Edinburgh, (S.5095), 

attractive good very fine £400 

SC0810 Robert III (1390-1406), Groat, 2.47g, Heavy coinage, second issue, 

Edinburgh, neat bust, trefoils at cusps, pellets and annulets in spandrels 

(S.5167), edge split, nearly VF £250 

SC0811 James I (1406-37), ¡ Demy, 3.07g, type II, saltire cross, lis either side, 

within a fleured tressure of six arches each with a large open quatrefoil, 

m.m. crown (B.8, fig. 454; St.79ii; S.5190), bold VF and rare £2,750 

SC0805 David II, Groat, 4.14g, third coinage, Edinburgh, as second 

coinage class C with older bust, star behind head, rev. star between 

E and D of EDINBVRGH (SCBI 35, 390; B vol.I p.257; S.5123), nearly VF 

and very rare £650 

Struck to the weight standard of the second coinage 

SC0812 James II (1437-60), Groat, 3.30g, second coinage, first issue, Edinburgh, 

crowns and three pellets in alternate angles, m.m. cross (S.5231), good Fine 

to nearly VF for issue and very rare £650 

SC0806 David II, Groat, 3.46g, third coinage, as class D, Edinburgh, large head, 

pellet eyes, with star on sceptre, trefoils in arcs (S.5125), nearly VF £250 

SC0813 James II, Halfgroat, 1.73g, second coinage, second issue, Edinburgh, lis 

to right of crown, rev. three pellets in first and fourth quarters, crown in 

second and third quarters, m.m. cross fourchée on obv., crown on rev. 

(SCBI 35, -; B 2a, fig.551A; S.5243), two edge splits but VF and 

excessively rare £1,350 

SC0807 David II, Groat, 3.35g, third coinage, as class D, Edinburgh, large head, 

pellets eyes, with star on sceptre, trefoils in arcs (S.5125), toned VF £250 

SC0808 David II, Halfgroat,2.13g, second coinage, class A, Edinburgh (S.5105), 

weak in parts, otherwise toned nearly EF and rare thus £475 

SC0814 James III (1460-88), Groat, 2.24g, light issue of 1482, Edinburgh, small 

bust with low crown of five fleurs, reads EDENBEOVRGE m.m. cross fleury, 

(S.5280), metal flaw above crown, a handsome VF £650 


SC0815 James III, Groat, 1.88g, base silver issue, Edinburgh, bust half right, 

m.m. cross pattée (SCBI 35, 479ff; B 7, fig.578; S.5270), clear portrait, good 

fine and rare £650 

SC0822 James III, Halfgroat, 1.40g, main issue, Edinburgh, m.m. plain cross 

(Cf. SCBI 35, 789-90; B 10, fig.648; S.5292), nearly fine and excessively 

rare £380 

Mauchline (Ayrshire) Hoard 1971 

SC0816 James III, Halfgroat, 0.93g, base silver issue, Edinburgh, bust half right, 

m.m. cross pattée (SCBI 35, 753; B 3, fig. 585; S.5272), about fine and very 

rare £850 

SC0823 James III, Ecclesiastical Farthing, 0.54g, class II, rev. MONEPAVP, cross 

with crowns and mullets (SCBI 35, 805; S.5314), flan flaw on obverse, 

otherwise about VF and very rare £425 

SC0817 James III, Groat, 2.31g, light issue of 1475, Edinburgh, crown of three 

tall fleurs, m.m. cross pattée (B 20, fig.592; S.5274), striking split at 3 o’clock, 

nearly VF for issue and very rare £350 

SC0824 James IV (1488-1531), Groat, 2.39g, light coinage, Edinburgh, stars by 

neck, IIII at end of legend, m.m. crown on obv. only (SCBI 35, 851; B 15a, 

fig.675A; S.5342), good VF and rare £1,250 

SC0818 James III, Halfgroat, 1.07g, light issue of 1475, Berwick, crown of 

three tall fleurs, rev. pellets in first and fourth, mullets in second and third 

quarters, m.m. cross pattée (SCBI 35, -; B 5, fig.594; S.5278), dark tone, 

slightly creased fine and extremely rare £1,100 

SC0825 James IV, billon Penny, 0.42g, Edinburgh, first issue, facing crowned 

bust, annulets by neck, rev. long cross, pellets in angles (B.2, fig 655; 

S.5357), nearly VF for issue, scarce £160 

SC0819 James III, Halfgroat, 1.08g, light issue of c. 1467, Edinburgh, saltires by 

neck, pellets with extra saltire in second and third quarters, m.m. cross 

(SCBI 35, -; B -; S.5268), ragged edge, about fine, excessively rare - one of only 

two known £1,350 

SC0826 James V (1513-42), ¡ Crown, 3.44g, second coinage, type III, crowned 

arms, rounded base to shield, rev. cross fleury, thistles in angles, trefoil stops, 

m.m. star / crown (B.6; S.5370), good VF £5,250 

SC0820 No lot 

SC0827 James V, Groat, 2.50g, second coinage, type III, Edinburgh, open 

mantle, OPPIDV EDINBVRGI (S.5378), attractive portrait, bold VF £575 

SC0821 James III, Groat, 2.86g, main issue, Edinburgh, bust half-left, annulet 

on inner circle before face, m.m. cross fleury (S.5287), slightly double struck, 

otherwise on a full flan, about VF £850 

MARCH 2010 55

SC0828 James V, One-third Groat, 0.74g, second coinage, type IV (S.5380), 

about VF and very rare £750 

Ex: ‘Ridgemount’ collection; Spink sale 69, 20 April 1989, lot 255. 

SC0834 James VI, after Accession, ¡ Unit, 9.94g, Tenth coinage, Scottish arms 

in 1st and 4th quarters, m.m. thistle (St. p. 155, XVI/204; S.5464), graffiti 

before Kings face, slightly buckled otherwise about VF and rare £1,750 

SC0829 Mary (1542-67), Two-Thirds of Ryal, 20.30g, fourth period with Henry 

Darnley, crowned shield, rev. tortoise climbing a palm tree, EXVRGAT legend 

(S.5426), sometime cleaned but good very fine and rare thus £1,100 

SC0835 James VI, before Accession to English Throne, Twenty Shillings, 14.50g, 

1582, Fourth coinage (S.5489), an attractive bold VF and scarce thus £1,450 

SC0830 Mary, Testoon, 6.00g, 1558, first period before marriage, type IIIb, 

interior of crown above shield hatched, no annulets, m.m. crown on rev. only 

(B27; S.5406), good VF £700 

SC0836 James VI, before Accession, Balance Half-Merk, 4.34g, 1591, Sixth 

coinage (B 1, fig.937; S.5491), toned, VF £675 

SC0831 Mary, Bawbee, 1.59g, first period, Stirling (SCBI 58, 450-1; S.5434), 

about VF, scarce £275 

SC0837 James VI, after Accession, Eightpenny Billon Groat, 2.65g, crowned 

shield, rev. crowned thistle, no inner circle (S.5511), good VF or better and rare 

thus £195 

SC0832 Mary, ‘Nonsunt’ Groat, 1.86g, second period, 1559, left facing dolphin 

(SCBI 35, 1106-8; B 8, fig.891; S.5448), nearly VF £200 

SC0838 Charles I (1625-49), ¡ Half-Unit, 4.91g, Third coinage, Briot’s issue, 

King wears English crown (S.5534), softness of strike at centre, otherwise a 

lustrous EF and rare £4,250 

SC0833 James VI (1567-1625), before Accession to English Throne, Sword and 

Sceptre piece, 4.84g, 1602, Eighth coinage (S.5460), VF £1,750 


Islamic Coins 

I0808 Umayyad, temp. ‘Abd al-Malik (685-705), ¡ Dinar, 4.27g, AH84, mintless 

type (Damascus) (Walker 194; A.125), small oberse die crack at 10 o’clock, 

otherwise EF £385 

I0815 Umayyad, temp. Sulayman (715-17), ¡ Dinar, 4.22g, AH98, mintless 

type (Damascus), (Walker 213; A.130), good VF £425 

I0809 Umayyad, temp. al-Walid I (705-15), ¡ Dinar, 4.25g, AH87, mintless 

type (Damascus) (A.127), obverse a little dirty, EF £385 

I0816 Umayyad, temp. Hisham (724-43), ¡ Dinar, 4.15g, AH111, mintless type 

(Damascus) (Walker 231; A.136), EF £425 

I0810 Umayyad, temp. al-Walid I, ¡ Dinar, 4.24g, AH88, mintless type 

(Damascus) (Walker 199; A.127), EF £425 

I0817 Umayyad, temp. Marwan II (744-750), ¡ Dinar, 4.22g, AH132, mintless 

type (Damascus) (A.141), about VF, rare £5,000 

This is the last date for the Umayyad series 


(Damscus), (Walker 202; A.127), small edge nick at top of reverse edge, 

good VF £325 

I0818 Spanish Umayyad, Hisham II (first reign 976-1009), ¡ Dinar, 4.02g, 

Al-Andalus, AH393 (Miles, Spain 324e; Album 353.1), about EF, 

scarce £2,400 


(Damscus), (Walker 204; A.127), about EF £425 

I0819 Murabitid (Almoravid), ‘Ali bin Yusuf (1106-42), ¡ Dinar, 3.96g, 

Al-Mariya (Almeria), AH517, no heir cited (Hazard 285; A.466), edge slightly 

damaged at 9 o’clock, VF £950 


(Damascus), (Walker 209; A.127), small scratch on reverse at 12 o’clock, about 

EF £415 


Al-Mariya (Almeria), AH532, naming heir below obverse (Hazard 359; 

Album 466), about EF £1,400 


(Damscus), (Walker 210; A.127), good VF £400 


Al-Mariya (Almeria), AH537 naming Tashfin as heir below obverse (Hazard 

403; Album 466), obverse struck from rusty dies, otherwise about EF £1,000 

MARCH 2010 57

I0822 Muwahhid (Almohad), Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Al-Mumin (1130-63), 

¡ 1 ⁄ 2-Dinar, 2.29g, no mint or date (Hazard 466; A.478), about VF £145 

I0828 Afghanistan, Durrani, Ahmad Shah (1735-72), ¡ Mohur, 10.88g, 

Shahjahanabad, AH(11)74, ry.14 (KM.766), good VF £625 

I0823 Muwahhid (Almohad), Abu Yusuf Ya’qub (1184-99), ¡ Dinar, 4.65g, no 

mint or date (Hazard 501; A.484), EF £600 

I0829 Afghanistan, Durrani, Mahmud Shah (second reign 1808-17), Rupee, 

Peshawar, AH1232, ry.9 (KM.728), good VF, attractive toning £75 

I0824 Muwahhid (Almohad), Abu Hafs ‘Umar (1248-66), ¡ Dinar, 4.65g, no 

mint or date (Hazard 533; A.491), VF £425 

I0830 Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Nasrullah (1826-60), ¡ Tilla, 4.55g, Bukhara, 

AH1265 (KM.65), about VF £235 

I0825 Mughal Empire, Babur (1526-30), Shahrukhi, mintless type, Kabul 

(Rahman 60), good F £145 

I0831 Iran, Qajar Dynasty, Fath ‘Ali Shah, (1797-1834), ¡ Toman, 4.60g, 

Dar el-Ibadat (Abode of Piety) Yazd, AH1233, type W (KM.753), EF £275 

I0826 Mughal Empire, Aurangzeb (1658-1707), ¡ Mohur, 10.92g, 

Aurangabad, AH1099, ry.31, mint in lower part of reverse (KM.315.11), 

good F/F £275 

I0832 Iran, Qajar Dynasty, Fath ‘Ali Shah, ¡ Toman, 4.59g, Dar el-Ibadat 

(Abode of Piety) Yazd, AH1235, type W (KM.753), some peripheral weakness, 

good VF £265 

I0827 Mughal Empire, Aurangzeb (1658-1707), Rupee, Kabul, ry.34 

(KM.300.45), VF £35 

I0833 Iran, Afsharid, Nadir Shah (1736-47), Rupi, Moqadas Mashhad, AH1155 

(KM.385.7), VF £55 


ANCIENT, englISh AND foreign coins 

and commemorative medals 

LONDON, THURSDAY 25 MARCH 2010

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