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"Under the Sign of Scorpion" by Juri - Gnostic Liberation Front

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Their percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population was only 0.4 per cent. The most<br />

important question is who <strong>the</strong> leaders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> terror were.<br />

Only 40 per cent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extermination battalions were<br />

Estonians. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se came to Estonia as Soviet citizens from Russia<br />

after <strong>the</strong> Communist coup in June 1940. Common Estonian criminals also<br />

joined those battalions and <strong>of</strong> course also those Estonians who were<br />

Soviet agents. The rest were Russians and o<strong>the</strong>r nationals, including many<br />

Jews. The ethnic composition <strong>of</strong> those battalions was a state secret, as was<br />

that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> EKP (Estonian Communist Party).<br />

The extermination battalions <strong>of</strong>ten worked toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> Red Army.<br />

The exterminators also wore "uniforms": <strong>the</strong>y had work overalls with a<br />

red armband. Only <strong>the</strong> leaders wore NKVD or militia uniforms. Most <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>m also had a red, five-pointed star on <strong>the</strong>ir caps. The low-ranking<br />

Communists in <strong>the</strong> Spanish civil war <strong>of</strong>ten fought in work overalls too.<br />

This indicated <strong>the</strong>ir ideological background.<br />

Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> Schalom Aleichem in Tartu also volunteered<br />

to join <strong>the</strong> extermination battalions. Among <strong>the</strong>se were Selda Pats and her<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r Jaakov Pesah and also Josef Mjasnikov, who founded <strong>the</strong> Zionist<br />

movement Netzach in Estonia, according to Dov Levin.<br />

Movsa Michelson, chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Jewish cultural organisation in<br />

Tartu, admitted <strong>the</strong> following in an interview in <strong>the</strong> newspaper Edasi (26th<br />

<strong>of</strong> February 1989): "At <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war many [Jews] joined <strong>the</strong><br />

extermination battalions." The militiaman Gerschon Zimbalov was one <strong>of</strong><br />

those who joined.<br />

The extermination battalions were known for <strong>the</strong>ir almost indescribable<br />

cruelty and brutality, especially towards women and children. The victims<br />

were thrown alive into fires, parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir bodies were cut <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>the</strong>y were<br />

nailed to walls... All this also happened in Soviet Russia. The Red terror<br />

ruled Estonia for two months until <strong>the</strong> 28th <strong>of</strong> August 1941, when those<br />

stormtroops were defeated. They had orders to liquidate everything in<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir path, to imprison <strong>the</strong> opponents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Communist system and to<br />

eliminate <strong>the</strong>m on <strong>the</strong> spot if necessary.<br />

The infamous Boris Friedman and Jershik Schigol terrorised <strong>the</strong> area<br />

near <strong>the</strong> town <strong>of</strong> Voru, Jakob Jolanski in Parnu, Shustov and o<strong>the</strong>rs in<br />

Kuressaare.<br />

What sort <strong>of</strong> things were <strong>the</strong>se violent criminals doing? Here are a few<br />

typical, well-documented examples, which have not acquired <strong>the</strong> ano-<br />

388

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