annual report - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture

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ANNUAL REPORT 

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE 

(Indian Councl of Agricultural Research) 

141, MARSHALS ROAD, EGMORE, MADRAS 600 008

ANNUAL REPORT 

1995 - 96 

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISIIWATER AQUACULTURE 

(INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCN 

141, MARSHALLS ROAD, MADRAS800 008

Published by 

Dr. K. Alrgarswami 

Director 

Edited by 

hlu~r~awar Sultana 

and 

Nl. Kathirvel 

Senior Scientists 

Assistance 

P. M. Abdul Kadir 

-Pechtiical Officer

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

Brief historical background 

Mandate 

Infrastructure Development 

Organisation 

Budget 

Major research accomplishments 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Institute's Manabmment Committee 

Staff Research C'ouncil 

Research Advisory Committee of thc Institute 

Special World ));ink Hevicw C'ommi~tcr or Nhlll' (1'h;isc 11) 

Institute Joint St;irf C'ouncil 

AKSISKFNli'I' I1nk-A\sislctl Pn~jcc~ 

Other trainings 

Manpower dcvclol~n~cnc 

Seminars/Svrnpc)siw.Work\hop\ 

Seminars held in thc Inslilulc 

I .ectures 

Mectin&s/Conl.cienccs 

Honours and Awards 

I .ibrary. 1nform;it ion and 1 )ocumcr~t.t.~i )n 

I'uhlications 

Visitors

PROGRESS OF RESEARCH 

Crustacean (:ulturc Division 

I.'ish Culture Ilivision 

'l'echnoloa Improvement Division 

Aqueculture 1;ngineering and Environment Division 

Iixtension, 1:cnnomics and Information Division 

t:xtcrnally Fundcd I'rc~jects 

LIST OF PljRLlCATlONS 

PERSONNEL 

ANNEXURE

Brief Historical Backgmund 

Brackishwater aquaculture has ken 

identified as one of the high potential area 

for increasing fish and shellfish pr~duction 

and for deriving maximum economic and w- 

cia1 benefits such as better utilis;ttion of unprtductive 

and marginally productive coastal 

lands, swamps and brackishwater hodics. 

augmenting production for export and loreign 

exchang earnings, support to fotd security 

system, establishment of ancillary 

industries, generation of employment and 

improving the socio-economic conditions ol 

rural ptmr. As all these activities require 

adequate and continuous R 6i D support. 

the Indian Cnuncil of Agricultural Research 

sanctioned the cstablishmenl of the ('cntr;tl 

Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculturc during 

the 7th Plan period with effect from 

1.4.1985, by reorganisation of the then existing 

Fisheries Research Institutes of the 

C~)uncil. The Institutc started functioning 

independently since April 1987. The Ileadquarters 

of the Institutc is located in Madras 

City with field and farm facilities at Muttukadu, 

about 30 km south of Madras. The 

Institutc has three Rescarch Centres located 

at Kskdwip (West &ngal). Puri (Oriwi) and 

Nitrakkal (Kerala). 

Mandate 

The lnstitute has the following m;rn 

date: 

- 'I oconduct research for development 

of techno-economically viable and 

sustainable culture systems for finfish 

and shellfish in brackishwater 

- To act as a rcpoaitory of inbrmation 

on brnckishw;~ter fisher) resourcea 

with a systematic datahw 

- To undertake transfer of technology 

through training, education and extension 

education programmes 

- 'Sn prtwide consultan~y service 

Infmtmctum development 

The fish hrtw>dst(rk holding tanks at 

Muttukadu with a total seawater holdingcapacily 

of 500 t havc hecn completed. Ihe 

shrimp hatchery complex at Muttukndu is 

nearing completion. 7'hc fish hatchery and 

feed mill at Muttukadu arc under construction. 

Reconstruction work relating to "A" series 

yx~nds at Muttukadu is also in propcss. 

Fquipmcnth imported during 105.96 

are: Fraction collector, micro-plat? II.ISA 

readcr. thcrmocyclcr, histu-ernkddcr and 

Kjcltec autosystem, Dcsidea. Super A'1'-380 

computer, dot matrix printers, c(xrling incuhittor. 

I%OI) incuhator, quick scal V series Itrr 

vacuum packing, dccpIrce/.cr, elcctrtrnic 

typcwritcr, portnhlc ilutomatic Icvclling instrument 

end ? KVA uninterrupted ptrwcr 

supply system wcrc illxr atldcd 111 the Lbor;tlorics. 

Other f;~cilitics i~dded to the Institute 

include ;I mini-bus acquired during the year 

for the trensportation of Scicntirts/Stt~fI to 

the Muttukittlu ficld centre. 

Organisation 

'Ihc research programmcsol ~ hc Inatitutc 

were cilrried out under the Iollowing 5 

divisions 

I. ('ru\t:ice;in C'ulture 1)ivisiirn 

((X~Ij) 

2. Fish Culture Ilivision (I.'('I)) 

3. 'lechnology Improvement Division 

rnn) 

4. Aquaculture lingincuring and 

Ihvironment Division (Ali & I:I)) 

5. f:xtcnsion, ECUnomich and 

Inlormation Ilivision (131: & ID) 

Maintenance of hrtwdstock, breeding 

and larval rearing of Penueus monodon and 

P. mdicus, grow-out culture of penaeid

shrimp in different ecosystems, culture of 

live food organisms and crab CU~~UI~ were 

taken up by the Crustacean Culture Division. 

Broodstock maintenance, breeding and culture 

of brackishwater fishes were dealt with 

by the Fish Culture Division. Research on 

nutritional aspects of fish and shrimp, feed 

technology, pathology, reproductive physiology 

and genetics programmes were taken up 

by the Technology Improvement 1)ivision. 

Aquaculture Engineering and Environment 

Division (unit) conducted studies on hrackishwater 

environment, soil and water quality 

and productivity management for sustainable 

shrimp farming hatchery design and 

layout system, design and dcvelopmcnl of 

machinery and structures and use of nonu~nventional 

eneru resources for i~quaculturc 

operations. 'Ihe Iktcnsion, 1:conomics 

and Information 1)ivision (unit) Itxiked after 

the technolorn tri~nsfer programmes, aquilculture 

emnomics and development of dalabits 

on hrackiqhwater fishcry resrurccz. 'Ihe 

1.ihraty and lcchnical Cell were undcr the 

responsibility of i~ Scientist each. An Engineering 

CkII attended to the u)nstruction 

works of the Institute. 

A total numkr of 17 pro,jects (I4 dcpartmental 

and 3 sponsored) were undcrtaken 

during the year. 

1)uring the year 199.5-96 an expenditure 

of Rs 146.97 lakhs under Plan and Ks 

YY.OI lr~kht, undcr Non-Plan was incurrcd hy 

the Institute. 

Major reeearrh accomplishments 

Extensive investigations have heen 

urnductcd on the while spot disease which 

has ken rampant since Novemher 1994 HIfecting 

white at, well as tiger ~hrimp of all 

sises from larval stages to broodstock in the 

shrimp hatcheries and farms in the coa~tal 

districtsoflbmil Nadu, hndhra Radcsh and 

Orissil irrespective of management practices. 

'lhe causative agent was identified to Ix: a 

virus, the Systemic Ectodermal and 

Mesodermal Rmulovirus (SEMBV). Survey 

of shrimp farms along the east mast revealed 

that apart from the white spot disease problem 

Monodon Haculovirus (MBV) disease 

and luminestent bacterial disease were also 

prevalent. In view of the recurrent disease 

and mortality problems in shrimp farms duringthe 

last two years, the Institute has taken 

up diseasc diagnosis as one of its priority 

research areas. Lliagnostic tests I~u., Dot Immunoassay 

and ELISA(En7yme-linked Immunox~rbent 

Aqsay) have been standardised 

for the diagnosis of shrimp bacterial dise~ses 

cau;ed by Vrbno parc~haeinolytrru.~, Rveudo- 

~nonus sp. and Aeromonas sp. Advanced 

techniques of immunodiagnostics and gene 

probes are king developed for rapid diagnosis 

of shrimp diseases. 

Studies on environmental impact assessment 

have shown that deterioration in 

water quality and unscientific manabcment 

meilsures have ken primarily responsible lor 

the disease outbreaks. In this connection the 

Institule has built up a significant datahiise 

on physical, chemical and biological parameters 

c)f shrimp culture systems and farm effluents 

hascd on~hich it has helped the Union 

Ministry ol Agriculture and the Govts. of 

Andhri~ l'radesh and Tamil Nadu in formulating 

guidelines for aquaculture and standards 

for Siirm effluent

Under the fsh culture programmes, 

pen culture of rnilkfish Chnnos chnnnr at 

Muttukadu gave enwumgingresults. Over a 

priod of 6 months, at a stocking density of 

5000 no./ha and with supplementary feeds, 

the fishes reached an averagc size of 2% 

d l 9 5 g from an initial average size of 120 

d l 3 g. The growth of pearlspol Etrr~plus 

stirafensu under integrated farming with 

poultry at Narakhl was also encouraging, 

recording an averagc growth of 170 mm/liN 

g from an initial average of 77 mmUO g. 

Significant advances have ken made 

in the feed formulation progammcs, with 

further improvements in the dcvclopmcnt of 

freeze-dried micro-particulate diets (50, 1iX) 

and 500 microns) for shrimp 1arv;lc and 

postlarvac. The milk protein catstin was replaced 

by an equivalent amount of duck ej@ 

and total lipid w~ increased with the addition 

of fish oil. A comhination of micro- particulate 

feeds along with diatoms w;i\ 

succcnfully tcstedonl'. monodon lilwae. EIforts 

are on for improvement in digc:ectihility 

of feeds and enhancement 01 conversion efficiencies 

through biotcchnological approach 

by hioconverting selected feed ingredients 

using wlid-state fermcnt;ltion and production 

and testing 01 prohiotics in shrimp Iced, 

lixperimcnts on thc use ol hinders for 

improving the water sttlhility 01 lccd pcllclh 

indicated that whci~t glutcn tnct~rp(lratcd 

4 to 5 %in the pellets served as a good binder 

imparting a water stability beyond 6 hours. 

Gwxcberry as a source of vitamin C, incor- 

porated in standard shrimp diets at 36 

level, 

gave better growth and survival in P. monodon 

compnred to diets fortified with other 

sources of vitamin C. 

Field testing of several grow-out 

shrimp feed formulations developed by the 

Institute has bccn initiiited. A technology 

packitgc has ken developed for small-=ale 

shrimp lccd prc~csvingnnd prtxluction using 

;I nulrilionnlly hali~nced feed formulation 

with indigenour ingredient$, to cilter to lhe 

nccds ol small ;in11 medium shrimp farmers 

practising improved cxtensivc i~nd semi- inlensive 

cc~lturc 111 ligr rhr~mp I' monodon. 

Ihc Institute has ;llso dcvelopcd lilyout 

and designs lor heckyilrd and sm;tll-scalc 

shrimp hetchcv \I:., 2, 5 itnd 10 millil)n c;~pacttic$. 

Survcy and cv;llu;ltion 111 dillcrrnt 

shrimp farming practices war continued in 

the stiltes of Mtihart~slit~:~. (;o;l :1i111 li~mil 

Nadu tlnd in the linion I crrilory of I'ondi~ 

chcry, covering ;I tot;11 01 4X Lcrrnv with ;i 

witler-5prc;td ilrcii of 541 .Oh hcctarcs. 1)cvclopmcnt 

01 di~ti~h;rse on hri~ckishwitter fishcv 

lcsourcer i\ also in progrcsr. 

K. Alsgurswe~~~i 

1)ircctor

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Institute's Management Committee 

The tenth and eleventh rneeling c~f 

the Management Committee of the Institute 

were held on 7 September 1995 and 22 February 

1996 respectively. 

Staff Reseiwh Council 

'Ihe second and third meeting of the 

newly constituted Staff Research Council of 

thc lnstitute were held on 5-6 Scptemkr 

I995 and 18-IY March 1996 respectively, to 

review the progess of work in the various 

on-going research project5 and to formulaic 

ttnd finalir pro,jecl proposals for the next 

year. 

Reseaqh Advisory Committee of the Institute 

'Ihc scc~nd mceting of the Kescarch 

Advisory (i)mmi~tec(IlAC) of the lnctilutc 

w;~\ held on 23-24 Fchruary 1996. 'l'hc ma.jor 

rca~mmemdation~su~~sti~~ns of thc I

ICAR, Dr. K. N. Singh, Assistant Director 

General (NARP), Shri. M. Ranadhir, Director, 

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, 

Dr. K. Alagarswami, Director. Central 

Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture. Dr. 

S. Ayyappan Principal Scientist, Central Institute 

of Freshwater Aquaculture. 

Institute Joint Staff Council * 

The Institute's Joint Staff C~>uncil 

meetin@ were held at the Ileadqunrters on 

16 December 1995 and 15 March 19%. 

ARS/SRF/NFT Examination 

ARS!SRFINl~'l' Examination of 

ASRR for the year 1994 was conducled hy 

the Institute at Madras from 5-7 Octobcr 

1995. 

Assistance rendered 

August 1995 at Visnkhnpatnam, Andhra 

Pradcsh. 

Dr. C.P. Hangaswitmy, Senior Scientist, 

visited Keutakudi. Kusuhcnti and Iiaridas 

villages of I'uri Districl of Oriss~ during 

1)eccmher 1995 and January 19196 and rendered 

assistance in shrimp diwaw invcstig~tticlns. 

Icchnical Assislancc wcls rendered lo 

23 farmers Irom Andhr;~ I'rildcsh and 1 irmil 

Nadu on shrimp culture technology. 

The Inslitutr rrndcred ;~\si\tancc on 

shrimpdiw;lw diagnosis and m:in;lgcmcnt to 

the frillowing privatc cntrcprencur\ thrtiugh 

11 1: 1) As: Nav;~hharath end Varun hz~tchery 

at Ncllorc. P'II hittchery ;it ('hinglcput. Shri 

Ilam Marinc llarvests ;I[ I1(w~rnpuhar and it 

farm at I'alayad in kc rill;^. 

Services in committees 

7he lnstitule assisted the (icic2. of ln- Dr. K. Alagarswami, I)ircctor, served 

dia, through Ministry of Agriculture, in :+ 

legal contlict on cnvironrnentnl conycqucnccs 

of shrimp farming heclrd hy ,he 

- Member, (ioverning ('ouncil, AnlIon~ur;iblc 

Suprcmc Court of India. 

d;~miln and N~cohnr 1cl;lnils Shrimp 

1,'arming 1)cvcloprnmcnl Agcncv, 

A shrimp farmers contact programme 

MI'EIIA, Kochi 

was conductad from 25-31 March IWZ in thc 

Godavari and Krithna districts of Andhr;~ - Member, l:xtcnsion (i~uncil,('II:I:, 

I'radesh with the ohjcctivc olpro\idinfi ;~ssis- Mumhai 

tance to farmers in improving thc nutri- 

- Memhcr. (icncral I3t)d). Orishi1 

lional quality and water stability of 

Shrimp Seed L)cvelopment, I'rcducfarm-made 

pellcted feeds uwd by them. A 

tion and Rcwarch (kntre, I3crh;tmtocirl 

0167 Iarmers were contacted. 

Pur 

Dr. C. 1'. Kangaswamy and Dr. 13. P. 

Ciupta, Senior ~ ~ i and ~ I)r, ~ S, ~ S, i 

-, Member. 

~ ~ 

I'atcnts ('rirnmittcc., I('AK 

Mishra, Scientist, visited shrimp farms in , ~ ~ ~ h on ~~~i~~ ~ , 

Balawre and Bhadrakdistrictsof Orisadur- 

Living Ilewurccs, L)cpt. ol Ocean 

ing 23-29 April 1995 to conduct investiga- 

Development, (iovl. of Indiit 

tions on the shrimp disease outbreaks in 

these districts and lo suaest remedial meas. - Membcr. Marinc!lnland Fishcric5 

ures for prevention of discascs. 

Advisory Board, (iovt. of 'l'k~mil 

Nadu, Ilept, of Animal flushandry Kr 

Dr. K.K. Vijayan, Scientist, served as 

Fisheries 

a resource pcwn in the training progamrne 

onshrimpdiseases, conducted by Prof. Don- - Chairmm, ljipcrt ('ommittec, to reald 

Lightner (University oIArinlna, U.S.A.) 

view the work of 1:ishcries (i)llcg bi 

and organised by the MPEDA during 28-30 

Ilesearch Institute, 'I ANVASU 

Refer annexure for cornpowhon of Carnrnrffee 5

- Memher, 9th Plan Working Groupon 

Fisheries, Depl. of Agriculture and 

Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, 

&t. of India 

- Member, MPIDA , Kochi 

- Member, Standing Committee for 

Agriculture, 'Iamil Nadu State I'lanning 

Commission 

Training underworld Bank-Assisted Ptoject 

lbe Institute was given the responsibility 

ofw)nducting a training ujurse in Semiintemive 

Shrimp [:arming 'I'echnolop~, by 

the I)ep;~rtment of Agriculture and choperation, 

Ministry of Agriculture, under thc 

Shrimp and 1,'ish ('ulture Project (World 

13ank-assisted) of (iovl. 01 India. Under this 

project, the third bi~tch of 7 Rrackishwatcr 

I:ish 1:armcrs Ikvelopmcnt Agency officials 

from Andhra I'radesh va., Shri D.S. Sudhakilr. 

Shri K. I'andu Kilngil RIIO, Shri K. 

Kanaka Kaju, Shri K. lli~ma Ran, Shri K. 

I'hani I'rakash, Shri M. 11. K. S. llavi and Shri 

S. Janimaiy;~ underwent trilininp from 17 

May to 15 June 1995. 'lhc 4th htltch included 

two goups, the first goup king 9 111'1)A 

otficials from Andhrii I'radesh I~IZ., Shri 1'. 

Srccramulu. Shri N. Srinivav~ Ilao, Shri V. 

Vcntalcsw:~ra Ria,. Shri-I. Ganpadhara Ktco. 

Shri 1'. Ilurga I'ra~ld, Shri 1'. V. Siltyaniiri~yana. 

Shri K. S. V. N. Acharyulu, Shri P. 

I3rilhrnaji I

- 31 trainees from Inland Fisheries 

Training Centre of CIFE. Rarrackpore, 

on 19 January 1996 

- 9 progressive farmers from Visakhapatnarn 

sponsored by MPEDA on 

Inter-state Study Tour of Aquafarmers, 

on 11 March 1996 

- 46 students of 1st and 2nd year B.Sc. 

Industrial Fish and IJisheries, Dept. 

of Zoology, Madras Christian College, 

Tamharam on 20 January 1996 

Kakdwip 

- 3 batches of grass-ruot level trainees 

(60 no.) from Pathar Pratima Block, 

on 20 April 1995 

- 6 batches of seed collection trainees 

(20 no.) from Namkhana Block. on 30 

May 1995 

- 15 trainees from R.K. Mission 

Lokasiksha I'arisad, Narendrapur, on 

1 June 1995 

- Trainees spnnwred by MPEIIA 

- Fishermen trainees from Andaman 

b Nicobar Islands 

- Fishermen trainees from Lak~hadweep 

- B.F.Sc. studentsfromCollege oflYisheries, 

Mangalore 

Manpower development 

Dr. L. H. Rao, Senior Scientist, attended 

the course on Agricultural Research 

Management, from 26 July to 5 Auyst 1995, 

at NMRM, Ilyderabad. 

Shri S. V. Navandi, Scientist (Snior 

Scale), undenvcnt a deputation training under 

the World Bank-assisted National Agricultural 

Research Project (NAKP) Phase 11 

on Aquaculture: pond-bioenergetics, digstive 

enzymes and microflora in fish and 

shrimp, at the University of Glasgow, U.K.. 

from 8 Auyst to 17 .September 1995. 

Dr. K. K. Vijaynn. Dr. K. V. Rajendran 

and Dr. S. S. Mishr. Scientists, underwent 

a short-term training courst on Fish 

1)iseass: An appraisal of ttmls of rewarch 

(light microscopy, immuno-electron microscopy 

and ~yttxhernistry) organised hy the 

1)cpt. of Zoology, University of Madras, under 

the sponsorship of thc British Council 

Ilivision, Madras, from 21-26 August 1995. 

Dr. K. K. Krishnt~ni, Scientist, undcrwent 

training on Hiodcgadalion of Chlorinated 

Pesticides, sponsored hy the apt. of 

Biotechnology, nl Indu,trial 'Ii~xicology Kesearch 

Ccntrc (('SIR), I.ucknt~w. from 21 

August lo R Seplemher 1905. 

Dr. M. Krishntln, Scientist (Senior 

Scale) undenvent training at South East 

Asian Fihheries Oevclopmcnt ('cntrc, 

Aquaculture Dept.. '1-ighuan, Iltlik), the Philippines, 

under thc JlCA fellowship for Third 

Guntries 'l'raining I'rogramme, [rclm 27 

September to 25 Novemkr 1095. 

I)r. S. M. I'ill;~i, .knior Scicnlisl, participated 

in the International 'l'raining 

(i)ursc for Fisheries I

Madras, 5-6 April 1995 and presented 

a Paper 

Shri S.V. Alavandi 

- Workshop on Selective Breeding of 

Rohu, Labeo rohifa, under Indo-Norwegian 

Project at CIFA, 

Bhuhaneswar, 21-22 March 1996 

Dr. P. Kishore Chandra 

- National Seminar on Aquatic Animal 

Health, at the Dept. of Aquatic Biolog). 

and Fisheries, University of Kerala, 

Thiruvananthapuram, 15-17 

March 1995 and presented a paper 

Dr. K.V. Rajendrnn 

Seminm held in the Institute 

- Dr. A.R. Thirunavukkarasu. Senior 

Scientist and Dr. C. (iopal, Scientist 

(Senior Scale), on their training at 

the International Training Centre for 

Fishery Externion Officers in Extension 

Methodology and (i~actal Kcsource 

Management, at SEAFI)t:C, 

Bangkok, during 7 Novembcr to 9 

December 1994, on 4 April 1995 

- Dr. P. Ravichandran, Senior Scicntist, 

on his training in Coastal 

Aquaculturc under JICA Fellowship 

for Third (iluntries Iraining Pro. 

gramme at SI?AFI)I:(' Aqu;culturc 

Department, Iloilo, Lhe Philippines. 

during 16 January to 15 March 1995, 

on 7 April 1995 

- Shri N. Kalaimani, Scientist (Sclcclion 

Grade). on his training in 

Aquaculture-Pond Bioenergetics, 111- 

gcstivc ~nzymeb and Micrt~flora in 

Fish and Shrimp, under the World 

Bank-assisted National Agricultural 

Research Project (NARP) {'ha.% 11, 

held at Laboratoire de Bioloyie, College 

de France, Concarneau, Cedex, 

France, during3 January to 20 Fehruary 

1995, on 17 April 1995 

Shri S.V. Alavandi, Scientist (Senior 

Scale), on his training in Micmhial 

Fermentation, at the University of 

Glasgow, under the World Rankassisted 

National Agricultural Research 

Project (NARP) Phase I1 on 

Aquaculture, during R August to 17 

September 1995, on 31 Oktober 1995 

- Dr. M. Krishnan, Scicntist(Senior 

Scale), on his training at SEAFDEC, 

the Philippines, under JICA Fellowship 

for Third Countries Training 

Programme, during 27 September to 

25 Novcmher 1995, on 16 Ikcember 

1995 

Lectures 

The Scientists delivered the following 

lectures: 

- On Fish Feeds (Hnit and Meal) for 

Aquaculture, to the participan~s of 

UNII)O programme, at ('entral 

Leather Iksearch Institute, Madras, 

29 November 1995 

Dr. S.A. Ali 

- On Nutrition and Feeding ol Penacid 

Shrimp for their Sust~~inablc Aquaculture, 

to the participants of U(i(' 

programme, I~hi~r;~tIiitlasi~~i University, 

'lhiruchirapalii, 21 March 1996 

Dr. S.A. Ali 

L~ctures delivcrcd to tlic studcnts 01 

VI Semester H. lech-lnduslrinl Biotechnology 

in Aquaculture and Marine Iliotechnoltry)' 

at Centre fur Iliotcchnology. Anna 

University, duringl'chruary and March li)0O. 

- 1 latchcry icchnoloby lor ahrimp 

Dr. 1'. Ravichandran 

- Ilalchery technnloby for fishes 

Dr. A.R. 'lhirunavukkarasu 

- l iormonch for controlled spawningin 

fishes 

Dr. A.R. Thirunavukkarasu

- Micro-encapsulated diet Biocapsulation 

Composite feed 

Dr. S.A. Ali 

- Bioenergetics and feed selection 

Dr. M. Natarajan 

- Live feed organisms - mass culture 

technique (AHemia and rotilers) 

Dr. S. Kulasekarapandian 

- Bacterial and fungal diseases of 

shrimp and fish - diagnosis, prevention 

and control 


- InteractionMeetingon Development 

of Aquaculture Feed, at Dept. of 

Biotechnology, New Delhi, 12 October 

1995 

- 1st meetingon Marineilnland Fisheries 

Advisory Board, Govt. of Tamil 

Nadu, Madras, 1 November 1995 

- 20th meeting of Central Board of Fisheries, 

Calcutta, 34 November 1995 

- Patents Committee meeting, Calcutta, 

4 November 1995 

- Meeting with World Bank Team on 

Aquaculture, M.S. Swaminathan Research 

Foundation. Madras, 15 November 

1995 

me 

- 

Director attended,prticipated in 

Meeting with World Bank Review 

Mission for Shrimp Culture, FA0 ofthe 

following meetings/conferences: 

fice, New Delhi, 28 November 1995 

- National Conference on Sustainable 

Aquaculture at Anna University, Ma- - G1mmittee meeting to review 

dras, 5 April 1995 

the work of Fisheries College and Research 

Institute, TANVASU, Tutico- 

- Conference on Informatics for Sus- rin, 9-10 February 1996 

tainable Agriculture Development, 

New I>elhi, 24-25 May 1995 - 9th Plan Working Group on Fisheries, 

Dept, of Agriculture and Coop- 

- First mecting of the Technical C'meration, 

Ministry of Agriculture, 

mittee for Reviewing Incidence and 

Govt. of India, New Delhi, 19 Febru- 

Causes of Shrimp Diseases, at the 

aty 19% 

Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation, 

Ministry of Agriculture, New - ICAR Director's Conference, New 

Delhi, 5-7 July 1995 Delhi. 26-29 February 1996 

- Mid-year ICAR Director's Confer- - 77th meeting of MPEDA , Kochi, 21 

ence, ICAR, New Delhi, 10-14 July March 1996 

1995 - Governing Cnuncil meeting of An- 

- 9th meeting of Extension Council, daman and Nicobar Islands Shrimp 

CIFE, Mumbai, 21 July 1995 

Farming Development Agency. 

- Governing Council meeting of 

MPEDA, Kochi, 22 March 1996 

OSSPARC, Madras, 25 July 1995 

The Scientists attendediparticipated 

- Meeting on Coastal Fisheries Man. in the meetings: 

agement Project, BOBP, Madras, 28- - Second meeting of Expert Cormnittee 

29 July 1995 on Fishermen Welfare, Fisheries De- 

- Second meeting of the Technical velopment ad Fisheries Management 

Committee on Shrimp Diseases, Min. Policy, Directorate of Fisheries, Maistry 

of Agriculture, GOM, of India, dras 26 February 1996 

Madras, 14 September 1995 

Dr. R.D. Prasadam 

10

- Interaction meeting on Aquaculture 

Feed Development organised by 

Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, 

New Delhi, 12-13 October 1995 

Dr. S. Ahamad Ali and 

Shri D. Narayansswarny 

- Meeting on project ARIS(Agricultural 

Research and Information Service), 

Indian Institute of Horticultural 

Research, Bangalore, 4 May 1995 

Dr. M. Krishnan 

- Brain Storming Session sponsored hy 

the Dept, of Biotechnology on Microbial 

Pollution of Coastal Environment 

and Shrimp Diseases held at 

lndian Institute of Technology, Madras, 

30 January 1996 


Honours and Awards 

Dr. S. S. Mishra, Scientist, has been 

selected as the recipient for the Jawaharlal 

Nehru Award for the year 1995 for his work 

on 'Molecular characterisationof fnwlpnxvirus: 

Analysis of protein and genomic profile of 

vaccine strain and Geld isolates' at Indian 

Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 

U.P. 

Dr. P. Kishore Chandra, Scientist, was 

awarded the doctoral degee in Animal Cienetics 

and Breeding in the Faculty of Veterinary 

Science by the Andhra Pradesh 

Agricultural University for his thesis cntitled'Studies 

on some aspects of progeny testing 

of buffalo hulls', in March 1996. 

Library, Infomution and Documentation 

Library holdings 

The Institute's library acquired 82 

books during the period. To meet the reference 

needs and for updating the current 

knowledge of the scientists, subscriptions to 

14 foreign and 18 Indian journals were also 

made. The library, in March 1996, had a total 

holding 01 902 books, 435 reprints and photocopies, 

250 reports and 500 miscellaneous 

publications. 

Exchange services 

The library maintained exchange programmes 

with national and international organisations 

of mutual interest. The library 

maintained the free mailing of Institute's 

Annual Report and other publications lo 

various research organisations, universities 

and other agencies. 

Lnfom~ahon services 

The library section extended its information 

service to the scientific personnel of 

research organisations, universities, research 

scholars, students and individuals, through 

reference of books and journi~ls in the library. 

Publications 

- Annual Report for the year 1993-94 

- Annual Keport for the year 1994-95 

- Proceedings of the National Workshop 

on 'I'ramfer of Technology for 

Sustainable Shrimp Farrniny, hcld at 

Madras, on 9-1OJanuary 1995, March 

1996 

- CIBA Extension Series No.1, Shrimp 

Culturc: I'ond Preparation. March 

1990 

- CIBA Extension Series No. 2, Shrimp 

Culture: Water (Juality Manttgcment, 

March 1996 

- CIBA Iixtension Series No. 3, Shrimp 

Culture: Feeds and Feed Managcment, 

March 19% 

- CIDA 1;xtensionSeries Ntr. 4, Shrimp 

Culture: Di.wases and Health mnapmenl, 

March 1996 

- CIHA Fxtension Series No. 5, Chlorination 

in Brackishwater Aquaculture, 

March 1996

- ClBA Iixlension Series No. 6, lime 

and its Application in Brackishwater 

Aquaculture, March 196 

- CII3A Exlension Series No. 7, Training 

Programmes in ClBA, March 

1996 

- CIHA Brochure, March 1996 

Headquartere 

Dr. It. S. I'artxln, Secretary to (iovt. ol India. 

Ikpl, of Agricullural Kcsearch & Iiducation(L)ARH) 

and 1)ircctor General. ICAR 

Dr. P. V. I)ehadrai, 1)eputy 1)iructor (icneral 

(Vy), l(~AI< 

Dr. K. Riidhakrishna, Asrl. 1)ircclor General 

(M.l,.y), ICAIt 

Shri N. I'srlhnwr;lthy, Joint Secrclary, (;ovl. 

of India and Financial Advisor, 1)A1

PROGRESS OF RESEARCH 

CRUSTACEAN CUI-TURE DI1'ISIOP.j 

Development of hatchery technology for 

penacid shrimp (CCD/HT/l) 

Madras : L. H. Rao (PL), K. Devarajan, 

P. Ravichandrm. M. Kathirvel, K. 0. 

Joseph, P. S. Sudeesh, C. P. Balasubramanyam 

Imelda Joseph, K. Rangeshwaran, S. S. 

Mishra and P. S. P. Gupta. 

Narakkal : A. Laxminarayana and 

S.M. Pillai 

Puri : C. P. Rangaswny and S. Srinivasagam 

Development of captive broodstock 

A captive broodstwk of tip shrimp 

Penneuc monodon was successfully dcveloped 

under pond conditions at Muttukadu. 

Adult 1'. tnonodon of average sim 160 mm / 

33 g were stocked in a O.075 ha non-drainable 

pond at a density of 0.8 no./m2 and fed with 

CIBA pclleted feed initially @ 3%. of total 

biomass gradually reduced to I.?%, supplemented 

with woked clam mcitl given @ 3% 

of total biomass and also gradually reduced 

to 1%. An avcrage six (of 200 mm ! 85 g 

(femalcs of avcragc sife 204 mm 193 g and 

males 195 mm :' 77 g) was attained in 6 

months period. 'Ihr pond water salinity \ras 

maintained betwecn 20 to 31 ppl by regular 

exchange (10-IS(#!) of seawater drawn from 

an intertidal borewell. 

Induced maturation 

The pond-reared broodstock ii8i re 

used for conducting induced breedingcxpcrimcnts. 

Initial cxpriments with uni1atcr:lIl) 

ablated females maintained in I'ItP (:ink\, 

with l(J0'X water exchange daily and lctl on 

clam 2nd squid meat Q 154 of total biom;lss 

supplemented with polychaetcs @ 10% ol 

total biomass, have yielded encouraging results. 

Viable eggs and naupliiwere prtduced 

and the larvae were successfully reared using . 

Chaetocem affutis and Anemia nauplii as 

larval feeds. 'he rate of survival from nauplii 

to PU and from PLY to YL.20 was 41.6% and 

50% respectively. 

Backyard hatchery technology 

Adopting backyard hatchery technology, 

hreeding and Iawal rearing trials lor the 

seed production of 1'. monodon were iniGated 

at Muttukiidu using C. affinis and 

Aaemra nauplii as liiwal feeds. At Narakkal, 

trials were continued on the improvement of 

backyard hatchery technology for the seed 

production of 1'. rrulrcu.\. 

Quality control tesb for penaeid post-lar 

vae 

'10 evaluate the quality of seed produced 

in the commercial shrimp halcheries, 

post-larvae were collected from different 

hatcheries and subjected to several quality 

control tests which included visual obsewalions 

vu., khaviour, colour and activity; microscopic 

tests rrz., muscle-gut ratio, 

condition of gut, incclmpletc moulting, mus. 

cle deformity, broken appendages, number 

ol rostra1 spines, bacterial and lungwl infcction, 

l'orirceUa 1 %oo~itut~tn~u~n, MIIL' occlusion 

bodies etc. and stress tcsts vrz., exposure 

to 1(Kl ppm concentr;~tion of formalin and 

sudden si~linity decrease (SO%). Aclivc postlarvae 

with full gut, no muscle deformity or 

broken appndagc~, with muscle gut ri~tio 

morc than 4: 1, witbout bacterialllunpal!MHV 

inlection and with the ability to 

withstitnd stress test5 were considered 

grade I larvae suitable for stxking. 

Studiesonlong-distancetransportationof 

broodstock 

Prcliminiiry expcrirncnta werc conducted 

on the transportation of broodstwk 

ofP. monodon IP. indicus using anaesthetics

vu., MS-222 ('l'ricane Methane Sulphate) 

and by laveringwater temperatwesto26,22, 

20, 17 and 15'C. In the first instance, it was 

ohserved that sedation of shrimp could not 

be induced hy MS-222 at 100 or 200 ppm. 

I.ow temperatures ranging from 20-22'C 

were found to hc suitable for the transportation 

of hroodsttrk. P. moncxlon (average 

six *.M g) acclimatixd lo these low tcmperaturcs, 

ctiuld he transprtcd successfully 

for periodc ranging from 24 to 48 hrs. 

Evaluation of sperm qualily in captive 

broodstock 

Studies on the cflect of unili~leral cyestiilk 

iihli~tirin on spcrm quality in cilplive P. 

tnoncdon hrood~tock (17.5 - 195 mm 1.55-7.5 

g) revw~led thill the pcrccnta~! ol live sperms 

i ahnormill sperm ;~nd nunlkr of sperms in 

the spermwtclpht)rcs of i~hli~lcd males were 

not significantly dilfcrcnt (1'

mani, K. 0. Joseph, P. S. Sudeesh and 

Imelda Joseph 

Algal dhup 

Axenic cultures of Chaetocem calcitmn. 

and Skelelonema costaturn were maintained 

in UV filtered seawater undcr 

temperature controlled conditions (20- 

24OC) at a light intensity of 1,000-1,500 lux. 

A maximum cell density of 4.2 million 

cellslml of C, calc$mnr was ohtained in 5-7 

days with Walne's medium. S. costrrturn 

reached a density of 50,Oo cells!ml in 4-6 

days with TMRL medium. Mass culture of 

C. afinis was carried out in outdoor tanks 

using TMRL medium and a density t~f 1 to 

1.5 million cells!ml was ohtaincd in 48 hours. 

Rotifer culture 

Continuous culture 01 rotiler 

Bruchlonus plicurilis was maintained in outdoor 

tanks (1.5 ton capacity) with ('hlorellrr 

as feed. An average densityof 160 no./ml wns 

obtained after 4 days from an initial density 

of 5-8 no./ml. 

Brine shrimp culture 

The natural population 111 the hrine 

shrimpAt~ernia sp, in thc Kclamhakkani saltpan 

arca was ohscmed to hc: dominatcd hy 

the San 1:rancixo Bay strain. Culture 01 this 

spccier was taken up during August 1905 in ;I 

0.4 hi1 pond 211 Kelamhakkam, at an increased 

stocking density (11 200 nauplii,'litrc, 

with a view to restrict the culturc iwriod to 3 

months. A m:utimum densilynl252 no.!I will1 

486 ovoviviparous females was attained at 

the end of 41 dayswhen the salinity gradually 

increased from 70 to 120 ppt. A shift to 

oviparous stage (42%) with production of 

cysbwas observed when the salinity was lowered 

from 120 to 100 ppt from day 41 to day 

53 tlowever, the experiment wasvitiated In 

October 1995 due to incessant rains. 

Attempts were made to enrich xclcond 

inslar Snn Francisco Bay strain A~retniu sp. 

nauplii with ctd liver oil emulsion over a 

period of 24 hnurs. Ihe quality of enrichcd 

nauplii in respect of thcir fatty acid composition 

is hcing nnalysed. 

Culture of mud crab (Sfljlln sp.) 

(CCD/CFP) 

Madras : M. Kilthiwel and ('. 1'. Iialasuhrnmanyam 

Kakdwip : I'.K.(;hosh 

Ihe growth ol the mud crah ScyUu 

t~nqurbutica undcr pond conditions at Muttukadu,on 

adict of trash fish @ 10'% of body 

weight, was encouraging. At a stocking dcnsily 

of 2/m2, the smallcr six group 66 mm I 

44 g has shown 21 monthly ~ owth rate of I? 

mm i I4 g whilc thc larger ci7c group 87 mrn 

i 90 g Il~~'c~0rdctl ;I m~lnthlq growlh rate of 

16 mm : 7 1 g, thc livcriigc growth rccordcd i~t 

thc cnd of ? months hcing $0 rnm ' 71 g and 

110 mm '23.1 g rcspri.ti\'cly. Whc~l thc adul! 

cr'lhh (1% mm i 325 g) wrrc .;t~~ckcd (tr 1:nitllc 

monthly growth rate recorded \

FISH CULTURE DIVISION 

~ e dcvclopmcn~ k bmoding 4 availability of mature females in the comnwrptoduction 

bnCkishw&r fin- cia1 catches at the above ctnlres during the 

fish- (FCD/BW) 

perid, At Narakkd, 4 fishcs in the si~r 

range 5.500 mml1.6 kg to 560 mmr2.5 kg wcre 

Madras : R. I). I'rrsadam (I'L), subjected to a omhindlion of hormones vk., 

Mathew /\braham A. K. lhirunwukkarasu, (PI1 with pimozide, ovaprim and I.HIlH in 

Munawar Sultana, P. Kishore Chandra, M. various doses. I-lowevrr, mortalit)! of spawn. 

Kailsam and SJliranee Pereira. 

ers occurred due to infection after hlrrmonc 

treatment. 

Narakkrl : I. Krishnan 

Cbntinued efforts wcre made lo build 

Considernble progress has hcen mdde up a caplive hroodstock ,,f scrlhass L ~ eel/. ~ ~ 

under thc finfish hrtu,dsttxk development 

clmnjtr (112 fishes in the sire range 410 

proyammc, A cnrtivc hrotdstock of F ~Y mmj0.75 kg lo 860 mm,l~),~ kg), 

mullel Mugil ct.phnlris (140 fishes of si~c commercial calches M ~ ~ . 

. 

rang! 0.3 11, 1.2 kg) prtrurcd Trom thc uim- lukaduKov;~l:rm, in pindc and cages at Mulmrciill 

ciltchcs ill MutlukaduIKtrvalirm wcrc 

iukadu. Ihr fishcswerc maintained onil diet 

mainlained in n non- tlrninshlc carthe11 pind .li,llprcl 5,,; h,dy dilily, 

(0.075 ha) M ~ i l ~ on k a ~ diclo' d ~ 

I he prohiem cnc,lunlered during 

lntcd maturation feeds (proximale compi$ihnxrdsltrk 

maintenance, w;ts infestation hy 

tion : crudc prolein3.(.5'%, crudc lipid 5.24%. parasites I.IZ., prnto7o;ln 7ilchodmu sp., 

crud' 3.16';' carboh~dra'c 26'S4') mllnt,gnic lremalldc I)ip,l.cla,lrl,n ctl- 

@I 5% of hdy wcight daily. Suhscqucnlly. 

pepd ('1111p.r sp., I.emonfhrop~~.i sp.. I.cn?~c.u 

during Ikcemhcr 1')05, the s1oc.k we\ 1r;inrferred 

twlr c,lnslrucled I

May-June 1995 were nursery reared in hap 

ad ponds. The fry were reared in a pond 

(150 m2 area) fertilised prior to stockin& with 

raw cowdung @ 1.200 kgha and urea @ 300 

kgha for producion of lab-lah. At a stocking 

density of 1.06.667 no.h and maintained on 

adiet of lablab (the natural f d of milkfish) 

and supplementary feeds (groundnut oil cake 

and rice bran in the ratio of 1:l) @ 3% of 

body weight, the fry attained an average size 

of 120mm/l3ginM)dayswitha rewveryrate 

of 62.5%. me lab-lab growth was sustained 

by fertilisation with raw ww-dung and urea 

@ hOO kglu and 150 kgiha respectively, at 

fortnightly intervals. In hapas, @ 125 no./mL 

stocking density and mintained on supplcmentsry 

feeds as mentioned above given @ 

of of weight, the fry attained itn average 

size of 86 mmiS g in 45 days with a 

survival rate 57.2%. 

Grow-out rearing of milkfish under 

pen culture (0.4 ha pn) at Muttukadu @. 

5,MX) no./ha stocking density and with sup 

plemcntary feed$ I~Z., groundnut oil cake and 

rice bran (1:1), gavc encouraging rcsults.Thc 

avcrap six ol fish attained over a rearing 

period of 6 months was 296 mm 1 191 g from 

an initial average of 120 mm 1 13 g. Under 

pond culture (polyculturc with P. indiela) 

over 

- 

a period 016 months, at a low qtocking 

dcnsitv of 2.000 no./hn find with sunnlcmen- .. 

tary feeds, the average si7t of fish attaincd 

was 3413 g from an initial zlverilpe siz ol 50 

! 

kfld6 months, Inmonoculture, withscdOf 

for a period of one month on pelleted feed @ 

5% of body weight. The fishes on reaching 

an average size of 105 mm/ 15 gwere stocked 

in two grow-out ponds (0.15 hneach) at Muttukadu 

@ 2,033no./ha and fed on a diet of 

groundnut oil cake and rice bran (1:l) @ 2 2 

of body weight. The average growth nttained 

over a period of 6 months was354 mm/SlR g. 

Nursery rearing and grow-out culture 

of xabass L. culcurifer was su~~essfuliy carried 

out at Kakdwip. Seabass seed, of averag 

si7e 20 mm / 120 mg nursery reared @ 

14.000no.ha, attained an sveragc size of 142 

nun I37 g at the end of 94 days. With subsequent 

&TOW- out rearing, for a period of one 

year, the fishes attained an averagc size of 

3Mm1312g. 

Culture of pearlspot Etroplus suratcnsb 

I'earlspt seed of averng si7e 80 rnm 

i 8 g stocked in 0.062 ha pnd ;it Kakdwip @) 

10,000 nc>.ha during Novemhcr 1944 and fed 

on adict of fish meal, groundnut oil cake and 

rice bran (I: I: I) @I 2-34 ofbody weight twicc 

daily, attained an avcr;igc :el/*: of 153 mm 173 

g in 1)ecemhcr 1905. 

Integrated fish cum poultry fanning 

] 

In ordcr to drvclop low-input sustainwith 

()[ 821 ahlc prtxluction tcchnologics, mixed culture 

of compatible finfish species integrated with 

size 4q mmll g, stocked @, 22,667 poultry farming was taken up at Madras 

noha, the fishes attained an averag si/c of 

in mon,hs, Similarly el 

(Multuk;idu). Kaktlwip and Nirri~kkal. At 

IOU, stocking densities riinginp from 10,SOU 

no.ihuat N2irilkki1l (with only pei~rlspot) Itr 

Kakdwip, under monoculture a culture 

pcriodOl.yne year,al 2,830 20,000 no./ha ;tt Madras and Ktlkdwip (with 

hoth shrimp and lirh) ant1 with less input, 

no./ha [be fishes attained an avcragc six 01' 

320 mm i24U g from an initial iiveragc of 130 relying solely on nature1 production of food 

organisms generated by the decomposition 

mmi18g. 

of p~ultry . . 

manure, the growth of fishes and 

Culture of p y mullet Mu@'/ cephalus shrimp under integrated farming conditions 

was encouraging. 'Ihc poultry consisting of 

Grey mullet seed of averitge si7r 98 laycr birds were houscd in a shed/cnges (at a 

m~lOgcollectedfromMuttukadu~oval~im stocking density of S(K) no.ha), constructed 

backwaters, were reared in n nurscry pond over onc of the pnds , Tllc fislles in the 

17

oontnd pwd vcre maintained only on 6ip 

phmmy feed (groundnut cake and rice 

bran 1:l). At M&M, mid culture of tiger 

sbrimpP.moncdonwithM.ocphalusandE. 

mMlgUy WM cad out in two ponds, each 

0.05 ho ma. In the nrptrimntal pond with 

poultry, P. d n grew to an average size 

of 18 gin 3 months of rearingfrom an initial 

average size of 1 g, while pearlspot and M. 

ccphalw reached an averagc size of 38 and 43 

g napsctively in4 months of rearing, fmm an 

initial mrage of 115 and 3.1 g respectively. 

At Narakkal, pearlspot attained an average 

size 169 m I 109 g ow;r one year culture 

pcriod in the poultry inlegratad pond compared 

to 153 mrn174 gin the control. Average 

size at stocking was 77 mm I 10 g. At 

Wdwip, P. modn ad grey mullet Ltur 

pama of initial average size 12 mm and 30 

mm respectively, attained an average size of 

110 mm and 40 mm respectively in 3 months 

culture period in the poultry integrated pond.

Fdon Collector

- 

ELISA R-der 

b 

-- --

' 1 

Poultky cum fiswshrimp farming at Kakdwip Centre 

& 

3 &s aM Rhode Island Rltl Vrcty layer birds ' ' " 

/a

Broadstock holding facility for seabass and mullet at Murtukadu 

W : 

. 

., 

. , 

' 1 4 $2 

*, ..A 

A mini-bus for the transportation of staff to the field centre

TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT DIVISION 

Developmmt of feeds for aq~ucdhm of 

brackisbwater shrimp and finfishes 

m P ) 

Madm : S. A. Ali (PL), M. Natarajan, 

D. N. Swamy, N. Kalaimani, C. Gopl, J.V. 

Ramana, K. K. Krishnani and M. Shashi 

SheLhar 

Puri : C. P. Rangawamy 

Mhputiculate feeds for shrimp larvae/ 

post-1mae 

Micro-particulate feeds developed by 

the Institute for shrimp larvae and post-larvae 

were further improved by replacement of 

the milk protein, casein, with an equivalent 

amount of duck egg and by increase of total 

Lipid content with the addition of fish oil. The 

proximate composition of the feed prepared 

by freeze- drying is as follows : protein 46.3%, 

fat 15.0%, carbohydrate 17.0%, ash 10.93% 

crude fibre 0.42% and moisture 10.45%. 

This feed was successfully tested onP. monodon 

larvae (Nauplius G) stocked in FRP 

tanks (each 500 litre capacity) 6) 10 no.11 

The survival rate of larvae upto PLl at the 

end of 8-9 days, when fed on a mixed diet of 

micro-particulate feed (2.5 g/tank) and diatoms 

(20,003 cells/ml), was much higher 

(90%) than those fed exclusively on diatoms 

(40,000 crells/ml), or microdiets (5.0 gl tank) 

(73% and 40.6% respectively). In the case of 

post-larvae (PLl to PL20), stocked in similar 

tanks @ 4 no.11, though the sumival rate 

recorded at the end of 20 dayswas higher with 

microdiet (2.5 mglpost-larvae) alone, being 

57%, than with Artemla nauplii (20 naupliilpost-larvae), 

being 42%, the growth of 

post-larvae was better when fed with live feed 

clam meat, squid meal, polychaete worn 

and gingelly cake. One of the feeds, containing 

40% protein and incorporating free 

amino acids as attractants, was found to be 

readily accepted by the shrimp. The feeds 

were analysed for their essential amino acid 

composition (EAA) (Table 1). Bawd on this, 

the formulations were further refined to 

match the EAA profile of shrimp muscle. 

Feeding trials with ablated animals are undelway. 

A feed was also formulated for the 

broodstock of grey mullet. M. cephalur, using 

indigenous ingredients vu., fish meal (16%). 

soya flour (18%), groundnut cake (a%), 

cotton seed cake (S%), wheat bran (IS%), 

wheat flour (10.0%), maida (2.3%), alfalfa 

(4.8%), vegetable oil (6%), yeast (O.S%), 

Spirulina (0.2%) and vitamins, minerals end 

antioxidants (2.2%). The feed prepared as 

dry pellets was found to be readily accepted 

by the fish. 

Goosebeny u, a source of vitamin C in 

shrimp feeda 

Gooseberry as a source of Vitamin C 

was tested in the diet of tiger shrimp P. 

monodon. Feeding trials with juveniles for a 

period of 30 days indicated better growth and 

survival of shrimp when gooseberry was incorporated 

in a standard diet at 3% level (dry 

weight) compared to diets fortified with plain 

and protected vitamin C (Phosphate derivative). 

Improvement of farm-made shrimp feeds 

in selected areas through Farmers Contact 

Prognmme 

(16.6 mm at PL20) than with minodiet (14.4 A comprehensive survey was conmm 

at PUO). 

ducted on the use and improvements in fam- 

~ ~ ~ md testhg ~ lof feeds d for i made ~ shrimp ~ feeds in the districts of 

broodstock shrimP/fish 

Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam and Nellore in 

Andhra Pradesh. The survey revealed that. 

Feeds were formulated for the brood- commercial shrimp feeds, both indigenous 

stock of tiger shrimpP. monodm using fresh and imported have largely replaced hitherto

Table 1 : kntial amino acid profile of maturation feeds 

Formula l Formula 11 Form& 111 Formula IV 

valine . 1.97 7.05 1.56 5.50 1.52 4.74 2.34 6.79 

Methionine 0.42 1.49 0.32 1.15 0.35 1.11 0.55 1.59 

lmleufine 0.82 2.93 1.55 5.50 1.41 4.43 2.18 6.32 

Leucine 1.14 4.07 0.97 3.44 0.85 2.66 1.34 3.88 

Tyn>sine 0.89 3.17 0.68 2.42 0.67 2.11 1.02 2.97 

Phenylalanine 1.61 5.75 1.30 4.58 I 3.64 1.76 5.12 

Hislidinc 0.69 2.48 0.63 2.24 0.57 1.79 0.84 2.44 

1,ysinc 0.43 1.53 0.27 0.96 0.39 1.23 0.67 1.95 

Arginine 1.63 5.83 1.55 5.47 1.22 3.83 2.28 6.61 

EAAI 0.95 - 0.92 - 0.96 - 0.96 .. 

(on muscle 

profile) 

EAAI 0.99 - 096 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 

on re uirement 

Ltudie!) 

'17'-7i)tal protein; EM1 - likwntial amino acid index 

used larm-made feeds. An intereslingdcvclopmcnl 

in this rcgion was the estahlishment 

ol small-xwle shrimp feed mills operaling on 

hire basis and catering to the nccds of individual 

fnrmers. Some of thcse fi~rmers wcre 

given advisory setvia, in feed formulation. 

use ol hinders and feed processing techniqucs. 

Fan-wale shrimp feed processing and 

production technology 

A Icchnology packagc was dcvclopecl 

for small-wale shrimp feed processing and 

production using a nutritionally ht11;inccd 

feed, formulnled with indibwnou.; ingcdients 

such K( squid meal, fish meal, dirimp head 

meal, wyhcan meal etc., tocater k~ the needs 

of small and medium shrimp farmers prwctising 

improved extensive wd semi-intensive 

culture of tiger shrimp P. monodon. Bmd 

on this technology package, a proposal has 

ken prepared for the cstahlishment of a 

farm-scale feed production unit for the Andhra 

Pradesh State Fisheries Department at 

I'allithumalapalem near Machilipatnam. 

Several requests have also been received 

from diffcrent organisations for setting up 

captive farm-scale shrimp feed production 

units. 

Production and testing of formulated 

grow-out shrimp feeds developed by the 

Institute in selected farmers ponds 

A grow-out shrimp Seed lormulation 

developed hy the Institute was successfully 

tested under ficld conditions in a private 

farmer's pnnd at Ongole, in Andha Pradesh. 

'lhc feed, formulated usingindigcnous ingedients 

I~z., fish meal, squid meal, soybean 

meal, shrimp head meal, squilla meal, wheat 

flour, vitamins, minerals and additives 

(proximate composition: crude protein

41.5696, fat 8.13% carbohydrate 21.9746, 

moisture 53%, crude fibre 4.46% and ash 

1854%) was supplied in 4 grades namely 

Pre-starter (0.5 mm), Starter (1.0 mm), 

Grower and Finisher (3 mm). At a stocking 

density of 70,000 noha, P. monodon (PL20) 

attained an average size of 22 g in 112 days, 

the growth being comparable to that achieved 

with imported mmmercial feeds. 

Production and testing of shrimp feeds in 

interaction with industry 

In order to promote interaction with 

the shrimp industry for on-farm research, 

steps have been initiated to collaborate with 

the commercial feed manufacturers for 

large-scale production of feeds wing the feed 

formulations developed by the Institute. 

'Testing of these feeds under field conditions 

in association with the industry will be subsequently 

taken up. 

Development of standards for quality 

control of shrimp feeds 

To develop quality standards for 

shrimp feeds, fifteen commercial feeds (both 

indigenous and imported) were ana1yst.d for 

their proximate composition. Indigenous 

feeds generally showed higher percentag ol 

acid insoluble ash compared to imp~rted 

feeds. Moisture content of some of the feeds 

analy.sed was high (17%). Water stability of 

pellets determined at different time intervals 

indicated that loss in weight of pellets occurred 

in the first half-hour and almost remained 

constant upto seven hours. Studies 

are in progress using standard AOAC methods 

to estimate the total volatile nitrogen 

which determines the rancidity of fat for 

stored feed samples. 

Diagnosis, prophylaxis and control of die 

eases of commexcially impottant brackish 

water shrimp/fish (TIDPISP) 

Madras : S. V. Alavandi (PL), T.C. 

Santiago, K. K. Vijayan, S. S. Mishra, K. V. 

Rajendran, M.Shashi Shekhar and K.O. 

Joseph. 

Shrimp farms in the coastal districts of 

Orissa vu., Bhadrak and Balasnre and Andhra 

Pradesh vu., East Godavari, West Godavari, 

Krishna and Prakasam were surveyed 

to investigate the shrimpdisease outbreaksin 

those areas. Detalled microbiological and 

histopathological investigations revealed 

that the white spot disease was the major 

cause of mortality of shrimpP. monodon and 

1'. indrcus in most of the farms. Analysis of P. 

rnonodon samples from shrimp farms near 

Kannur (Kerala) revealed that the disease 

had also struck the coastal districts along the 

west coast. Further, the incidence of white 

spot disease was also ~hserved in the brtx>dstock 

ol IJ. rnutzdon in shrimp hatchcries at 

Madras and Nellore. 'The causative agent of 

this disease was idcntificd to hc a virus, the 

Systemic Eetodermal and Mesodermal Uaculovirus 

(SEMRV). Ihe major clinical ymptoms 

included circumscrikd white spots on 

the carapace and other parts of the cuticle, 

broken antennae and discolourntion of the 

hody. Experimental induction of the disease 

to study the host range of the virus revealed 

that in addition to shrimp, crabsof the genus 

SryUu were also affected by the disease. 

Studies on the mode of transmission of the 

virus lo the host indicated that SliMDV infection 

can k elicited in healthy animals by 

feeding on the carcass of infected animals as 

well as by intra-muscular injection with extracts 

of gills from the same. 

Apart from the while spot disease, 

Monodon Bnculovirus (MBV) was also 

prevnlent in the farms in Andhra I'radesh and 

Tamil Nadu. The shrimp larvae were affected 

by this diwasc in some or the hatcheries 

'n Nellorc and Ongole (A.P) and 

Kovllam and Chinglepei ireas (T.N.). In 

addition lo these two major diseases, Vibriosis 

and protozoan infection cauwd by 

Zoothrrmnium sp, were also common in both 

hatcheries and farms.

Pmdbt&fe&lmtnc~yfntpolhut 

bmckidlwater finfiehes 

Adetailed study was conducted on the 

parasitic infection of seabass broodstock, 

Lmrer &rifer, held in ponds at Muttukadu. 

The fish were found infested with leech, Lernanthmpw 

sp., Ca&u sp., Dipkctanurn sp. 

and Amthocrphala 5.. The affected fish 

were treated with fomlin (100 ppm) and 

Dichlorovos (1 p). 

Development of diagnoetic tests 

Diagnostic tests ~iz., Dot immunoassay 

and Enzyme-linked imrnunosorbent assay 

(EI,ISA) were used for the rapid 

diagnosis of shrimp hactcrial diseases caused 

by Vibno sp. and Aerornonar sp. 1M) isolates 

of bacteria were tested and 65 were found to 

be positive for the former and 12 for the 

latter. 

Molecular characterisation of bacteria 

was initiated by isolation of plasmid DNA 

from a pathogenic Vihrio anguillnmm with 

subsequent restriction enzyme digestion. 

Izflorts were made to isolate the DNA 

from the spores of a microsporidian parasite 

which caused cotton shrimp discase in P. indrcu~, 

in order to prtduce a DNA probe for 

the early diagnosis of the disease and to 

screen the intermediate hosts. 

Studies on the ahrimp defence system 

Preliminary studies werc carried out 

on the basic immune systemof the shrimp, P. 

monodon. Two typcs of haemocytes, granulocytes 

and agranulocyles were identified 

and total haemocyte count (TI-lC) of normal 

shrimp of different moult stages was 

standardized. Studies on the variation of 

THC in experimentally disease-induced 

shrimp are underway to understand the diagnostic 

value of THC in viral diseases. Inter- 

cbpun; duImp / fish with specific 

@ognu 4 development of diseaee 

colltrol maPmrrs 

Use of bleaching powder and other chemicaWdrugs: 

Studies were conducted on the use of 

bleaching powder (chlorination) in the control 

6f viral diseases caused by SEMBV and 

MBV. Homogenised tissue samples from 

SEMBV-and MBV-infected shrimp were 

treated with various concentrations of 

bleaching powder ranging from 50 to 4000 

ppm at 4OC for different periods of time. 

Healthy P. monodon (5 g) were injected with 

SEMBV-infected tissue homogenate filtrate 

or fed with MBV-infected tissue samples. 

Observations indicated that treatment with 

high concentrations of bleaching powder i.e., 

1OOO ppm and above, for more than 5 hours, 

seemed to inactivate SEMBV / MBV. 

Different brands of commercially 

available bleaching powder were tested at 

various wncentrations ranging from 50 to 

4000 ppm (10 to 1OOO ppm chlorine) for their 

antibacterial activity. Tests with water from 

various sources with variablc organic load 

and peptone water indicated that the presence 

of proteins and organic matter reduced 

the antibacterial activity of bleaching powder. 

Various chemicals and drugs ii., wpper 

sulphate, formalin, malachite green, 

furamlidone, potassium permwganate, beniiilkoniumchloride, 

bromosept, tetracycline, 

sulphadizine, choramphenicol etc. were 

tested for their inhibitory effect on bacterial 

growth in wlm. 'he minimum inhibitory wnccntralion 

(MIC) for Vihrio sp. was estimated 

to be 100, 25, 6,25, 50, 1.5, 1.5, 50, 12 and 3 

ppm respectively. 

~ ~ ~ physiology ~ of d brackishwa- ~ ~ t 

ter fish md (TID/RPD) 

actions between haemocytes and Vihrio Madras : 7'.C. Santiago (PL), K. K. 

bacteriawere studiedin dm to identify their Vijayan, P. Kishore Chandra, M. Shashi 

role in defence functions vu., phagocytosis Shekhar, P. S. 1'. Gupta, K. K. Krishnani and 

and degnnulation. 

K. V. Rajendran. 

22

A selective breeding experiment was 

conducted with three size groups of P.mono- 

$on from three different mothers, to identify 

strains with disease resistance and faster 

growth. In order to rule out variationsdue to 

environmental factors all the animals were 

grown in identical conditions and the 

RNAlDNA ratio was periodically estimated 

from the three groups. Larger animals from 

3 mothers were shown to possess greater 

RNA/DNA ratio compared to smaller animals. 

Preliminary experiments conducted on 

disease resistance, indicated that larger animals 

exhibited better disease resistance compared 

to smaller animals. 

Studies on genetic manipulation for 

molecular sexing were initiated in the 

seabass Lates culcati~er. As a fit step, the 

technique of preparing metaphase chromosomes 

was standardised. 'Ihe chemical colchicine 

was injected into the fish (1 

rng~mI/l~ bodyweight) and blood samplks 

were collected and processed to obtain metaphase 

chromoso&s. Work is in progress to 

separate nucleii and prepare blocks for pulse 

field electrophoresis. 

Cryopreservation of milt was carried 

out using the milt of grey mullet M, cephalw 

diluted in the extender Fish Ringer and cryoprotectant 

5% dimethyl sulphoxide 

(DMSO). lhe cryoprese~ved milt was tested 

periodically for motility estimation. The samples 

showed a post-thaw motility around 

50%.

AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING AND ENVJRONMENT DIVISION 

soil and w m q~;lllty md productivily 

Soil and wakrquality and biolw 

prom-gement 

for sustainable shrimp dudivity in elation to ~~ p e e s 

f- (AEEDW) 

The soilandwater quality and biological 

productivity was studied in relation to 

Madras : B. P. GupLa 

culture practices in a commercial farm at 

Joseph K' Kri*nani7 M' and Venkannapalem, Nellore (A.P.). The data 

P.S. Sudeesh 

recorded 

~ ~ 

during - the culture phase in both 

semi-intensive and extensive types of culture 

Kakdwip : R. K. Chakraborti 

svstems is presented in Table 2. Soil conditions 

were also noted during pond prepara- 

Nnhual productivity and its enhamement tion and after harvest. There was a significant 

by application of diffe~nt manures and increw in organic carbon in both systems 

fedilizera from culture to harvest period (Table 2). 

Mud reducing conditions were comparatively 

higher in semi-intensive culture (Eh 

'To understand the natural productiv- -180 mV) than extensive culture (Eh-120 

ity and its enhancement in culture Systems, a ,,,v), 

series of yard experiments were conducted 

using different organic and inorganic ma- Changes in soil-water interface due to acnurcsvu., 

cattle dung@; 196, poultry manure cumulated organic matter 

ti)0.3%, urea @! 50 kdha and single superphosphate 

@! 330 k~h:, added singly or in 

combination lo filtered scawatcr held in 1 ton 

In order to study thi changes in soilcapacity 

cement tanks with a 10 cm layer of water interface due to accumulation of orsaline 

mil at thc bottom and the effect on ganic matter, a yard experiment was initiated 

plankton and benthos production was aa- using cement tanks (1 ton capacity) holding 

sesscd before nnd after rc;lrin# postl:Iw;le CII filtered seawater with a 10 cm layer of saline 

P, monodon (ilverage weight 0.3~) (ri R soil at the bottom. Different size groups of 

nc>./m2. 'Ihc water and u~il quzllit) ~n tlie shrimp^)^., 0.3 g, 7.0 g and 16 g werc stocked 

tank was ani~lvscd 211 weekly intcnitl.; lor a in thc tanks @; 8 no.im2 and fed with suitable 

periodc)1?9dziysprior tocl~x.kingthc shrimp. Iced provided in starter, grower and finishcr 

'Ihe ammonia (0.iNN - 0.018 ppm), nitrite grades @ 8%, 5% and 3% of body weight 

(0.005 . 0.01 pprn), ('01) (5.0 - 17.6 pprn), rcspcctively. At the cnd of a period of W 

B01) (2.8 - 6.0 pprn) and 112S (I3D1.) wcrc days, the values ol Eh and orjianic carbon 

found to be within acccptilhle Icvcls with dif- wcrc found to bc highcr with finisher feed 

lercnt types (ir mznurc and frrtilF~rr trr;hc- (Ch-130 mV, orgi~nicarhon 0.19%) though 

mCnls. lIil~('~cr thc soil ~lhitsc regiitvrrd ;I with~n acceptable limits, than with starter 

reducing conditi(>n (I:h -7(1 to -120 m\') ern (I:h - 100 mV, organic carbon ().lhq,) or 

treatment with manures. Ilighcr producti\- power feeds [E:h .115mv, organic carbon 

ity was noticed with,cornhincd trciitnlc~~t\ 0.16?4). The concen~ri~tio~ of ammoniii 

(I 14.5 - 277.0m~'im."hr) At thc rnd ollhc (O.(K)S ppm) and nilr;tc ((1,019 ppm) werc 

pcrir~d the shrimp wcrc intnxluced for rear- also higher with finishcr leetl colnpilred to 

ing with and without supplemcnti~ry feed tor startcr and gclwer feeds (0.002 0.(~)5 

a period of 120 days. The experiment iq in ppm respectively for starter feed ,!nd 0.003 

progresr. 

and 0.07 ppm respectively for power feed). 

21

Table 2: Soil and water quality in relation to culture practices-study in a commercial farm 

(45 ha, at Venkannapalem, Nebre) 

A. Wabr Quality 

Parameten Exlensive Semi-inlensive 

Transparency, 100.0 120.0 

Alkalinity, ppm 120.0 158.0 

Dissolved @.yge~ ppm 6.2 7.4 

Total Suspended Solids, ppm 106.0 112.0 

Nitrate, ppm 0.08 0.09 

Orthophosphate, ppm 0.008 0.009 

B. Soil condition 

Culture Alter During pond 

Parameters period hawest preparation 

(Sept.95) (Okt.'95) (Jan.'96) 

EX SI EX SI EX SI 

PH 8.4 8.7 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.1 

EC (mmhodcm) 5.4 4.6 9.5 9.2 18.8 17.6 

Eh (mV) -120 -180 +20 +17 ND +.SO 

Organic Carbon (%) 0.21 0.27 0.60 0.77 0.18 0.27 

EX - Eutcndve; SI - Semi-intensive 

Evaluation of effects of bioaugmentors hrackishwater culture ponds at Muttukadu, a 

and other chemicals used in shrimp farms geared windmill was installed and its performance 

was evaluated. The discharge rate 

The effect of 2 bioaupentors riz., was measured and found to vary from 300 to 

bio-clean and super oxygen 3 ppm each 1200 litres / hour depending on wind speed. 

and 4 chemicals vL., sodium nitrate @ 10 The economic feasibility of windmill was 

ppm, calcite and dolomite @ 25, 50 and 100 worked out in comparison with diesel and 

ppm for both and KMN04 @ 2.5,S.O and 7.5 electrically-operated pumps. The internal 

ppm, wasevaluated on the mud redox poten- rate of rcturm (IRK) was 56.6% for windmill 

tia] of brackishwater soils under laboratory with subsidy and 25.7%, for windmill without 

conditions. Preliminary studies indicated subsidy. On the other hand, the IKR for the 

that the dose of chemicals used should be diesel and electric pumps was 79.3% and 

increased to obtain desired results. 

52.6% respectively. 

Design and development of machinery 

'lhc prototype of he automatic feed 

and structures for aquaculture dispenser unit developed by thc Institute was 

(AEEDIAFCI) 

tested for satisfactory performance and 

handed over for use in the Institute's hatch- 

Madras: P. Lakdhmanitdoss (PI.) and 

e'Y at 

M. Jayanthi With a view to develop cost-effective 

With the objective of utilising non- seepaye control measures, studies have been 

conventional energy resources ~~iz., wind en- initialed to estimate gcpage 103s in brackishergy 

for pumping ground water to the water farms in different areas. 

25

iryrmt,y~rmdde~of omalhcdt 

""'whstlhcly 

M&(u : K Alegemami (PL), L. H. 

Rao and P. Lakshmanadoss 

Desii for bPdryard and small-scale 

Bhrimp hatchery VK, 2,5 and 10 million urpacities 

for P. brdkw / P. manodon, have 

been prepared incorporating the necessary 

information on infrastructure nquired for 

construction.

EXTENSION, ECONOMICS AND INFORMATION DIVISION 

Invcstigatio~ on the brackishwateraquacultnrc 

practices adopted by different 

categories of farmers - an integnted ap 

prorh (Em'Exl-NP) 

Madras : K. Gopinathan (PL), 

M.Kriihnan, T. Ravisankar, D. D. Vimala 

and V. (3hellapandian 

Survey of shrimp farms in the coastal 

districts of various maritime states was continued 

duringthe period April 1995 to March 

19%. A total of 48 h,m a walerspread 

area of about 541.06 ha were suweyed in the 

states of Maharashtra, Goa and Tamil Nadu 

and in the Union Territory of Pondichery. 

In Maharashtra, the production of tiger 

shrimp P, monodon ranged from 1500 to 

2500 k@a/crop under semi-intensive culture, 

600-900 kglhdcrop under extensive culture 

and W900 kglhdcrop under modified 

extensive using both Indian and imported 

feeds. In Goa, P. metgutensis was cultured 

under extensive and modified extensive systems. 

Killai, Agaram and Parangipettai areas 

in South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu 

practised semi-intensive culture of P. monodon 

with productions ranging from 2000 - 

3000 kfldcrop. Kattur, Poompuhar and 

Vanagiri areas in Nagai Quadi-i-milleth district 

practised semi- intensive culture of both 

P. monodon and P. vuircus with productions 

ranging from 1800 to 3000 kglhdcrop, depending 

mainly on hatchery-reared seed. 

Disease problems were encountered In some 

farms in the Ihanjavur area in Tamil Nadu. 

In Pondichery area both P. monodon and P. 

md&clls crops were affected with white spot 

disease. Socioeconomic conditions and extension 

needs of the farmers were also noted. 

Divelopment of database for brackish 

water fishery resources iZ:Z,m,n! 

Madras : M. Krishnan (PL), K. Gopinathan, 

T. Ravisankar, D. D. Vimala and V. 

Chellapandian 

Data on various aspects of brackishwater 

fishery resources was collected from 

journals and other published sources: National 

Institutes vu.. National Institute of 

Oceanography, Goa, Indian National Oceanographic 

Data Centre (INODC), M. S. 

Swaminathan Research Foundation, Madras; 

state fisheries departments and other 

sources. The data from the state depart. 

ments was computerised and is made avi~ilable 

on MS DOS 5.0 based software 

developed under the project. The data obtained 

from other sources is yet to be classified. 

With the development of FISHNET 

network, changes in data entry will be made.

Pmject funded by Dept. of Biotechnology 

Development of feed technology for semiinten~ive/intensive 

shrimp farming 

(drurtlon : 4 yeln from 19.121992) 

EXTERNALLY FUNDED PROJECTS 

Coordinator : Dr. K. Alagarswami 

Personnel : S. Aharnad Ali (Principal 

Investigator) C. Gopl and J. V. 

Ramana 

Feeds formulated using indigenous 

feed ingredients vu., fsh meal squid meal 

squilla meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, fish 

oil etc, were tested under yard and field conditions 

in P, rndicu~ and P. mondon along 

with three u)mmercial imported feeds. n e 

growth performance of shrimp with the formulated 

fecds was comparah\e to tht obtained 

with imported fecds. FCR values inP. 

monodon for hoth starter and grower feeds 

were 1.76, 1.64, 1.52 and 1.39 for DRT. I.ux 

(Waterbasc), C'I' and lianaqua brands resnectivelv. 

F('R values obtained in P. indicus 

&re 1.9; and 1.93 for l)NS and ('P feeds 

respectively. I:ecd productilm Iriala were 

rtlrried out ilnd standardixxl using the [ormulated 

feeds. 

Ilimed on the dietary requiremcntc of 

hnth 1'. ~nonrxlon and I'. ind~crrs, vitamin mixtures 

were formulated i~nd ina~rporitted at 0 

to 2.5% level in shrimp feeds. Results ohta~ned 

showcd thr~thc growth 01 the shrimp 

was enhanced when the feeds were fi~rtified 

with vitamin mixtures ill 0.5 to 1.0% level. 

Natural iind s.ynthctic fccd malerials 

were tested for their attractiint 21nd growth 

promoting properties in 1'. n~onodon. 

hing thc natural materials, grciiter ;Ittmc- 

Ian1 propcrty wa.5 exhihiled hy fish p:~ste 

whilc squid meat exhihiled greater prowlh 

promoling propcrty. Synthetic materials 

such asllMS showcd lnithgreatcr attractan1 

and growtlr promoting pnipcrties. 

cated that when feed materialsviz., Oh meal, 

shrimp bead and squib wen ~ p u l v e ~ 

using a 0 J mm screen and pssed through six 

different seives of 10, 18,38,52,60 and 72 

standard mesh, the digestibility of pellets 

ranged from55.6 to 61.4% with 10 to 18 mesh 

sieve and 65.1 to 71.3% with 38 to 72 mesh 

sieve. The pelletability was also good when 

the particle size was 350 microns (38 mesh 

seive). 

Project funded fmm A. P. Cers Fund 

Impact of brackishwater aquaculhm on 

the environment (duration from 12.11. 

1992 to 11.11.1995) 

Coordinator : Dr. K. Aiagarswami 

Personnel: K. 0. Joseph (Principal 

Investigator), B. P. Gupta, S. V. 

Alavandi, S.S.Mishra, K. K. Krishnani 

and M. Muralidha 

Study of Kandderu Cmek area 

The study on the environmental im. 

pact of shrimp farming in thc Kandaleru 

Creek area was u)mpleted during the year. 

'The study revealed that the Kandalcru Creek 

ecosystem was suhjectcd to excessive organic 

pollution resulting in a serious negative feedback 

to the shrimp farming activity of this 

area. Environmental dcgdation and detcrioration 

in the water quality of thc creek and 

adjoining shrimp farms tri~ered the outhrcak 

of viral and bacterial diseases during 

1994.95 lcading 10 Ii~rg-sale mortality of 

shrimp. ('onsequentlp, shrimp tarmingilctivttywas 

sucpnded in the area till July /August 

IUOS. Thcreafter, A low level of i~ctivity was 

observed which was estimated 111 occupy 

i~hout 10%1 of the existinr " farm ilrea. 

Surveyof thecreekduring 12-13 January 

rind 18-19 o~~~~~ 1w5, showed a prce~tihle 

imnrovement in weler uualitv ac 

L -~ 2 --- 

given helow': total suspended solids (TSS) 

Studies on the effect of ptlrticle six on 

pelletahility and digstihility of feeds indi- 20-42 ppm, turbidity 15-36 NU; COD 3.0 -

11 ppm; BOD 1.2 - 42 ppm; nitrate0.04 - 0.08 

ppm; orthophosphate 0.002 to 0.01 ppm; total 

nitrogenO.16 - 0.32 ppm; total phosphorus 

0.03 - 0.09 ppm; fne ammonia 0.001 - 0.003 

ppm; nitrite 0.01 - 0.03 ppm; hydrogen sulphide 

BDL. 

Wcy of shrimp farms in the coastal districts 

of T d Nadu 

A survey of the disease affected 

shrimp farms in the V. 0. Chidambaranar 

(VOC) and Ramanathapuram districts of 

Tamil Nadu during July 1995 revealed that 

disease outbreaks were restricted to farms 

practising intensive and semi-intensive culture. 

Salinisation of coastal soils around 

shrimp farms 

A study wasconducted on the salinisationof 

coastal soils adjacent to brackishwater 

aquaculture farm.. in the Nellore district of 

Andhra Pradesh. The study has shown low 

level salt accumulation near the farm. thc 

levels decreasing with increasing distance 

from the farms. 

Treatment of waste water from shrimp 

farms 

Laboratory experiments were conducted 

to find out suitable lime materials for 

the treatment of acidic farm effluents. Dilferent 

commercially available lime materials 

viz., calcite (CaCO3), dolomite ((:aCO.t, 

MgC03) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OF1)2] 

were used in different concentrations viz., 25, 

50 and 100 ppm each for treating the effluents. 

Results indicated that calcium hydroxide 

is superior to calcite and dolomite in 

ameliorating the acidic condition of effluents. 

It can be effectively and economically 

used @ 25 ppm for treating acidic farm effluents. 

Hourly pH readings indicated that the 

pH level of effluents (7.35) increased 2 hours 

after treatment with calcium hydroxide 

(7.50) and thereafter remained constant. 

Toxicologicid studies with heavy metals 

and pesticides 

The permissible safe levels of heavy 

metals and pesticides in brackishwater medium 

for the culture of tiger shrimp P. monodon 

were estimated by conducting static 

bio-assay tests. The % h median lethal concentrations 

(LC 50) calculated for Cr, Cu, 

Zn, Cd and Hg were 4.20,1.20,1.50,0.15 and 

0.03 mgl respectively in P. monodon of size 

rangc 33-47 mm. Similarly, the % h LC SO 

values for IIDT, BHC, heptachlor and endosulfan 

were 2.08, 4.10, 16.25 and 2.90 pgl 

respectively. 

Based on the extensive database generated 

under this project on environmental 

impact assessment, the Institute has helped 

the Union Ministry of Agriculture and the 

Govts. of Andhra l'radesh and 'l'amil Nadu 

in formulating guidelines for aquaculture 

and standards for larmcfflucnrs. The results 

of this project are also of great benefit to the 

various State Governments in planning and 

devclopmenl of brackishwater aquaculture 

zones and to the respective State l'ollution 

Control Boards in their regulatory activity. 

Project funded by ICAR/National Agricultural 

Research Project (NARP II/IBRD) 

Aquaculhm : Basic research on pond bioenergetics, 

digestive enzymes and 

microflora in fish and shrimp under 

aquaculture (duration 30.9.1992 to 

30.63%) 

Identification and characterisation of digestive 

and gut microbial enzymes in 

brackishwater fish and shrimp and enzyme 

mediated bioconvemion of feed 

ingredients. 

Principal Investigator : Dr. K. Alagarswami 

Personnel : M. Na~arajan (Prnjcct-incharge), 

N. Kalaimani, T. C. Santiago, 

K. K. Vijayan, S. A.Ali, D. N.

Swaay, S.V. Alavandi and S. S. 

Mishra 

Studies on the changes in activity levels 

of digestive enzymesviz., potease in relation 

to moult stagt m P. monodon (size range 

50-70 d5-1.5 g), showed that total protease 

odivity was minimurn in shrimp at late 

pwultandpostmoult stages(617and2189 

pM tynsinelmidg of hepatapancreas tissue 

respectively) and maximum at intemult 

and early premoult stages (2310 and 4046 pM 

tyrminelminlg hepatapancreas tissue respectively). 

Changes in activity levels of lipase 

were recorded in relation lo size of animals. 

Mean lip= activity wa5 19.32 rnl 0.05 N 

NaOHig tissue in 6 hours, in smaller animals 

(P, monodon 2-5 g), while in larger animals it 

decreased to 14.37 ml0.05 N NuOHIg tissue 

in 6 hours. 

Ammonia excretion was studied in P. 

monodon fed with diets prepared using ttifferent 

protein sources. Smaller animals of 

size group

indicated that pre-treatment of mybean 

was essential for itnproving feantation 

and facilitating attack by the cellulolytic 

enzwles. 

me bioconversion of formulated feed 

mixtures consisting of 5% shrimp head waste, 

5% bagasse, 25% soybean meal, 40% fish 

meal, 5% squid meal, 10% wheat flour and 

4% fish oil, using a mixed culture of bacteria 

(Lucitucteriwn sp., Pseudomonac sp. and Al- 

ka@m sp.), facilitates the release of free 

amino acids, glucose and N-acetyl glucosamine 

with a peak on 6th b y of fermentation. 

Further studies on the use of 

bioconverted materials in shrimp feeds indicated 

that the digestibility of feedswnsappreciahly 

increased to 86% compared to 69% 

with unfermented feeds and 71% with feeds 

fermented under natural condition without 

inoculation of microbes.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 

Numd Ali, S. 1995. Status of shrimp feed 

industry in India and future pros 

pacts.Paper presented at the National 

Symposium on Technological Adviuwments 

in Fisheries and its Impact 

on Rural Development, 

Department of Industrial Fisheries, 

University of Science and Technology, 

Kochi, 5-7 December 1995. 

Ahnmad Ali S. 1995. Farm-made feeds in 

aquaculture-the technologies to 

reckon with in rural development. Paper 

presented at the National Symposium 

on Technological Advancements 

in Fisheries and its Impact on Rural 

Development, Department of Industrial 

Fisheries, University of Science 

and l'echnology, Kochi, 5-7 Ikcember 

1995. 

Aharnad Ali, S. 1995.Feed additives lor 

growth promotion in shrimp. f'khin~ 

Chimes, 15(3): 21-23 

Ahamad Ali, S. 1996. Shrimp Culture:l:ecds 

and feed management, CIIM lirfen- 

.xion SeriLs, No..?. 

Alagarswnii, K. 1995. (i)astaI aquilculturc 

development and envircinmcnt management. 

Paper suhmitlcd for prescntation 

at lhe Seminar on Iinvironmcnla1 

and Social Impact of' Coastal 

Aquaculture, held at Madras, I August 

1995. 

Alagarswmi, K. and SA. Ali. 1995. Indigenous 

feeds lor shrimp farming developmcnt 

t~nd ilsscssment in comparison 

with imported leeds.Stetus paper prcsctntcd 

at the Interaction Meeting un 

Aquicullurc 1:eed Ilcvclopment, held 

fit l>ept.ol Hiotcchnology, New Iklhi. 

12.13 October 1995, 

Alagarsmnii, K. and K.O. Joseph. 1995. 

Scawr~ler quality and coast;il aquaculture.In: 

Proceedingsuf National Symposium 

on Electrochemistry in 

Marine Environment, organised by 

for Advancement of Electrochemical 

Science and Technology, 

Madras Chapter, CECRI, Karaikudi 

and Dept, of Ocean Development, 

New Delhi, held at Madras, 7-8 February 

1995 : 213-224. 

Atagnnrwsmi, K. 19%. Strategies for sustainable 

shrimp farming and transfer of 

technology. In:Proceedings of the National 

Workshop on Transfer of Technology 

for Sustainable Shrimp 

Farming, held at Madras, 9-10 January 

1995. K. Alagarswami (Ed.): 29-42. 

Alavandi, S. V, K. K. Vijayan, K.V. Rajendran 

and S. S. Mishra. 1995. Iliseases 

in coastal shrimp aquaculture systems 

in India. Paper presented at the National 

Seminar on Aquatic Animal 

Health, held at the Ikpt. of Aquatic 

I3iolop and Fisheries, University of 

Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 15-17 

March 1995. 

Alavandi, S. V, K. K. Viayun, K. V. Rajendrun 

and S. S. Mishra. 1995. Diseasc 

prohlems in Indian shrimp Iarrning 

wclor: Scope of management for sustainable 

production.Paper presented 

at the National Conference on Sustainable 

Aquaculture at the Inqtitute 

for Ocean Managemcnt(lOM), Centre 

for Water Resources, Anna University, 

Madras, 5-6 April 1995. 

Ahvandi, S. V. 1996. Shrimp culture: Iliseases 

and health management. CfHA 

tdms~on Sorier. No.4 

Bhattacharya, P. K. and S. R. Dns. 1'86.7hc 

secd bank of the tidal marsh in the 

lower Hooghly estuary area. Paper 

submitted at the Third West kngal 

State Science Congress, Univ. of 

Burdwan, 28 February- 1 March 1996. 

* Also u~chldt.s pi~bltcatiot~:, of Sc~ol(l%s of the lnstitutr bsrd on lheu worh ~n previous Instit~ltes 

32

~.s, S. R and P. K. Bhattacbya. 1996. A 

preliminary survey of finfish and 

prawn culture of the Kakdwip- 

Baklchali ~ t npaddy l fields and impoundments. 

Paper submitted at the 

Third West Bengal Siate Science Congress, 

Univ. of Burdwan, 28 February- 

1 March 1996. 

Das, S. R andP. K. Bhattacharya. 1996. Seed 

prospects of the Kakdwip estuarine 

marshes - culturable fish and crustaceans. 

Paper submitted at the Third 

West Rengal State Science Congress, 

Univ, of Burdwan, 28 1:ehruary - 1 

March 1996. 

Das, S. R. and P. K. Bhiittucharya. 1996. 

Traditional rice varieties and [heir 

production ptential in cclastal saline 

soil(Kakdwip-Rakkhali area). Paper 

submitted at the Third West kngal 

State Science Congress, Univ. of 

Burdwan, 28 February- 1 March 1096. 

Guptn, B. P., K. 0. Joseph and M. Mulalidhar. 

19%. Lime and its applications in 

brackishwater aquaculture.Cllt.2 I:rtensron 

Setics, N0.6,8 pp. 

J-ph, 

K.0. and B. P. Gupll. 1996. Shrimp 

culture: Water quality management 

.CIIM Fdensran Se&s, N0.2. 

Jmph K. 0, B. P. G~pta, S. S. Mishra and 

M. Munlidhrr. 1996. Chlorination in 

brackishwater aquaculture, C/&4 filension 

Series, No.5, 11 pp. 

fishnamurthy, K. N, L. H. Ra4 P. Ravichandmn, 

S. A. Ali and S.VAlavandi. 

1996. Technology for sustainable 

shrimp farming. In: Proceeding of 

the National Workshop onI'ransfer of 

'I'cchnology for Sust~intlble Shrimp 

Farming held at Medri1.i 9.10 3anu. 

ary 1995, K. Alagarswarni (13.): 120- 

126. 

Krishnan, L. 1005. Sli~tus ofsced prtduclion 

and culturc of hracltishwatcr finfishes 

in India. I'apcr presented at :he Ntitional 

Symp~sium on Irchnological 

.dv;~nccmcnts in Fisheries and its Imp 

~ on l Rural I>evelopmcnt, I)cpurtmen( 

ol Indu

ia monocytogenrsbdian Vet.1.;72 

(12) : 1737-1241. 

Wishrs, S. 5. and B .B. MaUick. 1995a. 

Gcnamic restriction fragment analysii 

of fowlpox virus: vaccine strain and 

field isdates using EooRI, Sal I and 

Pst I restriction endonucteaaes. Indian 

J. Anim,Sci,65(12) : 1-6. 

hfishm, S. S. and B. & Msllick 1995b. Restriction 

fragment profile of a fowlpox 

virus isolate using various restriction 

endonucleaaes.lndian Vet. J.,72(ll) : 

1132; 1136. 

hfiehm, S. S. and B. B. Mallick. 1995~. Variable 

restriction fragment pattern of 

fowlpox virus vaccine: strain and field 

isolates. Paper presented in XVI Annual 

Conference and National Symposium 

of IAVMI, Indian Veterinary 

Research Institute-Mukteswar, Ndnitd, 

U.P., 3-5 October 1995. 

Mishm, S. S, B. B. Mallick and K. C. Verma. 

1995. Electron microscopic obsewation 

of a fowlpox virus isolate from 

Panchrnahal, Gujarst.lndran I. VItol.,ll(l) 

: 29-33. 

Mishm, S. S, B. B. Mallick K. C. Venne, 

S.K. Das and T. K. Goswari. 19YS. 

Use of Enzyme-linkud Immunosorbent 

Assay and Dot imrnunoassny lor 

diagnosis of fowlp)x virus. Paper presented 

in XVI Annual Conference 

and National Symposium of IAVMI, 

Indian Veterinary Research Institute- 

Mukteswar, Nainitnl, U.P..3-5 October 

1995. 

Mishra, S. S. 1996. Need of suitahle diagnostic 

methods for detcctinn (11 fowlpox 

infection in poultry.Paper presented 

in 3rd Annual (bnlercnce and National 

Symposium 01 IAAW, Central 

Avian Research Instilute, 17atnegar. 

U.I'., 23-24 1:ehru;lrv 1996. 

Mishm, S. S. and B. B. Mallick. I~%;I. Charncterisat~on 

of a I~b\rlpox vlru:. 1ndl;tn 

lield isolate. Study of immunogen~c~t! 

of virion plypeptide. Paper presented 

in 3rd Annual Conference and National 

Symposium of IAAVR, Central 

Avian Research Institute, Iurtnagar, 

U.P., 21-24 February 1996. 

Mishrr, S. S. and B. B. MdUek. 1Mb. Comparative 

immunological and genomic 

characterisation of fowlpox virus isolates. 

IndianJ,l.Exp. BioL,34(1) : 11-17 

Mishra, S. S., M. S. Shekhur and, 

S.V&vandi. 1996. Applications of 

Dot irnmunassay for rapid diagnosisof 

Vibriosis in shrimps.Paper submitted 

to the National Seminar on Diseases 

in Aquaculture, Kakinada, 5-6 March 

lM(Abstract published). 

Mishm, S. S, M. S. Shekhar and B.P.Gupla. 

1996. Incidence of white spot disease 

virus infection in shrimps in coastal 

Orissa. Paper submitted to the National 

Seminar on Diseases in 

Aquaculture, Kakinada, 5-6 March 

1996 (Ahstract published). 

Shekhar, M. S., S. S. Mishra, S. V. Alavandi 

and T. C. Santiago. 1996. Chnracterisation 

of plasmid in V~btio anprllanrtn 

isolated from 1'. tnonodon. 

I'apcr suhmitted to the National Seminar 

on Diw;nes in Aquaculture, Kakinada, 

5-6 March 1996 (Ahstract 

puhlishcd). 

Vijaya~ K. K., S. V. Alavandi, K. V. Rnjendran 

and K. Alegarswun~i. 199.5. 

Prevalence and histopathology 01 

Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) infection 

in I'en'~.nnen.s tnonorlon and P.indrcrc~ 

in shrimp farms in thr 

South-East ('oast of IndiaAsrun Flshsheti~s 

Scrt.ncr,X:267-272, 

Vijnyan, K. K, K. V. Rnjendnlt~ and S.V. 

Aluvandi. 1996. Viral epizootics in Indian 

shrimp larming sector-a retrospection. 

Paper suhmittcd to the 

National Seminar on Iliseases in 

Aquaculture, Kakinada, 5-6 Marcli 

1996 (Abstract published).

PERSONNEL 

(Not a Gradation List) 

DIRECTOR 

Dr. K. AL.AGARSWAMI 

SCIENTISTS 

Rindpal scientist 

Dr. K.V. Ramakrishna 

Dr. R.D. Prasedarn 

Senior Scientist 

Dr. L Hanumantha Rao 

Dr. Mathew Abraham 

Dr. P. RaGd~andran 

Dr. k Laxrninaraycu~a 

Dr. S. Kulnsekarapandian 

Dr. S.M. Pillai 

Dr. L Krlshllan 

Dr. A.K. nilrurlavukkarasu 

Dr. Syed Ahamad NI 

Dr. K. Gopinathnn 

Dr. C.1'. Rangarwamy 

Dr. B.P. Gupta 

Dr. M. Natarajan 

Dr. P.K. Gh-11 

Scientist (Selection Grade) 

Shri K. Devarajan 

Shrl I-lardla1 Sing11 

(Rejoined 1)11 18.3.1'996 after deputatron 

Irom Putijah Agro Industries Corpxati011 

Irom 1.3.1gY1 to 1.3.10'JG) 

Shri S.K. Das 

Shri M Kathirvel 

Dr. T.C Santiago 

Shn K.K. Chakraboni 

Shri S. Snnivacagam 

Shri D. Narayat~aswamy 

Shri N. Kalnlrnanl 

Dr.(Smt.) Mu~awar Sultana 

Scientist (Senior Scale) 

Scientist 

Technical 

Shri B.K Bnne rjee 

Dr. M. Krjshticui 

Dr.K.0. Joseph 

Dr.C &pal 


Dr. K.K. Vijayan 

Shri ?'. Ravisankar 

Smt. I). Deh)ral Vimala 

Dr. (Kum.) Shlratiee I'eriers 

Dr. S.S. Mishrs 

Dr. J.V. Rumatla 

Dr. l'.S.l'. Gupta 

Dr. P. K~shore Chandru 

Shrl. V. Chellapnndian 

Stin 1'.S. Sudlieesl~ 

Dr. K.V. Kojendral~ 

Smi. Iniclda Jowpl~ 

Dr. K. K. Kr~shnalil 

Dr. M. Murolldhar 

Smt. M. Jayantlit 

Shn M. Shnsli~ Stlekhar 

Shn K. Rungeswarall 

Slin M. Kailunm 

Shrl C.1'. Ilala\uhramat~yarn 

Shri P. Iskshrnal~udoss. T-7(Enginecr) 

Sbn I'.M.A. Kadtr,T-S 

Shri N. Venugi)pal, l'.5 

Shn K. Wangovan. 'T-4 

Shn S Krishnai~, T-4 

Shn S. Sivugnanam. '1.-11-3 

Shri R. Puth~avan. T-11-3

Shri V.R. Senthil Kurnar, T-11-3 

Shri D. Rajababu, T-113 

Shri Vasanthakumar Charles, T-11-3 

(pined on 20.11.1995) 

Shri S. Rajukumar, T-11.3 

(joined on 28.11.1995) 

Shri Rajeswar Singh, 'T-11-3 

(joined on 1.121995) 

Shri Joseph Sahayarajan, T-11-3 

(joined on 8.12.1995) 

Shri Marella Ravi, T.I19(joined a1 

11.121995) 

Shri K.K. Surendran, 'r-1-3 

Shri CS. Sasidharnn.T-1-3 

Shri M(j. Sivadnsun.'l'-1.3 

Shri M.G. Subramani. T-1-3(Driver) 

Shri M. Cmpinathon Nair. T-1.3 (Driver) 

Shri H.li Roy, 1'-I-3(l)tiver) 

Shri N. Ran1e8h. 

Shri S. Sarninalhni~. T-1 

Shri C. k~iinthanarayanan. T-I 

(joined on 6.111.1005) 

Shri P. Moilickyaru. T.1 

(w.c.~'. 10.11.1995) 

Shri S.S. Malty. 'I -1 

(w.e.T. 18.11.1995) 

S11n IJ.S. Sarnanlhu.'l'-I 

(w.c.l. 21.11.1995) 

Kum. C'hnilda Mnzumdur. 7'-I 

(jo111cd on 28.1 1. I9Y5) 

Shri N. JuganMohni~ Ilaj. ]'.I 

(~t>incd ~III 15.2.1096) 

Shri M. (l~i~~nnkuppun.'I -I 

(~oincd ~III 20.2.10'Jli) 

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL 

Shn S. Knshnaswurny. Asst. 1:111anu: K; 

Accnunts Ol%u:r 

Shn I'.K. Sahapetl~l. Suprintende~~t 

(on deputalio~~ Du~n SHI. Coimhatore) 

Shri N. Raghavan. Scoior Stetlographer 

Smt. S. Bhagirathi, A%istant 

siri R. ~alaniswanj, Arsiwrnt 

(on deputation from CtCR ,Coimbalore) 

Shri kB. Mondal. Assistant 

(w.c.f. 6.6.1995) 

Shri R. Kandamani, Senior Clerk 

Shri R.O. Ramesh. Senior Clerk 

Smt. V. Usbaraiii, knior aerk 

(w.e.f. 24.5.1995) 

Shri P.N. Rajasekharan Nair, Senior 

Clerk (w.e.i. 25.5.1995) 

Shri P.K. Roy. Senior Clerk 

(w.e.f. 19.6.1995) 

Shri S.K. I4ddar. Stenographer 

(w.e.i. 7.3.1996) 

Kum. S. Nalini, Junior Stenographer 

Smi. K. Hemalatl~e. Junior Sei~ographer 

Kun~. K. Suhhashini, Junior~8enogra. 

pher Ooriled on 23.8.1995) 

Shri K. Mnni, Junior Clerk 

Shri S.K. Bindu. Jutuor Clerk 

Smr K. Nandlni. Junior Clerk 

Shri S. I'ari. Jun~or Clerk 

Smt. E. huthavall~. Ju~~inr (:lcrk 

Shr~ A. Mnl~oharan. Ju~~ior Clcrk 

Shri I

Shri D.N. Sahoo(w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri N.C Jena (w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Sita Ram Das (w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri SC Mondal (w.e.f. 20.3.19%) 

Shri Gunadar Das (w.e.1. 20.3.1996) 

Shri LC. Manna 

Shri Prakash Chandra Saha 

Shri Badlu Dhanuk(w.e.f. 20.3.1995) 

Shri KK. Raman (w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Dhaneswar Das(w.e.t 20..?.1996) 

Shri R.K. Behera(w.e.1'. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Shyam Bhoi(w.e.f. 20.3.1990) 

Shri Sits Ram Bahadur(w.e.f. 20.3.1990) 

Shri A.E. Raju(w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri MN. Biswns(w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Shyamlal Dhanuk(w.e.1'. 20.3.1Y96) 

Shri A.K. Biswas(w.e.C, 20.3.1990) 

S.S. grade I1 

Shri Rimanat11 Mondal 

Shri K.M. Das 

Shri B.K. Jena 

Shri M.N. Mondal 

Shri knulya Bijali 

Shri N.C. Samanta 

Shri N.K. Shanmugham 

Shn P. Arumugam 

Shri Baman Jally 

Shri R. Subramn~li 

Shri Sasadar Beta1 

Shri R.R. Das 

Shri Gaur Hari Jena 

Shri Kalipada Mondal 

Shri MC Rehcra 

Shri K.C. Samal (w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Pani Gharami (w.e.1'. 20.3.199(1) 

Shri Sudarshan Naik (w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Bijay Hhoi (w.e.f. 20.3.1W6) 

Shri Balram Das (w.e.f. 20.3.1990) 

Shri KU. Gopi (*w.e.f. 20.3.1996) 

Shri Nitai Chandra Som 

(w2.f. 20.3.1996) 

S.S. Grade I 

Shri R.C Paik 

Shn Pranesh Chandra Saha 

Shri Patit Pabnn Halder 

Shri Abhimanyu Naskar 

Shn R.K. Roy 

Shn T.V. Shajl 

Shri K. Kunprarnau 

Shn K. Iliankappao 

Shri N.C. Moodill 

Slin N.K. Jenn 

s~~M.D. Suresh 

Shn M. Sat~tl~oshnrn 

Shri N. 1 lnrl~~ntl~nti 

Shri V. Jccvoi~ondum 

Shri hiar (iharumi 

Shn K. Manappa11 

Shn Muharaja Mujlil 

Shri Narendra Natll Jena 

Shri Knsl~na Podo Naskar 

Sn~t. S. Satilhl 

Shn Prcmanda 131so1 

Shn V.M. Dhanapal 

Shri K. Nlryannndam 

Shn M. Suhrarna~~~ 

Snn. 1.akshm1 Ran] Llhuiyu 

Slin M.1'. I)evadi~sati 

Shri V. Kun~ar 

Shn E. Malioliura~i 

Shri K.V. I)clli Rao 

Shn C. Sarnvauall 

Shri S. Kuppan 

Shn Uttam Kunlar Btltra 

Shri M. Picl~ondl(jol~ied 011 3.8.1995) 

Shri R. Ralakumara~~(joined on 

20.9.1Y)S) 

Slin I

ANNEXURE 

Composition of ~nstiturc hhnagcnlcnt Commincc (IMC), Staff Research Council 

Racarch Advisory Conunincc (RAC) and l~nitua Joint Std Council (IJSC): 

INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT COMMI'ITEE 

(comtituted by ICAR for a period of 3 years vide Office Order No.6-35/89-IA-VI 

dated 3.8.93,23.5.94 and 21.7.94.) 

I. Director, CIBA Chairman 

2. ('ommissioner of Fisheries, Member 

(;ON. of Tamil Nadu 

3. Uircctor of l:ishcrics, Member 

(;ON. of Orissa 

4. Ilircctnr of Research am1 1:xtension (I;y), Member 

Tamil Nadu Velcrinary d Animal Sciences 

University, Madras 

5. Shri Suhha Somu, Member 

'I'iruchiurap~lli(T.N.) 

(Non-official) 

6. Shri A. I(i~jcswar Keo, Member 

Khammam (A.l'.) 

(Non-official) 

7. l'l~ Finnncr and Account\ Officer, 

Member 

Sug~rcanc Iirreding Ins~itute,C*rimhatorc 

8. I)r. K. lladhakrishna, Member 

Assistant Ilircclor Cicncral (M.Fy), 

I('AK 

9. Dr. K. V. Karnz~krishni~, Memher 

I'rincipll Scientist. ClnA 

10. Dr. 13. 1). upti ti^, Memher 

Senior Scientist, ('ll3A 

I I. I)r. Muni~wi~r Sultiln;~, 

Mcrnber 

Scnior Scicnli$l. C113A 

I?. I)r. M. Natitrsiitn, 

Member 

Senior Scicntisl, CIIM 

13. Adminirlra~ivc Ofliccr. Memhcr Secrclary 

('IBA, Madras 

STAFF RESEARCIi COUNCIL 

(cl)n\lilutcd by I('AR klr $1 pcrn)~l 013 yearv with cllccl Injm &lh ~ ; ~ 1yo5, h "ide ~ ~ ~ ~ . 

Ol'licc (htlcr No. lX(!)PJJ-ASli.1 diltcd X.?.O5) 

I I )~rcrk~r, ('ll%A 

('hairman 

2. Assistnnl I )irccb)r (irncri~l (M.1.v). 1(',211 

Mcmhcr 

3. Shri M. S. Muthu. Mcmbcr 

I(ctired Princip;~l Scicnti\l, ('IItA 

(Ilacrnal) 

4. 1)r. (icorge John, I )II~CIO~, Mcmher 

I)epl. of I3iolrchn11l11c\. (ilwt. ot Intli;~ 

(rxlct.nal)

5. Dr. T. J. Varghese, Emeritus Professor 

Cdlegk of Fisheries, UAS, Mangalore 

6. Dr. K. V. Ramakrishnn, Principal Scientist, 

Head of Fish Culture Division & Aquaculture 

Engineering and Environment Division 

7. Dr. R. D. Prasadam, Principal Scientist, 

Head of Technology Improvement Division & 

Extension, Economics and Information Division 

8. Dr. L. H. Rao, Senior Scientist, 

Head of Crustacean Culture Division 

Principal Investigators for on-going projects 

9. Dr. P. Ravichandran, Senior Scientist 

10. Dr. S. K. Pandian, Senior Scientist 

11. Shri M. Kathiwel, Senior Scientist 

12. Dr. S. A. Ali, Senior Scientist 

13. Dr. T. C. Santiago, Senior Scientist 

14. Shri S. V. Alavandi, Scientist (Senior Scale) 

15. Dr. B. P. Gupta, Senior Scientist 

16. Dr. K. (iopinathan, Senior Scientist 

17. Dr. M. Krishnan, Scientist (Senior Scale) 

18. 111. Munawar Sultana, Senior Scientist and 

Officer-in-chars, Technical Cell 

19. Shri P. Lakshmanadoss, Technical Officer(77) 

20. Shri N. Kalairnani, Senior Scientist 

RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMI'ITEE 

(constituted by ]CAR for a period of 3 years with cflcct from 8th I:rhruary, 1905, vidc Officc 

Order No.18(2)194- ASR-I, dated 8.2.95) 

1. Dr. 1'.V. R. Pillay, 

Former Programme Direc!or 

Aquaculture 1)evelopment and Coordination 

Programme, FA0 

2. Prof. R. Natarajan 

M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation 

Madras 

3. Dr. M. Sakthivel 

Aquaculture Foundation of India 

Madras 

4. Dr. H. P. C. Shetty 

Retd. Director of Instructions (Fisheries) 

University of Agricultural Sciences. 

Mangalore 

Member 

(External) 

Member 

Member 

Member 

Member 

Memher 

Member 

Member 

Memher 

Member 

Memher 

Memher 

Mcmher 

Memher 

Member 

Memher Secretary 

Member 

Memher 

Member

5. Dr. K. Venkatluamanujam 

Dean, College of Fisheries 

Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and 

Animal Sciences, Tuticorin 

Member 

6. Director, CIBA Member 

7. Assistant Director General (M.Fy) Member 

ICAR, Krishi Bhawan 

8. Shri Suhba Somu Member 

l'iruchirapalli (T.N.) 

(IMC memkr 

representing Agriculture 

& Rural Interest) 

9. Shri A. Ilajeswara llao Member 

Khammam (A.P.) 

(IMC member 

representing Agriculture 

& Rural Interest) 

10. Dr. K. V. Ramaktishna Member Secretary 

Principal Scientist, CIBA 

INSTITUTE JOINT STAFF COllNClL 

(constituted by ('IDA for a pcriod of 3 years with effect from 1.1 1.95 vidc Office Order 

No.l:.No.l3-l,M)-Admn. dalcd 2.1 1.95) 

I. llirector, Cll3A Chairman 

ONiciul side 

2. Dr. K. \'. Ramttkrishn;~ Member 

I'rincipal Scientisl 

3. Ilr. ll. 1). Prasatlrtm Memher 

Principal Scientist 

4. Dr. I.. 11. Kt10 Member 

Scnior Scientist 

5. I)r.(Sml.) Munt~w;tr Sultana Memkr 

Sc~or Scientisl 

6. Shri S. Krishnasw;~my Membcr 

Assi\Lttnt 1:inancc and Account? Otliccr 

7. Aclministrt~tivc OITiccr, ('ll3A Sccrelary 

SlnR side 

8. Shri S. Krishnan, '1'-4 Sccrctt~ry 

9. Shri ('. S. S:~sidh;~ran. '1'-1-3 

10. Shri 11. Ki~ndt~mani. Senior Clrrk 

Member 

Member 

1 I . Shri K. Mani, Junior ('lcrk Mcmkr 

12. Shri N. Mani, S.S.(;r.lll Mcmkr 

13. Shri 1'. Arumugam, SS Gr-I1 Memher

annual report - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture

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