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KERICHO DISTRICT JOINT KCSE TRIAL EXAMINATION-2012
311/1
HISTORY
PAPER I
JULY/AUGUST - 2012
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1. Identify the main source of Kenyan history (1mk)
(i) Oral tradition
1 point x 1mk=1mk
2. State the function of the Kambi among the Mijikeda (1mk)
(i) They ruled the clan
(ii) Was the highest political office
(iii) Maintained law and order in Kaya
(iv) Settled land, marriage and inheritance disputes in the Kaya
(v) Solved criminal cases and punished offenders
(vi) Conducted religious ceremonies and rituals in the society.
Any 1 x 1mk=1mk
3. Name one traditional war leader in the Luo community (1mk)
(i) Osumbwa mtwayi
Any 1 point x 1mk=1mk
4. State two contributions of Ludwig Kraf in the spread of Christianity in Kenya (2mks)
(i) Translation of the new testament from English to Kiswahili.
(ii) Establishing mission station
(iii) Evangelising the word of God
Any 2 points x 2=2mks
5. State the main constitutional ammendment that was made in 2010 (1mk)
(i) Promulgation of the new constitution
1x1mk=1mk
6. State two factors conducive for the realization of democracy (2mks)
(i) Free/fair election
(ii) Respect for human rights by the government
(iii) Supreme parliament
(iv) Literate electorate
Any 2 points x 1mk=2mks
7. Identify the community in Kenya that is a remnant of the southern Cushites (1mk)
(i) Dahallo/Sanye
Any 1 pt x1mk=1mk
8. State one operational fort established by the British to enhance political control in central
Kenya.
(1mk)
(i) Fort Hall
(ii) Fort smith
(iii) Fort Dagoretti
Any 1 pt x 1mk=1mk
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9. State one function of the permanent secretary of the cabinet (1mk)
(i) Chief according officer in a ministry
(ii) Responsible for the day to day activities of the ministry
(iii) Keep the minister informed of the needs and problems of the ministry
10. Give one main political reason that led to the construction of Uganda railway (1mk)
(i) It was vital for effective control and development of Uganda.
1mk x1mk=1mk
11. What were the benefits of the social welfare organizations to the Africans during the
colonial period
(2mks)
(i) Provided security to the member
(ii) Aroused political awareness among members
(iii) Organized social activities eg sports
(iv) Provided education by sponsoring students abroad.
(v) Provided basic needs e.g bond funds
Any 2 point x1mk=2mks
12. Under what circumstances can one’s life be taken away (2mks)
(i) When fighting for self defense
(ii) When carrying out death sentence by court of law
(iii) While preventing escape of prisoners/process of lawful arrest
(iv) In the event of war
(v) In case of rebellion /riots
Any 2point x 1mk=2mks
13. Name two educational commissions established during the colonial period (2mks)
(i) Fraser commission-recommended racial segregation in schools
(ii) Phelpstokes –formed to investigate African education system
Any 2 points x1mk=2mks
14. State two limitations of the role of law (2mks)
(i) Court depends on legislation for most law which they interpret and apply
(ii) Judges are appointed by the president
(iii) The judicialy depends on executive for finance
(iv) The judiciary depends on the executive for the enforcement of law
Any 2 points x1=2mks
15. State two reasons that can make a Kenyan president to be impreached (2mks)
(i) If the president has acted unconstitutionally
(ii) If the president violates the constitution
Any 2 points x1 mk=2mks
16. State the main challenge faced by the primary and secondary education (1mk)
(i) Shortage of funds
Any 1 pt x 1 mk=1mk
17. State two functions of the director of public prosecution (2mks)
(i) To institute and undertake criminal proceedings
(ii) Delegate power to prosecute to subordinate office
(iii) Supervise and coordinate the work of state council
(iv) Safeguard public interest and interest of administration
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(v)
Discontinue any case before judgement is dissolved
Any 2 points x1 mk=2mks
SECTION B
18. (a) Explain the political organisation of the Mijikenda (3mks)
(i) The mijikenda were organized into 4 to 6 clans with many sub clans e.g Giriama
(ii) Each clan lived in protected villages known as Kayas
(iii) Young men became members of age-sets after going through circumcision
(iv) Senior age-sets members made up the governing council-Kambi
Any 3 points 1x3=3mks
(b) Explain the social organisation of the Somali during the pre-colonial period
(i) Family was the basic social unit
(ii) Several families formed a clan
(iii) Practiced exogamous marriages which were polygamous in nature.
(iv) Practiced circumcision for both boys and girls
(v) Division of labour according to age and gender
(vi) Believed in one God called ‘waki’
(vii) Had religious leaders who mediated between God and the people.
(viii) Prayed through priests
(ix) Believed in existence of the ancestral spirits
6x2=12
19. (a) State five reasons that led to the formation of political parties in Kenya after 1945
(5mks)
(i) By 1945 many African had acquired western education which enabled them to be
enlightened.
(ii) World war II ex-soldiers who participated in the war discovered Europeans were not
superior.
(iii) Pan-Africanism inspired Africans (Kenyans)
(iv) Labour party in Britain favored decolonization
(v) Emergence of U.S.S.R supporting decolonization
(vi) United Nation organization advocated for granting political freedom to all people.
1x5=5mks
(b) Explain five results of the first Lancaster House conference in 1960 (10mks)
(i) It was agreed that 12 elective seats in the legco will remain
(ii) 33 seats to be vied in a common role
(iii) 20 seats would be reserved for 10 European ,8 Asians and 2 for Arabs.
(iv) The composition of the ministers would be altered to include 4 Africans ,3 Europeans and
1 Asian
(v) Authorized formation of a country wide political parties for Africans
2x5=10mks
20. (a) Give contributions of Wangari Maathai in the promotion of democracy in Kenya
(3mks)
(i) She fought for rights of women in Kenya
(ii) She fought against corruption during the Moi era.
(iii) She fought for multi-party democracy together with others like Jaramogi, muliro in the
formation of Ford.
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(iv) She became the first woman presidential candidate in 1997 through (LPK)
(v) She served in the government as Assistant minister for environment during Kibakis term
one.
(vi) MP for Tetu in 2002
1x3=3mks
(b) Why is Jaramogi Oginga Odinga considered as the father of opposition in Kenya?
(10mks)
(i) Led the Kenya independent movement to oppose the multi-racialism.
(ii) Opposed Kenyattas land policy i.e wanted the landless to be settled and adoption of
nationalization policy.
(iii) 1966, he formed KPU after he resigned as vice president/minister for home Affair
(iv) 1970/1990 he remained critical of the government and as a result was put under house,
arrest and barred from contesting parliamentary elections.
(v) Fought for re-introduction of multi partism and formed the NDP.
(vi) Oginga,Martin Shikuku /Masinde Muliro etc formed FORD as pressure group to fight for
pluralism.
(vii) 1991 when section 2A of the Kenyan constitution was repelled FORD evolved into an
opposition party and Oginga became the interim chairman.
(viii) FORD later split into Ford Kenya of Odinga and FORD Asili of Kenneth Matiba.
(ix) In the multi-party elections of 1992 the opposition lost to KANU but Oginga Odinga
became the leader of the official opposition in parliament.
6x2=12mks
21. (a) State five roles of culture in the Kenyan society (5mks)
(i) Entertaining people
(ii) Promoting patriotism
(iii) Educate people
(iv) Promoting unity by bringing people together
(v) Creating employment
(vi) Reflecting on the countries , political development e.g theatre.
1x5=5mks
(b) Discuss the challenges that are facing multi-party democracy in Kenya(10mks)
(i) Led to ethnic clashes
(ii) Some members of civil services sided with the government
(iii) Most of the parties are ethnically based –lacks national support
(iv) KANU government controlled the government machinery
(v) Lack of funds
(vi) Inadequate civil education
(vii) Poverty
(viii) Interference with the government
(ix) Leadership wrangles
(x) Parties are used as vehicles to ascend to power and mass wealth.
(xi) Ideological differences among leaders
(xii) Poor relations with the ruling party
2x5=10mk
SECTION C
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22. (a) Identify five classes of correctional services in Kenya (5mks)
(i) Principle institutions
(ii) District I prison
(iii) District II prison
(iv) Detention camps
(v) Youth institute for young offenders between 15-21 years.
(vi) Extra rural penal employment camps
1x5=5mks
(b) Explain the reforms being undertaken by the government to improve the conditions
of correctional services
(10mks)
(i) Improved diet
(ii) Living and sanitary condition have been improved.
(iii) Improve medical services
(iv) Provision of clothing and bedding
(v) Purchase of new vehicles to ease transportation
(vi) Visits by spouse among married couples
(vii) Provision of distant learning
(viii) Allowing prisoners to watch, read and listen to new.
(ix) Giving a higher allowance to work done by inmates
(x) Direct government involvement in prison matters.
(xi) Easing congestions by releasing death row inmates, ensuring remandees have their case
heard in good time.
2x5=10mks
23. (a) State three privileges the office of the prime minister enjoys under national accord
(3mks)
(i) Shares power with president on 50-50 % basis
(ii) Supervises /coordinates affairs of the government including ministries.
(iii) ½ of government cabinent is being appointed in the office of the prime minister.
(iv) All presidential appointment must be consulted within the office of the p.m.
1x3=3mks
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Describe the factors that limit the supremacy of the Kenyan parliament(12mks)
Court can overrule an act of parliament
The president can dissolve parliament
Increased powers of the cabinet can reduce parliament’s authority.
Peoples customs and traditions.
Rule of law
The application of international laws.
The president has the power to declare a state of emergency to deal with a crisis sidestepping
parliament.
2x6=12mks
24. (a) Suggest ways in which the new constitution has promoted democracy (12mks)
(i) All presidential appointments must be approved by the parliament
(ii) All appointments within government institutions must not be of the same gender
(iii) Minorities/marginalized /youth have been considered in the new constitution
(iv) There is an establishment of a bi-cameral legislature to check the executive.
(v) There is an establishment of the Supreme Court to fair presidential disputes election
results /matters pertaining to state affairs.
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(vi)
(vii)
Members of parliament can be recalled even before election for non-performance.
There is establishment of independence of the judiciary
2x6=12mks
(b) Explain the functions of the supreme court of Kenya (3mks)
(i) Has exclusive original jurisdiction to hear/determine disputes relating to the election to the
office of the president.
(ii) Has an appellate jurisdiction thus hears/determines appeal from the court of appeal and
any other court of tribunal.
(iii) To review a case that its judgment has been passed by the court of appeal and it can be
affirmed, varied /overturned.
(iv) May give an advisory opinion at request of National government, any organ, any county
government with respect to any matter concerning the county government.
1x3=3mks
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