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Requirement of Datum and Coordinate System To perform surveying and Mapping a datum and coordinate system is required. 4
What is Datum? A datum (plural datums) is a reference from which measurements are made. It is an associated model of the shape of the earth (ellipsoid) to define a Geographic Coordinates. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the earth’s surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums measure elevations or depths. 5
Page 1 and 2: REDEFINING THE HORIZONTAL & VERTICA
Page 3: Activities of Geodetic & Research B
Page 7 and 8: Geoid Figure of Earth Geoid (Close
Page 9 and 10: The Ellipsoid The Geoid is a compli
Page 11 and 12: Horizontal Datum: An Ellipsoid is U
Page 13 and 14: 2/15/2012 13
Page 15 and 16: Bureau International de l’Heure (
Page 17 and 18: International Terrestrial Reference
Page 19 and 20: IGS Stations 2/15/2012 19
Page 21 and 22: Status of Horizontal Control in Ind
Page 23 and 24: Status of Horizontal Control in Ind
Page 25 and 26: GCP Library Phase-I: Distribution i
Page 27 and 28: Subsequent Phases Of GCP Library Ph
Page 29 and 30: Achievements: GCP Phase-II Phase-II
Page 31 and 32: Network Adjustment Strategy Coordin
Page 33 and 34: GCP Phase-I Network: Adjusted with
Page 35 and 36: Accuracy Expected Positional accura
Page 37 and 38: National GPS Data Centre National G
Page 39 and 40: REAL TIME GPS DATA Under the modern
Page 41 and 42: In past, the requirement of contour
Page 43 and 44: Interlinking of Rivers. Flood Contr
Page 45 and 46: CONCLUSION Provision of dense contr

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