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~n) Others Bes~des the common morb~d~ty cond~tlons In school age chlldren discussed above there were also other causes of rnorb~d~ty llke acc~dents Injuries, polsonlng, behavlor d~sorders substance abuse, alcoholrsm, smok~ng etc wh~ch have been extens~vely studled (Mohan, 1996, Tandon et el, 1993, Kapoor et a/, 1995) 5.2.3. School Health Services (SHS) The review on the morbidity of school age children is not complete without the appra~sal of the health infrastructure available for the care of school age children. Lal Global scenario Each country has got a system of its own that looks after the specific needs of the school age children. In 1995, a WHO Expert Committee on comprehensive school health education and promotion reviewed the status of school health programs, the strategies used to strengthen these and research that can be used to improve these. As a result, the Global School Health Initiative (GSHI) was started. Globally schools reach about 1,000 million young children and through them their familles and communities. Therefore, these could be util~zed effectively to improve the health of pupils, staff, families and members of the community. The goal of GSHI is to Increase the number of institutions that can truly be called health-promoting schools. A health promoting school is one that adopts the following principles:- -> Engagns health and educat~on off~cials, teachers, students, parents and comrnunlty leaders in effort to make the school a healthy place 3 Implements policies, practices and measures that encourage self esteem
3 Strives to prov~de a healthy environment school health education and school healtin services along with schooVcommunity health projects :, Stnves to improve the health of school personnel, famil~es and community members as well as pupils Works with community leaders to help them understand how the community contributes to or undermines health and education The GSHl has been implemented In several developed and develop~ng countnes with sat~sfactoty results (O'Byme ef a1.,1996). jb) Indian scenario In India, School Health Service (SHS) was first started in Baroda city In the year 1909. The broad object~ves of school health services are as follows: 3 Promotion of positive health a Prevention of diseases 1 Early diagnosis, treatment and follow up of defects =1 Awakening of health consciousness in children =1 Prov~sion of healthy environment The various aspects of SHS are:- .=. Health appraisal of school children and personnel Remedial measures and follow up .=. Prevention of communicable disease 3 Nutiitional services 3 Healthy school environment 3 First aid and emergency care
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A Case Study of the Health, Educati
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT "No man is an island
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAQE No. I. INTROD
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION The children of today
Page 9 and 10: phase, there is maximum educational
Page 11 and 12: Apart from the health and education
Page 13 and 14: Jims Jnd Objectives
Page 15 and 16: (c) To study the diet pattern of ch
Page 17 and 18: OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN This chapt
Page 19 and 20: 3.2 Definltlon of age group for the
Page 21 and 22: (11) Pedlatrlcs Inpatlent ward => O
Page 27 and 28: - Study Qrea Qnd Demography
Page 29 and 30: 4.22 Itrfreslructun, The village is
Page 31 and 32: and India, is given in Table 4.1. O
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 4.1 AGE AND GENDER SPECIFlC D
Page 37 and 38: TABLE 4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 39: Distributlon of adult village popul
Page 43 and 44: HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
Page 45 and 46: of chronic illnesses in children le
Page 47 and 48: Bhasin et a1..1990; Gupta et a1..19
Page 49 and 50: eported by ttie School Heallh Cell,
Page 51 and 52: lb) Anemia (i) Global scenario Nutr
Page 53 and 54: serum vitamin A; iii) ophthalmologi
Page 55 and 56: and elimination of iodine deficienc
Page 57: in 15.7% of the children screened (
Page 61 and 62: nght attitudes and practices. In or
Page 63 and 64: her schooling (XI1 standard) and wa
Page 65 and 66: (iii) Nonparticipant observation No
Page 67 and 68: The height and weight of the chlldr
Page 69 and 70: 5 3.2 Organization of date and anal
Page 71 and 72: eflection of the lower enrollment r
Page 73 and 74: ecommended and the actual intake of
Page 75 and 76: (11) Causes Change of water cold fo
Page 77 and 78: The mean duration of fever was 3.6(
Page 79 and 80: annual ~nc~dence being 6211,000 chi
Page 81 and 82: were all unanimous In saying that t
Page 83 and 84: chlldren from socioeconomically bac
Page 85 and 86: Le generally lower than the values
Page 87 and 88: health problem in school age childr
Page 89 and 90: p91d tltero is widespread use of io
Page 91 and 92: worms spontaneously formed In the s
Page 93: MORBIDITY PATTERN m S= S Year oi pu
Page 97 and 98: 1ABLE 5.3 PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A D
Page 99 and 100: I'HKVAl.H.NC'lr. O W ItIIIIIIMA I I
Page 101 and 102: METHODS OF SNDY USED FOR DIFFERENT
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 5.8 B ISSUES ADDRESSED BY DWF
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 5.8 B (continued) ISSUES ADDR
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 5.10 A COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE 5.10 C COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
Page 111 and 112:
COMPARISON OF MEAN INTAKE OF THIAMI
Page 113 and 114:
COMPARlSON OF MEAN INTAKE OF PROTEI
Page 115 and 116:
TABLE 5.11D COMPARISON OF MEAN INTA
Page 119 and 120:
TABLE 5.13 PHKVALLNC'R OF UIFQEUEN'
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TABLE 5.15 COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE
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TABLE 5.19 PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONA
Page 126 and 127:
TABLE 5.22 PREVALENCE OF %FECTIOUS
Page 128 and 129:
TABLE 5.23 (continued) COMPARISON O
Page 130 and 131:
TABLE 5.25 ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF DlFF
Page 132 and 133:
TABLE 5.28 ( OMPARISON OF SPEC'IRII
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TABLE 5.29 COMPARISON OF REPORTED S
Page 140 and 141:
TABLE 5.33 BY THE PARAMEDICAI. WORK
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FIGURE 5.2 Comparison of age and ge
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FIGURE 5.5 Monthly variation in the
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FIGURE 5.6 Comparlson of age specif
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FIGURE 5.10 Age specific body mass
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FIGURE 5.14 Prevalence of important
Page 157 and 158:
EDUCATION STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHIL
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6.2.2 Indian Scenario (8) Literact
Page 161 and 162:
32.5% for girls and 15.9% for boys
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summary tables givlng details of th
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namely school records and census It
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school butldlng should be better Th
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(iii) Proportion of children in the
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8, "During groundnut picking season
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6.4.3 Dropout @) Maanitude and ~att
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C, Case Studies Case N0.l Dhanalaks
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,haracter of ch~ldren and help them
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Researchers have not been able to c
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allage, local fesbvals and funct~on
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TABLE 6.3 PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS REACH
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TABLE 6.4 (continued) ('OMPAHISON O
Page 187 and 188:
I TABLE 6.5 A (continued) ' USED FO
Page 189 and 190:
1 TABLE 6.5 B (continued) ISSUES AD
Page 191 and 192:
TABLE 6.8 ('OMPARISON OP CAUSKS OF
Page 193 and 194:
TABLE 6.10 COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF
Page 195 and 196:
TABLE 6.12 COMPARISON OF CAllSES OF
Page 197 and 198:
FIGURE 6.1 Literacy rates in female
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FIGURE 6.3 Comparison of age and ge
Page 201 and 202:
FIGURE 6.5 Comparison of proportion
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FIGURE 6.7 Dropout pattern in glrls
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SOCIAL STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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tremendous Increase in the enrollme
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children had lower contact rates th
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female ch~ldren showed that between
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was felt that more information coul
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detalls of the~r actlv~ties In the
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sectlon For each Issue, the observa
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"eglected the smaller of the twlns
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many (53 1%) preferred to take them
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(11) Data from tertiary care hospit
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so However, some (22 5O/0) were w~l
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(i~) Cohort 3 In the cohort, 54 out
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(i) Work The daily actlvlty pattern
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not interfere with a girl's educati
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The following are some of the state
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was collected from 99 familles The
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on the Issue of school age g~rls (U
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een found that in some parts of the
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48 0% In glrls and 52 0% In boys Th
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as an excuse to stop thelr girls fr
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stud~es compared to boys, although
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TABLE 7.1 A METHOD OF STUDY USED FO
Page 254 and 255:
I TABLE 7.1 A (continued) METHOD OF
Page 256 and 257:
TABLE 7.1 B(conthued) \IPllIOIfi I
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TABLE 7.1 B(coatlnued) ISSUES ADDRE
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TABLE 7.2 A RELATIVE DISTRlBUTION O
Page 262 and 263:
TABLE 7.3 COMPARISON OF TIME INTERV
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TABLE 7.6 COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIV
Page 266 and 267:
TABLE 7.8 COMPARISON OF COST ALLOCA
Page 268 and 269:
TABLE 7.10 ( O~~PARISON OF ANNUAL c
Page 270 and 271:
TABLE 7.12 A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL R
Page 272 and 273:
FIGURE 7.1 Distribution of daily ac
Page 274 and 275:
FIGURE 7.3 Distribution of work pat
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Summary And Concliusions
Page 281 and 282:
data for certaln Issues were obtaln
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(ii) Other epidemiological methods
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VHN and PHC records I. The records
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expected the school to do everyth~n
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stopplng from school They felt that
Page 291 and 292:
jc) Health care and the air1 child
Page 293 and 294:
Data from Government Chest Clinic,
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hlgher than In boys, the difference
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(lv) Cost of household consumption
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the flndln
Page 302 and 303:
9.4 Recommondatins for future resea
Page 304 and 305:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayit~wnl, V K . Agntwo
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Bamji. M.S.. Sarma. R.K.V.. Radhaia
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Bundy, D.A.P., Guyatt, H.L. (1996).
Page 310 and 311:
Ghildiyal. R., Desai. B.N.. Joshi.
Page 312 and 313:
Kapoor, G., Aneja, S. (1992). Nutri
Page 314 and 315:
Nagoba. B.S.. Basutkar, S.H.. Bhat.
Page 316 and 317:
Ramakrlshnan, R.. Rao. T.V . Prasad
Page 318 and 319:
Sharma, R.G., Mishra. Y.C., Vennal,
Page 320 and 321:
Umeh. R.E.. Chijloke, C.P.. Okonkwo
Page 323:
* Not to be Rlled In the fleld " Co
Page 327 and 328:
School children-Girl Chlld S.A Form
Page 329 and 330:
School children Girl child S.A ID.
Page 331 and 332:
Form to be filled up during follow
Page 333 and 334:
h. I'arliril,nlio~~ ill 1111usrhol
Page 335:
.%A / WirJa 11. as! tad uq.& ~a .WA
Page 343:
6. jlb na,/J s- Sr .?ud;~O3unmn~t 0
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