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Ghildiyal. R., Desai. B.N.. Joshi. S.M.. Kandoth. P.W. (1992). The girl child underprivileged In: The Glrl Child In lndia Issues and Perspectivas, Patnekar, P.N., Bhave. S.Y.. Jayakar, A.V., Potdar, R.D. (editors). Bombay: indian Academy of Pediatrics, pp. 128 Ghosh, S. (1988). Discrimination begins at birth. lndian Wdiab*lcS, 23, 9-15 Ghosh, S. (1990). Girl child In SAARC countries. lndlan Journal of Pediatrics, 57, 15- 19. Ghosh. S. (1992). A life time deprivation and discrimination. In: The Glrl Child in India ISSueS end PerspecUves, Patnekar, P.N.. Bhave, S.Y.. Jayakar. A.V., Potdar. R D. (editors) Bombay: lndian Academy of Pediatrics, pp. 1-18 Gopalan. C. (1993). Child care in India: Emerging challenges. Indian Pediafrlcs, 30, 503- 605 Goyal, R.C.. Jejurikar, N.D.. Sachdeva, N.L (1989). Ocular morbidity among school children in semiurban area. lndlan Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine. 20, 79- 82 Goyal, R.C., Sachdeva. N.L., Somasundaram. K.V. (1994). Oral health status of rural comm~nlty In Western MaharashIra lndlan Journal of PrevenUve and Social Medicine, 25, 138-145. Gupta. B.S.. Jam. T.P.. Sharma, R. (1973). Health status of school children in some primary schools of rural Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 4. 24-30. Gupta, M.C. (1983). School Health programmes - The concept and the need in the indian contest and a proposed framework. lndlan Journal of Preventive and Soclal Medicine, 14, 42-97. Gupta, P.K (1889) Health slalus of rural school children. lndian Pediatrics, 26, 581-584.
Gupta. V., Agarwal, K.N., Agamal. D.K. (1990). Physical growth characteristics in rural adolescent girls of Varanasi. lndian Pedlatrlcs, 27, 1209-74. Hayat. J., Srivastava. V.K . Mohan. U.. Jain, V.C. (1989). Endemic goitre In rural children. lndian Pediatrics, 26, 278-281. Hee-Yong, 0. (1975). An epidemiological study of parasitic infedion ir school children. In: Repora of the Ninth Symposium (Tokyo) of the lntematfonal Union of School and Univarslty Health and Medlclne. Tokyo: pp. 71-78. Huddelon. P. (1994). The Toolbox. In:Qualitative Research for Health Programmes. Geneva: World Health Organlsation. pp. 10-37. Johonnott. S.C. (1973). Differences in chronic otitis media between rural and urban Eskimo children. Clinical Pediatrics, 12, 41 5-419. Joseph, G A. Bhattacharji. S., Joseph. A,. Rao. P.S.S. (1997). General and reproductive health of adolescent girls in rural South India, lndian Pediatrics, 34. 242-245. Joshi, S.K . Sharma. U., Sharma. P.. Pathak. S.S., Sitaraman. S., Verma. C.R. (1994). Health status of carpet weaving children. lndian Pediatrics, 31, 571-574. Kanani. S. (1905). Strategies for combating anemia in adolescent girls: From the present to the future. indan Journal of Pediatrics, 62, 375-377 (Annotation). Kanitkar, S.D. (1996). Gender discrirn~nation in the family: Views and experiences of teenage girls. The Journal of Family Welfare, 42, 32-38. Kapil. U.. Bhasin, S.. Manocha, S (1991). Knowledge amongst adolescent girls about nulritlve value of foods and diet during disease, pregnancy and lactation, lndian Pediatrics, 28, 1135-1139. Kapil, U., Shah, A.D.. Bhasin, S.K., Singh, C.. Balomurugan, A,. Prakash. S.. Nayar. D., AYlee. A (1996). Iodine content of salt consumed and iodine status of school children in Delhi. Indian Pediatrics, 33, 585-587.
Page 1 and 2:
A Case Study of the Health, Educati
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT "No man is an island
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAQE No. I. INTROD
Page 7 and 8:
INTRODUCTION The children of today
Page 9 and 10:
phase, there is maximum educational
Page 11 and 12:
Apart from the health and education
Page 13 and 14:
Jims Jnd Objectives
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(c) To study the diet pattern of ch
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OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN This chapt
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3.2 Definltlon of age group for the
Page 21 and 22:
(11) Pedlatrlcs Inpatlent ward => O
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- Study Qrea Qnd Demography
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4.22 Itrfreslructun, The village is
Page 31 and 32:
and India, is given in Table 4.1. O
Page 35 and 36:
TABLE 4.1 AGE AND GENDER SPECIFlC D
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TABLE 4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 39:
Distributlon of adult village popul
Page 43 and 44:
HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
Page 45 and 46:
of chronic illnesses in children le
Page 47 and 48:
Bhasin et a1..1990; Gupta et a1..19
Page 49 and 50:
eported by ttie School Heallh Cell,
Page 51 and 52:
lb) Anemia (i) Global scenario Nutr
Page 53 and 54:
serum vitamin A; iii) ophthalmologi
Page 55 and 56:
and elimination of iodine deficienc
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in 15.7% of the children screened (
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3 Strives to prov~de a healthy envi
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nght attitudes and practices. In or
Page 63 and 64:
her schooling (XI1 standard) and wa
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(iii) Nonparticipant observation No
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The height and weight of the chlldr
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5 3.2 Organization of date and anal
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eflection of the lower enrollment r
Page 73 and 74:
ecommended and the actual intake of
Page 75 and 76:
(11) Causes Change of water cold fo
Page 77 and 78:
The mean duration of fever was 3.6(
Page 79 and 80:
annual ~nc~dence being 6211,000 chi
Page 81 and 82:
were all unanimous In saying that t
Page 83 and 84:
chlldren from socioeconomically bac
Page 85 and 86:
Le generally lower than the values
Page 87 and 88:
health problem in school age childr
Page 89 and 90:
p91d tltero is widespread use of io
Page 91 and 92:
worms spontaneously formed In the s
Page 93:
MORBIDITY PATTERN m S= S Year oi pu
Page 97 and 98:
1ABLE 5.3 PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A D
Page 99 and 100:
I'HKVAl.H.NC'lr. O W ItIIIIIIMA I I
Page 101 and 102:
METHODS OF SNDY USED FOR DIFFERENT
Page 103 and 104:
TABLE 5.8 B ISSUES ADDRESSED BY DWF
Page 105 and 106:
TABLE 5.8 B (continued) ISSUES ADDR
Page 107 and 108:
TABLE 5.10 A COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE 5.10 C COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
Page 111 and 112:
COMPARISON OF MEAN INTAKE OF THIAMI
Page 113 and 114:
COMPARlSON OF MEAN INTAKE OF PROTEI
Page 115 and 116:
TABLE 5.11D COMPARISON OF MEAN INTA
Page 119 and 120:
TABLE 5.13 PHKVALLNC'R OF UIFQEUEN'
Page 121:
TABLE 5.15 COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE
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TABLE 5.19 PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONA
Page 126 and 127:
TABLE 5.22 PREVALENCE OF %FECTIOUS
Page 128 and 129:
TABLE 5.23 (continued) COMPARISON O
Page 130 and 131:
TABLE 5.25 ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF DlFF
Page 132 and 133:
TABLE 5.28 ( OMPARISON OF SPEC'IRII
Page 134 and 135:
TABLE 5.29 COMPARISON OF REPORTED S
Page 140 and 141:
TABLE 5.33 BY THE PARAMEDICAI. WORK
Page 142 and 143:
FIGURE 5.2 Comparison of age and ge
Page 144 and 145:
FIGURE 5.5 Monthly variation in the
Page 146 and 147:
FIGURE 5.6 Comparlson of age specif
Page 148 and 149:
FIGURE 5.10 Age specific body mass
Page 150:
FIGURE 5.14 Prevalence of important
Page 157 and 158:
EDUCATION STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHIL
Page 159 and 160:
6.2.2 Indian Scenario (8) Literact
Page 161 and 162:
32.5% for girls and 15.9% for boys
Page 163 and 164:
summary tables givlng details of th
Page 165 and 166:
namely school records and census It
Page 167 and 168:
school butldlng should be better Th
Page 169 and 170:
(iii) Proportion of children in the
Page 171 and 172:
8, "During groundnut picking season
Page 173 and 174:
6.4.3 Dropout @) Maanitude and ~att
Page 175 and 176:
C, Case Studies Case N0.l Dhanalaks
Page 177 and 178:
,haracter of ch~ldren and help them
Page 179 and 180:
Researchers have not been able to c
Page 181 and 182:
allage, local fesbvals and funct~on
Page 183 and 184:
TABLE 6.3 PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS REACH
Page 185 and 186:
TABLE 6.4 (continued) ('OMPAHISON O
Page 187 and 188:
I TABLE 6.5 A (continued) ' USED FO
Page 189 and 190:
1 TABLE 6.5 B (continued) ISSUES AD
Page 191 and 192:
TABLE 6.8 ('OMPARISON OP CAUSKS OF
Page 193 and 194:
TABLE 6.10 COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF
Page 195 and 196:
TABLE 6.12 COMPARISON OF CAllSES OF
Page 197 and 198:
FIGURE 6.1 Literacy rates in female
Page 199 and 200:
FIGURE 6.3 Comparison of age and ge
Page 201 and 202:
FIGURE 6.5 Comparison of proportion
Page 203 and 204:
FIGURE 6.7 Dropout pattern in glrls
Page 210 and 211:
SOCIAL STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
Page 212 and 213:
tremendous Increase in the enrollme
Page 214 and 215:
children had lower contact rates th
Page 216 and 217:
female ch~ldren showed that between
Page 218 and 219:
was felt that more information coul
Page 220 and 221:
detalls of the~r actlv~ties In the
Page 222 and 223:
sectlon For each Issue, the observa
Page 224 and 225:
"eglected the smaller of the twlns
Page 226 and 227:
many (53 1%) preferred to take them
Page 228 and 229:
(11) Data from tertiary care hospit
Page 230 and 231:
so However, some (22 5O/0) were w~l
Page 232 and 233:
(i~) Cohort 3 In the cohort, 54 out
Page 234 and 235:
(i) Work The daily actlvlty pattern
Page 236 and 237:
not interfere with a girl's educati
Page 238 and 239:
The following are some of the state
Page 240 and 241:
was collected from 99 familles The
Page 242 and 243:
on the Issue of school age g~rls (U
Page 244 and 245:
een found that in some parts of the
Page 246 and 247:
48 0% In glrls and 52 0% In boys Th
Page 248 and 249:
as an excuse to stop thelr girls fr
Page 250 and 251:
stud~es compared to boys, although
Page 252 and 253:
TABLE 7.1 A METHOD OF STUDY USED FO
Page 254 and 255:
I TABLE 7.1 A (continued) METHOD OF
Page 256 and 257:
TABLE 7.1 B(conthued) \IPllIOIfi I
Page 258 and 259:
TABLE 7.1 B(coatlnued) ISSUES ADDRE
Page 260 and 261: TABLE 7.2 A RELATIVE DISTRlBUTION O
Page 262 and 263: TABLE 7.3 COMPARISON OF TIME INTERV
Page 264 and 265: TABLE 7.6 COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIV
Page 266 and 267: TABLE 7.8 COMPARISON OF COST ALLOCA
Page 268 and 269: TABLE 7.10 ( O~~PARISON OF ANNUAL c
Page 270 and 271: TABLE 7.12 A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL R
Page 272 and 273: FIGURE 7.1 Distribution of daily ac
Page 274 and 275: FIGURE 7.3 Distribution of work pat
Page 279 and 280: Summary And Concliusions
Page 281 and 282: data for certaln Issues were obtaln
Page 283 and 284: (ii) Other epidemiological methods
Page 285 and 286: VHN and PHC records I. The records
Page 287 and 288: expected the school to do everyth~n
Page 289 and 290: stopplng from school They felt that
Page 291 and 292: jc) Health care and the air1 child
Page 293 and 294: Data from Government Chest Clinic,
Page 295 and 296: hlgher than In boys, the difference
Page 297 and 298: (lv) Cost of household consumption
Page 300 and 301: RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the flndln
Page 302 and 303: 9.4 Recommondatins for future resea
Page 304 and 305: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayit~wnl, V K . Agntwo
Page 306 and 307: Bamji. M.S.. Sarma. R.K.V.. Radhaia
Page 308 and 309: Bundy, D.A.P., Guyatt, H.L. (1996).
Page 312 and 313: Kapoor, G., Aneja, S. (1992). Nutri
Page 314 and 315: Nagoba. B.S.. Basutkar, S.H.. Bhat.
Page 316 and 317: Ramakrlshnan, R.. Rao. T.V . Prasad
Page 318 and 319: Sharma, R.G., Mishra. Y.C., Vennal,
Page 320 and 321: Umeh. R.E.. Chijloke, C.P.. Okonkwo
Page 323: * Not to be Rlled In the fleld " Co
Page 327 and 328: School children-Girl Chlld S.A Form
Page 329 and 330: School children Girl child S.A ID.
Page 331 and 332: Form to be filled up during follow
Page 333 and 334: h. I'arliril,nlio~~ ill 1111usrhol
Page 335: .%A / WirJa 11. as! tad uq.& ~a .WA
Page 343: 6. jlb na,/J s- Sr .?ud;~O3unmn~t 0
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