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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the flndlngs of the current study, the follow~ng recommendat~ons are made In order to Improve the health, education and soclal status of school age chlldren wth emphasls on the g~rl chlld - S.1 Health The prevalence of undemutntion, anemla, vltamrn A and nboflavln deflclency can be reduced by impronng the Intake of the respectwe nutnents by way of health educatlon andlor supplementatlon The existlng programs could be modlfied to pronde supplementatlon as suggested below The energy supplementatlon provlded by the mid day meal program could be enhanced particularly In the mlddle and hlgh school levels Vltamln A prophylaxis program (admlnlstenng 6,00,000 I u of vltamln A In 011 every 6 months to chlldren between 1-6 years of age and half the dose to Infants between 6 months and one year) can be expanded to Include ch~ldren up to 15 years of age Iron and fol~c acld supplementatlon which 1s currently belng glven to chlldren up to the age of 12 yean should be glven to adolescent chlldren also Penodlc dewoning (I e hce a year) could be done by school teachers Health educatlon of the children as regards personal hyglene will reduce the prevalence of dental canes and skln lnfectlons Education of the community wlth respect to etlology , prevention and management of the Important health problems In school age chlldren like nutntlonal and lnfectlous disorders will Improve the health status of school age chlldren
9.2 Education The follow~tig recommendations are made with a view to increase the enrollment rat0 ~n chlldren and to reduce the dropout. The community should be motivated to get more involved in the~r children's education by way of frequent interaction with school teachers. The education system has to be reviewed and revised, to make 11 more Interesting and suitable to children in a rural area. The school authorities should not be very rigid in maintaining discipline. Occasional late coming because of preoccupation with domestic work should be condoned. At the same time parents should also be educated about the Importance of punctuality and discipline The school physical infrastructure has to be improved so that children can attend school even during inclement weather conditions. Free education should be given to girls upto high school level The incentives that are now given for girls who complete the education should be in such a way that they benefit the g~d as well as her family soon after completion of education or as they move from class to class and not several years kter. 9.3 Social The need of the hour IS to make the community aware of the necessity to Improve the educational status of the girl child. Education takes place not only in school, but also outside it. People should be mot~vated to permit a greater degree of movement to girls outside their homes Since the educat~onal status of the gid is also indirectly linked with the financial burden in connection w~th her maniage, active campaigning must be done to reduce the financial burden These changes require a gradual change in the attitude of the community towards a ~II-l child and can be brought about only by tireless education of individuals and the community.
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A Case Study of the Health, Educati
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT "No man is an island
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAQE No. I. INTROD
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INTRODUCTION The children of today
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phase, there is maximum educational
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Apart from the health and education
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Jims Jnd Objectives
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(c) To study the diet pattern of ch
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OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN This chapt
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3.2 Definltlon of age group for the
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(11) Pedlatrlcs Inpatlent ward => O
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- Study Qrea Qnd Demography
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4.22 Itrfreslructun, The village is
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and India, is given in Table 4.1. O
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TABLE 4.1 AGE AND GENDER SPECIFlC D
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TABLE 4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
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Distributlon of adult village popul
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HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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of chronic illnesses in children le
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Bhasin et a1..1990; Gupta et a1..19
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eported by ttie School Heallh Cell,
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lb) Anemia (i) Global scenario Nutr
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serum vitamin A; iii) ophthalmologi
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and elimination of iodine deficienc
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in 15.7% of the children screened (
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3 Strives to prov~de a healthy envi
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nght attitudes and practices. In or
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her schooling (XI1 standard) and wa
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(iii) Nonparticipant observation No
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The height and weight of the chlldr
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5 3.2 Organization of date and anal
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eflection of the lower enrollment r
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ecommended and the actual intake of
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(11) Causes Change of water cold fo
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The mean duration of fever was 3.6(
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annual ~nc~dence being 6211,000 chi
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were all unanimous In saying that t
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chlldren from socioeconomically bac
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Le generally lower than the values
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health problem in school age childr
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p91d tltero is widespread use of io
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worms spontaneously formed In the s
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MORBIDITY PATTERN m S= S Year oi pu
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1ABLE 5.3 PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A D
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I'HKVAl.H.NC'lr. O W ItIIIIIIMA I I
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METHODS OF SNDY USED FOR DIFFERENT
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TABLE 5.8 B ISSUES ADDRESSED BY DWF
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TABLE 5.8 B (continued) ISSUES ADDR
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TABLE 5.10 A COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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TABLE 5.10 C COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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COMPARISON OF MEAN INTAKE OF THIAMI
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COMPARlSON OF MEAN INTAKE OF PROTEI
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TABLE 5.11D COMPARISON OF MEAN INTA
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TABLE 5.13 PHKVALLNC'R OF UIFQEUEN'
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TABLE 5.15 COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE
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TABLE 5.19 PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONA
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TABLE 5.22 PREVALENCE OF %FECTIOUS
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TABLE 5.23 (continued) COMPARISON O
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TABLE 5.25 ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF DlFF
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TABLE 5.28 ( OMPARISON OF SPEC'IRII
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TABLE 5.29 COMPARISON OF REPORTED S
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TABLE 5.33 BY THE PARAMEDICAI. WORK
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FIGURE 5.2 Comparison of age and ge
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FIGURE 5.5 Monthly variation in the
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FIGURE 5.6 Comparlson of age specif
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FIGURE 5.10 Age specific body mass
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FIGURE 5.14 Prevalence of important
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EDUCATION STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHIL
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6.2.2 Indian Scenario (8) Literact
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32.5% for girls and 15.9% for boys
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summary tables givlng details of th
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namely school records and census It
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school butldlng should be better Th
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(iii) Proportion of children in the
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8, "During groundnut picking season
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6.4.3 Dropout @) Maanitude and ~att
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C, Case Studies Case N0.l Dhanalaks
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,haracter of ch~ldren and help them
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Researchers have not been able to c
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allage, local fesbvals and funct~on
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TABLE 6.3 PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS REACH
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TABLE 6.4 (continued) ('OMPAHISON O
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I TABLE 6.5 A (continued) ' USED FO
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1 TABLE 6.5 B (continued) ISSUES AD
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TABLE 6.8 ('OMPARISON OP CAUSKS OF
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TABLE 6.10 COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF
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TABLE 6.12 COMPARISON OF CAllSES OF
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FIGURE 6.1 Literacy rates in female
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FIGURE 6.3 Comparison of age and ge
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FIGURE 6.5 Comparison of proportion
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FIGURE 6.7 Dropout pattern in glrls
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SOCIAL STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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tremendous Increase in the enrollme
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children had lower contact rates th
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female ch~ldren showed that between
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was felt that more information coul
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detalls of the~r actlv~ties In the
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sectlon For each Issue, the observa
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"eglected the smaller of the twlns
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many (53 1%) preferred to take them
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(11) Data from tertiary care hospit
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so However, some (22 5O/0) were w~l
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(i~) Cohort 3 In the cohort, 54 out
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(i) Work The daily actlvlty pattern
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not interfere with a girl's educati
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The following are some of the state
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was collected from 99 familles The
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on the Issue of school age g~rls (U
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een found that in some parts of the
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48 0% In glrls and 52 0% In boys Th
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Page 250 and 251: stud~es compared to boys, although
Page 252 and 253: TABLE 7.1 A METHOD OF STUDY USED FO
Page 254 and 255: I TABLE 7.1 A (continued) METHOD OF
Page 256 and 257: TABLE 7.1 B(conthued) \IPllIOIfi I
Page 258 and 259: TABLE 7.1 B(coatlnued) ISSUES ADDRE
Page 260 and 261: TABLE 7.2 A RELATIVE DISTRlBUTION O
Page 262 and 263: TABLE 7.3 COMPARISON OF TIME INTERV
Page 264 and 265: TABLE 7.6 COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIV
Page 266 and 267: TABLE 7.8 COMPARISON OF COST ALLOCA
Page 268 and 269: TABLE 7.10 ( O~~PARISON OF ANNUAL c
Page 270 and 271: TABLE 7.12 A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL R
Page 272 and 273: FIGURE 7.1 Distribution of daily ac
Page 274 and 275: FIGURE 7.3 Distribution of work pat
Page 279 and 280: Summary And Concliusions
Page 281 and 282: data for certaln Issues were obtaln
Page 283 and 284: (ii) Other epidemiological methods
Page 285 and 286: VHN and PHC records I. The records
Page 287 and 288: expected the school to do everyth~n
Page 289 and 290: stopplng from school They felt that
Page 291 and 292: jc) Health care and the air1 child
Page 293 and 294: Data from Government Chest Clinic,
Page 295 and 296: hlgher than In boys, the difference
Page 297 and 298: (lv) Cost of household consumption
Page 302 and 303: 9.4 Recommondatins for future resea
Page 304 and 305: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayit~wnl, V K . Agntwo
Page 306 and 307: Bamji. M.S.. Sarma. R.K.V.. Radhaia
Page 308 and 309: Bundy, D.A.P., Guyatt, H.L. (1996).
Page 310 and 311: Ghildiyal. R., Desai. B.N.. Joshi.
Page 312 and 313: Kapoor, G., Aneja, S. (1992). Nutri
Page 314 and 315: Nagoba. B.S.. Basutkar, S.H.. Bhat.
Page 316 and 317: Ramakrlshnan, R.. Rao. T.V . Prasad
Page 318 and 319: Sharma, R.G., Mishra. Y.C., Vennal,
Page 320 and 321: Umeh. R.E.. Chijloke, C.P.. Okonkwo
Page 323: * Not to be Rlled In the fleld " Co
Page 327 and 328: School children-Girl Chlld S.A Form
Page 329 and 330: School children Girl child S.A ID.
Page 331 and 332: Form to be filled up during follow
Page 333 and 334: h. I'arliril,nlio~~ ill 1111usrhol
Page 335: .%A / WirJa 11. as! tad uq.& ~a .WA
Page 343: 6. jlb na,/J s- Sr .?ud;~O3unmn~t 0
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