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la) Gender preference in havina children 11) Ethnographic methods Structured quest~onnalre showed that while many (751160,46 9%) people preferred to have both a boy and a girl some (25 6%) preferred to have only a male ch~ld A few (15 0%) d~d not m~nd a chid of any sex, while yet another few (12 5%) preferred to have only girls Boys were preferred malnly for ewnomlc support and to carry on the fan~lly name The value of girls In looklng after the parents when necessary and help~ng them In housework was apprec~ated by some people The sex ratlo of 1,004 In the village supports the fact that gender preference was not strong In thls part of the country lb) Nutrlt~on and the girl child (i) Ethnographic methods The vtllageis d~d not glve any speclal d~eto thelr sons Many (891160. 53 0%) felt that whoever was hungry should eat f~rst Some people felt that boys were generally fussy about food whlle g~rls were more accommodat~ve (11) Othe~ epidemiological methods There was no d~etary dlscnmlnatlon agalnst girls ether In the quallty or quant~ty of food d~spensed Although both girls and boys consumed much less than the recommended values of nutrients, no slgnlflcant d~fference was observed between them (p > 0 05)
jc) Health care and the air1 child (i) Ethnographic methods All of them felt that attentlon should be glven to a slck chlid whether it was a boy or a girl They do not glve d~fferent care for boys and girls. They felt that a chlld, whether boy or girl was very preuous (ii) Other epidemiological methods Data from rural area 3 Immunization 1. From the data collected along wtth the census ~t was observed that out of 503 glds and 516 boys between 520 years of age, 426 (84 7%) glds and 465 (90 12%) boys were completely ~mmunlzed w~th DPT (p < 0 05) 2. In the cross sect~onal rnorb~d~ty survey In school, 217 out of 591 girls (36 7%) and 274 out of 758 boys (362%) had endence of ~mmunlzatlon w~th BCG vacclne (p > 0 05) 3 Morbidity There was no s~gnlflcant dlfference In the overall morb~dlty between girls and boys In the cross sectional morbldlty survey In school as well as In the cohort study 3 Attention in sickness and type of health care No slgnlflcant dlfference was observed In the type of health care glven to girls and boys as per school survey and cohort study (p > 0 05) In the cohort study, ~t was also observed that 7 out of a total of 127 eplsodes (5 5%) of ~llnesses In glds and 13 out of 179 (7 3%) ep~sodes of illnesses In boys were glven medical attentlon after a delay of 2 days llom the onset of lllness (p > 0 05)
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A Case Study of the Health, Educati
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT "No man is an island
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAQE No. I. INTROD
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INTRODUCTION The children of today
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phase, there is maximum educational
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Apart from the health and education
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Jims Jnd Objectives
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(c) To study the diet pattern of ch
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OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN This chapt
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3.2 Definltlon of age group for the
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(11) Pedlatrlcs Inpatlent ward => O
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- Study Qrea Qnd Demography
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4.22 Itrfreslructun, The village is
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and India, is given in Table 4.1. O
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TABLE 4.1 AGE AND GENDER SPECIFlC D
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TABLE 4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
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Distributlon of adult village popul
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HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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of chronic illnesses in children le
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Bhasin et a1..1990; Gupta et a1..19
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eported by ttie School Heallh Cell,
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lb) Anemia (i) Global scenario Nutr
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serum vitamin A; iii) ophthalmologi
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and elimination of iodine deficienc
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in 15.7% of the children screened (
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3 Strives to prov~de a healthy envi
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nght attitudes and practices. In or
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her schooling (XI1 standard) and wa
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(iii) Nonparticipant observation No
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The height and weight of the chlldr
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5 3.2 Organization of date and anal
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eflection of the lower enrollment r
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ecommended and the actual intake of
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(11) Causes Change of water cold fo
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The mean duration of fever was 3.6(
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annual ~nc~dence being 6211,000 chi
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were all unanimous In saying that t
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chlldren from socioeconomically bac
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Le generally lower than the values
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health problem in school age childr
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p91d tltero is widespread use of io
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worms spontaneously formed In the s
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MORBIDITY PATTERN m S= S Year oi pu
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1ABLE 5.3 PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A D
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I'HKVAl.H.NC'lr. O W ItIIIIIIMA I I
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METHODS OF SNDY USED FOR DIFFERENT
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TABLE 5.8 B ISSUES ADDRESSED BY DWF
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TABLE 5.8 B (continued) ISSUES ADDR
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TABLE 5.10 A COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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TABLE 5.10 C COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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COMPARISON OF MEAN INTAKE OF THIAMI
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COMPARlSON OF MEAN INTAKE OF PROTEI
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TABLE 5.11D COMPARISON OF MEAN INTA
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TABLE 5.13 PHKVALLNC'R OF UIFQEUEN'
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TABLE 5.15 COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE
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TABLE 5.19 PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONA
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TABLE 5.22 PREVALENCE OF %FECTIOUS
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TABLE 5.23 (continued) COMPARISON O
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TABLE 5.25 ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF DlFF
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TABLE 5.28 ( OMPARISON OF SPEC'IRII
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TABLE 5.29 COMPARISON OF REPORTED S
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TABLE 5.33 BY THE PARAMEDICAI. WORK
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FIGURE 5.2 Comparison of age and ge
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FIGURE 5.5 Monthly variation in the
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FIGURE 5.6 Comparlson of age specif
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FIGURE 5.10 Age specific body mass
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FIGURE 5.14 Prevalence of important
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EDUCATION STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHIL
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6.2.2 Indian Scenario (8) Literact
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32.5% for girls and 15.9% for boys
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summary tables givlng details of th
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namely school records and census It
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school butldlng should be better Th
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(iii) Proportion of children in the
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8, "During groundnut picking season
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6.4.3 Dropout @) Maanitude and ~att
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C, Case Studies Case N0.l Dhanalaks
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,haracter of ch~ldren and help them
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Researchers have not been able to c
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allage, local fesbvals and funct~on
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TABLE 6.3 PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS REACH
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TABLE 6.4 (continued) ('OMPAHISON O
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I TABLE 6.5 A (continued) ' USED FO
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1 TABLE 6.5 B (continued) ISSUES AD
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TABLE 6.8 ('OMPARISON OP CAUSKS OF
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TABLE 6.10 COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF
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TABLE 6.12 COMPARISON OF CAllSES OF
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FIGURE 6.1 Literacy rates in female
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FIGURE 6.3 Comparison of age and ge
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FIGURE 6.5 Comparison of proportion
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FIGURE 6.7 Dropout pattern in glrls
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SOCIAL STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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tremendous Increase in the enrollme
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children had lower contact rates th
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female ch~ldren showed that between
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was felt that more information coul
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detalls of the~r actlv~ties In the
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sectlon For each Issue, the observa
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"eglected the smaller of the twlns
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many (53 1%) preferred to take them
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(11) Data from tertiary care hospit
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so However, some (22 5O/0) were w~l
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(i~) Cohort 3 In the cohort, 54 out
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(i) Work The daily actlvlty pattern
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not interfere with a girl's educati
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The following are some of the state
Page 240 and 241: was collected from 99 familles The
Page 242 and 243: on the Issue of school age g~rls (U
Page 244 and 245: een found that in some parts of the
Page 246 and 247: 48 0% In glrls and 52 0% In boys Th
Page 248 and 249: as an excuse to stop thelr girls fr
Page 250 and 251: stud~es compared to boys, although
Page 252 and 253: TABLE 7.1 A METHOD OF STUDY USED FO
Page 254 and 255: I TABLE 7.1 A (continued) METHOD OF
Page 256 and 257: TABLE 7.1 B(conthued) \IPllIOIfi I
Page 258 and 259: TABLE 7.1 B(coatlnued) ISSUES ADDRE
Page 260 and 261: TABLE 7.2 A RELATIVE DISTRlBUTION O
Page 262 and 263: TABLE 7.3 COMPARISON OF TIME INTERV
Page 264 and 265: TABLE 7.6 COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIV
Page 266 and 267: TABLE 7.8 COMPARISON OF COST ALLOCA
Page 268 and 269: TABLE 7.10 ( O~~PARISON OF ANNUAL c
Page 270 and 271: TABLE 7.12 A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL R
Page 272 and 273: FIGURE 7.1 Distribution of daily ac
Page 274 and 275: FIGURE 7.3 Distribution of work pat
Page 279 and 280: Summary And Concliusions
Page 281 and 282: data for certaln Issues were obtaln
Page 283 and 284: (ii) Other epidemiological methods
Page 285 and 286: VHN and PHC records I. The records
Page 287 and 288: expected the school to do everyth~n
Page 289: stopplng from school They felt that
Page 293 and 294: Data from Government Chest Clinic,
Page 295 and 296: hlgher than In boys, the difference
Page 297 and 298: (lv) Cost of household consumption
Page 300 and 301: RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the flndln
Page 302 and 303: 9.4 Recommondatins for future resea
Page 304 and 305: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayit~wnl, V K . Agntwo
Page 306 and 307: Bamji. M.S.. Sarma. R.K.V.. Radhaia
Page 308 and 309: Bundy, D.A.P., Guyatt, H.L. (1996).
Page 310 and 311: Ghildiyal. R., Desai. B.N.. Joshi.
Page 312 and 313: Kapoor, G., Aneja, S. (1992). Nutri
Page 314 and 315: Nagoba. B.S.. Basutkar, S.H.. Bhat.
Page 316 and 317: Ramakrlshnan, R.. Rao. T.V . Prasad
Page 318 and 319: Sharma, R.G., Mishra. Y.C., Vennal,
Page 320 and 321: Umeh. R.E.. Chijloke, C.P.. Okonkwo
Page 323: * Not to be Rlled In the fleld " Co
Page 327 and 328: School children-Girl Chlld S.A Form
Page 329 and 330: School children Girl child S.A ID.
Page 331 and 332: Form to be filled up during follow
Page 333 and 334: h. I'arliril,nlio~~ ill 1111usrhol
Page 335: .%A / WirJa 11. as! tad uq.& ~a .WA
Page 343:
6. jlb na,/J s- Sr .?ud;~O3unmn~t 0
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