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average student teacher ratlo IS 25 0 Even In a developing country l~ke Chlle where ,ducatlon has been glven due Importance the ratlo IS 30 0-45 0 (Rodnquez 1994) In lndla we should pertlaps atrn al hav~rlg a better student-leacher ratlo to Ilnprove the qual~ty of education 6.5.4 Schwl Absenteeism In the cohort study ~t was observed that school absenteelsm was not a very tmportant factor affechng the educat~on of school chlldren Ch~ldren who attended school dld not frequently absent themselves The mean number of days lost per ch~ld per year was only 1 5 (+I 4) days Adverse weather condit~ons whlch Included heavy and continuous rams dunng the monsoon was the most common cause of school absenteelsm A malor part of the school functions from thatched sheds and does not prowde adequate protection from ram Th~s together w~th the d~fflcult~es In traveling In the rams, contributed s~gn~flcantly to school absenteelsm Thls can be reduced by lmprovlng the physical ~nfrastruclure of the school Ill health and golng to work were lhe next common causes of absenteelsm The ill health Included mlnor allments lhke headache fever and abdominal paln Most of the work whlch made the chlldren stay away from school wmpnsed odd jobs l~ke fetchlng water carrylng lunch to the fleld going to the shop, etc whtch took about half to one hour In the mornlng Fear of pun~shment on belng late to school was a reason to absent oneself from school the whole day. School absence due to work could perhaps be reduced tf the att~tude of the school authont~es were more flexlble At the same time. Parents and chlldren also should be mottvated to be more respons~ble and dtsclpl~ned This will also reduce school absentee~srn due to other causes like vlstts outsldc the
allage, local fesbvals and funct~ons at home etc. which were found to be other common reasons for not going to school in the current study. ~ducatronal attainment depends on parental and communlty ~nwlvemant and In the study area there seemed to be a def~nlte need for motlvatlng and ~nvolvlng them In order to Improve enrollment school attendance and reduce dropout Although school absenteelsm was not very slgnlflcant, some of the causes polnt to a lack of dlsc~pllne and mot~vahon In both the parents and the students lmprovlng the school ~nfrastructure, mak~ng the educat~on system more su~table and meaningful In the rural context and lnculcatlng a sense of dlsclpllne and responslb~llty In the communlty wlll deflnltely ralse the quallty of educat~on Imparted to school ch~ldren
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A Case Study of the Health, Educati
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT "No man is an island
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAQE No. I. INTROD
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INTRODUCTION The children of today
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phase, there is maximum educational
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Apart from the health and education
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Jims Jnd Objectives
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(c) To study the diet pattern of ch
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OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN This chapt
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3.2 Definltlon of age group for the
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(11) Pedlatrlcs Inpatlent ward => O
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- Study Qrea Qnd Demography
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4.22 Itrfreslructun, The village is
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and India, is given in Table 4.1. O
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TABLE 4.1 AGE AND GENDER SPECIFlC D
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TABLE 4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
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Distributlon of adult village popul
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HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
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of chronic illnesses in children le
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Bhasin et a1..1990; Gupta et a1..19
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eported by ttie School Heallh Cell,
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lb) Anemia (i) Global scenario Nutr
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serum vitamin A; iii) ophthalmologi
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and elimination of iodine deficienc
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in 15.7% of the children screened (
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3 Strives to prov~de a healthy envi
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nght attitudes and practices. In or
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her schooling (XI1 standard) and wa
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(iii) Nonparticipant observation No
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The height and weight of the chlldr
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5 3.2 Organization of date and anal
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eflection of the lower enrollment r
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ecommended and the actual intake of
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(11) Causes Change of water cold fo
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The mean duration of fever was 3.6(
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annual ~nc~dence being 6211,000 chi
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were all unanimous In saying that t
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chlldren from socioeconomically bac
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Le generally lower than the values
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health problem in school age childr
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p91d tltero is widespread use of io
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worms spontaneously formed In the s
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MORBIDITY PATTERN m S= S Year oi pu
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1ABLE 5.3 PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A D
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I'HKVAl.H.NC'lr. O W ItIIIIIIMA I I
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METHODS OF SNDY USED FOR DIFFERENT
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TABLE 5.8 B ISSUES ADDRESSED BY DWF
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TABLE 5.8 B (continued) ISSUES ADDR
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TABLE 5.10 A COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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TABLE 5.10 C COMPARISON OF MEAN INT
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COMPARISON OF MEAN INTAKE OF THIAMI
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COMPARlSON OF MEAN INTAKE OF PROTEI
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TABLE 5.11D COMPARISON OF MEAN INTA
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TABLE 5.13 PHKVALLNC'R OF UIFQEUEN'
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TABLE 5.15 COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE
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TABLE 5.19 PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONA
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TABLE 5.22 PREVALENCE OF %FECTIOUS
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TABLE 5.23 (continued) COMPARISON O
Page 130 and 131: TABLE 5.25 ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF DlFF
Page 132 and 133: TABLE 5.28 ( OMPARISON OF SPEC'IRII
Page 134 and 135: TABLE 5.29 COMPARISON OF REPORTED S
Page 140 and 141: TABLE 5.33 BY THE PARAMEDICAI. WORK
Page 142 and 143: FIGURE 5.2 Comparison of age and ge
Page 144 and 145: FIGURE 5.5 Monthly variation in the
Page 146 and 147: FIGURE 5.6 Comparlson of age specif
Page 148 and 149: FIGURE 5.10 Age specific body mass
Page 150: FIGURE 5.14 Prevalence of important
Page 157 and 158: EDUCATION STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHIL
Page 159 and 160: 6.2.2 Indian Scenario (8) Literact
Page 161 and 162: 32.5% for girls and 15.9% for boys
Page 163 and 164: summary tables givlng details of th
Page 165 and 166: namely school records and census It
Page 167 and 168: school butldlng should be better Th
Page 169 and 170: (iii) Proportion of children in the
Page 171 and 172: 8, "During groundnut picking season
Page 173 and 174: 6.4.3 Dropout @) Maanitude and ~att
Page 175 and 176: C, Case Studies Case N0.l Dhanalaks
Page 177 and 178: ,haracter of ch~ldren and help them
Page 179: Researchers have not been able to c
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 6.3 PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS REACH
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 6.4 (continued) ('OMPAHISON O
Page 187 and 188: I TABLE 6.5 A (continued) ' USED FO
Page 189 and 190: 1 TABLE 6.5 B (continued) ISSUES AD
Page 191 and 192: TABLE 6.8 ('OMPARISON OP CAUSKS OF
Page 193 and 194: TABLE 6.10 COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF
Page 195 and 196: TABLE 6.12 COMPARISON OF CAllSES OF
Page 197 and 198: FIGURE 6.1 Literacy rates in female
Page 199 and 200: FIGURE 6.3 Comparison of age and ge
Page 201 and 202: FIGURE 6.5 Comparison of proportion
Page 203 and 204: FIGURE 6.7 Dropout pattern in glrls
Page 210 and 211: SOCIAL STATUS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDRE
Page 212 and 213: tremendous Increase in the enrollme
Page 214 and 215: children had lower contact rates th
Page 216 and 217: female ch~ldren showed that between
Page 218 and 219: was felt that more information coul
Page 220 and 221: detalls of the~r actlv~ties In the
Page 222 and 223: sectlon For each Issue, the observa
Page 224 and 225: "eglected the smaller of the twlns
Page 226 and 227: many (53 1%) preferred to take them
Page 228 and 229: (11) Data from tertiary care hospit
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so However, some (22 5O/0) were w~l
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(i~) Cohort 3 In the cohort, 54 out
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(i) Work The daily actlvlty pattern
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not interfere with a girl's educati
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The following are some of the state
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was collected from 99 familles The
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on the Issue of school age g~rls (U
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een found that in some parts of the
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48 0% In glrls and 52 0% In boys Th
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as an excuse to stop thelr girls fr
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stud~es compared to boys, although
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TABLE 7.1 A METHOD OF STUDY USED FO
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I TABLE 7.1 A (continued) METHOD OF
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TABLE 7.1 B(conthued) \IPllIOIfi I
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TABLE 7.1 B(coatlnued) ISSUES ADDRE
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TABLE 7.2 A RELATIVE DISTRlBUTION O
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TABLE 7.3 COMPARISON OF TIME INTERV
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TABLE 7.6 COMPARISON OF DAILY ACTIV
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TABLE 7.8 COMPARISON OF COST ALLOCA
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TABLE 7.10 ( O~~PARISON OF ANNUAL c
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TABLE 7.12 A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL R
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FIGURE 7.1 Distribution of daily ac
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FIGURE 7.3 Distribution of work pat
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Summary And Concliusions
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data for certaln Issues were obtaln
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(ii) Other epidemiological methods
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VHN and PHC records I. The records
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expected the school to do everyth~n
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stopplng from school They felt that
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jc) Health care and the air1 child
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Data from Government Chest Clinic,
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hlgher than In boys, the difference
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(lv) Cost of household consumption
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RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the flndln
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9.4 Recommondatins for future resea
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayit~wnl, V K . Agntwo
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Bamji. M.S.. Sarma. R.K.V.. Radhaia
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Bundy, D.A.P., Guyatt, H.L. (1996).
Page 310 and 311:
Ghildiyal. R., Desai. B.N.. Joshi.
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Kapoor, G., Aneja, S. (1992). Nutri
Page 314 and 315:
Nagoba. B.S.. Basutkar, S.H.. Bhat.
Page 316 and 317:
Ramakrlshnan, R.. Rao. T.V . Prasad
Page 318 and 319:
Sharma, R.G., Mishra. Y.C., Vennal,
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Umeh. R.E.. Chijloke, C.P.. Okonkwo
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* Not to be Rlled In the fleld " Co
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School children-Girl Chlld S.A Form
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School children Girl child S.A ID.
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Form to be filled up during follow
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h. I'arliril,nlio~~ ill 1111usrhol
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.%A / WirJa 11. as! tad uq.& ~a .WA
Page 343:
6. jlb na,/J s- Sr .?ud;~O3unmn~t 0
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