Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

of ground vegetation within a mixed conifer-red maple forested wetland studied by &atley and Fahey (2986) in central New York. Although the concentrations of individual elements were not determined, the atlthors found significant differences in the ash conterlt of the organic soil among the various ground vegetation associations Cr~ible 4.1); they interpreted the differences b xncarl that base status was a key factor pronlotirlg the floristic variation. Gcnerrilly, ash content of the soil was higher in associatiorls characterized as swamp (CL and CP in Table 4.1) than in those characterized as bog (IV and DV). The swarrlp communities supported more species as well. Aa noted earlier, plant species richness in red maple swamp underlain by calc~treous bedrock or calcamous sdicial deposits oftcn far exceeds that in acidic swamps. In preparing species lists for southern New England calcareous seepagc3 swamps, hwirxski (19134) noted that the herb 1ayt.r is the most sensitive indicatnr of nutrie~lt status. Individual calcareous swarllps may support xnore than 50 species of herbs, more than twice the number usually found in acidic swmrrps. Key indicator species for calcareous seepage swamps were identified in the previous chapter. The role of ptI in the distribution of red maple swamp flora has not been clearly defined. hblished values for pH in northeastern red nraple swamps range fmm below four in sonxe organic soils or mas of acidic bedmck (Anderson et d. 1980, Lowry 1%; %atfey and FRhcy 1986) to nearly seven (Messier 1980; I-Iuermeke 1982) in areas with calcareous bedrock or surficial deposih. Studies by Messier (1980), Huenneke (1982), and Dunn and Stear~ls (1987a,b) demonstrated a relation between pI.1 and SWRXII~ floristics in areas where pH values range widely; the strength of this relation within areas of low base status has not been established (A~lderson et a1. 1978, 1980; Lowry 1984; Parnt ley and Ekhey 1986). The i~fluence of soil on swamp flora is likely to be mainly hydrologic or chemical, but properties such as organic nlatter content nnd soil text;ure have also been shown to be importarit in some cases (Fry@ and @inn 1979; Huenneke 1982; Dunrl and Steams 1987a,b). Roth of these properties vary widely in red maple swamps of the glaciated Northcast. Anderson et al. (1980) and Grace (1972) noted no differences between red maple swarnp corrlrnunities on organic soils and those on nxi~ierul soils, but their conclusions were based on general observatioxts rather than quantitative analyses. &cause of the scant research and the close relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soils arid wetland water regimes, the direct influence of organic matter cont~nt and soil texture on the species compcrsitiorl of x~ortheastern red niaple swamps remains largely \mknc>wtx,
Chapter 5. Ecosystem Processes Irr rtortftc~:tm3t~*rri SU.'I~II~J)R, ?[)''(I ti) Eb(So,.ii of titc sx~tr~in:tI I-rrdi;rl g~.stwth of n*d rnrxy.slc4 CZI~AR IR BCCP~~Hgilrslxc*m, iio~tirtg tknnt it durwtly nfftvb -- lsirbrnd favtriiglit)~fir~g tli&cti~- RIOII fcxlistv~ OII tlrf~~l~;!~ 131 rtxdinl grtti~>awrlstrtls grf>wflt watt liktldr: of >til~vltxtt* 111 F P O ~ ~ I C C ~ B ~ ~ ~ F 'W~PX~ICW RIIIIOII~~ -yc*xw tmcl zi~1~ec*e~(3t~~~t
Page 2 and 3:
Technical IIbpg~rt Series U.S. Fish
Page 5 and 6:
Preface In many areas of the glacia
Page 7 and 8:
Acer rubrum (red maple) diagnostic
Page 9 and 10:
Zone 111 . St . Lawrence Valley and
Page 11 and 12:
Fig . 3.7. Red maple swap with unde
Page 13 and 14:
Table 4.5. Flood tolerance of trees
Page 15 and 16:
Chapter I. Introduction Wetland kbr
Page 17 and 18:
Regional Setting throughout the gla
Page 19 and 20:
C-J Spruce-Fa Beech-Birch-Maple Mit
Page 21 and 22:
Fig. 1.4. The range of red maple (a
Page 23 and 24:
~ b 1.5, h fircort~ of Wet landc Ir
Page 25 and 26:
Fig. 22. &~lrit~ve Irtndtici~pe yos
Page 27 and 28:
egional groundwakr table by the roc
Page 29 and 30:
y e~rr~mtrtm~~,irzst ion. Cat~t,inu
Page 31 and 32:
inflow^ Outflows OF SWQ SWI Fig. 25
Page 33 and 34:
Fig, 23.6,Soasonally flmded red map
Page 35 and 36:
Fig. 27. Water levels in six mode I
Page 37 and 38: The duration of soil saturation has
Page 39 and 40: Organic soils are always very poorl
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. The Plant Community The
Page 43 and 44: .dar02f 'B Xi? s%u?mma -?sway+xqq p
Page 47 and 48: Community S tructare Red maple swam
Page 49 and 50: suggesta a strong correlation betwe
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.2. Stmtuml chumcteristics o
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.3. Continued. "- -- - Speci
Page 55 and 56: Table __ 3.3. _ Continued ._.lll.__
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3. Continued. . * - __.. ^.
Page 59 and 60: Zone I II III TV C" Drppnmriad* sp.
Page 61 and 62: on Long Island, pin oak, swamp whit
Page 63 and 64: fern moea (?ki.c&inz &limfulum), an
Page 65 and 66: countered (Table 3.3). The herb lay
Page 67 and 68: ~akareous Seepage Swamps England si
Page 69 and 70: and globeflower are. listed in four
Page 71 and 72: was the most likely reason for diff
Page 73 and 74: kvei fluctuation during the gmwing
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. .Rektit.e ~bmchnce w Q)
Page 77 and 78: difficuit to delineate in many inst
Page 79 and 80: in the librature btlx>~ithe moi~ttl
Page 81 and 82: Origin. an$ Relationship to Water R
Page 83 and 84: Influence on Swamp Vegetation Flori
Page 85 and 86: taka wpra-x li)wcir, t raac* df~rla
Page 87: dwuL 4.3 6.3. C ~ ~ ~ strisk- P C I
Page 91 and 92: - 0 2 E E 0l *" C 8 g 00 - c_ m 3 -
Page 93 and 94: Ehnzdoltf (IWj wm mmht~nt, rru@w on
Page 95 and 96: 1976; I">irwia RE& vari iier Vdk 18
Page 97 and 98: Xletritus Exprort and 'sod Chain Su
Page 99: Chapter 6. Wetland Dynamics Most no
Page 102 and 103: since forested wetland is the endpo
Page 104 and 105: kettle bogs, lakes, or large rivers
Page 106 and 107: mmdwakr depression wetlands. Becaus
Page 108 and 109: (Mniotila varia), regularly breed i
Page 110 and 111: EXusbtand arid Eddleman (1Y30) quan
Page 112 and 113: census results. Twenty-five (40%) o
Page 114 and 115: elated to avian richness and abunda
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 7.6. Wood duck (Aix sponsa). T
Page 118 and 119: Table 7.5. Small-mammal communities
Page 120 and 121: ing the latter years of flowage occ
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8. Values, Impacts, and Man
Page 124 and 125: of the bordering upland. Both studi
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 8.1. ST folia) in pel fer. .bu
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1. Emrnpks ofgmss loss rate
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 8.3. Southern New England red
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 8.4. Electric utility lines pa
Page 134 and 135: e expected to cause more drastic fl
Page 136 and 137: and enhancement has been a highly c
Page 138 and 139:
y capturing sediment, reducing nutr
Page 140 and 141:
M.R.S.A., Sect. 480.A). Research by
Page 142 and 143:
Broadfoot, W. M., and H. L. Willist
Page 144 and 145:
Fefer, S. I. 1980. me palushe syste
Page 146 and 147:
Jordan, R J. 1978. Glacial geology
Page 148 and 149:
Xew Hampshire Xatural Areas Program
Page 150 and 151:
Ren MAPLE SWAMR 137 Smith, H. 1984.
Page 152 and 153:
Appendix A. Sources of Floristic Da
Page 154 and 155:
Appendix B. Plants of Special Conce
Page 156 and 157:
Appendix B. Continued Species d Car
Page 158 and 159:
Appendix C. Vertebrates That Have B
Page 160 and 161:
Mourning warbler ... Nashville warb
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix D. Vertebrates of Special
Page 164 and 165:
~tnte"and ronsewat ion stat ilu' d
show all

Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?