Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

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showed a strong preference for depressions in all four drainage classes sampled: moderately dry, seepage, moderately flooded, and severely flooded. Black ash, rough-leaved goldemod (Solidago patula), marsh blue violet, and marsh fern also were most common in depressions. Dwarf blackberry (Rubus pubescens), northern white violet, and swamp jack-in-the-pulpit occurred with high frequency in depressions in the moderately dry drainage class only; in other drainage classes, these three species either were infrequent or showed no obvious microsite preferences. Poison ivy was most common in depressions overall, but occurred most frequently on mounds in the severely flooded class. Six ground-layer species were largely restricted to mounds; they were partridgeberry, white pine, blue bead-lily, goldthread, American yew, and starflower; eastern hemlock, red maple, wild lilyof-the-valley, teaberry, and knight$ plume moss (Ptilium crista-castrensis) also showed a preference for mounds. Only stadlower was relatively common in drainage classes with high mean water levels as well as low mean levels. In the moderately dry class, several of these mound species showed less fidelity to mounds. Wild lily-of-thevalley, teaberry, and blue bead-lily in particular were more common in depressions in the moderately dry class, but more common on mounds in the wetter drainage classes. Figure 4.7 shows the distribution of five common species by microsite and drainage class. Microsite preferences for the ground-layer species highlighted in Paratley and Fahey's (1986) impatiens biflora Rubus pubescens M Dry Seep M Flood S Flood M Dry Se-p M Flood S Flood Rhus radicans a, 0 C 70 ? 60 60 3 0 O w 50 0 40 .- U) c a " 30 2 20 20 a, a ro lo Mitchella repens Fig. 4.7. Frequency distributions of five plant species according to microsite and water regime in a central New York swamp (after F'aratley and Fahey 1986). Impatiens biflom is grouped under I. mpensis in Table 3.3. M Dry Seep M Flood S Flood M Dry Seep M Flood S Flood Maianthemum canadense &j Mounds w Depressions 0 Intermediate positions 50 U) MDry= Moderately dry 30 S= Seepage site MFlood= Moderately flooded 20 S~lood= Severely flooded M Dry Seep M Flood S Flood
taka wpra-x li)wcir, t raac* df~rlattir-8 W~CN~ mrrngnretaia or1 rr~ottr~cis arid fiart,tu, but %ti!! low 11% deprcsraions kw Ci\gtsta I ~*tt~taf~it-ll ~K~I~IIIIIW of wt~tw th~~~x. Slarrrh de*rrmty witw yxtaittvrfy xx*CIIam'i t~i 1tswaL atul na1crwinv8rr.f 11% snx IartAr lair-I& m*d rrtnpte raw&znXrR st ctt4ia.ti by I awrg' $I$%$); the rt~txc~iarrard m~ac~~n~Bi~*f. i k3lt.t (l%G!)) obsaxmr?.d that repnductir~xl of the r~iitjw- ts"i.a* 8gxviiba IIPX mci rrttaple svranl&>e at %bvsr!~*rnrrraa Ntit irsnaii Wtltllifa. ECcfuge in c~enk~tl Sew York iapiwtrn*1.l to k b~fiflurx~~xd by nsicmwXia3f 6831t1 mxf~%lk*~i ,mil fauxrcl both on aaxrrtixx& axrd in depmw- Baorm* but ttli~y were m>f~c~^"~h?y mofe ~bxrt2~11L i: tirrr II~~?YH~ ~L+~>~Y~~AIQ~X."~, f\ll~tr*rx~n~~ elm dlirw wt%rea tklai2r)nt rr rf iwly rr*atric.tahd tn the drier IIIC)UF~~B. It] lnw stixltrzactr, nd ~nati~te st>t-.cfia epmtsted ixr p m t I*~LIxI~'~" L"S tttw 11101~x, but dt"w~tk*f*xti, depmmicjx~ tl:tg. 1,PZ rssutg ww~r levcis k:lh+d v ~ u d rali y of
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Technical IIbpg~rt Series U.S. Fish
Page 5 and 6:
Preface In many areas of the glacia
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Acer rubrum (red maple) diagnostic
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Zone 111 . St . Lawrence Valley and
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Fig . 3.7. Red maple swap with unde
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Table 4.5. Flood tolerance of trees
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Chapter I. Introduction Wetland kbr
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Regional Setting throughout the gla
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C-J Spruce-Fa Beech-Birch-Maple Mit
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Fig. 1.4. The range of red maple (a
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~ b 1.5, h fircort~ of Wet landc Ir
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Fig. 22. &~lrit~ve Irtndtici~pe yos
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egional groundwakr table by the roc
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y e~rr~mtrtm~~,irzst ion. Cat~t,inu
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inflow^ Outflows OF SWQ SWI Fig. 25
Page 33 and 34: Fig, 23.6,Soasonally flmded red map
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 27. Water levels in six mode I
Page 37 and 38: The duration of soil saturation has
Page 39 and 40: Organic soils are always very poorl
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. The Plant Community The
Page 43 and 44: .dar02f 'B Xi? s%u?mma -?sway+xqq p
Page 47 and 48: Community S tructare Red maple swam
Page 49 and 50: suggesta a strong correlation betwe
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.2. Stmtuml chumcteristics o
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.3. Continued. "- -- - Speci
Page 55 and 56: Table __ 3.3. _ Continued ._.lll.__
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3. Continued. . * - __.. ^.
Page 59 and 60: Zone I II III TV C" Drppnmriad* sp.
Page 61 and 62: on Long Island, pin oak, swamp whit
Page 63 and 64: fern moea (?ki.c&inz &limfulum), an
Page 65 and 66: countered (Table 3.3). The herb lay
Page 67 and 68: ~akareous Seepage Swamps England si
Page 69 and 70: and globeflower are. listed in four
Page 71 and 72: was the most likely reason for diff
Page 73 and 74: kvei fluctuation during the gmwing
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. .Rektit.e ~bmchnce w Q)
Page 77 and 78: difficuit to delineate in many inst
Page 79 and 80: in the librature btlx>~ithe moi~ttl
Page 81 and 82: Origin. an$ Relationship to Water R
Page 83: Influence on Swamp Vegetation Flori
Page 87 and 88: dwuL 4.3 6.3. C ~ ~ ~ strisk- P C I
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5. Ecosystem Processes Irr
Page 91 and 92: - 0 2 E E 0l *" C 8 g 00 - c_ m 3 -
Page 93 and 94: Ehnzdoltf (IWj wm mmht~nt, rru@w on
Page 95 and 96: 1976; I">irwia RE& vari iier Vdk 18
Page 97 and 98: Xletritus Exprort and 'sod Chain Su
Page 99: Chapter 6. Wetland Dynamics Most no
Page 102 and 103: since forested wetland is the endpo
Page 104 and 105: kettle bogs, lakes, or large rivers
Page 106 and 107: mmdwakr depression wetlands. Becaus
Page 108 and 109: (Mniotila varia), regularly breed i
Page 110 and 111: EXusbtand arid Eddleman (1Y30) quan
Page 112 and 113: census results. Twenty-five (40%) o
Page 114 and 115: elated to avian richness and abunda
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 7.6. Wood duck (Aix sponsa). T
Page 118 and 119: Table 7.5. Small-mammal communities
Page 120 and 121: ing the latter years of flowage occ
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8. Values, Impacts, and Man
Page 124 and 125: of the bordering upland. Both studi
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 8.1. ST folia) in pel fer. .bu
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1. Emrnpks ofgmss loss rate
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 8.3. Southern New England red
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 8.4. Electric utility lines pa
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e expected to cause more drastic fl
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and enhancement has been a highly c
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y capturing sediment, reducing nutr
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M.R.S.A., Sect. 480.A). Research by
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Broadfoot, W. M., and H. L. Willist
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Fefer, S. I. 1980. me palushe syste
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Jordan, R J. 1978. Glacial geology
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Xew Hampshire Xatural Areas Program
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Ren MAPLE SWAMR 137 Smith, H. 1984.
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Appendix A. Sources of Floristic Da
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Appendix B. Plants of Special Conce
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Appendix B. Continued Species d Car
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Appendix C. Vertebrates That Have B
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Mourning warbler ... Nashville warb
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix D. Vertebrates of Special
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~tnte"and ronsewat ion stat ilu' d
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