Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...
Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...
Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...
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Contents<br />
Befa ce ...............................................<br />
iii<br />
ConversionTable ......................................... iv<br />
Frontispiece ............................................ v<br />
Chapter 1 . Introduction ...................................... 2<br />
Wetland Forests <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast .............................. 2<br />
Classification ....................................... 2<br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Maple</strong> Forested Wetlands .............................. 2<br />
Regional Sett<strong>in</strong>g ........................................ 4<br />
Physiography ....................................... 4<br />
Climate ........................................... 5<br />
Major Forest Regions ................................... 6<br />
<strong>Ecology</strong> and Distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>Maple</strong> ........................... 6<br />
Relative Abundance <strong>of</strong> %d <strong>Maple</strong> <strong>Swamps</strong> ......................... 8<br />
Statewide Wetland Invexlbry Statistics ......................... 8<br />
Physiographic Variation <strong>in</strong> Wetland Abundance .................... 9<br />
Chapter 2 . The Physical Environment .............................. 11<br />
Surfkid Geology ....................................... 11<br />
Till ............................................. 11<br />
Stratified Drift. ....................................... 11<br />
Alluvium .......................................... 12<br />
Illydrogeologic Sett<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>Maple</strong> Swmps ....................... 12<br />
Surface-water Depression Wetlands ........................... 14<br />
Surface-water Slope Wetlands .............................. 14<br />
Groundwater Depression Wetlaxlds ........................... 14<br />
Groundwater Slope Wetlands ............................... 16<br />
Hydrologic Budgets <strong>in</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>Maple</strong> <strong>Swamps</strong> ......................... 17<br />
WaterRegimcs ........................................ 19<br />
Def<strong>in</strong>itions and Key Characteristics ........................... 19<br />
Water Levels <strong>in</strong> Rhode Island Swanlps ......................... 20<br />
Soils .............................................. 24<br />
Basic Types: Organic and M<strong>in</strong>erd ............................ 24<br />
I-Iyckic Soil Dra<strong>in</strong>age Classes ............................... 25<br />
Soil Type and Wetland Sett<strong>in</strong>g .............................. 25<br />
Phgrsicd and Morphollogic Properties ........................... 26<br />
Base Status and pH .................................... 26<br />
Chaphr 3 . The Plmt Community ................................ 28<br />
Community Structure ..................................... 34<br />
TreeLnlyer ......................................... 34<br />
SbbLayer ........................................ 36<br />
EIerbbyer ......................................... 37<br />
Spies Richness ....................................... 37<br />
Floristic Composition ..................................... 46<br />
Zone 1 . Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England Upland, Seaboard Lowland, and Coastal Pla<strong>in</strong> .... 47<br />
Zone I1 . Greret Lakes and <strong>Glaciated</strong> Allegheny Plateau ................. 51