Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

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Specltta b ~ t us'. ~ t (1 = (rl = Wl8) in = I:yt~) (,a. = 7) (n =: 9) 'i&inutna t~reillaru IJIT d 29 33 Gamx penqlranlcn IT%, 36 42 78 Gaulthna p m rnbet~ Fi%Cl' 67 8G 1 (XI FAr 11 57 tW 89 mcu %2 -. 44 L-YCD~~!~ rn ohcar m nz FkZC t! 1: 11 14 57 E.8 ? 1 44 29 22 M h k r vi~nuirur fsiorwtmp uuntflam nn FAC t ! lei 17 GI 14 Mitcklla mpens FACU 6 1 43 Ilrnr gla bra fXUW 33 11 71 7 I 44 qurrq11(!fc)lru FAC'I! 17 X) 14 11 Uuulnrin sessilifolm FACU 33 ti(? 100 i M) 44 Anemone fibthemum r?rrruzdcrtse E'rZC 67 89 $6 100 89 Tmntalis bsmlrs Ft2C 100 67 93 I (K) 78 Rubs hwLdLLS FAC: W 50 89 14 29 67 Qsrnundn cmr~mumi.cr FGC' W ,50 Mi 100 Wi Ari,vc~nm trrphylltr rrt FAC W 'A! C'WW~U iWnlpWfCZ nR 'A3 Ca n*x smrsa PAC W 3 3 pIPIyn)pm wuflonl~ 013 I 33 Vmlrz plkm C)L3I, 39 Aakr navr-bc.&r FAC W 50 Camx k,rwhocnqxl OBI., 60 ?bxuddmn rntllclrr~v FAC 17 6 1 Lilturn superbi~m FACW 60 22 mtypte& sirnukatcr FACW 83 44 Thdypteris thc?ly;r>fcmdr?s FACW 17 39 u~ru/u1~folu1 FACU 17 2% OHI:' 1 (XI 83 Symplocn pus f~~tidus OnL, I - < (X) i.2 aVg'f) = vwy pwriy ~lrf;ttt~%i, it[) pt'6y dre8t:1(~d, Sj'iJ = & >II~VW~I = ~ t t ~ ) ( ~ wr!l t ~ drn$rtwi ~ ~ k ~ Sw v '1'nblt, 2 4 for (ff*filtlti(r!l~ "~h.e inyrar spmxt.8 IJICIL~~C 1~11 WCXHIV ~ I C I Iti1 X ~ lc-tlnt ~ fi 111 111 II(-IKI~~, h~lrctt, Inycr Ml)*+ctes ~rlvittd~ WIHK~V pit~rttli irwrt o 5 1x1 ti 11,11111, trcri, Inyrr sp.rtt.n ~nrfudc* tiortwcxxiy vnxt-ulnr j)lrtr~k, wrrcul~ b,irct~tac t c * ttltir~ ~ O 5 irr tail, firrci S!)ti**trlunr rrrtwHcti. " I: Y. &wfr slid Wlldjjftl Servtrr, wcqt!urx6! irztl~rntrir ~ltttoti for ttic" Nrrrtltrnwt rr*gtc>tr (tL"csri l!I#) Sr.ch 'i'*ti~!c 4 3 for dcfiriitioiin, tta = irtd~rrrtor status itot H.WI~IIP~ 'i~hpn. n vant5s, t.11~ fimt nutrllx.r ta 111e 'SI~III~IIC tufts ~ OT Lr(.B, r~~~tely BWOC& 13(?pprbu~h, swamp azalea, tlighbush blueberryp common greeiibrier (Srrzil~x TO~UIZ~L~O~~C~), and fet~l"f3usi1, were cunxrnoli on soa~ewhrit paorly &airled and ~noderatcly well drained soils as well (Table 4.4). Varying alld ~eemingly cor~Lri~rii~COa"y ~taCE?~nexltEE
in the librature btlx>~ithe moi~ttlrcj status of array swmp spcic*8 i.;lo~ig fd srluisture padiexxt padicular a b b sp*cicoa car1 ba ext~laix~ed simply (Ha11 and Smith 1955; Gill 1970; 1k11191.1; Teskey by the faculbtive il'i~tx~m of these ~~(fcie"13. For and WincMey 1977; Theriot f 9%). Nd-t~leraxxce PeaaorxtP other than W R ~ regime T (e.g., lmd-use* data may ba used Lo (If explaixi the distribution of histan>ry or mil nut-riant statliar), R I>~~~CUIPLP fneul- aprs~ioa in natural vc.etlantlrs, (2) formast tihe irntativa gpecies may be aburzdarlt irk very wet swmxps axrtl irk reist'ively dry swmnisPi. Ikcrttxm the root zone for most herh 1ayc.r apecies ia quik shallow, this vchgetaLion layer i~ more pact8 of increarrcd wakr kevels sax plant g~oMh and survival, and (3) predict chawes in tho structure: of the plant csmanunity. A few wetland me epecies art. able to survive 3 ytaars of cantinuo~ls rc*si>orxsiva than ttrrr allrub trr tree 11~pyers to differ- ixlundation ((:reen 1!347f, but mo~t are u~tablc* ta ences in soil rnoi;~t~arcl. at or itoar thu surface of the sxiwiv~ aver1 2 years (Broadfaat and Williston ~pmtl~rd (Davis 19%; A1lc.n et a&. 1989). As cn mrsutt, 1973). CIf39 deciduous tree ~peeiestudied by 13~11 tlne iwrb Iapr of IXIB~IC* B I W ~ ~ fret.luerxt,ly ~ I B and Srnith (1955) in Tcnnesscs, r.ionch warr able t;cr corttairxs tt $la:~ater diver~ity of elx*cicse in harms nJ wc*tlund indicntx>x: etntus. In tIis Rhofie Islarrd moif-ith~irt3 prrdiexrl stttdy, the f~arguex~ry of cwcurretxcp of mratay Itcprbl layer spociee rtcnjns the vrariow soil clraixxagr* C~Z(BRC*H cIii~t11y n~ftfit-h~d t hc wetsurvive if the mt ayskm was covered with water for xriare thtzrr 54% of ths growing wmon durulg an 8-year period. Flp7c~itti rrt ol~~rt~tl~ rrl ), triore? growirk# 8criso11,u) nrcx riot imprtant MI)(ZC~CP~ atrtd y~tl&ri~lg~*k)c+rr~~ c*ltsitrly W~TV r~xor-~vo~~iri~~~~i in rn red ~t~ul~le Hwamys. %~rs nltrnt rorrunndy fcrurtd upltud stril~ td1r411 in wcatltrtld soilu, t)i)ligi~t~~ WWI*- iat~cf (OfjIJ B ~X\C~B wtw found OXII~ in very ~rexirly trt ~cast>~ially floudcd swa~nps are typically classifivtt tolorar-rt or ir~tsrmc*di~tbly tolerant. Xxltnlerdr~kll~d MOIXR, ~ lld F$$(;W NP'
Page 2 and 3:
Technical IIbpg~rt Series U.S. Fish
Page 5 and 6:
Preface In many areas of the glacia
Page 7 and 8:
Acer rubrum (red maple) diagnostic
Page 9 and 10:
Zone 111 . St . Lawrence Valley and
Page 11 and 12:
Fig . 3.7. Red maple swap with unde
Page 13 and 14:
Table 4.5. Flood tolerance of trees
Page 15 and 16:
Chapter I. Introduction Wetland kbr
Page 17 and 18:
Regional Setting throughout the gla
Page 19 and 20:
C-J Spruce-Fa Beech-Birch-Maple Mit
Page 21 and 22:
Fig. 1.4. The range of red maple (a
Page 23 and 24:
~ b 1.5, h fircort~ of Wet landc Ir
Page 25 and 26:
Fig. 22. &~lrit~ve Irtndtici~pe yos
Page 27 and 28: egional groundwakr table by the roc
Page 29 and 30: y e~rr~mtrtm~~,irzst ion. Cat~t,inu
Page 31 and 32: inflow^ Outflows OF SWQ SWI Fig. 25
Page 33 and 34: Fig, 23.6,Soasonally flmded red map
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 27. Water levels in six mode I
Page 37 and 38: The duration of soil saturation has
Page 39 and 40: Organic soils are always very poorl
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. The Plant Community The
Page 43 and 44: .dar02f 'B Xi? s%u?mma -?sway+xqq p
Page 47 and 48: Community S tructare Red maple swam
Page 49 and 50: suggesta a strong correlation betwe
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.2. Stmtuml chumcteristics o
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.3. Continued. "- -- - Speci
Page 55 and 56: Table __ 3.3. _ Continued ._.lll.__
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3. Continued. . * - __.. ^.
Page 59 and 60: Zone I II III TV C" Drppnmriad* sp.
Page 61 and 62: on Long Island, pin oak, swamp whit
Page 63 and 64: fern moea (?ki.c&inz &limfulum), an
Page 65 and 66: countered (Table 3.3). The herb lay
Page 67 and 68: ~akareous Seepage Swamps England si
Page 69 and 70: and globeflower are. listed in four
Page 71 and 72: was the most likely reason for diff
Page 73 and 74: kvei fluctuation during the gmwing
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. .Rektit.e ~bmchnce w Q)
Page 77: difficuit to delineate in many inst
Page 81 and 82: Origin. an$ Relationship to Water R
Page 83 and 84: Influence on Swamp Vegetation Flori
Page 85 and 86: taka wpra-x li)wcir, t raac* df~rla
Page 87 and 88: dwuL 4.3 6.3. C ~ ~ ~ strisk- P C I
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5. Ecosystem Processes Irr
Page 91 and 92: - 0 2 E E 0l *" C 8 g 00 - c_ m 3 -
Page 93 and 94: Ehnzdoltf (IWj wm mmht~nt, rru@w on
Page 95 and 96: 1976; I">irwia RE& vari iier Vdk 18
Page 97 and 98: Xletritus Exprort and 'sod Chain Su
Page 99: Chapter 6. Wetland Dynamics Most no
Page 102 and 103: since forested wetland is the endpo
Page 104 and 105: kettle bogs, lakes, or large rivers
Page 106 and 107: mmdwakr depression wetlands. Becaus
Page 108 and 109: (Mniotila varia), regularly breed i
Page 110 and 111: EXusbtand arid Eddleman (1Y30) quan
Page 112 and 113: census results. Twenty-five (40%) o
Page 114 and 115: elated to avian richness and abunda
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 7.6. Wood duck (Aix sponsa). T
Page 118 and 119: Table 7.5. Small-mammal communities
Page 120 and 121: ing the latter years of flowage occ
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8. Values, Impacts, and Man
Page 124 and 125: of the bordering upland. Both studi
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 8.1. ST folia) in pel fer. .bu
Page 128 and 129:
Table 8.1. Emrnpks ofgmss loss rate
Page 130 and 131:
Fig. 8.3. Southern New England red
Page 132 and 133:
Fig. 8.4. Electric utility lines pa
Page 134 and 135:
e expected to cause more drastic fl
Page 136 and 137:
and enhancement has been a highly c
Page 138 and 139:
y capturing sediment, reducing nutr
Page 140 and 141:
M.R.S.A., Sect. 480.A). Research by
Page 142 and 143:
Broadfoot, W. M., and H. L. Willist
Page 144 and 145:
Fefer, S. I. 1980. me palushe syste
Page 146 and 147:
Jordan, R J. 1978. Glacial geology
Page 148 and 149:
Xew Hampshire Xatural Areas Program
Page 150 and 151:
Ren MAPLE SWAMR 137 Smith, H. 1984.
Page 152 and 153:
Appendix A. Sources of Floristic Da
Page 154 and 155:
Appendix B. Plants of Special Conce
Page 156 and 157:
Appendix B. Continued Species d Car
Page 158 and 159:
Appendix C. Vertebrates That Have B
Page 160 and 161:
Mourning warbler ... Nashville warb
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix D. Vertebrates of Special
Page 164 and 165:
~tnte"and ronsewat ion stat ilu' d
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