Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

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High soil base saturation Fig. 210. Major areas of the glaciated Northeast with high soil base saturation. These areas are depicted on the Geneml Soil Map of the Glaciated Northeastern United States (Smith 1984) as Alfisols or as Inceptisols with Eutrochrepts as the dominant soil map component. Soils with high base saturation occur in other parts of the region as well, but are too limited in area t~ map at this scale.
Chapter 3. The Plant Community The two most fundamental aspects of the plarlt C~xnnlurrity in red maple swamps are community ~LrucLure md floristic composition. Community sk;ructurc refers (x, the composition of the plant cornnxunity in terms of vegetation height, density, percent cover, and similar characteristics, and *,he relative development of various life-form layers. Structure is of special importance beeatme of lts relation to certain wetland functions and valaxea, such as wildlife habitat, flood flow ralteratioxr, and forcst biomass production. The floristic corrxposition of a swamp, like its structure, xrmy ba a valuable indicator of the prevailirag water rugi~rrl;, nutrient ~t~t,us, microclimate, or land-use hletory. Changcs in either species conlposition or structure over t,irne may reflect signifiearrt changos in these or other enviranrrxcfrxtal conditions, B:scriyi,ioris of thc plant cornmwnity of northtaptst,arrx red tnaplo swm1q)s oomcb pritnarily from surveys of ~lakurrtl iwcsgs and preserves (C2oodwin f 9/13; Nle~rixxg 1953; Nitx-ing rzr~d Goodwin 1962, 151CiC.i; E:glcar and Nirtring 1'367, 1971; Kcrshner 1915; Profow and Imb 1984), st~t(~widt> wetla~xd survey8 (Metzirr 1982; Tiner 1985, 1989b; MetzXer and Tini~r 291)2), research on green-tim- ber impoundments (Reed 1968; Golet 1969; Malecki et al. 1983), and studies of individual and often unusual swamps (Wright 1941; Baldwin 1961; Eaton 1969; Fosberg and Blunt 1970; Vogelmann 1976). The most detailed floristic information has been gathered in plant community surveysconducted asabasisforwetlandclassification or for purely descriptive purposes (Nichols 1915, 1916; Conard 1935; Spurr 1956; Damman and Kershner 1977; Greller 1977; Messier 1980;Huenneke 1982). The majority of these surveys were carried out in Connecticut or on Long Island, New York. Only a few studies (Cain and Penfound 1938; Vosburgh 1979; Laundre 1980; Braiewa 1983; Lowry 1984; Swift et al. 1984) have been designed specifically to examine some aspect of red maple swamp ecology Quantitative studies have been limited primarily to southern New England (Anderson et al. 1980; Messier 1980; Braiewa 1983; Lowry 1984) and New York (Stewart and Merrell 1937; Goodwin 1942; Huenneke 1982; Malecki et al. 1983; Paratley and Fahey 1986). Figures 3.1-3.5 illustrate some of the more cornnron members of the red maple swamp plant community.
Page 2 and 3: Technical IIbpg~rt Series U.S. Fish
Page 5 and 6: Preface In many areas of the glacia
Page 7 and 8: Acer rubrum (red maple) diagnostic
Page 9 and 10: Zone 111 . St . Lawrence Valley and
Page 11 and 12: Fig . 3.7. Red maple swap with unde
Page 13 and 14: Table 4.5. Flood tolerance of trees
Page 15 and 16: Chapter I. Introduction Wetland kbr
Page 17 and 18: Regional Setting throughout the gla
Page 19 and 20: C-J Spruce-Fa Beech-Birch-Maple Mit
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 1.4. The range of red maple (a
Page 23 and 24: ~ b 1.5, h fircort~ of Wet landc Ir
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 22. &~lrit~ve Irtndtici~pe yos
Page 27 and 28: egional groundwakr table by the roc
Page 29 and 30: y e~rr~mtrtm~~,irzst ion. Cat~t,inu
Page 31 and 32: inflow^ Outflows OF SWQ SWI Fig. 25
Page 33 and 34: Fig, 23.6,Soasonally flmded red map
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 27. Water levels in six mode I
Page 37 and 38: The duration of soil saturation has
Page 39: Organic soils are always very poorl
Page 43 and 44: .dar02f 'B Xi? s%u?mma -?sway+xqq p
Page 47 and 48: Community S tructare Red maple swam
Page 49 and 50: suggesta a strong correlation betwe
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.2. Stmtuml chumcteristics o
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.3. Continued. "- -- - Speci
Page 55 and 56: Table __ 3.3. _ Continued ._.lll.__
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3. Continued. . * - __.. ^.
Page 59 and 60: Zone I II III TV C" Drppnmriad* sp.
Page 61 and 62: on Long Island, pin oak, swamp whit
Page 63 and 64: fern moea (?ki.c&inz &limfulum), an
Page 65 and 66: countered (Table 3.3). The herb lay
Page 67 and 68: ~akareous Seepage Swamps England si
Page 69 and 70: and globeflower are. listed in four
Page 71 and 72: was the most likely reason for diff
Page 73 and 74: kvei fluctuation during the gmwing
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. .Rektit.e ~bmchnce w Q)
Page 77 and 78: difficuit to delineate in many inst
Page 79 and 80: in the librature btlx>~ithe moi~ttl
Page 81 and 82: Origin. an$ Relationship to Water R
Page 83 and 84: Influence on Swamp Vegetation Flori
Page 85 and 86: taka wpra-x li)wcir, t raac* df~rla
Page 87 and 88: dwuL 4.3 6.3. C ~ ~ ~ strisk- P C I
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5. Ecosystem Processes Irr
Page 91 and 92:
- 0 2 E E 0l *" C 8 g 00 - c_ m 3 -
Page 93 and 94:
Ehnzdoltf (IWj wm mmht~nt, rru@w on
Page 95 and 96:
1976; I">irwia RE& vari iier Vdk 18
Page 97 and 98:
Xletritus Exprort and 'sod Chain Su
Page 99:
Chapter 6. Wetland Dynamics Most no
Page 102 and 103:
since forested wetland is the endpo
Page 104 and 105:
kettle bogs, lakes, or large rivers
Page 106 and 107:
mmdwakr depression wetlands. Becaus
Page 108 and 109:
(Mniotila varia), regularly breed i
Page 110 and 111:
EXusbtand arid Eddleman (1Y30) quan
Page 112 and 113:
census results. Twenty-five (40%) o
Page 114 and 115:
elated to avian richness and abunda
Page 116 and 117:
Fig. 7.6. Wood duck (Aix sponsa). T
Page 118 and 119:
Table 7.5. Small-mammal communities
Page 120 and 121:
ing the latter years of flowage occ
Page 122 and 123:
Chapter 8. Values, Impacts, and Man
Page 124 and 125:
of the bordering upland. Both studi
Page 126 and 127:
Fig. 8.1. ST folia) in pel fer. .bu
Page 128 and 129:
Table 8.1. Emrnpks ofgmss loss rate
Page 130 and 131:
Fig. 8.3. Southern New England red
Page 132 and 133:
Fig. 8.4. Electric utility lines pa
Page 134 and 135:
e expected to cause more drastic fl
Page 136 and 137:
and enhancement has been a highly c
Page 138 and 139:
y capturing sediment, reducing nutr
Page 140 and 141:
M.R.S.A., Sect. 480.A). Research by
Page 142 and 143:
Broadfoot, W. M., and H. L. Willist
Page 144 and 145:
Fefer, S. I. 1980. me palushe syste
Page 146 and 147:
Jordan, R J. 1978. Glacial geology
Page 148 and 149:
Xew Hampshire Xatural Areas Program
Page 150 and 151:
Ren MAPLE SWAMR 137 Smith, H. 1984.
Page 152 and 153:
Appendix A. Sources of Floristic Da
Page 154 and 155:
Appendix B. Plants of Special Conce
Page 156 and 157:
Appendix B. Continued Species d Car
Page 158 and 159:
Appendix C. Vertebrates That Have B
Page 160 and 161:
Mourning warbler ... Nashville warb
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix D. Vertebrates of Special
Page 164 and 165:
~tnte"and ronsewat ion stat ilu' d
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