Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

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EXusbtand arid Eddleman (1Y30) quantified herpebfaur~al use of upland forests inmediately surrounding four red maple swmlps in &ode Eslmd. As &Grad and Rudis (1990) found in New Elampshire, wood frogs, Anlerican toads, and redback salmanders were the most nunlerous species captured; they constituted about 810h of the total captures (Table 7.2). The highest monthly captures occurred in July wid August and consisted primarily of juvenile American toads and green frogs (Rana clnmitans) leaving the forested swamps. While data are scarce, the above studies demonstrate that red maple swamps comt.itut;e significant habitat for amphibinns in widely differing forest regions of the glaciated Northeast,. The specific uses (e.g., breeding and feeding) that the various species of anlphibians and reptiles make of these swamps and the relative importance of different swampmicrohnbitufs to individual species need additional study. Birds Species Cornpsi t ion Of all the vertebrate classes inhabiting northeasknl red maple swamps, birds are the best documented. Avian species conlposition and density have been determined through standard Breeding Bird Censuses conducted in New Jersey (Black and Seeley 1953; Seeley 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1%; Meyers et a1. 1981; Taylor 1984) and western New York (Slack et al. 1975). Anderson and Maxfield (1962) listed birds that were mistnetted during the breeding season in a mixed red maple-Atlantic white cedar swamp in Massachusetts. Two more recent studies have focused specifically on factors determining the composition and structure of the breeding bird comunitiss of red maple swamps in Massachusetts (Swift 1980; Swift et al. 1984) and Rhode Island (Memow 1990). Table 7.3 lish the bird spies breeding in northeastern red maple swanlps, according to published Table 7.3. Helutiue abundance of breeding birds in red rncrple swamps of theglaciated Northeast. Values are the percentages of all individuals censused in each study. Species N.Y. X.J. N.J. N.J. Mass. Mass. R.I. Mean v-ry Common yellowthroat Ovenbird Black-capped chickadee Wood thrush Gray catbird American robin Blue jay American redstart Canada warbler Red-eyed vireo Northern waterthrush Rufous-sided towhee Black-and-white warbler Blue-winged warbler Tufted titmouse Northern oriole Great crested flycatcher House wren Downy woodpecker Scarlet tanager Northern cardinal Eastern wood-pewee Gomon grackle Rose-breasted grosbeak White-eyed vireo
_ -- - - ---- Studya " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Species ~ . y NJ, NJ. N.J. Mass. Mass. R.1. Mean - I_I___ - - - -- -- - - ---- - Hooded warbler 5.3 0.8 Northern flicker 0.8 3.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 Brown creeper 4.0 1.0 0.7 Yellow-throated warbler 4.2 0.6 Swamp sparrow 4.0 0.6 White-breasted nuthatch 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.5 Indigo bunting 3.8 0.5 Bmwn-headed cowbird 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.4 Hairy woodpecker 1.1 1.1
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Technical IIbpg~rt Series U.S. Fish
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Preface In many areas of the glacia
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Acer rubrum (red maple) diagnostic
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Zone 111 . St . Lawrence Valley and
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Fig . 3.7. Red maple swap with unde
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Table 4.5. Flood tolerance of trees
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Chapter I. Introduction Wetland kbr
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Regional Setting throughout the gla
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C-J Spruce-Fa Beech-Birch-Maple Mit
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Fig. 1.4. The range of red maple (a
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~ b 1.5, h fircort~ of Wet landc Ir
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Fig. 22. &~lrit~ve Irtndtici~pe yos
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egional groundwakr table by the roc
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y e~rr~mtrtm~~,irzst ion. Cat~t,inu
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inflow^ Outflows OF SWQ SWI Fig. 25
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Fig, 23.6,Soasonally flmded red map
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Fig. 27. Water levels in six mode I
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The duration of soil saturation has
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Organic soils are always very poorl
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Chapter 3. The Plant Community The
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.dar02f 'B Xi? s%u?mma -?sway+xqq p
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Community S tructare Red maple swam
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suggesta a strong correlation betwe
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Table 3.2. Stmtuml chumcteristics o
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Table 3.3. Continued. "- -- - Speci
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Table __ 3.3. _ Continued ._.lll.__
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Table 3.3. Continued. . * - __.. ^.
Page 59 and 60: Zone I II III TV C" Drppnmriad* sp.
Page 61 and 62: on Long Island, pin oak, swamp whit
Page 63 and 64: fern moea (?ki.c&inz &limfulum), an
Page 65 and 66: countered (Table 3.3). The herb lay
Page 67 and 68: ~akareous Seepage Swamps England si
Page 69 and 70: and globeflower are. listed in four
Page 71 and 72: was the most likely reason for diff
Page 73 and 74: kvei fluctuation during the gmwing
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. .Rektit.e ~bmchnce w Q)
Page 77 and 78: difficuit to delineate in many inst
Page 79 and 80: in the librature btlx>~ithe moi~ttl
Page 81 and 82: Origin. an$ Relationship to Water R
Page 83 and 84: Influence on Swamp Vegetation Flori
Page 85 and 86: taka wpra-x li)wcir, t raac* df~rla
Page 87 and 88: dwuL 4.3 6.3. C ~ ~ ~ strisk- P C I
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5. Ecosystem Processes Irr
Page 91 and 92: - 0 2 E E 0l *" C 8 g 00 - c_ m 3 -
Page 93 and 94: Ehnzdoltf (IWj wm mmht~nt, rru@w on
Page 95 and 96: 1976; I">irwia RE& vari iier Vdk 18
Page 97 and 98: Xletritus Exprort and 'sod Chain Su
Page 99: Chapter 6. Wetland Dynamics Most no
Page 102 and 103: since forested wetland is the endpo
Page 104 and 105: kettle bogs, lakes, or large rivers
Page 106 and 107: mmdwakr depression wetlands. Becaus
Page 108 and 109: (Mniotila varia), regularly breed i
Page 112 and 113: census results. Twenty-five (40%) o
Page 114 and 115: elated to avian richness and abunda
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 7.6. Wood duck (Aix sponsa). T
Page 118 and 119: Table 7.5. Small-mammal communities
Page 120 and 121: ing the latter years of flowage occ
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 8. Values, Impacts, and Man
Page 124 and 125: of the bordering upland. Both studi
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 8.1. ST folia) in pel fer. .bu
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1. Emrnpks ofgmss loss rate
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 8.3. Southern New England red
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 8.4. Electric utility lines pa
Page 134 and 135: e expected to cause more drastic fl
Page 136 and 137: and enhancement has been a highly c
Page 138 and 139: y capturing sediment, reducing nutr
Page 140 and 141: M.R.S.A., Sect. 480.A). Research by
Page 142 and 143: Broadfoot, W. M., and H. L. Willist
Page 144 and 145: Fefer, S. I. 1980. me palushe syste
Page 146 and 147: Jordan, R J. 1978. Glacial geology
Page 148 and 149: Xew Hampshire Xatural Areas Program
Page 150 and 151: Ren MAPLE SWAMR 137 Smith, H. 1984.
Page 152 and 153: Appendix A. Sources of Floristic Da
Page 154 and 155: Appendix B. Plants of Special Conce
Page 156 and 157: Appendix B. Continued Species d Car
Page 158 and 159: Appendix C. Vertebrates That Have B
Page 160 and 161:
Mourning warbler ... Nashville warb
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Appendix D. Vertebrates of Special
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~tnte"and ronsewat ion stat ilu' d
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Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A ...

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