EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES IN THE DIET OF ...

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES
IN THE DIET OF THE PRAWN PENAEUS INDlCUS
S. AHAMAD ALI
ABSTRACT
The dlelary chammnmcs ol wvsn dinsrsnl camhydralea--pluc~lie, hucmlle. galastoaa mlllaae.
lucmse Lvmgen. and ~mrth-wra svalualw br the Drawn Panmur mdh%e, mmyh IarmulaUan
a1 m 4.8 r me MI k' 7s p m r mrrr .n: nr asa ra. 3~ j.mar 'szols ;as.mss
1x9~ IW PICOOL" .U O*W ma? w g w 'warn h me >a' ?a, rp la., :amn.orre
Sm em mm c?-cr ~s: ':R *as -m~ r ma - a- ale% is. nc -c-o-la-cs8 3-
me omr hpm ma aes vlm manoose and .larch pmducsd ~an+mnny IP ; 001) superior o m
&-earn ~h auwd OI mms IM *rm iilhid~s was are BY., sicspt 01 I~OW tea WII~
plywn d~ mcn war only 29 B'# Amw m mjxa camhydnle wmneuona avluatd ms
~b ranp 3,- mam-narc- lhre , > I ma rss ~ls m' am *la ~qn%aw.lr s.ps?e,
D IC' 10~~m~ramnmo~rC.~ss*uth~rnm*~cn~qn7g1meryl~1m
m ?I DCM WRI >e ;:P am hrmu oacwlsa, maw rm ncrerus n -*.me e.s
up m loK 2.r *h;h my hrrmsr mmw lawid ma &dormnnes ol m dCI.
&sides be~ns an lmwrtant source ol energy comwnenls In the diet. cabhydrates
piai a slgntficant role In g~~ccgen-storage chltln synthests and the
formahon of sterolds and fatty suds In prawns Antough the dlgesnon and the
presence of digesbve enzymes of carbohydrates are demonstrated In prawns
(Kwlman, 1964; Dall, 1964: Tyag and Prakash. 1967: Karunakaran and Dhage.
19771, the capaaty to use diierenl carbohydrates seems to vary from m e s Vi
wacms. In mme psnae~d prawns R has been demonstrated thal disaccharides
and polysad~andes are more enluently utlllred than monosaccharides However,
dlnerenaa eostsd In these fmndlnp In th~s study seven hflerent cabhydrates
were W e d and evduated ~ndiv~duallv and alm in wmblnanons for understand-
1% meir dietary charactWcs for the indian wh~e prawn Penaeus fndicus so as
to b8 aMe to recommend S U M carbohydrates for lhe prawn. The efim of cel-

lulose In dlet on the growth and FCR 01 the prawn was also ~nvest~gated In me
study
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Glucose fruclose galactose (monosacohandes). maltose, sucrose (daacchendes),
and glycogen and starch (polysacchar~des) were selected for evaluation
~n me dlet of P rndrcvs Elght punfled dtee were formulated, each mmaln-
~ng one of the $elected cartohydratee at 30% level The lngredlent compose
tlon of mese dlets. which are designated CE,. CE,. CE,. CE,. CE5. CE, CE,
and CE, (havlng no cak~hydrate], IS glven In Tab@ 1 In the SecDnd expenment,
seven diets (CE, to CE,,) were lormulaled wmprtslng seven comblnatlons
of carbohydrates-glucoreglycogen. glucose-starch, glucose-maltose, gluwsesucrose.
glucose-5ucrose-starch, glucose-maltose-starch. and sucrose-mltosestarch--wBh
the objective of sludytng the eftem of mlxed carbohydra*? In dlet on
growth, FCR and survival of prawn The detals of cornposltion of these dlets are
Ing,.dl."fS
T* 1 Isndlefi mmposnlon ol M d m C 4 IC CE.
met
C 4 CE, CE, CE, C 4 Cd C4 CE,
Albumen iwl 700 400 400 100 100 400 400 100
Cod-lMr oil 60 6.0 60 50 60 60 60 60
01- 30.0 - - - - - -
Fna0.e 3 0 0 - - - - -
GlllUrme M O - - - -
smmM 300 - - -
Manow u.0 - starch - - - - - - 300 -
G~Yw" - - - - - - - 300
Cholamml 05 05 05 05 05 0.5 0.5 0.5
Glumml~d HCI 08 08 05 08 08 08 0.8 0.8
VlUmin mix' 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
Mlnanl mr" 56 8.5 66 86 86 56 8.6 8.6
OWWBp WaMODBp Wne.WOMg wmnrIdd(clbumun]OWg para
amlwm~.odOOIp ~ l l m h ~ ~ o 0 -owp 1 2 g rnumnwc&c&
OaYp WnOWMYg 9urmumOW860 1m02p mmUcm0001g ~ o w r m
n m n

glven In Table 2. In another expenment, e~ght more dlen were formulated havlnp
0, 1, 3, 5, 8. 10, 15, and 20% of cellulose replacing an squlvalent amount 01
carbahydrale in order to evaluate me mfe of cellulose as roughage (flbre) In d~et.
The comwsinon of these diets ICE,, to CE,) 1s ulven in Table 3
The diets were oreoared - bv . mlilna - 1nd;edlents " that were ~nd~v~duallv wwmrea
1 r eqeccnca pr~nae~ arm s.evr tnmugn 250 ,m sere Hater &as aooeo
30 m for 100 c an, 38' tc the oer m mre ana nomogen zec tnro a oo.gr .
was steamed for 10 mm and pelletized uslng a laboratory model hand pelletlzer
havlna 3 mm diameter d~e The Dellets were drled In an electrical oven at 60°C
lor 12 nr Tne cn, ps en *ere genur cures to ootan oe 81s 2 :o 3 ? i ~ onp
Dsrs were 'ea to ear f )."en les of P mdgc~s Mtr ar aterage nfna engt- an0
dry welght of ebout 30 mm and 0 04 g respenlvely In a 30day Ieedlng experlment
In whlch e~aht anlrnais were held In 10 I caDacltv clrcular tanks In tnDllcate
The pra*ns ~ers ofterea *apnea q~a,tly 2C0. 01 &, reg01 01 teec w ce a
aay n me morn ig anc even na Faecss *ere co lmea sareCI, #In a ppe'le
*as'ea gel!, ntr o sn ec *ater ano 0: ea at 60-C lor d aesno ny si.o.es 7%
water used In these feedlng expenments had a sallnily of 16 5110x0. d~ssolved
oxvaen 4 0 mlfl IemDerature 28 0 i 0 5°C and oH 8 0 1 0 2 Carbhvdrale In
oten ana 'aeces was ceterm nea of swflropnotcmernc metiw .s.nG artnroie
reagent Cn-ov .m oxae *as aia ysed c, tqe netnoc c' McG rn s an0 Gas'.
np '961 bVn e ne proten uas es:lmatea 3, Keoai retrcc aia oc cy
chlomform.methanoi (2 1) extraction, dlgestlble energy was computed uslng the
eneroy sqUIvalen15 of nutnenls At the end of the feedtng expenment the prawns
TPMe 2 Inpredhnt mmwmn 01 me dl- C4 m CE .
iwem
Dm,
CE. C& CE,, CE,, CE, CE,, CE,

...vimrni mimm am mnarar mwre are me ram as mom UM in diem C6 m CE, pame 11
were dned in an oven 8160°C and the grow In dry welght was calculated using
the following reiatlon
Fna a.eraQe a? N: - fnma a.erape 09 w
G,outr
. loo
Insa a,erage an, vt
The dgertibllity of carbohydrate was determined uslng the follow~np formula
- W CrlO, In diet % carbohydrate In faeces
DlgeStlb,lltY =
carbohydra,e % CrZO3 ~n faeces % carbohydrate ~n diet
ThB FCR was caicu!atated as follows:
FCR = Aver- w of food mnsurned m dry vt
Averape Qsn In live wt.
Tle 08m obwlUYI n me Mmnp experiments were wqmed to analysis ot
variance lo w np Sneoemr afm Cocnran (1973, The means were cornparea o)
cakulaunp me least signiftcant diierenca.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The repub of walwbon of I~WW carbohydrates are d e w In FQ. 1 Amow
the difbrml mW7@%m tested, he abb havinp gluccse, fru*ooe, gaWme
waose, and plycqen showed pwr growth whjdi was lMver than G-m growth
mcd%i by G-m diet haw% ra carbohydrate. On G-m &r hard, tlm W mn-

--,.-..
Fa 1 WMn~amiuraUPmdaut.d*rmdttlc6mCEi CE,~ocam4Wau
CE pnmu CE, mxD8. CE, www CE. vrrov CE, rmhOY1 CE, mm C4 ow$en
Dnlnq manw and starch showed slgndranny (p < 0 01) supenor prm. The
awaent diaeaWiIii of an me mydrates was abcve 8890 (Fig. 2) ard there
was m 51abs5al differems €monc lkem lhe mwmacchandea shcved dish&
mrer FCR man ~- UM . dl. - end . mkandes iFm 21 whrlr *are mndraml;
~ - .- . - -~ - -,
,p < 001 wvamr Wh.le FCR of me dm hawnp sxmw was apmy ,n)%
w, a?e FCRs oi bm *nm rrmcs. m, arm gg-n were mm ncwwa
It10 WWaI of Wamu lsd gWwm &was poor 129.9"19"1), while t was Bm-

DIETS
In caw of dl the omer dem. The mula ham demonsnated mat the pawn
P. 1- utilizes dim* and polysacdandes better than momsaxhs
ri&s and emphasued that mtohydrate In pnvn diet IF wassary and benelUd

-
FQ 3 . E n M L n o l d X l m t ~ d ~ k d . s C 4 b C E , . ~ ~ P . ~
1.1 Omnn h W 4 C FCR. C4 -. CC Ourourtron. CE,. (Lmruxm.
CE,, R, CE,, -, CE,, -, CE,, -

Z 200
$ 50
L
0
12 0 IS 0 20 0
OIETARY CELLULOSE W
F@ r lm- d E.U- M h &I m 1.1 m m hy wk$? (bl FCR .nd Ic) wnh..i ol
rndpkxrcur

shown that cellulose either was a nutnenl or a~ded In bener utillzatlon of other nu
lrients The role of dletaq cellulose was lnvetbgated In other speues of prawns
(Venkatarama~ah 81 a1 1975 Forster and Gabban 1971 Far el a1 1980) and
Ihe resuns found were slmllar to those obse~ed m P Indws In the present study
The lad that the prowh of prawns 16 largely unaffmed by the addttlon of wlluiose
tn the dlet up to a level 01 10% suggests that t 15 pamy asslmllatad Indlcabng
l~mtted cellulose actlvlty Though the presence of mls enzyme is demonslrated
!n Candean orawns Palaemon senatus iForster and Gabtun 19711 and Macm
o-ac*.~rn msermrg Far era. 19801 em mlry n wna8.a prams s not known
Ce .OSB we r me ae, 38)ono lCCo s n3r wnefca Tne sdrufra. cl prawns
no*eier nproseo wlr ncleaSe n .r,.
ose em 0' se ofe' wylno lo0. It nay
be concluded that d~etary cellulose 1s requlrad for efflcaent food converscon and
bener surv!val It 16 recommended that sufficient roughage (cellulose) should be
present ~n pradlcal feeds for prawns wth a maximum Ilmlt of 10%
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author a gratehl lo Dr. P Vadavyasa Rao. Prinupd Sc~entlst. Central Ma
rlne Flsherles Research Institute. Cochin, iar h!s valuable pubdance for this work
Thanks are due to Dr E G Silas. former Dlrmr. and Dr P.S.8 R James. present
Dlrector of CMFRI. Cochtn, for thelr encouragement.
REFERENCES
M I Renmv, S H Kanueva A and T.sn8ma S (19791
am lev- ol au hsp.wnws& qlmen and w
EfMolMeOryurbohydrrle.ongmrmi
m q!- on warn Bull JP & Sa
Nlh MI121 1491-1491
wlvs v n sm PWUU F P (jsn camonmt. ~ummnta ol &WYY m- (FME~US)
luvenlua 40mmrs 81 211-217
Anan*# J W Wk LV m WUt G J 119721 TM inn- ol d l w pmn Md ensmy kv&
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~.n w IIW! SM~~S m ma phwdopy r! *amp M ~ ap (ciuama M kc+& P%
~eldsel IV CBmOhydmIe met*x*lm Ausf J Mar F R M m Ru 18 1&MMi
Dnhimsru 0 and Yom Y 11976! Ella ol urmnyhm wm on au orrmh ma (sed moq
olpm Bull Jm Sos Sd fish W10) 1161-1iW
Fdr PH kmr AR UlUllvn MR MSZL LV itBB(l! EO.Ootd!dqmamqm*m
lurmlimnand &i~~~~.didwny.Im.pn*n i~~m&rn- ~ms WMM~M
Sos 11 366-381
Fwler J R M .nd Gsbmh PA I19711 The ~4mU.m 01 nYmlm horn mmpwmd by
r n e m ~ m ~ ~ r n M r r d P m U I ~ h s mUK J H51 lw4e.1
r ~ ~