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Zahid Shahab Ahmed, University of New England (Australia) and Stuti Bhatnagar, Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi, India) Gulf. 1 Remittances coming from Pakistani workers in the Gulf States are a significant contribution to the home economy. In times of economic recession, struggling Pakistani governments have been relying on foreign exchange through remittances. According to the State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan received a record amount of $5.493 billion as workers’ remittances during the fiscal year 2006- 2007. Saudi Arabia was the outstanding source with $1,024 million with UAE close behind with $866.49 million while Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman accounted for $757.33 million. 2 Governments in both India and Pakistan have also been seriously concerned about the abuse of and discrimination against their citizens in the Gulf countries. In late 2007, Dubai experienced demonstrations from South Asian construction workers demanding better pay and working conditions. This demonstration was the first of its kind and ending up being violent with attacks on police. As a result of this many protesting workers were immediately deported and jailed. Earlier in 2008, a court in Dubai sentenced 45 Indian construction workers to six months imprisonment for their involvement in the demonstrations. Labour unrest is an ongoing phenomenon with inflation hitting most of the Gulf States and this is mainly due to discrimination against workers from South Asia e.g. low wage and worse working conditions. Recently, policymakers in the Gulf countries, specifically in the UAE and Bahrain, have taken some steps to respond to the demands from the migrant workers in their countries. It is essential as there are approximately 13 million foreign workers in the GCC 1 Malik, Talal, “India-Pakistan trade with Gulf hits $36bn”, August 14, 2007: http://www.arabianbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=a rticle&id=497795 2 Tanvir Ahmad Khan, "Gulf-Pakistan Relations: A Political Perspective", in Faryal Leghari (ed.) Gulf-Pakistan Strategic Relations (Dubai, Gulf Research Center, 2008): 23-50 281
Gulf States and the Conflict between India and Pakistan states, making up about 37 percent of the population. 1 For the Gulf countries to play a significant role towards peace, development and stability in South Asia, it is of utmost importance that migrant workers from the region get better and equitable treatment in the Gulf. Indo-Pak Conflict - GCC and OIC The dynamics of the relationship between India and the Arab Gulf States have changed over the years and have gradually entered an era of growing cooperation. The relationship has emerged from its traditional trade oriented focus to an allround politico strategic partnership. India’s growing economic and defence prowess is further attracting GCC investment and collaboration. India as a nation and the South Asian region has now become an economic and political partner. The relationship between India and Pakistan can also be examined in this new light. Along with India, the Arab Gulf states have a strong economic, political and cultural link with Pakistan. Thus, there appears to be a convergence of interests between India and Pakistan in establishing a close partnership with the GCC. In striving for cooperation, it is also possible that the Gulf States act as a buffer between India and Pakistan. Perhaps as demonstrated by the Franco-German cooperation which accelerated the process of European integration, a similar phenomenon could be seen in the South Asian region. Economic cooperation between the Arab Gulf and India and Pakistan could aid in regional cooperation and a move towards resolving the conflict between India and Pakistan. In an environment of global economic interdependence, both India and Pakistan stand to gain from stronger relations with the Gulf. The GCC countries have in the past expressed concern over the hostility between India and Pakistan and have urged the 1 Hardy, Rogers. “Migrants demand labour rights in Gulf”, BBC News (London), February 27, 2008: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7266610.stm 282
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Zahid Shahab Ahmed, University of New England (Australia) and Stuti<br />
Bhatnagar, Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi, India)<br />
Gulf. 1 Remittances coming from Pakistani workers in the<br />
Gulf States are a significant contribution to the home<br />
economy. In times of economic recession, struggling<br />
Pakistani governments have been relying on foreign<br />
exchange through remittances. According to the State Bank<br />
of Pakistan, Pakistan received a record amount of $5.493<br />
billion as workers’ remittances during the fiscal year 2006-<br />
2007. Saudi Arabia was the outstanding source with $1,024<br />
million with UAE close behind with $866.49 million while<br />
Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman accounted for $757.33<br />
million. 2<br />
Governments in both India and Pakistan have also been<br />
seriously concerned about the abuse of and discrimination<br />
against their citizens in the Gulf countries. In late 2007,<br />
Dubai experienced demonstrations from South Asian<br />
construction workers demanding better pay and working<br />
conditions. This demonstration was the first of its kind and<br />
ending up being violent with attacks on police. As a result of<br />
this many protesting workers were immediately deported and<br />
jailed. Earlier in 2008, a court in Dubai sentenced 45 Indian<br />
construction workers to six months imprisonment for their<br />
involvement in the demonstrations.<br />
Labour unrest is an ongoing phenomenon with inflation<br />
hitting most of the Gulf States and this is mainly due to<br />
discrimination against workers from South Asia e.g. low<br />
wage and worse working conditions. Recently, policymakers<br />
in the Gulf countries, specifically in the UAE and Bahrain,<br />
have taken some steps to respond to the demands from the<br />
migrant workers in their countries. It is essential as there<br />
are approximately 13 million foreign workers in the GCC<br />
1 Malik, Talal, “India-Pakistan trade with Gulf hits $36bn”, August 14,<br />
2007:<br />
http://www.arabianbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=a<br />
rticle&id=497795<br />
2 Tanvir Ahmad Khan, "Gulf-Pakistan Relations: A Political Perspective",<br />
in Faryal Leghari (ed.) Gulf-Pakistan Strategic Relations (Dubai, Gulf<br />
Research Center, 2008): 23-50<br />
281
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