Advanced Energy Efficiency, Lecture 2: Industry - Rocky Mountain ...

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Simple heat management ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ ◊ Embalm or bury dead servers—no necrophilia; storage too Virtualization—APC estimates 4× savings Put hottest, most heat-tolerant, and least mission-critical units at the top of mixed racks (failure rates are ~3× higher at the top—guess why!) Enable all power-management features (on/off, clock, voltage) to save ~20%+; insist vendors do so by default; if temporarily disabled, restore promptly Use science-based DB/RH specs, based on what real eqt likes Broaden RH ranges, calibrate RH sensors—no fighting CRACs Install ASDs on chilled-water CRACs; turn off unneeded units Demand-control ventilation by CO 2 levels Use/maintain OSA economizers (81% N CA saving) Just proper airflow mgt. can save ~75% of cooling energy
AC vs. DC power supplies—so far, determined by cultures, not data ◊ Swiss data centers in 2001 used about half the kWh for telco switching on a DC bus as for comparable internet apps on an AC bus ◊ LBNL (06) measured 19%, plausibly 28%, savings from DC supply architecture ◊ Japanese data centers are mostly designed and built by a telco firm, NTT-F, whose experience with its 48-VDC bus in >10 4 installations shows order-of-magnitude higher uptime and far lower losses than AC Most US designers would use hundreds of V to shrink bus ◊ PS: Why not a “distributed UPS” w/local LVDC batteries, like a bunch of laptops?
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MAP/Ming Visiting Professorship, En
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First Industrial Revolution: People
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The resource cycle: a massflow pers
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Lots of luscious low-hanging fruit:
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Typical areas for big industrial sa
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Information is cheap, powerful, but
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Benefits of monitoring with good gr
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It’s not mainly about the hardwar
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2. Basic hydraulic innovations www.
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Designing for breakthrough industri
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Examples from RMI’s industrial pr
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High efficiency doesn’t always ra
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New design mentality: expanding ret
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New design mentality • Redesignin
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No new technologies, just two desig
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This case is archetypical ◊ Most
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Why focus on pumping examples? ◊
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So how do we do this magic? “Like
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First seek to eliminate part or all
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Next, let’s minimize the piping s
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High-efficiency pumping / piping re
Page 44 and 45: Minimizing piping friction ◊ Surf
Page 46 and 47: Choice of valves ◊ Wide-open full
Page 48 and 49: Next, let’s optimize the pump The
Page 50 and 51: Optimize for the operating conditio
Page 52 and 53: Chiller system efficiency (not just
Page 54 and 55: Most induction-motor retrofits…
Page 56 and 57: = An oil major’s 1/99 min. (EP, w
Page 58 and 59: Prompt retrofits of induction motor
Page 60 and 61: Premium-efficiency motors aren’t
Page 62 and 63: Premium-efficiency motors also...
Page 64 and 65: Capture system synergies ◊ For ex
Page 66 and 67: Motor procurement, installation, ma
Page 68 and 69: Putting it all together: the patter
Page 70 and 71: Eating the Atlantic lobster ◊ Big
Page 72 and 73: Case-study of a huge LNG plant The
Page 74 and 75: The tasty morsels ◊ Systematicall
Page 76 and 77: Optimized fin fan schematic V ~ 6 m
Page 78 and 79: Heretical questions ◊ Is the plan
Page 80 and 81: AND A NONPROPRIETARY NEW-INSTALLATI
Page 82 and 83: Capability growth is outpacing effi
Page 84 and 85: Intel’s nominal data-center power
Page 86 and 87: IBM PS-2E ~5×-efficiency desktop P
Page 88 and 89: 1U Wintel Rack Mounted Server, ~200
Page 90 and 91: Wu-chun Feng’s Green Destiny blad
Page 92 and 93: Some ways to cool a data center 1 r
Page 96 and 97: IT-equipment-to-total-kW multiplier
Page 98 and 99: Front claws: heat transfer and remo
Page 100 and 101: The whole lobster: a fantasy ◊ Op
Page 102: What is all this but good simple en
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