Advanced Energy Efficiency, Lecture 2: Industry - Rocky Mountain ...

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Wu-chun Feng’s Green Destiny bladed Beowulf cluster, LANL, 4/04 (http://sss.lanl.gov, feng@lanl.gov; thanks to Chris Hipp, ex-RLX) ◊ 240 RLX passively-cooled blade servers, 0.13µm TransMeta Crusoe CPU, 3.2 kW/5 ft 2 : 8× denser, 5–8× less power than Wintel ◊ 100% up for 24 months in uncooled, dusty 29˚C (85˚F) hallway at 2250 m elevation ◊ Pay ~50–75% more for the bare hardware (at early blade prices) but ~90% less for power, cooling, space, downtime, system administration ◊ ~7–8× better energy efficiency (in an iterative science application) with ~65–75% lower total cost of ownership ◊ 30 GB DRAM/ft 2 , 960 GB HDD/ft 2 , 11.6 Mflops/ft 2 This 2004 supercomputer used the same power as two hairdryers. Can your data center do that? 160 peak Gflops; 240 after upgrade to TL5800 @ 1 GHz; 150→ 276 GB RAM, 4.8→ 38.4 TB storage Cf. LANL Q supercomputer’s cooling towers
Some unexpected lessons ◊ The tortoise can beat the hare: if MTBF is shorter than computation time, Green Destiny beats Q, just as a Camry eventually beats a blazingly fast but unreliable Formula One ◊ Actual MTBF is often set not by hardware but by software bugs and by human error in integration, installation, configuration, operation, repair, upgrade, etc. ◊ 10 C˚ cooler operation typically doubles equipment life; at 1.6 V, Pentium III-M (500 MHz) vs. Transmeta TM5600 (600 MHz) means 122˚C vs. 64˚C, implying ~60× longer hardware MTBF
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MAP/Ming Visiting Professorship, En
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First Industrial Revolution: People
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The resource cycle: a massflow pers
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Lots of luscious low-hanging fruit:
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Typical areas for big industrial sa
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Information is cheap, powerful, but
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Benefits of monitoring with good gr
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It’s not mainly about the hardwar
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2. Basic hydraulic innovations www.
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Designing for breakthrough industri
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Examples from RMI’s industrial pr
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High efficiency doesn’t always ra
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New design mentality: expanding ret
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New design mentality • Redesignin
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No new technologies, just two desig
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This case is archetypical ◊ Most
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Why focus on pumping examples? ◊
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So how do we do this magic? “Like
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First seek to eliminate part or all
Page 40 and 41: Next, let’s minimize the piping s
Page 42 and 43: High-efficiency pumping / piping re
Page 44 and 45: Minimizing piping friction ◊ Surf
Page 46 and 47: Choice of valves ◊ Wide-open full
Page 48 and 49: Next, let’s optimize the pump The
Page 50 and 51: Optimize for the operating conditio
Page 52 and 53: Chiller system efficiency (not just
Page 54 and 55: Most induction-motor retrofits…
Page 56 and 57: = An oil major’s 1/99 min. (EP, w
Page 58 and 59: Prompt retrofits of induction motor
Page 60 and 61: Premium-efficiency motors aren’t
Page 62 and 63: Premium-efficiency motors also...
Page 64 and 65: Capture system synergies ◊ For ex
Page 66 and 67: Motor procurement, installation, ma
Page 68 and 69: Putting it all together: the patter
Page 70 and 71: Eating the Atlantic lobster ◊ Big
Page 72 and 73: Case-study of a huge LNG plant The
Page 74 and 75: The tasty morsels ◊ Systematicall
Page 76 and 77: Optimized fin fan schematic V ~ 6 m
Page 78 and 79: Heretical questions ◊ Is the plan
Page 80 and 81: AND A NONPROPRIETARY NEW-INSTALLATI
Page 82 and 83: Capability growth is outpacing effi
Page 84 and 85: Intel’s nominal data-center power
Page 86 and 87: IBM PS-2E ~5×-efficiency desktop P
Page 88 and 89: 1U Wintel Rack Mounted Server, ~200
Page 92 and 93: Some ways to cool a data center 1 r
Page 94 and 95: Simple heat management ◊ ◊ ◊
Page 96 and 97: IT-equipment-to-total-kW multiplier
Page 98 and 99: Front claws: heat transfer and remo
Page 100 and 101: The whole lobster: a fantasy ◊ Op
Page 102: What is all this but good simple en
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