Advanced Energy Efficiency, Lecture 2: Industry - Rocky Mountain ...

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Case-study of a huge LNG plant The tail: power generation ◊ Just the fuel-gas value (at a very low price) of saving 1 W e , present-valued over 20 years, is $1.34 ◊ Small electricity savings would let us run 4 wellloaded turbines with true n+2 redundancy; given greater savings, just 3 turbines would suffice… Dispatch to minimize part-load penalties Load management; e.g., make LN 2 at night ◊ “Virtual trailshafting” could optimize each gas turbine’s loading so it runs far more efficiently ◊ Sonic-pulse filter cleaning, not a compressed-air puff ◊ Water-spray “turbocharge”; indirect evaporative? ◊ Better: combined-cycle, η~0.55–0.60 (perhaps ~0.48 at ≥40˚C?, i.e. ~2×) ◊ Study windpower better; fuel cells; photovoltaics?
Front claws: thermal integration ~24 PJ/y (770 MW), 496 MW @ 519–537˚C, 274 MW @ 420–461˚C; lost fuel-gas present value = $0.3b ◊ Use waste heat to make useful heat, coolth, desalinated water, and ?electricity (bottoming cycles) Eliminate furnaces and electric process heat Cascade to successively lower temperatures If we don’t fully desalinate, sell brine to nearby salt works ◊ Minimize fin-fans: ~700 units now use 15 MW, worth ~$21M present value worth of electricity Micron-misting of inlet air; motors, belts, ASDs, aerodynamic design Keep them properly clean ◊ Quick fixes for hot-water system—can also boost turbine η via lower backpressure
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MAP/Ming Visiting Professorship, En
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First Industrial Revolution: People
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The resource cycle: a massflow pers
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Lots of luscious low-hanging fruit:
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Typical areas for big industrial sa
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Information is cheap, powerful, but
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Benefits of monitoring with good gr
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It’s not mainly about the hardwar
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2. Basic hydraulic innovations www.
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Designing for breakthrough industri
Page 22 and 23: Examples from RMI’s industrial pr
Page 24 and 25: High efficiency doesn’t always ra
Page 26 and 27: New design mentality: expanding ret
Page 28 and 29: New design mentality • Redesignin
Page 30 and 31: No new technologies, just two desig
Page 32 and 33: This case is archetypical ◊ Most
Page 34 and 35: Why focus on pumping examples? ◊
Page 36 and 37: So how do we do this magic? “Like
Page 38 and 39: First seek to eliminate part or all
Page 40 and 41: Next, let’s minimize the piping s
Page 42 and 43: High-efficiency pumping / piping re
Page 44 and 45: Minimizing piping friction ◊ Surf
Page 46 and 47: Choice of valves ◊ Wide-open full
Page 48 and 49: Next, let’s optimize the pump The
Page 50 and 51: Optimize for the operating conditio
Page 52 and 53: Chiller system efficiency (not just
Page 54 and 55: Most induction-motor retrofits…
Page 56 and 57: = An oil major’s 1/99 min. (EP, w
Page 58 and 59: Prompt retrofits of induction motor
Page 60 and 61: Premium-efficiency motors aren’t
Page 62 and 63: Premium-efficiency motors also...
Page 64 and 65: Capture system synergies ◊ For ex
Page 66 and 67: Motor procurement, installation, ma
Page 68 and 69: Putting it all together: the patter
Page 70 and 71: Eating the Atlantic lobster ◊ Big
Page 74 and 75: The tasty morsels ◊ Systematicall
Page 76 and 77: Optimized fin fan schematic V ~ 6 m
Page 78 and 79: Heretical questions ◊ Is the plan
Page 80 and 81: AND A NONPROPRIETARY NEW-INSTALLATI
Page 82 and 83: Capability growth is outpacing effi
Page 84 and 85: Intel’s nominal data-center power
Page 86 and 87: IBM PS-2E ~5×-efficiency desktop P
Page 88 and 89: 1U Wintel Rack Mounted Server, ~200
Page 90 and 91: Wu-chun Feng’s Green Destiny blad
Page 92 and 93: Some ways to cool a data center 1 r
Page 94 and 95: Simple heat management ◊ ◊ ◊
Page 96 and 97: IT-equipment-to-total-kW multiplier
Page 98 and 99: Front claws: heat transfer and remo
Page 100 and 101: The whole lobster: a fantasy ◊ Op
Page 102: What is all this but good simple en
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