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CP violation is also relevant for cosmology: it is one of the three conditions of Sakharov necessary for a dynamical explanation of the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (together with baryon number violation and deviation from thermal equilibrium). The amount of CP violation provided by the SM is, however, too tiny to explain the baryon asymmetry observed in the universe: there must be at least one additional source of CP violation beyond the SM, yet to be discovered by laboratory experiments. CP violating phenomena beyond the SM that could be detected by ongoing and planned laboratory experiments include: deviations from the SM description of the quark mixings, to be probed mainly by the LHCb experiment at CERN; neutrino oscillations, because future long baseline experiments could detect the CP violating PMNS-phase; fermion Electric Dipole Moments. The origin of CP violation is poorly understood and is intimately linked to various open problems in particle physics: the violation of flavour, the number of fermion generations, the nature of the Higgs field and its role in the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry. In general, theories beyond the SM possess many sources of CP violation. This is for instance the case in supersymmetric models. We plan to: • Study and characterise new sources of CP violation associated to: observable deviations from the CKM-description of the quark mixings; non-unitary neutrino oscillations; observable fermion EDMs. • From the model building point of view, we plan to analyse in particular: models with TeVscale neutrinos, like the one we have put forward (See the Natural Fourth Family subsection), which can be probed at LHC; models with minimal flavour violation and/or models with flavour symmetries. • Explore mechanisms to solve the CP and flavour problems of low-energy theories beyond the SM. In this respect we will consider various frameworks beyond the SM: extended Higgs sectors or alternative electroweak symmetry breaking models, grand unification, supersymmetry, extra-dimensions, etc. • Investigate mechanisms for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and to consider related astroparticle issues. For instance, we plan to explore the leptogenesis scenario. These investigations will involve many cosmological aspects which we will address: phase transitions, inflation, dark matter, dark energy, etc. CP³-Black book 15
Strong Interactions The main objective of this project is to study the phase diagram of strongly interacting theories, using a variety of analytical and numerical methods. Our phase diagram together with the summary of the various theories very recently investigated via first lattice simulations is shown in Figure 1. Even very novel extensions of the SM, recently proposed by H. Georgi at Harvard, termed “unparticle” physics can make use of the knowledge of the phase diagram we are proposing to uncover. Non-SUSY Phase Diagram γ =1 γ =2 Fund Ladder Adjoint - SU(2) Minimal Walking Technicolor Conformal Chiral Symmetry Breaks Non QCD 3 SD Sannino Tuominen Ryttov Sannino 2A Catterall, Sannino 07 Catterall, Gidet, Sannino, Schneible 08 Del Debbio, Patella, Pica 08 Del Debbio et al.. 09 Hietanen, Rummukainen, Tuominen 09 Catterall, Giedt, Sannino Schneible 09 Bursa, Del Debbio, Keegan, Pica, Pickup 2 Υ=1 Dual Sannino 2S Adj 1 Υ=2 Ryttov Sannino All Orders Beta Function Ryttov and F.S. 07 Figure 1: Left panel: Our prediction for the phase diagram for SU(N) gauge theories with Nf fermions in various representations. The shaded areas correspond to scale invariant theories. The different colors indicate different representations of the underlying fermions. The dashed line correspond to the lower boundary obtained within the ladder approximation corresponding to the anomalous dimension of the fermion mass operator, i.e. gamma around one. The lower solid line for any window corresponds to the new bound found by us – corresponding to gamma equal two. Right panel: Blow up of the range of number of flavors for Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation corresponding to the Minimal Walking Technicolor (MWT) theory. The theoretical predictions using duality (Sannino 09), ladder approximation (Sannino-Tuominen 04) and all-orders beta function (Ryttov-Sannino 07) are reported together with the lattice simulations. The red diamond corresponds to simulations indicating that the MWT is conformal while the yellow triangles indicate that the theory is not like QCD and might be either conformal or near conformal (walking). Gauge Dualities We uncovered novel solutions of the 't Hooft anomaly matching conditions for QCD and other strongly interacting theories. Interestingly in the perturbative regime the new gauge theories, if interpreted as a possible duals, predict the critical number of flavors above which the original theory, in the nonperturbative regime, develops an infrared stable fixed point. Remarkably this value is identical to the maximum bound predicted in the nonpertubative regime via the allorders conjectured beta function for nonsupersymmetric gauge theories. [QCD Dual. Francesco Sannino, (Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins). CP3-ORIGINS-2009-6. Published in Phys.Rev.D80:065011,2009. e-Print: arXiv:0907.1364 [hep-th] Higher Representations Duals. Francesco Sannino, (Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins) . CP3-ORIGINS- 2009-13. Published in Nucl.Phys.B830:179-194,2010. e-Print: arXiv:0909.4584 [hep-th]] CP³-Black book 16
Page 1 and 2: Black book Uncovering the origins
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents The Revolutions t
Page 6 and 7: The Revolutions to Come Mankind’s
Page 8 and 9: Unification of the Forces: Why do w
Page 10 and 11: Advisory Board To insure the maximu
Page 12 and 13: • Lisa Carloni (Lund University)
Page 14 and 15: Professor Paul Hoyer from Helsinki
Page 16 and 17: Roadmap The centre is designed to c
Page 18 and 19: [iTIMP: isotriplet Technicolor Inte
Page 22 and 23: Holographic Conformal Window We pro
Page 24 and 25: Milestones Scientific The roadmap c
Page 26 and 27: • Be able to acquire the required
Page 28 and 29: CP 3 -Origins Poster Collection PhD
Page 30 and 31: C P 3 - O r i g i n s Origins of Da
Page 32 and 33: Origin of Mass 2010 Understanding w
Page 34 and 35: Personnel Overview 01.09-31.12.2009
Page 36 and 37: Appendix Appendix A: External Relat
Page 38 and 39: Appendix B: Conferences Please outl
Page 40 and 41: Appendix C: Educational activities
Page 42 and 43: Appendix E: External funding Please
Page 44 and 45: Appendix I: Publications The follow
Page 46 and 47: Peer-reviewed proceedings Num ber Y
Page 48 and 49: Research Staff From left to right:

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