III. Sanctions on individuals

I. Introduction
• The delegation of the athletes’ anti-doping duties does not excuse the athletes from
their responsibility. It would indeed be to the severe detriment of the fight against
doping if athletes were in a position to assign their obligations to third persons and
consequently to avoid any liability for the presence of a prohibited substance in their
sample (CAS OG 04/003 Torri Edwards v. IAAF, CAS 2006/A/1032 Sesil
Karatancheva v. ITF, CAS 2012/A/2763 IAAF v. AFI & Akkunji Ashwini, Priyanka
Panwar, Tiana Mary Thomas & Sini Jose)
• All the anti-doping rule violations concerning athletes are provided under:
‣ Article 2.2 - use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or method
‣ Article 2.3 – refusing or failing without compelling justification to submit to sample
collection, or evading sample collection
‣ Article 2.4 – violation of applicable requirements regarding athlete availability for outof-competition
testing, including failure to file required whereabouts information and
missed tests (three within 18 months)