Enlightenment
Enlightenment
Enlightenment
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<strong>Enlightenment</strong> Philosophers<br />
Thinker Main Ideas Type of Government<br />
Hobbes •Wrote the Leviathan (1651)<br />
•convinced that all humans were naturally selfish and wicked<br />
•Social Contract<br />
Absolute Monarchy<br />
Locke<br />
Voltaire<br />
Montesquieu<br />
Rousseau<br />
Beccaria<br />
•Humans are reasonable and could learn from mistakes<br />
•All people are born free and equal-life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness<br />
•Government comes from consent of people<br />
•Thought to be the most brilliant of the philosophes<br />
•Believed in freedom of speech-used literature as his weapon<br />
•Separation of powers (checks and balances)<br />
•United States used his ideas as basis for government<br />
•Believed that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness<br />
•Believed that man was born free but governments hinder peoples<br />
freedom<br />
•Laws exist to preserve order not to avenge crimes<br />
•Ideas became basis of US Bill of Rights-outlawed torture, speedy<br />
trials, etc.<br />
Self-Government<br />
(Democracy)<br />
Democracy<br />
Democracy<br />
Direct Democracy<br />
Democracy<br />
(Greatest good for the<br />
greatest number of<br />
people)<br />
Wollstonecraft •Argued for women’s rights Democracy (Equal<br />
Rights)
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