Nozzle classification system in Japan based on the relative spray ...

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parameters of the nozzles are different from the European nozzles. In this study, one series of the drift reduction nozzles under different nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ations were tested <strong>in</strong> the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel <strong>in</strong> order to estimate the drift reduction performance <strong>based</strong> on one reference spray. Additionally, the <strong>in</strong>fluences of the nozzle size, pressure and height on the DPRP values were also <strong>in</strong>vestigated. 2. Materials and methods 2.1 W<strong>in</strong>d tunnel parameters and measur<strong>in</strong>g protocol The w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel experiment was carried out <strong>in</strong> the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN), Saitama city, <strong>Japan</strong>. The dimensions of the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel were illustrated <strong>in</strong> Fig. 1. To obta<strong>in</strong> the vertical deposits of each nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ation under different nozzle heights at the same time, the nozzle was <strong>in</strong>stalled at 1.2m above the floor and 6 polyethylene l<strong>in</strong>es (V 1 ~V 6 ) were placed horizontally across the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel 2m downw<strong>in</strong>d with the heights from 0.7m to 1.2m at an <strong>in</strong>terval of 0.1m, respectively. A tracer (Solium fluoresce<strong>in</strong>, 200ppm) and a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20, 0.1%) were used <strong>in</strong> this study. After spray<strong>in</strong>g, the collector l<strong>in</strong>es were washed <strong>in</strong> 100ml de-ionized water and the liquid was taken to measure the tracer concentration value. The volume of the spray liquid deposited on each collector l<strong>in</strong>e was obta<strong>in</strong>ed by calculation. FIGURE 1: The dimensions of the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel and the sketch of drift potential measurement <strong>in</strong> the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel by us<strong>in</strong>g polyethylene l<strong>in</strong>es Table 1 showed the nozzle <strong>in</strong>formation and environmental parameters of the nozzles <strong>in</strong>vestigated <strong>in</strong> this study. The Hypro ISO F 110 03 standard flat fan nozzle with a nozzle pressure of 0.3MPa and a nozzle height of 0.5m was used as the reference spray. The YAMAHO KIRINASHI ES nozzles were recommended to use with a nozzle height between 0.3~0.4m. The spray time of the nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ations was 10s when the flow rate was above 0.8L m<strong>in</strong> -1 and 20s for the other comb<strong>in</strong>ations.
TABLE 1: Overview of the <strong>in</strong>vestigated nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ation and the environment parameters <strong>in</strong> the drift experiment <strong>Nozzle</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation Environment parameters [3] Notation [1] Flow rate [2] , L m<strong>in</strong> -1 Pressure, MPa Air temperature, ℃ Water temperature, ℃ Relative humidity, % HS03-0.30 1.20 0.30 22.4 20.6 57.3 ES05-1.00 0.35 1.00 23.7 21.6 50.7 ES05-1.50 0.43 1.50 27.0 22.8 46.7 ES06-1.00 0.51 1.00 25.4 22.0 53.3 ES06-1.50 0.62 1.50 25.6 22.2 43.7 ES07-1.00 0.68 1.00 27.0 22.8 37.7 ES07-1.50 0.83 1.50 21.8 20.7 78.0 ES08-1.00 0.90 1.00 22.2 20.7 71.7 ES08-1.50 1.10 1.50 26.5 22.0 42.7 ES09-1.00 1.13 1.00 25.8 21.2 45.3 ES09-1.50 1.39 1.50 23.1 31.7 42.5 ES10-1.00 1.41 1.00 24.3 21.0 49.0 ES10-1.50 1.73 1.50 17.5 17.6 66.7 ES11-1.00 1.69 1.00 17.4 17.5 70.3 ES11-1.50 2.07 1.50 22.0 19.3 60.0 [1] HS03, Hypro ISO F 110 03 standard flat fan nozzle; ES, YAMAHO KIRINASHI ES nozzle; [2] The flow rate data were cited from manufacturer data; [3] The values of the environment parameters were obta<strong>in</strong>ed by averag<strong>in</strong>g the value of three repetitions. 2.2 Index calculation and nozzle drift <strong>classification</strong> In this study, the DIXRP value was calculated to estimate the drift reduction performance of the <strong>in</strong>vestigated nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ations (Herbst, 2001). In the calculation process, the nozzle heights were 0.5m for the reference spray while the nozzle heights were 0.4m and 0.3m for the ES series nozzles <strong>based</strong> on the manufacturer recommendation. The details of the calculation equations could be found <strong>in</strong> the above reference. The virtual floors (h=0m) <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dex calculation were assumed to be 0.6m, 0.7m and 0.8m above the floor of the w<strong>in</strong>d tunnel correspond<strong>in</strong>g to the three nozzle heights, respectively. Thus, the nozzle heights which equal the vertical distance between the nozzle and the lowest collector l<strong>in</strong>e were 0.5m, 0.4m and 0.3m. The nozzle drift <strong>classification</strong> for the nozzle-pressure comb<strong>in</strong>ations <strong>in</strong>vestigated was carried out follow<strong>in</strong>g the methods adopted by German Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Braunschweig (BBA) (Herbst, 2001).
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