International journal of Contemporary Business Studies

International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies
Vol: 3, No: 6. June, 2012 ISSN 2156-7506
Available online at http://www.akpinsight.webs.com
desired and actual outcomes of a job. That mean, whatever staff desired from a job and what they get out
of it define the level of their job satisfaction. Unfortunately, there is lack of empirical research in Pakistan
on job satisfaction related to Academic institutes, in term of indicators of the overall job satisfaction. As,
the management of universities is trying their level best to provide a conducive working environment to
faculty and want to enhance level of job satisfaction, so that teachers can give their maximum
performance in term of teaching, administration and research. Job satisfaction is a key domain of study
which not only interest staff but it is also a grey area for most of the employers, where they are trying to
comprehend the different aspects of it. By knowing the relationship of these variables with job
satisfaction higher education institutes management will be able to understand the hidden aspect which
may cause impact on the overall job satisfaction level of faulty members and more important to take
corrective actions to enhance the job satisfaction among faculty members. Though ,much research have
been conducted to explain these concepts related to job satisfaction, i.e. job satisfaction factors and, job
dissatisfaction factors (which will be reviewed on coming pages) but there is a great need for a study in
Pakistan that could explain the indicators of overall job satisfaction.
The key aspiration of this research is to investigate the overall job satisfaction among faculty members of
business institutes and to investigate the type of relationship among the overall job satisfaction with
different biographical variable such as age, tenure, gender and the ranks of the staff. This research will try
to validate the relationship of job satisfaction and above-mentioned variables, that either they have any
impact on job satisfaction or not.
Teachers always talk about job satisfaction but do they really know about what motivates them? What
satisfy or dissatisfy them the most? Is there any relationship among the age, rank, tenure and gender of
faculty and their overall job satisfaction level? The main issue is not to know the job satisfaction level of
staff but the crust of the matter is to find out the why people vary when it come to job satisfaction level,
How to motivate them according to their respective needs as something needed by one group may or may
not be needed by another group of faculty members. This gap in research has become inspiration of this
research effort. We will also try to provide finding and suggestions to management of educational
institutes, so that they can make rational decisions to increase job satisfaction of faculty members.
In contrast with our study aims, we will try to explore the available researches on the given topic through
the review of literature. We will try to gage the level job satisfaction among faculty members in term of
the job, people along with staff works, supervision that they get salary, working environment, and the
chances of promotion. Further, the relationship of overall job satisfaction with age, rank, tenure and
gender will be investigated.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review will take a look at various studies, which focus on the relationship of age, gender, tenure
and rank with job satisfaction.
2.1 Job Satisfaction and its Relationship with Gender
Mason (1995) found Relationship between job satisfaction and gender has been studied by many
researchers. Conversely many studies result is disagreement regarding the relationship of job satisfaction
and sex of employees. Weaver (1974) observed higher number of men with greater satisfaction level than
women.
It is imperative to notice here, that study on this topic show no major difference between the two i.e.
Gender and job satisfaction, keeping in view the statistical controlled factors (Golembiewski, 1977). The
research result suggested by Centres and Bugental (1966) showed other deviations in change of values for
both male and female were there on workplace. Female‟s more desirable value was social factor of a job
than to males‟, on the other hand males demands expression in work.
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