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GLOBAL MARITIME STATISTICS MMiilllliioonn DWTT MMilllliioonn DWTT 500 400 300 200 100 100 75 50 25 0 0 27,144 Ships South East Asia 10,070 Ships Europe 27,051 Ships Nationality Domicile 10,194 Ships Nationality Domicile Australasia 707 Ships 703 Ships Lloyd’s Maritime <strong>Atlas</strong> www.lloydsmiu.com © Lloyds MIU MMiilllliioonn DWTT MMilllliioon DDWTT Miillliioonn DDWWT 4 3 2 1 0 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 14,444 Ships Far East 14,400 Ships Nationality Domicile Indian Subcontinent 1,474 Ships 1,448 Ships Nationality Domicile Nationality Domicile xi
xii EDITORIAL THE SHOREBASED USE OF AIS Whilst only just over two years have passed since the carriage of AIS became mandatory for ships to which Ch V of SOLAS applies, things have moved a long way in the use of AIS ashore. Unfettered by the presentational restrictions that have necessarily been imposed on the display of AIS in ships, the more flexible IALA guidelines for the presentation of AIS data has resulted in more imaginative solutions being offered by equipment providers. A significant number of VTS Centres now have AIS integrated into their traffic image displays. Some centres fuse AIS on a radar display but a growing majority fuse AIS and radar on a traffic image display that is backed by an Electronic Chart System (ECS). So what advantages has AIS brought to shore stations? Whilst a few centres have reported a reduction in VHF communications, the most significant benefit has been a dramatic improvement in the accuracy of tracking and confidence in the identification of tracks. When properly displayed, AIS can also improve the spatial awareness of VTS Operators through the presentation of dynamic data such as heading and rate of turn, and through the accurate presentation of ship dimensions in the close passing situations that are prevalent in the port environment (see example graphics). An AIS base station will generally see further than a co-located radar. This can offer the benefit of advanced warning for planning and pilot allocation. It can also provide the ability Example of AIS alone with radar video inhibited to look into dock systems, under bridges and into channels where there would otherwise be a radar blind spot, but in such circumstances it should be used for vessel monitoring and traffic organisation rather than navigational assistance. To a degree AIS has been a victim of its own success. Its accelerated introduction resulted in the acceptance of the Minimum Keyboard Display (MKD) onboard ship; its tabular presentation is of much reduced benefit to the mariner compared with a graphical display. Although some vessels are fitted with a graphical display, the majority rely on MKD. With its poor interface for data input, errors can be introduced that have the potential to confuse the unwary. Early teething problems were not unexpected but the situation is now much improved. Errors in the static message are now relatively infrequent and the introduction in some VTS Centres of comparisons between data sources to validate AIS identity fields will help reduce this still further. Voyage related messages rely on operator update and are more prone to errors - perhaps due to the MKD, but arguably such errors impact little on navigational safety. Errors in the dynamic message are becoming less and less frequent with the most common being the transmission of an offset heading due to the misalignment of the gyro input signal with the AIS transponder. Whilst anecdotal reports suggest the incidence of erroneous Lloyd’s Maritime <strong>Atlas</strong> www.lloydsmiu.com © Lloyds MIU
Page 2: Kolkata Kolkata
Page 5 and 6: ii GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX This index he
Page 7 and 8: iv GLOBAL MARITIME STATISTICS Lloyd
Page 9 and 10: vi GLOBAL MARITIME STATISTICS Calls
Page 11 and 12: viii GLOBAL MARITIME STATISTICS Mar
Page 13: x GLOBAL MARITIME STATISTICS These
Page 17 and 18: xiv EDITORIAL A SEAMAN’S PERSPECT
Page 19 and 20: xvi PAGE INSIDE FRONT COVER WORLD D
Page 21 and 22: 60°N 40°N 20°N 0° 2 INDEX MAP 5
Page 23 and 24: 4 WEATHER HAZARDS AT SEA 80°N 60°
Page 25 and 26: 60°N 40°N 0° 6 INTERNATIONAL LOA
Page 27 and 28: 60°N 45°N Platte 0° 8 NORTH ATLA
Page 29 and 30: 10 ATLANTIC and INDIAN OCEANS 80°W
Page 31 and 32: 12 PACIFIC OCEAN 60°N 30°S Ob Ind
Page 33 and 34: 14 ARCTIC 40°N 140°W 120°W 100°
Page 35 and 36: 16 UNITED KINGDOM and IRELAND 12°W
Page 37 and 38: 18 ENGLISH CHANNEL Lek Ipswich Hook
Page 39 and 40: 20 NORTHERN EUROPE 64°N 60°N 56°
Page 41 and 42: 22 BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS and GERMANY
Page 43 and 44: 24 SOUTHERN SCANDINAVIA 19°30'E Um
Page 45 and 46: 26 BALTIC SEA 63°N 60°N 57°N Dar
Page 47 and 48: 28 MEDITERRANEAN SEA 45°N 40°N 35
Page 49 and 50: 30 BAY of BISCAY 46°N 44°N 42°N
Page 51 and 52: 0 32 AEGEAN SEA Scale at 39°N in N
Page 53 and 54: 34 AFRICA and the MIDDLE EAST 30°N
Page 55 and 56: 0 36 WEST AFRICA Scale at 5°N in N
Page 57 and 58: 38 SOUTH ASIA 50°N 70°E 80°E 90
Page 59 and 60: 40 INDIA 25°N 65°E 70°E 75°E 80
Page 61 and 62: 42 MALAYSIA, INDONESIA 10°N 5°N 0
Page 63 and 64: 44 PHILIPPINES 18°N 16°N 14°N 12
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45°N 110°E 115°E 120°E 125°E 1
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48 AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS
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50 NORTH AMERICA 60°N 45°N 30°N
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0 52 PACIFIC NORTHWEST Scale at 55
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54 EASTERN UNITED STATES 45°N 40°
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56 GREAT LAKES 90°W Lake 87°W 84
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58 EASTERN SEABOARD 42°N 39°N 36
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60 CARIBBEAN SEA 24°N 21°N 18°N
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62 SOUTH AMERICA 10°N 80°W 70°W
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64 R. PLATE, SOUTHERN BRAZIL 60°W
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0 66 RHINE-MAIN-DANUBE CANAL Scale
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68 PANAMA CANAL 80°W 79°30'W Pana
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70 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX ENGLAND continu
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72 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX REPUBLIC OF IRE
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74 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX ENGLAND continu
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76 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX NORWAY continue
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78 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX SWEDEN continue
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80 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX FINLAND continu
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DENMARK continued Rodbyhavn 54 39 N
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84 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX NETHERLANDS con
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86 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX FRANCE continue
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88 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX ITALY continued
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90 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX GREECE continue
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TURKMENISTAN Bekdash 41 32 N 52 36
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94 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX LIBYA continued
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96 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX NIGERIA continu
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98 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX SOMALIA Kismayu
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100 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX INDIA continue
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102 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX MALAYSIA conti
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104 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX INDONESIA cont
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106 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX VIETNAM contin
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108 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX CHINA continue
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110 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX JAPAN continue
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112 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX SOLOMON ISLAND
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114 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX NEW ZEALAND co
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116 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX RUSSIA continu
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118 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX U.S.A. continu
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120 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX COSTA RICA con
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122 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX URUGUAY contin
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124 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX NETHERLANDS AN
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126 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX BAHAMAS Great
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128 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX U.S.A. continu
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130 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX CANADA continu
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132 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX CANADA continu
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134 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Col. No. Pag
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