Cell Abundance and Diversity of Phytoplankton In Coastal Water of ...
Cell Abundance and Diversity of Phytoplankton In Coastal Water of ...
Cell Abundance and Diversity of Phytoplankton In Coastal Water of ...
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Normawaty Mohammad-Noor, Siti Nor<br />
Rahaida Harun, Asilah Al-Has Abdul Latif,<br />
Najma Tasnim Mohamad <strong>and</strong> Shahbudin<br />
Saad<br />
<strong>In</strong>stitute Oceanography <strong>and</strong> Maritime<br />
Studies, Kulliyyah <strong>of</strong> Science,<strong>In</strong>ternational<br />
Islamic University Malaysia
<strong>In</strong>troduction
looms -millions <strong>of</strong> cells per litre<br />
‣ discolour the water surface<br />
‣ yellow, brown, red, green<br />
Blue green<br />
Din<strong>of</strong>lagellates<br />
Din<strong>of</strong>lagellates
To identify phytoplankton <strong>of</strong> coastal water <strong>of</strong><br />
Tioman Isl<strong>and</strong> based in light <strong>and</strong> electron<br />
microscopy<br />
To determine phytoplankton cell abundance <strong>and</strong><br />
cell diversity
Date: 25-31 August 2012<br />
Sampling stations : 16<br />
Method: plankton net <strong>and</strong><br />
integrated samples
<strong>Phytoplankton</strong><br />
Identified –<br />
light <strong>and</strong> SEM<br />
Counting cell<br />
using sedgwick<br />
rafter cell<br />
• <strong>Cell</strong><br />
abundance<br />
• <strong>Cell</strong> diversity<br />
(program<br />
PAST)
Other parameters such as nutrients (nitrate,<br />
phosphate, silicate), ph, DO, temparature<br />
<strong>and</strong> salinity were determined/recorded at<br />
each station
‣ 121 species <strong>of</strong> phytoplankyton were<br />
identified (Table 1)<br />
‣ Diatoms -105 species<br />
‣ Din<strong>of</strong>lagellates -14 species<br />
‣ Cyanobacteria -2 species<br />
‣ Please refer to poster entitled<br />
‘<strong>Phytoplankton</strong> <strong>of</strong> Tioman Isl<strong>and</strong>’ to see the<br />
photos <strong>of</strong> common phytoplankton.
Species division<br />
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)<br />
Biddulphiales<br />
lphiineae<br />
Biddu<br />
Species name<br />
ChaetocerotaceaeRalfs in Prichard 1861<br />
Bacteriastrum comosum<br />
Bacteriastrum delicatulum<br />
Bacteriastrum hyalinum<br />
Bacteriastrum varians<br />
Chaetoceros aequatorialis<br />
Chaetoceros affinis<br />
Chaetoceros compressum<br />
Chaetoceros constrictum<br />
Chaetoceros curvisetus<br />
Chaetoceros danicus<br />
Chaetoceros decipiens<br />
Chaetoceros distans<br />
Chaetoceros furcellatus<br />
Chaetoceros laciniosum<br />
Chaetoceros laeve<br />
Chaetoceros lauderii<br />
Chaetoceros lorenzianum<br />
Chaetoceros paradoxum<br />
Chaetoceros peruvianus<br />
Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetum<br />
Chaetoceros radians<br />
Chaetoceros similis<br />
Chaetoceros sp.<br />
EupodiscaceaeKutzing 1849<br />
Odontella sinensis<br />
Odontellamobilensis<br />
HemiaulaceaeJouse, Kisselev&Poretsky 1949<br />
Cerataulinabicornis<br />
Cerataulinapelagica<br />
Eucampiacornuta<br />
Eucampiazodiacusf. zodiacus<br />
Hemialushauckii<br />
Hemialusindicus<br />
Hemialusmembranaceus<br />
Hemialus sinensis<br />
Pseudoguinardia recta<br />
LithodesmiaceaePeragallo 1897-1908 emend. Simonsen 1979<br />
Ditylumbrightwellii
Coscinodiscineae Asterolampraceae H.L. Smith 1872 emend. Gombos 1980<br />
CoscinodiscaceaeKutzing 1844<br />
Asteromphaluscleveanus<br />
Coscinodiscusconcinnus<br />
Coscinodiscusexcentricus<br />
Coscinodiscusgigas<br />
Coscinodiscuslineatus<br />
Coscinodiscus sp.<br />
Coscinodiscussubtilis<br />
LeptocylindraceaeLebour 1930<br />
Corethroncriophilum<br />
Leptocylindrusdanicus<br />
Leptocylindrusminimus<br />
ThalassiosiraceaeLebour 1930 emend. Hasle 1973<br />
Lauderiaannulata<br />
Skeletonemamenzellii<br />
Skeletonemacostatum<br />
Rhizosoleniineae Rhizosoleniaceae De Toni 1863<br />
Dactyliosolenantarticus<br />
Dactyliosolenfragilissimus<br />
Dactyliosolenphuketensis<br />
Guinardiacylindrus<br />
Guinardiadelicatula<br />
Guinardiaflaccida<br />
Guinardiastriata<br />
Pseudosoleniacalcar-avis<br />
Probosciaalata<br />
Probosciatruncata<br />
Rhizosoleniaarafurensis<br />
Rhizosoleniabergonii<br />
Rhizosoleniacrassa<br />
Rhizosoleniacurvata<br />
Rhizosoleniadebyana<br />
Rhizosoleniaformosa<br />
Rhizosoleniahebetataf. semispina<br />
Rhizosolenia hebetate f. hebetata<br />
Rhizosoleniahyaline<br />
Rhizosoleniaimbricata<br />
Rhizosoleniasetigera<br />
Rhizosoleniastolterforthii<br />
Rhizosoleniastriata<br />
Rhizosoleniastyliformis
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)<br />
Bacillariales<br />
Bacillariineae Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg 1831<br />
Bacillariaparadoxa<br />
Nitzschiaclosterium<br />
Nitzschialongissima<br />
Pseudo-nitzschiasp<br />
NaviculaceaeKutzing 1844<br />
Diploneisdidyma<br />
Diploneissmithii<br />
Ephemera planamembranacea<br />
Hasleatrompii<br />
Hasleawawrikae<br />
Membraneis challengeri<br />
Meunieramembranacea<br />
Naviculaelongatulum<br />
Naviculadistans<br />
Naviculaglacialis<br />
Naviculapelagi<br />
Naviculatransitransf. delicatula<br />
Pinnulariaacuminata<br />
Pinnulariabogotensis<br />
Pleurosigmaelongatum<br />
Pleurosigmanaviculaceum<br />
Pleurosigmanormanii<br />
Pleurosigmasalinarum<br />
Fragilariineae Thalassionemataceae F.E. Round in Round et al., 1990<br />
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)<br />
Cymbellales<br />
Din<strong>of</strong>lagellates (Dinophyta)<br />
Dinophysiales<br />
Gomphonemataceaen<br />
Dinophysiaceae<br />
Liolomaelongatum<br />
Liolomapacificum<br />
Thalassionemabacillare<br />
Thalassionemajavanicum<br />
Thalassionemanitzschioides<br />
Gomphonemaparvulum<br />
Dinophysis caudata<br />
Gonyaulacales Ceratiaceae Lindemann 1928<br />
Goniodomataceae<br />
Ceratium declinatum<br />
Ceratium furca<br />
Ceratium fusus<br />
Ceratium trichoceros<br />
Ceratium tripos
Alex<strong>and</strong>rium sp.<br />
Schuetiella mitra<br />
Noctilucales Noctilucaceae Kent 1881<br />
Noctiluca scintillans<br />
Peridiniales<br />
Oxyphysaceae<br />
Oxytoxum sp.<br />
Protoperidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor 1987<br />
Protoperidiniumpellucidum<br />
Protoperidiniumsp.<br />
Prorocentrales Prorocentraceae Stein 1883<br />
Prorocentrum sigmoides<br />
Prorocentrum sp.<br />
Cyanobacteria<br />
Nostocales Nostocaceae<br />
Anabaena sp.<br />
Phormidiaceae<br />
Trichodesmiumsp.<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 121 species <strong>of</strong> phytoplankton have been identified<br />
Salleh et al. (2005) have reported 106 species <strong>of</strong> phytoplankton from<br />
29 genera <strong>and</strong> in coastal area <strong>of</strong> Bachok, Kelantan
1. Alex<strong>and</strong>rium sp<br />
2. P. sigmoides<br />
3.Dinophysis caudata<br />
3.Ceratium furca<br />
4.C. fusus<br />
5.C. tripos<br />
6. Noctiluca scintillans<br />
7. Chaetoceros spp<br />
8.Skeletonema costatum<br />
Ceratium furca<br />
<strong>In</strong> Peninsular Malaysia HAB has been reported to cause by a few<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>rium species, Ceratium furca <strong>and</strong> Prorocentrum minimum (Usup<br />
et al. 2002,2003).
Eucampia<br />
Coscinosdiscus<br />
Skeletonema<br />
Chaetoceros<br />
Ceratium
Chaetoceros<br />
Ditylum<br />
Bacteriastrum<br />
Thalassiosira<br />
Odontella<br />
Rhizosolenia
<strong>Cell</strong>s/L<br />
7.8 x 10 3 cells/L<br />
Stations<br />
nitrate<br />
phosphate<br />
Preliminary results showed that phytoplankton cells were positively correlated
H’ ranged between<br />
3.0 to 3.3
Physico-chemical parameters within the<br />
normal range<br />
<br />
DO Salinity Temperature pH<br />
Units mg/l psu ºC<br />
Average 6.92±0.66 33.54±0.12 27.78±0.42 8.34±0.03
121 species – high diversity<br />
Potential HAB species – may have problem<br />
from these species<br />
baseline information for any relevant<br />
agencies in managing l<strong>and</strong> based activities<br />
within the area.<br />
More studies on cell abundance to<br />
underst<strong>and</strong> the distribution <strong>of</strong> phytoplankton
• attach to substrates - macrophyte, corals, sediment, shell<br />
or benthic invertebrates<br />
• produce toxins – harm humans <strong>and</strong> other invertebrates<br />
• 2 genera have been given attention : Ostreopsis <strong>and</strong><br />
Gambierdiscus<br />
GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH<br />
PROJECT:<br />
HABs IN BENTHIC SYSTEMS
Staffs students <strong>of</strong> INOCEM, IIUM for field<br />
assistance<br />
Marine Park Malaysia for financial support<br />
<strong>and</strong> boat rental<br />
Grant EDW B from IIUM<br />
Grant Escience awarded to Dr. Shahbudin<br />
Saad
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