What's Enough? A guide to age-appropriate food portion ... - NDR-UK
What's Enough? A guide to age-appropriate food portion ... - NDR-UK
What's Enough? A guide to age-appropriate food portion ... - NDR-UK
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What’s <strong>Enough</strong>? A <strong>guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>age</strong>-<strong>appropriate</strong> <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong> sizes<br />
Dietitian’s User Guide<br />
Introduction<br />
This resource has been designed <strong>to</strong> educate families on <strong>age</strong>-<strong>appropriate</strong> <strong>portion</strong> sizes as part of a healthy balanced diet and lifestyle. The target<br />
group is children between the <strong>age</strong>s of 2 and 18 years. Due <strong>to</strong> the wide <strong>age</strong>-range it can be used <strong>to</strong> encour<strong>age</strong> a whole family approach <strong>to</strong><br />
adapting <strong>portion</strong> sizes.<br />
This <strong>guide</strong> will provide you with background information on the resource’s development and how <strong>to</strong> use this when prescribing an energy<br />
<strong>appropriate</strong> diet for your patients. The energy level prescribed for a patient will be based on The Scientific Advisory on Nutrition (SACN) 2011<br />
Energy Requirements. As a Dietitian you may want <strong>to</strong> use your clinical judgement <strong>to</strong> adjust the SACN 2011 Energy Requirements where<br />
<strong>appropriate</strong>.<br />
Development of the Resource<br />
This resource was developed in response <strong>to</strong> a need identified by specialist Dietitians for parental information on <strong>age</strong>-<strong>appropriate</strong> <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong><br />
sizes. Dietitians recognised that there are existing healthy eating resources available for families <strong>to</strong> use however there is little <strong>to</strong> inform on<br />
selecting <strong>appropriate</strong> <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong> sizes for children of all <strong>age</strong>s.<br />
A Guide <strong>to</strong> Using the Patient Resources<br />
This resource is designed for use within a one-<strong>to</strong>-one setting and in conjunction with existing resources <strong>to</strong> aid with <strong>appropriate</strong> <strong>food</strong> selection.<br />
Depending on your patients’ needs you may need <strong>to</strong> suggest that they follow the daily intake for a different <strong>age</strong> group from that of their own. This<br />
may not be psychologically acceptable <strong>to</strong> them or their family therefore as an alternative you could alter the number of <strong>portion</strong>s in a <strong>food</strong> group<br />
for example reduce carbohydrate, protein or snack sections accordingly and/or recommend that they participate in more/less physical activity.<br />
The Methodology and Terminology Used <strong>to</strong> Calculate Calories per Portion for Each Age Group:<br />
The underlying principle for calculating the <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong> is based on keeping a similar number of <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong>s per day for each <strong>food</strong> group and<br />
adjusting the size of <strong>portion</strong> depending on the <strong>age</strong> category. The following tables and notes describe this in more detail.<br />
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Table 1: Boys<br />
Age Range:<br />
2-3y boys<br />
Kcal per<br />
day<br />
2-3y boys kcal<br />
per <strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
4-6y<br />
Boys kcal per<br />
day<br />
4-6y<br />
boys kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
7-10y boys<br />
kcal per day<br />
7-10y boys<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
11-14y boys<br />
Kcal per day<br />
11-14y boys kcal<br />
per <strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
15-18y<br />
Boys<br />
kcal per<br />
day<br />
15-18y<br />
boys kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
18-60y<br />
boys kcal<br />
per day<br />
18-60y boys<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
Fruit & vegetable 197 39 (5) 274 55 (5) 315 63 (5) 355 71 (5) 441 88 (5) 400 80 (5)<br />
Bread, rice and<br />
pasta 328 66 (5) 549 91 (6) 630 105 (6) 829 118 (7) 1175 147 (8) 800 133 (6)<br />
Meat, fish and<br />
alternative 131 66 (2) 240 120 (2) 414 138 (3) 466 155 (3) 579 193 (3) 525 175 (3)<br />
Milk and dairy 228 76 (3) 232 77 (3) 266 89 (3) 300 100 (3) 372 124 (3) 338 113 (3)<br />
Fats 92 31 (3) 129 43 (3) 148 49 (3) 167 56 (3) 207 69 (3) 188 63 (3)<br />
Snacks 112 25 (4) 57 25 (2) 43 25 (2) 238 25 (9) 232 25 (9) 250 25 (10)<br />
Total Calories Per<br />
3005<br />
day 1088 1480 1816 2354<br />
2500<br />
Table 2: Girls<br />
Age Range:<br />
2-3y girls<br />
Kcal per<br />
day<br />
2-3y girls kcal<br />
per <strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
4-6y girls kcal<br />
per day<br />
4-6y girls<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
7-10y girls<br />
kcal per day<br />
7-10y girls<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
11-14y girls<br />
Kcal per day<br />
11-14y girls kcal<br />
per <strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
15-18y<br />
girls kcal<br />
per day<br />
15-18y girls<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
18-60y<br />
girls kcal<br />
per day<br />
18-60y girls<br />
kcal per<br />
<strong>portion</strong><br />
(servings per<br />
day)<br />
Fruit & vegetable 186 37 (5) 247 49 (5) 278 56 (5) 295 59 (5) 338 68 (5) 320 64 (5)<br />
Bread, rice and<br />
pasta 311 62 (5) 494 82 (6) 557 93 (6) 882 98 (9) 1017 113 (9) 640 107 (6)<br />
Meat, fish and<br />
alternative 124 62 (2) 216 108 (2) 365 122 (3) 387 129 (3) 443 148 (3) 420 140 (3)<br />
Milk and dairy 216 72 (3) 209 70 (3) 265 78 (3) 249 83 (3) 285 95 (3) 270 90 (3)<br />
Fats 87 29 (3) 116 39 (3) 131 44 (3) 138 46 (3) 158 53 (3) 150 50 (3)<br />
Snacks 79 25 (3) 96 25 (4) 137 25 (6) 225 25 (9) 190 25 (8) 200 25 (8)<br />
Total Calories Per<br />
day 1003 1378 1703 2176 2431 2000<br />
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Notes<br />
Note 1: The <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong>s have been calculated based on energy, as the different <strong>food</strong> groups have a mixture of macronutrients. This allows for<br />
macronutrient variation between the <strong>food</strong> groups for example dairy products will be made up of protein, fat and carbohydrate. This is also how<br />
the pro<strong>portion</strong> of energy from each <strong>food</strong> group is calculated.<br />
Note 2: It is assumed that approximately 16% of energy is from fruit and vegetables, 32% of energy is from carbohydrate based <strong>food</strong>s, 21% of<br />
energy from meat, fish and alternatives, 13.5% of energy from dairy, 7.5% of energy from fat, 10% of energy from ‘snacks’ for the 3-18 year old<br />
<strong>age</strong> group.<br />
Note 3: The only group where there will be a change <strong>to</strong> the percent<strong>age</strong> energy from each <strong>food</strong> group is the 2-3 year <strong>age</strong> group. This group<br />
requires slightly more fat and less protein, therefore it is assumed that approximately 16% of energy is from fruit & vegetables, 32% from<br />
carbohydrate based <strong>food</strong>s, 16% energy from meat, fish and alternatives, 18.5% energy from dairy, 7.5% energy from fat, 10% energy from<br />
‘snacks’.<br />
Note 4: Based on the above assumptions the energy for each <strong>age</strong> group was calculated (Ref; Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN)<br />
2011 Energy Requirements) and the corresponding weight of the <strong>food</strong> group calculated.<br />
Note 5: Pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>to</strong> demonstrate suggested snacks are shown in the resource; 1 snack = 25kcals, 2 snacks = 50kcals, 3 snacks=75kcals<br />
and 4 snacks=100kcals. A ‘snack allowance’ has been calculated for each gender and <strong>age</strong>-group.<br />
Note 6: It is not intended that the resource should be used <strong>to</strong> provide a daily diet-plan using only the 35 <strong>food</strong>s demonstrated, as this is<br />
unrealistic. The Dietitians on the Resource Development Group used the 35 <strong>food</strong>s <strong>to</strong> create a daily meal plan and then analysed these using<br />
Diet Plan software. The results of this analysis showed that the aver<strong>age</strong> percent<strong>age</strong> energy from fat was 25% which is lower than the<br />
recommended level of 35%.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphs of the Food Portions<br />
The pho<strong>to</strong>graphs of the <strong>food</strong> <strong>portion</strong>s have been split in<strong>to</strong> 2 groups; boys and girls and each <strong>portion</strong> pho<strong>to</strong> appears with a text description<br />
underneath stating the weight and the ‘handy’ measure.<br />
The Daily Meal Plan<br />
The Daily Meal Plan can be used with the patient <strong>to</strong> help them understand what a day’s intake of <strong>food</strong> can look like. It has been left blank <strong>to</strong><br />
allow the Dietitian <strong>to</strong> discuss favourite <strong>food</strong>s with the patient and fill out the plan <strong>to</strong>gether.<br />
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