Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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ical of the lowland areas near Mud Bay showing the undulating topography of the soils. the tops of the undulations while Embree and Deas soils occupy the sk and shallowe r depressions . Goudy soils are usual in the deeper depressions . _ _ - - y 76
ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Extent : Errock soils are relatively uncommon and occur mainly in the vicinity of Steelhead . There are 30 ha of pure map units and 80 ha of Errock-Roach soil complex . Topography and Elevation : The topography of Errock soils is level to gently undulating with slopes les s than 5 percent . The soils are usually slightly depressional in relation to adjacent soils and lie at elevations abou t 730 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Errock soils have developed from coarse-textured, gravelly and stony glaciofluvial deposits . Surface textures are usually loamy sand or sandy loam, sometimes gravelly, whil e subsurfaces and subsoils are gravelly sand or sandy gravel . The soils are very to excessively stony an d subsurface layers are strongly cemented to indurated . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Errock soils are imperfectly drained . They are rapidly pervious and have slow surface runoff and low water holding capacity . Downward water movement is slightly impeded by th e subsurface cemented layers and temporary, perched watertables develop above this zone during periods o f heavy, prolonged precipitation . The soils are subject to runoff and seepage from adjacent, higher areas . General Soil Description : Errock soils generally have between 10 and 20 cm of coniferous forest litter o n the mineral soil surface, the lower half of which is well-decomposed . The organic material is underlain by 5 to 1 0 cm of gray, strongly leached, sandy material which, in turn, is underlain by about 15 cm of friable, dark reddis h brown, sandy and gravelly material containing about 10 to 20 percent organic matter . This layer is abruptl y underlain by an extremely firm, very strongly cemented, gravelly and stony zone, about 40 cm thick, whic h varies in colour from yellowish-brown to strong brown and contains common, reddish mottles . Below about 60 cm gradual change to loose, stony gravel or gravelly sand begins . Soil reaction varies from extremely acid in th e upper part to strongly acid in the subsoil . Soil classification is Gleyed Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol . Commonly Associated Soils : Roach soils commonly occur in close association with Errock soils . They are similar to Errock soils except for being well, rather than imperfectly, drained . They tend to occupy slightly highe r topographic landscape positions than do Errock soils . Vegetation : Coast Douglas-fir, western red cedar and western hemlock are the dominant tree cover . Rootin g is mainly restricted to the upper 30 cm by the cemented subsurface layer and coarse, stony textures . General Land Use Comments : (1) Errock soils are generally poorly suited for agricultural use because o f excessive stoniness, low fertility, shallow rooting depth and low water holding capacity. Any arable agricultura l use will require substantial irrigation, stone-clearing and fertilization for satisfactory production . (2) Errock soil s have high bearing strength for urban types of construction although stony, cemented soil conditions make excavations for basements and underground utilities difficult . Septic tank effluent disposal fields shoul d operate efficiently (if installed below the cemented zone), however, potential groundwater contamination i s possible because of poor filtration by the coarse subsoils . Errock soils have potential as aggregate sources . (3 ) Limited plot data indicates Errock soils produce good growth of western hemlock and Douglas-fir, about 9 to 1 2 m3 of wood/ha/yr. The low soil water holding capacities seem to be offset by the restricted drainage . 77
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Soils of the Langley-Vancouver Map
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Province of British Columbi a Minis
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INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
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HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
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INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
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Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
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LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
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Plate i view northward over downtow
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during the growing season (May to S
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Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
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SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
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---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
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CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
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CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
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UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
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Description of the Soils
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n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
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- _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
Page 41 and 42: General Soil Description : Albion s
Page 43 and 44: ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
Page 45 and 46: ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
Page 47 and 48: BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
Page 49 and 50: BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
Page 51 and 52: BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
Page 53 and 54: BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
Page 55 and 56: BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
Page 57 and 58: ' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
Page 59 and 60: BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
Page 61 and 62: Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
Page 63 and 64: CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
Page 65 and 66: CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
Page 67 and 68: CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
Page 69 and 70: CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
Page 71 and 72: Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
Page 73 and 74: COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
Page 75 and 76: COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
Page 77 and 78: subsurface layers to extremely acid
Page 79 and 80: DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
Page 81 and 82: DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
Page 83 and 84: Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
Page 85 and 86: DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
Page 87 and 88: DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
Page 89 and 90: ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
Page 91: EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
Page 95 and 96: FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
Page 97 and 98: FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
Page 99 and 100: GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
Page 101 and 102: GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
Page 103 and 104: GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
Page 105 and 106: GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
Page 107 and 108: GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
Page 109 and 110: HAMMOND SOILS . (HA) Location and E
Page 111 and 112: HARRISON SOILS . (HR) Location and
Page 113 and 114: HAZELWOOD SOILS (HD) Location and E
Page 115 and 116: HERON SOILS (HN ) Location and Exte
Page 117 and 118: HOLLYBURN SOILS (HB) Location and E
Page 119 and 120: HOPEDALE SOILS (HP) Location and Ex
Page 121 and 122: JUDSON SOILS (JN) Location and Exte
Page 123 and 124: KENNEDY SOILS , -n Plate 26 A t ypi
Page 125 and 126: KENWORTHY SOILS (KW) Location and E
Page 127 and 128: KITTER SOILS (K) Location and Exten
Page 129 and 130: (L) Commonly Associated Soils : Del
Page 131 and 132: LANGLEY SOILS (LA) Location and Ext
Page 133 and 134: LEHMAN SOILS . (LH) Location and Ex
Page 135 and 136: LIONS SOILS (LS) Location and Exten
Page 137 and 138: LONZO CREEK SOILS ,(LZ) Location an
Page 139 and 140: (LU ) Pate 30 Lodgepole pine is a c
Page 141 and 142: LYNDEN SOILS (LY) Location and Exte
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L r4 . Li- -_, - Plate 32 Marble Hi
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MATHEWS SOILS (MW) Location and Ext
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=-'~ squi soil profile (Eluviated E
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McELVEE SOILS (ME) Location and Ext
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MILNER SOILS (ML) Location and Exte
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(M) General Land Use Comments : (1)
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General Land Use Comments : (1) Mur
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NEPTUNE SOILS (NP) Location and Ext
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(N) General Land Use Comments : (1)
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NIVEN SOILS (NN) Location and Exten
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PALISADE SOILS (PA) Location and Ex
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equired to ensure soil instability
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PELLY SOILS (Pl ) Location and Exte
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POIGNANT SOILS (PT) Location and Ex
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PREST SOILS (PR) Location and Exten
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ROACH SOILS (RH) Location and Exten
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ROSS SOILS (RS) Location and Extent
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(RD ) Plate 37 Ryder soil profile (
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BARDIS SOILS (SD) Location and Exte
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SCAT SOILS Location and Extent : Sc
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SEABIRD SOILS (SB) Location and Ext
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SECRECY SOILS (SL) Location and Ext
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SHALISH SOILS Location and Extent :
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SIM SOILS (SI) Location and Extent
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STAVE SOILS Location and Extent : S
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STEELHEAD SOILS Location and Extent
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STRACHAN SOILS (SN) Location and Ex
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SU MAS SOILS so_ Location and Exten
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SUMMER SOILS (SR) Location and Exte
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SURREY SOILS (SU ) Location and Ext
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TSAWWASSEN SOILS (TS) Location and
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VEDDER SOILS (VD) Location and Exte
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Plate 39 Vinod soil profile (Rego G
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(VY) Plate 4 1 Vye soil profile (Gl
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General Land Use Comments : (1) Wes
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WHATCOM SOIL S Plate 42 A typical u
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W) Commonly Associated Soils : Scat
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WIDGEON SOILS (WG ) Location and Ex
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MISCELLANEOUS LAND TYPE S Miscellan
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Armstrong, J.
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Luttmerding, H .A. and P.N . Sprout
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oulders : Rock fragments over 60 cm
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eluviation : The transportation of
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lithic layer : Bedrock under the co
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unoff : The portion of the total pr
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Appendices
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APPENDIX C Average Minimum and Maxi
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Soil Name (Map Symbol) Simple Map U
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APPENDIX F SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES *
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APPENDIX I SOIL REACTION CLASSES *
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