Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
BOSE (Continued) . Plate 1 1 Bose soil profile (Duric Hurno-Ferric Podzol). Bose soils have developed from gravelly littoral on glaciofluvial veneers overlying strongly cemented glacial till . In the photo, the contact betwee n the two deposits is at 3 ft. (90 cm). The soil is moist near the contact - due to lateral seepage above the cemented material . moderately acid in the subsoil (1 :1 H 20). Soil classification is Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol in areas where th e subsoil is glacial till where the subsoil is glaciomarine deposits, the classification is Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzo l J Commonly Associated Soils : Capilano, Boosey . Sunshine . Summer, Whatcom and Surrey ., . or . ere closely associated with Bose soils, either in soil comlexes or adjacent map polygons . Capilano and Sunshin e soils differ from Bose soils by respectively consisting of deep gravelly and sandy deposits . Boosey sods diffe r by being poorly drained while Summer soils are sandy . imperfectly drained and cemented in the subsurfac e rather than the subsoil . Surrey soils have developed from compact glacial till and Whatcom soils hav e developed from silty to clayey glaciomarine deposits . Neither have a gravelly capping . Vegetation : Cleared areas are used mostly for forage or urban purposes . Most areas are uncleared an d support second-growth coast Douglas-fir. western red cedar, western hemlock, red alder . vine and biglea f maple and some birch and willow . The understory includes salai . Oregon grape, thimbleberry and bracke n Rooting depths range to about 100 cm, being restricted below that by dense, usually cemented soil layers_ 1 General Land Use Comments : (1) Bose soils are limited for agricultural use by low water holdin g capacity, and . sometimes, adverse topography. Irrigation, adequate fertilization as well as stone-picking improves their suitability for agricultural uses . (2) Soil bearing capacities for houses and similar construction ar e good (varies to moderate where glaciomarine deposits occur in the subsoil), however low subsoil permeabilit y :r :'o often strongly sloping topography limit sewage effluent disposal from septic tanks . (3) Forest production i s moderately good although low soil moisture holding capacities limit growth through dry periods Data from a limited number of plots in- -.aces that growth of coast Dc :. ias-fir is about 7 to 9 m' of wood'h a 42
BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and Extent : Buckerfield soils occur only in Sumas Valley, mainly in the western part . There are about 710 ha of pure map units and 310 ha of soil complexes dominated by Buckerfield soils . The complexes ' are mainly with Vye, Bates and Vedder soils . Topography and Elevation : Topographically, Buckerfield soils vary from slightly depressional to gentl y undulating and occasionally, undulating . Slope gradients are less than 4 percent . Elevations range between 5 and 10 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Buckerfield soils have developed from moderately fine-textured lacustrin e deposits, often underlain by sandy material below 1 to 2 m depth . The deposits are often stratified an d sometimes contain one or more, thin, old, buried surfaces . Surface textures vary from silty clay loam to silt loa m and subsurface textures are silty clay loam or silty clay . In the subsoil below about 75 cm gradation to silt loa m occurs and further change to fine loamy sand or sand is common below 1 m . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Buckerfield soils are poor to moderately poorly drained with the uppe r slopes of the undulations being slightly better drained than the depressions . They are moderately to slowl y pervious with the subsurface clayey layer being most restricting . Water holding capacity is high and surfac e runoff is slow. Watertables rise to near the surface during the winter and surface ponding sometimes occurs . General Soil Description : Buckerfield soils have a silty, cultivated surface that is about 20 cm thick, friabl e and dark grayish brown or very dark gray in colour . The surface is underlain by about 50 cm of very firm, clayey material containing moderate amounts of vertical cracks and many yellowish-red or yellowish-brown mottles . This zone then grades to a massive, dark gray, silty layer about 20 cm thick which, in turn, is underlain by loose , gray, medium or fine sand at depths greater than 100 cm . Reaction varies from moderately acid in the surface t o slightly acid or neutral in the subsoil (1 :1 H 20) . Soil classification is Orthic Humic Gleysol . Commonly Associated Soils : Vye, Bates and Vedder soils usually occur in close association wit h Buckerfield soils, either as part of soil complexes or in adjacent map polygons . Vye and Bates soils differ fro m Buckerfield soils by being imperfectly rather than poorly drained (they occupy slightly higher landscap e positions) . Additionally, Vye soils contain a well defined clay accumulation layer in the subsurface . Vedder soils , although having similar poor drainage as Buckerfield soils, have a lighter coloured surface which contain s lesser amounts of organic matter . Vegetation : Most Buckerfield soil areas are cleared and used for agriculture . A few, small, uncleared area s support mainly deciduous species including black cottonwood, maple and willow . Rooting depths are usually restricted to about 60 cm by high watertables and clayey subsoil layers . General Land Use Comments : (1) Buckerfield soils are presently used mostly for forage production and a variety of field crops . These moderately to highly fertile soils are limited mainly by high watertables during the . winter months and other rainy periods . Artificial drainage to control the high watertables makes these soil s suitable for most crops . (2) Soil bearing capacities are variable (mainly low) requiring special consideratio n during building and other construction . Septic tank disposal fields usually function poorly because of hig h watertables and slow permeability. (3) Buckerfield soils appear to be moderately to well suited for the growth o f black cottonwood . Yearly production of wood is estimated to be about 9 to 12 m 3/ha . 43
- Page 7 and 8: HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
- Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
- Page 11 and 12: Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
- Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
- Page 15 and 16: LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
- Page 17 and 18: LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
- Page 19 and 20: Plate i view northward over downtow
- Page 21 and 22: during the growing season (May to S
- Page 23 and 24: Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
- Page 25 and 26: SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
- Page 27 and 28: ---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
- Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
- Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
- Page 33 and 34: UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
- Page 35 and 36: Description of the Soils
- Page 37 and 38: n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
- Page 39 and 40: - _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
- Page 41 and 42: General Soil Description : Albion s
- Page 43 and 44: ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
- Page 45 and 46: ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
- Page 47 and 48: BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
- Page 49 and 50: BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
- Page 51 and 52: BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
- Page 53 and 54: BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
- Page 55 and 56: BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
- Page 57: ' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
- Page 61 and 62: Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
- Page 63 and 64: CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
- Page 65 and 66: CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
- Page 67 and 68: CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
- Page 69 and 70: CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
- Page 71 and 72: Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
- Page 73 and 74: COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
- Page 75 and 76: COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
- Page 77 and 78: subsurface layers to extremely acid
- Page 79 and 80: DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
- Page 81 and 82: DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
- Page 83 and 84: Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
- Page 85 and 86: DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
- Page 87 and 88: DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
- Page 89 and 90: ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
- Page 91 and 92: EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
- Page 93 and 94: ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Exte
- Page 95 and 96: FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
- Page 97 and 98: FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
- Page 99 and 100: GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
- Page 101 and 102: GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
- Page 103 and 104: GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
- Page 105 and 106: GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
- Page 107 and 108: GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
BOSE (Continued) .<br />
Plate 1 1 Bose soil pr<strong>of</strong>ile (Duric Hurno-Ferric Podzol). Bose soils<br />
have developed from gravelly littoral on glaci<strong>of</strong>luvial veneers overlying<br />
strongly cemented glacial till . In <strong>the</strong> photo, <strong>the</strong> contact betwee n<br />
<strong>the</strong> two deposits is at 3 ft. (90 cm). The soil is moist near <strong>the</strong> contact -<br />
due to lateral seepage above <strong>the</strong> cemented material .<br />
moderately acid in <strong>the</strong> subsoil (1 :1 H 20). Soil classification is Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol in areas where th e<br />
subsoil is glacial till where <strong>the</strong> subsoil is glaciomarine deposits, <strong>the</strong> classification is Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzo l<br />
J<br />
Commonly Associated <strong>Soils</strong> : Capilano, Boosey . Sunshine . Summer, Whatcom <strong>and</strong> Surrey ., . or . ere<br />
closely associated with Bose soils, ei<strong>the</strong>r in soil comlexes or adjacent map polygons . Capilano <strong>and</strong> Sunshin e<br />
soils differ from Bose soils by respectively consisting <strong>of</strong> deep gravelly <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong>y deposits . Boosey sods diffe r<br />
by being poorly drained while Summer soils are s<strong>and</strong>y . imperfectly drained <strong>and</strong> cemented in <strong>the</strong> subsurfac e<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> subsoil . Surrey soils have developed from compact glacial till <strong>and</strong> Whatcom soils hav e<br />
developed from silty to clayey glaciomarine deposits . Nei<strong>the</strong>r have a gravelly capping .<br />
Vegetation :<br />
Cleared areas are used mostly for forage or urban purposes . Most areas are uncleared an d<br />
support second-growth coast Douglas-fir. western red cedar, western hemlock, red alder . vine <strong>and</strong> biglea f<br />
maple <strong>and</strong> some birch <strong>and</strong> willow . The understory includes salai . Oregon grape, thimbleberry <strong>and</strong> bracke n<br />
Rooting depths range to about 100 cm, being restricted below that by dense, usually cemented soil layers_ 1<br />
General L<strong>and</strong> Use Comments : (1) Bose soils are limited for agricultural use by low water holdin g<br />
capacity, <strong>and</strong> . sometimes, adverse topography. Irrigation, adequate fertilization as well as stone-picking<br />
improves <strong>the</strong>ir suitability for agricultural uses . (2) Soil bearing capacities for houses <strong>and</strong> similar construction ar e<br />
good (varies to moderate where glaciomarine deposits occur in <strong>the</strong> subsoil), however low subsoil permeabilit y<br />
:r :'o <strong>of</strong>ten strongly sloping topography limit sewage effluent disposal from septic tanks . (3) Forest production i s<br />
moderately good although low soil moisture holding capacities limit growth through dry periods Data from a<br />
limited number <strong>of</strong> plots in- -.aces that growth <strong>of</strong> coast Dc :. ias-fir is about 7 to 9 m' <strong>of</strong> wood'h a<br />
42
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