Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
BLUNDELL SOILS . (BU ) Location and Extent : Blundell soils occur only in Richmond and Delta Municipalities . There are about 19 0 ha of pure map units and 570 ha of soil complexes dominated by Blundell soils . The complexes are mainly wit h Delta, Westham and Annis soils . Topography and Elevation : Level to very gently undulating with slopes less than 2 percent is the usua l topography of Blundell soils . They are usually slightly depressional in relation to adjacent soils and lie a t elevations less than 3 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Blundell soils have developed from shallow organic deposits (15 to 40 c m thick) overlying medium-textured, stone-free, Fraser River deltaic deposits . Surfaces consist of 15 to 40 cm o f well-decomposed (humic) organic material containing admixed silt . The subsurface texture is silt loam . Thi s grades in the subsoil to medium or fine sand below depths of about 1 m . On some of the small islands in the mouth of the Fraser River the sands may occur at depths between 50 and 100 cm . The deposits become salin e below depths of 75 to 100 cm from the surface and at these depths also usually contain substantial amounts o f compounds high in sulphur . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Blundell soils are poorly to very poorly drained . They are moderatel y pervious and have high water holding capacity and slow surface runoff . The watertable is near the surface fo r most of the year, withdrawing to about 1 m during the latter part of the growing season . Water accumulates on the surface during and after heavy rains . General Soil Description : Blundell soils have an organic, cultivated surface layer about 25 cm thick, which is black to very dark brown, friable and well-decomposed . It is underlain by about 50 cm of massive, grayish - brown, silty material containing occasional vertical cracks and a few reddish-brown to yellowish-red mottles . This grades to about 50 cm of massive, dark gray, silty material which contains hard, reddish and brownish tubules around old root channels, is saline and contains compounds high in sulphur in the lower part . Below about 120 cm depth, dark gray, massive, saline sand occurs . Soil reaction is extremely acid throughout . Soi l classification is Rego Gleysol:saline and peaty phase . Commonly Associated Soils : Delta, Westham and Annis soils usually occur in close association wit h Blundell soils . Delta and Westham soils differ from Blundell soils by having silty rather organic surface textures . Annis soils have surfaces similar to Blundell soils but the subsurface mineral soil is clayey rather than silty . Th e subsoil of Annis soils is also usually non-saline . Vegetation : The Blundell soils are essentially all cleared and cultivated . The few, small, remaining uncleared areas support black cottonwood, willow and a variety of shrubs . Rooting is generally limited to about 50 c m depth by high groundwater tables . General Land Use Comments : (1) Blundell soils are mostly used for forages, field peas and other fiel d crops . With improved drainage, especially winter watertable control, a wider variety of crops, particularl y perennials, is possible . Liming to improve the very acid conditions is also favourable . Salinity in the subsoil i s usually sufficiently deep to have little adverse effect on most crops . (2) Poor bearing capacities and hig h watertables make road and building construction difficult . Excavations such as basements are usually no t possible and septic tank effluent disposal is poor . The saline subsoils high in sulphur compounds are likely t o cause deterioration and corrosion of unprotected buried installations . 38
BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Extent : Bonson soils occupy limited areas near the Alouette and North Alouette Rivers north of Haney, and on the lowlands of Coquitlam Municipality . There are about 140 ha of pure map units and a further 8 0 ha of Bonson- Alouette soil complex . Topography and Elevation : The topography of Bonson soils is gently undulating to undulating with slope s up to 5 percent . The soils usually occupy the crests and upper slopes of the undulating landscape . Elevation s range between 3 and 8 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Bonson soils have developed from medium-textured floodplain deposits , mainly of the Alouette, North Alouette and Coquitlam Rivers . Surface and subsurface textures are silt loam , changing in the subsoil to medium or coarse granitic sand at about 1 m depth . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Bonson soils are imperfectly drained . They are moderately pervious an d have high water holding capacity and moderate to slow surface runoff . The watertables fluctuate, at least in part , with changes in the water levels in adjacent watercourses . Drainage has probably improved since dyking wa s installed along the North Alouette and Alouette Rivers . General Soil Description : Bonson soils have a very dark grayish brown, triable, cultivated, silty surface , about 15 cm thick and containing approximately 15 percent organic matter. The surface is underlain by 15 c m of grayish-brown, friable, vesicular, silty material containing a few, brownish mottles . This, in turn, is underlain b y about 70 cm of friable, light grayish brown, silty material containing common to many, prominent, yellowish-re d and .strong brown mottles, especially in the lower part . At depths of 1 m or more, loose, olive sand i s encountered . Soil reaction is very strongly acid in the upper part and strongly acid in the subsoil . Soi l classification is Gleyed Sombric Brunisol. Commonly Associated Soils : Alouette, Hammond and Sardis soils commonly occur in close association with Bonson soils . Sardis soils differ from Bonson soils by being gravelly sandy in texture while Alouette an d Hammond soils differ by being poorly drained . Additionally, Alouette soils have an organic surface . Vegetation : Most Bonson soil areas are cleared of natural vegetation . The few, remaining, uncleared area s support a mixed forest composed of, among others, western red cedar, black cottonwood, red alder and willo w understoried by a variety of shrubs . Rooting is essentially unrestricted to at least 100 cm depth . General Land Use Comments : (1) Drainage conditions are generally satisfactory for most shallow-rooted annual agricultural crops but improved drainage would benefit the deeper rooted annuals as well as mos t perennials . Liming to improve the strongly acid soil conditions is also beneficial for most crops . (2) Soil bearin g capacities are variable and require consideration in building or road construction . Septic tank effluent disposa l fields are impaired during periods of high watertables . (3) Bonson soils appear well suited for the growth o f black cottonwood . Potential annual wood production for this species is estimated to be about 20 m 3/ha/yr. 39
- Page 3 and 4: Province of British Columbi a Minis
- Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
- Page 7 and 8: HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
- Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
- Page 11 and 12: Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
- Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
- Page 15 and 16: LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
- Page 17 and 18: LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
- Page 19 and 20: Plate i view northward over downtow
- Page 21 and 22: during the growing season (May to S
- Page 23 and 24: Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
- Page 25 and 26: SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
- Page 27 and 28: ---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
- Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
- Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
- Page 33 and 34: UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
- Page 35 and 36: Description of the Soils
- Page 37 and 38: n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
- Page 39 and 40: - _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
- Page 41 and 42: General Soil Description : Albion s
- Page 43 and 44: ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
- Page 45 and 46: ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
- Page 47 and 48: BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
- Page 49 and 50: BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
- Page 51 and 52: BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
- Page 53: BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
- Page 57 and 58: ' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
- Page 59 and 60: BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
- Page 61 and 62: Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
- Page 63 and 64: CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
- Page 65 and 66: CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
- Page 67 and 68: CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
- Page 69 and 70: CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
- Page 71 and 72: Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
- Page 73 and 74: COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
- Page 75 and 76: COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
- Page 77 and 78: subsurface layers to extremely acid
- Page 79 and 80: DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
- Page 81 and 82: DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
- Page 83 and 84: Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
- Page 85 and 86: DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
- Page 87 and 88: DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
- Page 89 and 90: ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
- Page 91 and 92: EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
- Page 93 and 94: ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Exte
- Page 95 and 96: FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
- Page 97 and 98: FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
- Page 99 and 100: GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
- Page 101 and 102: GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
- Page 103 and 104: GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
BONSON SOILS (BN)<br />
Location <strong>and</strong> Extent : Bonson soils occupy limited areas near <strong>the</strong> Alouette <strong>and</strong> North Alouette Rivers north <strong>of</strong><br />
Haney, <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Coquitlam Municipality . There are about 140 ha <strong>of</strong> pure map units <strong>and</strong> a fur<strong>the</strong>r 8 0<br />
ha <strong>of</strong> Bonson- Alouette soil complex .<br />
Topography <strong>and</strong> Elevation : The topography <strong>of</strong> Bonson soils is gently undulating to undulating with slope s<br />
up to 5 percent . The soils usually occupy <strong>the</strong> crests <strong>and</strong> upper slopes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> undulating l<strong>and</strong>scape . Elevation s<br />
range between 3 <strong>and</strong> 8 m above sea level .<br />
Parent Material <strong>and</strong> Texture : Bonson soils have developed from medium-textured floodplain deposits ,<br />
mainly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alouette, North Alouette <strong>and</strong> Coquitlam Rivers . Surface <strong>and</strong> subsurface textures are silt loam ,<br />
changing in <strong>the</strong> subsoil to medium or coarse granitic s<strong>and</strong> at about 1 m depth .<br />
Soil Moisture Characteristics : Bonson soils are imperfectly drained . They are moderately pervious an d<br />
have high water holding capacity <strong>and</strong> moderate to slow surface run<strong>of</strong>f . The watertables fluctuate, at least in part ,<br />
with changes in <strong>the</strong> water levels in adjacent watercourses . Drainage has probably improved since dyking wa s<br />
installed along <strong>the</strong> North Alouette <strong>and</strong> Alouette Rivers .<br />
General Soil Description : Bonson soils have a very dark grayish brown, triable, cultivated, silty surface ,<br />
about 15 cm thick <strong>and</strong> containing approximately 15 percent organic matter. The surface is underlain by 15 c m<br />
<strong>of</strong> grayish-brown, friable, vesicular, silty material containing a few, brownish mottles . This, in turn, is underlain b y<br />
about 70 cm <strong>of</strong> friable, light grayish brown, silty material containing common to many, prominent, yellowish-re d<br />
<strong>and</strong> .strong brown mottles, especially in <strong>the</strong> lower part . At depths <strong>of</strong> 1 m or more, loose, olive s<strong>and</strong> i s<br />
encountered . Soil reaction is very strongly acid in <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>and</strong> strongly acid in <strong>the</strong> subsoil . Soi l<br />
classification is Gleyed Sombric Brunisol.<br />
Commonly Associated <strong>Soils</strong> : Alouette, Hammond <strong>and</strong> Sardis soils commonly occur in close association<br />
with Bonson soils . Sardis soils differ from Bonson soils by being gravelly s<strong>and</strong>y in texture while Alouette an d<br />
Hammond soils differ by being poorly drained . Additionally, Alouette soils have an organic surface .<br />
Vegetation : Most Bonson soil areas are cleared <strong>of</strong> natural vegetation . The few, remaining, uncleared area s<br />
support a mixed forest composed <strong>of</strong>, among o<strong>the</strong>rs, western red cedar, black cottonwood, red alder <strong>and</strong> willo w<br />
understoried by a variety <strong>of</strong> shrubs . Rooting is essentially unrestricted to at least 100 cm depth .<br />
General L<strong>and</strong> Use Comments : (1) Drainage conditions are generally satisfactory for most shallow-rooted<br />
annual agricultural crops but improved drainage would benefit <strong>the</strong> deeper rooted annuals as well as mos t<br />
perennials . Liming to improve <strong>the</strong> strongly acid soil conditions is also beneficial for most crops . (2) Soil bearin g<br />
capacities are variable <strong>and</strong> require consideration in building or road construction . Septic tank effluent disposa l<br />
fields are impaired during periods <strong>of</strong> high watertables . (3) Bonson soils appear well suited for <strong>the</strong> growth o f<br />
black cottonwood . Potential annual wood production for this species is estimated to be about 20 m 3/ha/yr.<br />
39
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