Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
TABLE 2 The relationship between classified soils and surf icial deposits (soils parent materials ) in the Langley-Vancouver map area Morainal (Glacial Till ) Deposits Colluvial Deposits (>1 m thick) Glaciofluvial Deposits Fluvial Deposits- Deltaic Sandy Fluvial Deposits- Floodplain Fluvial Deposits- Local Stream s Silty or silty or silty or Clayey Sandy Clayey Sandy Clayey Blaney Cheam Capilano Benson Blundell Dewdney Addington Eastcap Bates Buntzen Hoover Columbia Neptune Crescent Grevell Alouette Hopedale Carvolt h Burwell Kenworthy Defehr Seaview Deas Matsqui Annis Sardis Lickma n Cascade Lions Errock Tsawwassen Delta Seabird Arnold Seymour McElvee Devil Palisade Haney Embree Beharrel Ros s Golden Ears Poignant Lynden Guichon Blackburn Si m Langdale Roach Kilter Bonson Westlan g Marion Sechelt Ladner Fairfiel d Porpoise Mathews Grig g Steelhead shallow McLellan Hallert Strachan Colluvial Nicomekl Hammon d Surrey Sandel Hatzi c ôve Bedrock Whonnock Spetifore Hazelwood Vinod Henderso n Cannell Westham Hjort h Grouse Hollyburn Sayres Katzi e Monro e Neaves Nive n Pag e Pell y Pitt Prest Sturgeon (iv) source of the original sediment and the velocity of the streams . The topography is mostly gentl y undulating to gently rolling . High groundwater tables are usual for at least parts of the year an d flooding during freshet periods or after heavy, prolonged rain is common in some areas . Fluvial fan deposits occupy only scattered areas on the uplands and lowlands of the map area bu t are common in the mountain valleys . They usually occur where relatively swiftly flowing stream s abruptly lose velocity and deposit part of their sediment load in a fan shaped pattern . Many are stil l in the process of formation . The deposits are usually moderately to excessively stony and ar e variable in texture . Most commonly however, they are coarse or moderately coarse . Topograph y varies from gently to steeply sloping in the direction of stream flow . (5) Glaciomarine deposits are common in Langley, Matsqui, Surrey and Maple Ridge Municipalitie s below about 175 m elevation and occupy smaller areas elsewhere . Topographically, they vary fro m undulating to rolling . They consist of massive, compact, very slowly permeable silty to claye y sediments which have not been preloaded by glacial ice as is the case with morainal deposits . These deposits, which were laid down in near-shore locations during glacial recession and subsequently exposed through isostatic rebound, contain variable amounts (usually minor) of stones , cobbles and gravel incorporated from floating ice . Dark coloured (probably manganese and organic ) coatings are common in the subsoil along cracks and fractures and sea shells can be found in som e locations . In the eastern part of the map area, a thin, silty eolian veneer sometimes covers the surface . 1 0
---------------- TABLE 2 The relationship between classified soils and surficial deposits (soils parent materials) in the Langley-Vancouver map area-Continued Marine Lacustrine Glaciolacustrine Fluvial Organi c De osits- Glaciomarine Deposits Deposits Deposits Eolian Deposits Fans Deposits - - Deposits (40-160 c m Clayey Lag an d s andy silty o r Littoral Sandy silty deep ) Clayey Chehalis Albion Berry Bose Kennedy Buckerfield Fellows Coquitlam Laxton Banford Dean Durieu Cloverdale Boosey Sumas Dixon Tunbridge Elphingston e Elk Nicholson Langley Heron Fadden Gibso n Harrison Scat Milner Livingstone Vedder Eolian Goud y Isar Whatcom Murrayville Vye Veneer Judso n Paton Stave OVef Lul Morainal u Rodgers Summer Deposits Richmon d Shalish Sunshine Widgeo n Calkin s Lonzo Cree k Ryder orgain c Deposits (>160 cm Eolian Venee r ove r Glacio - fluvia l Deposits Abbostford Calkin s Coghlan Keystone Lehma n Marble Hill Peardonville deep ) Annaci s Glen Valle y Lumbu m Trigg s Organic Deposits (> 10 c m deep/Rock) Dennett Eunice (6) Marine deposits are common in the central part of the map area below elevations of 200 m . They are separated into two types . (i) Clayey sediments which were deposited in marine off-shore locations and subsequently expose d through isostatic rebound after deglaciation comprise the first type . The upper elevations of these deposits is about 30 m . They are most prevalent in the Hazelmere, Cloverdale and Langley area s and consist of stone-free deposits which are compact, massive, very slowly permeable and whic h tend to be saline below depths of 1 to 2 m . They are mostly gently sloping or rolling and hig h groundwater is usual in the more level areas . Sea shells occur in some locations . (ii) Lag and littoral materials which overlie glacial till and fine-textured marine and glaciomarin e deposits form the second type . These sandy and/or gravelly deposits formed during isostatic uplif t as wave action eroded and removed the finer textured sediments from the surface of existin g deposits while redepositing the coarser textures as beaches, spits and veneers . The lag and littora l materials, usually less than 2 m thick, are rapidly permeable and sometimes very stony. They are common on the uplands of Surrey and Langley Municipalities and prevalent on the Sunshine Coas t below elevations of 200 m . (7) Lacustrine deposits consist of sediments deposited in lake environments in post-glacial time . In the map area they are restricted mainly to the Sumas Valley where they range in texture from clayey to sandy and occur at elevations below 10 m . The topography varies from level to gently rolling and most 1 1
- Page 1 and 2: Soils of the Langley-Vancouver Map
- Page 3 and 4: Province of British Columbi a Minis
- Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
- Page 7 and 8: HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
- Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
- Page 11 and 12: Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
- Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
- Page 15 and 16: LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
- Page 17 and 18: LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
- Page 19 and 20: Plate i view northward over downtow
- Page 21 and 22: during the growing season (May to S
- Page 23 and 24: Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
- Page 25: SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
- Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
- Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
- Page 33 and 34: UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
- Page 35 and 36: Description of the Soils
- Page 37 and 38: n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
- Page 39 and 40: - _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
- Page 41 and 42: General Soil Description : Albion s
- Page 43 and 44: ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
- Page 45 and 46: ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
- Page 47 and 48: BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
- Page 49 and 50: BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
- Page 51 and 52: BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
- Page 53 and 54: BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
- Page 55 and 56: BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
- Page 57 and 58: ' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
- Page 59 and 60: BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
- Page 61 and 62: Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
- Page 63 and 64: CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
- Page 65 and 66: CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
- Page 67 and 68: CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
- Page 69 and 70: CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
- Page 71 and 72: Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
- Page 73 and 74: COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
- Page 75 and 76: COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
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TABLE 2<br />
The relationship between classified soils <strong>and</strong> surficial deposits (soils parent materials)<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Langley-Vancouver map area-Continued<br />
Marine Lacustrine Glaciolacustrine<br />
Fluvial<br />
Organi c<br />
De osits- Glaciomarine Deposits Deposits Deposits<br />
Eolian Deposits<br />
Fans<br />
Deposits - - Deposits (40-160 c m<br />
Clayey<br />
Lag an d s <strong>and</strong>y silty o r<br />
Littoral<br />
S<strong>and</strong>y silty<br />
deep )<br />
Clayey<br />
Chehalis Albion Berry Bose Kennedy Buckerfield Fellows Coquitlam Laxton Banford<br />
Dean Durieu Cloverdale Boosey Sumas Dixon Tunbridge Elphingston e<br />
Elk Nicholson Langley Heron Fadden Gibso n<br />
Harrison Scat Milner Livingstone Vedder Eolian Goud y<br />
Isar Whatcom Murrayville Vye Veneer Judso n<br />
Paton Stave OVef Lul<br />
Morainal<br />
u<br />
Rodgers<br />
Summer<br />
Deposits Richmon d<br />
Shalish Sunshine Widgeo n<br />
Calkin s<br />
Lonzo Cree k<br />
Ryder orgain c<br />
Deposits<br />
(>160 cm<br />
Eolian<br />
Venee r<br />
ove r<br />
Glacio -<br />
fluvia l<br />
Deposits<br />
Abbostford<br />
Calkin s<br />
Coghlan<br />
Keystone<br />
Lehma n<br />
Marble Hill<br />
Peardonville<br />
deep )<br />
Annaci s<br />
Glen Valle y<br />
Lumbu m<br />
Trigg s<br />
Organic<br />
Deposits<br />
(> 10 c m<br />
deep/Rock)<br />
Dennett<br />
Eunice<br />
(6) Marine deposits are common in <strong>the</strong> central part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> map area below elevations <strong>of</strong> 200 m . They are<br />
separated into two types .<br />
(i) Clayey sediments which were deposited in marine <strong>of</strong>f-shore locations <strong>and</strong> subsequently expose d<br />
through isostatic rebound after deglaciation comprise <strong>the</strong> first type . The upper elevations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
deposits is about 30 m . They are most prevalent in <strong>the</strong> Hazelmere, Cloverdale <strong>and</strong> Langley area s<br />
<strong>and</strong> consist <strong>of</strong> stone-free deposits which are compact, massive, very slowly permeable <strong>and</strong> whic h<br />
tend to be saline below depths <strong>of</strong> 1 to 2 m . They are mostly gently sloping or rolling <strong>and</strong> hig h<br />
groundwater is usual in <strong>the</strong> more level areas . Sea shells occur in some locations .<br />
(ii) Lag <strong>and</strong> littoral materials which overlie glacial till <strong>and</strong> fine-textured marine <strong>and</strong> glaciomarin e<br />
deposits form <strong>the</strong> second type . These s<strong>and</strong>y <strong>and</strong>/or gravelly deposits formed during isostatic uplif t<br />
as wave action eroded <strong>and</strong> removed <strong>the</strong> finer textured sediments from <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> existin g<br />
deposits while redepositing <strong>the</strong> coarser textures as beaches, spits <strong>and</strong> veneers . The lag <strong>and</strong> littora l<br />
materials, usually less than 2 m thick, are rapidly permeable <strong>and</strong> sometimes very stony. They are<br />
common on <strong>the</strong> upl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Surrey <strong>and</strong> Langley Municipalities <strong>and</strong> prevalent on <strong>the</strong> Sunshine Coas t<br />
below elevations <strong>of</strong> 200 m .<br />
(7) Lacustrine deposits consist <strong>of</strong> sediments deposited in lake environments in post-glacial time . In <strong>the</strong><br />
map area <strong>the</strong>y are restricted mainly to <strong>the</strong> Sumas Valley where <strong>the</strong>y range in texture from clayey to<br />
s<strong>and</strong>y <strong>and</strong> occur at elevations below 10 m . The topography varies from level to gently rolling <strong>and</strong> most<br />
1 1
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