Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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VINOD SOILS Location and Extent : Vinod soils occupy scattered areas on the lowlands of Delta Municipality and in th e Serpentine-Nicomekl Valley. About 150 ha of pure map units and 740 ha of soil complexes dominated by Vino d soils are mapped . The complexes are mainly with Richmond soils and lesser areas are complexed wit h McLellan, Goudy, Lulu and Spetifore soils . Topography and Elevation : Vinod soils are nearly level to very gently undulating with slopes less than 2 percent . They occur either as slight depressions in areas of better drained, miheral soils or as slight ridges i n areas of organic soils . Elevations lie below 3 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Vinod soils have developed from shallow (15 to 40 cm thick), well-decomposed organic material that overlies moderately fine textured deltaic deposits . The surface is usually humic i n decomposition while subsurface and subsoil textures are silty clay loam or silty clay. Medium or fine san d sometimes occurs below 1 m . The subsurface and subsoil are saline and, where the organic surface is relativel y shallow, some of the underlying mineral soil has been mixed by cultivation with the organic material . The mineral material also generally contains substantial amounts of compounds high in sulphur . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Vinod soils are poorly to very poorly drained . They are moderately to slowl y pervious and have high water holding capacity and slow surface runoff . The watertable is usually near, an d sometimes at the surface, during the winter and early spring, then recedes slightly during the summer . In th e slightly depressional areas, temporary surface ponding is common during and after heavy rain, particularly i n winter. General Soil Description : Vinod soils generally have a black, cultivated, mucky (humic) surface laye r about 20 cm thick which is friable and soft . It is underlain (where the organic deposits are deep enough) by about 15 cm of firm, compact, dark reddish brown organic material (plow pan) containing some silty minera l material . The organic material is then underlain by about 30 cm of grayish-brown to gray, massive, silty to claye y material containing common, yellow mottles, vertical remains of old roots and occasional vertical crack s containing organic matter from above . This zone then grades to dark gray or gray, massive, silty materia l containing common, yellow mottles and vertical old root remains in the upper part as well as hard, brownis h tubules around old root channels . Below about 1 m, bluish to greenish-gray sand sometimes occurs . Soi l reaction is extremely acid throughout . Soil classification is Rego Gleysol :saline and peaty phase . Commonly Associated Soils : Richmond, Goudy and McLellan soils usually occur in close associatio n with Vinod soils . Richmond and Goudy soils differ from Vinod soils by consisting of 40 to 160 cm of well - decomposed organic material ; Goudy soils are also strongly saline in the subsurface and subsoil layers . McLellan soils differ from Vinod by lacking a shallow organic surface layer. McLellan soils likely were similar at one time to Vinod soils but decomposition and subsidence of the organic surface layer has occurred to such a n extent that the organic layer is no longer distinct . Vegetation : Most areas of Vinod soils are cleared and cultivated ; perennial crops are mostly hay and pasture ; annual crops are mainly vegetables although oats and other field crops are also grown . Rooting is confined mainly to the upper 50 cm by the high watertables and the dense, saline subsoil . General Land Use Comments : (1) The main agricultural limitation of Vinod soils is high watertable s during the winter and spring which severely damage perennial crops and retard spring cultivation . Artificia l drainage installation will improve this problem . Salinity in the subsurface is also potentially limiting for som e crops, especially where the organic surface is thin . Subsoiling helps to break up the plow pan that is present i n some areas as well as improving rooting depth, water movement and aeration . Irrigation is beneficial for shallo w rooted crops during most summers and also assists in leaching some of the salts from the subsurface . (2) Vinod soils are poorly suited for urban uses . High groundwater tables preclude basements and other excavations ; variable (usually low) soil bearing strengths probably require special foundation considerations and septic tan k effluent disposal is severely restricted . Surface flooding in some areas is a hazard and underground utility an d other installations are likely to suffer severe corrosion if not adequately protected . 190
Plate 39 Vinod soil profile (Rego Gleysol :saline and peaty phase). These poorly drained soils have developed from 6 to 16 in (15 to 40 cm) of well to moderately decomposed organic materia l overlying silty, saline deltaic deposits. The dark coloured flecks and streaks in the subsoil are mainly dark brown to reddish-brown, hard tubules around old root channels . Note the wide crack on the left of 191
Page 1 and 2:
Soils of the Langley-Vancouver Map
Page 3 and 4:
Province of British Columbi a Minis
Page 5 and 6:
INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
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HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
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Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
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LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
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Plate i view northward over downtow
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during the growing season (May to S
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Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
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SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
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---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
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CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
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CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
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UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
Page 35 and 36:
Description of the Soils
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n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
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- _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
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General Soil Description : Albion s
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ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
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ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
Page 47 and 48:
BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
Page 49 and 50:
BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
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BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
Page 53 and 54:
BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
Page 55 and 56:
BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
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' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
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BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
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Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
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CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
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CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
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CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
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CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
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Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
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COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
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COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
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subsurface layers to extremely acid
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DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
Page 81 and 82:
DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
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Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
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DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
Page 87 and 88:
DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
Page 89 and 90:
ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
Page 91 and 92:
EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
Page 93 and 94:
ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Exte
Page 95 and 96:
FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
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FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
Page 99 and 100:
GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
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GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
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GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
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GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
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GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
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HAMMOND SOILS . (HA) Location and E
Page 111 and 112:
HARRISON SOILS . (HR) Location and
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HAZELWOOD SOILS (HD) Location and E
Page 115 and 116:
HERON SOILS (HN ) Location and Exte
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HOLLYBURN SOILS (HB) Location and E
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HOPEDALE SOILS (HP) Location and Ex
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JUDSON SOILS (JN) Location and Exte
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KENNEDY SOILS , -n Plate 26 A t ypi
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KENWORTHY SOILS (KW) Location and E
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KITTER SOILS (K) Location and Exten
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(L) Commonly Associated Soils : Del
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LANGLEY SOILS (LA) Location and Ext
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LEHMAN SOILS . (LH) Location and Ex
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LIONS SOILS (LS) Location and Exten
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LONZO CREEK SOILS ,(LZ) Location an
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(LU ) Pate 30 Lodgepole pine is a c
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LYNDEN SOILS (LY) Location and Exte
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L r4 . Li- -_, - Plate 32 Marble Hi
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MATHEWS SOILS (MW) Location and Ext
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=-'~ squi soil profile (Eluviated E
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McELVEE SOILS (ME) Location and Ext
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MILNER SOILS (ML) Location and Exte
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(M) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 155 and 156: General Land Use Comments : (1) Mur
Page 157 and 158: NEPTUNE SOILS (NP) Location and Ext
Page 159 and 160: (N) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 161 and 162: NIVEN SOILS (NN) Location and Exten
Page 163 and 164: PALISADE SOILS (PA) Location and Ex
Page 165 and 166: equired to ensure soil instability
Page 167 and 168: PELLY SOILS (Pl ) Location and Exte
Page 169 and 170: POIGNANT SOILS (PT) Location and Ex
Page 171 and 172: PREST SOILS (PR) Location and Exten
Page 173 and 174: ROACH SOILS (RH) Location and Exten
Page 175 and 176: ROSS SOILS (RS) Location and Extent
Page 177 and 178: (RD ) Plate 37 Ryder soil profile (
Page 179 and 180: BARDIS SOILS (SD) Location and Exte
Page 181 and 182: SCAT SOILS Location and Extent : Sc
Page 183 and 184: SEABIRD SOILS (SB) Location and Ext
Page 185 and 186: SECRECY SOILS (SL) Location and Ext
Page 187 and 188: SHALISH SOILS Location and Extent :
Page 189 and 190: SIM SOILS (SI) Location and Extent
Page 191 and 192: STAVE SOILS Location and Extent : S
Page 193 and 194: STEELHEAD SOILS Location and Extent
Page 195 and 196: STRACHAN SOILS (SN) Location and Ex
Page 197 and 198: SU MAS SOILS so_ Location and Exten
Page 199 and 200: SUMMER SOILS (SR) Location and Exte
Page 201 and 202: SURREY SOILS (SU ) Location and Ext
Page 203 and 204: TSAWWASSEN SOILS (TS) Location and
Page 205: VEDDER SOILS (VD) Location and Exte
Page 209 and 210: (VY) Plate 4 1 Vye soil profile (Gl
Page 211 and 212: General Land Use Comments : (1) Wes
Page 213 and 214: WHATCOM SOIL S Plate 42 A typical u
Page 215 and 216: W) Commonly Associated Soils : Scat
Page 217 and 218: WIDGEON SOILS (WG ) Location and Ex
Page 219 and 220: MISCELLANEOUS LAND TYPE S Miscellan
Page 221 and 222: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Armstrong, J.
Page 223 and 224: Luttmerding, H .A. and P.N . Sprout
Page 225 and 226: oulders : Rock fragments over 60 cm
Page 227 and 228: eluviation : The transportation of
Page 229 and 230: lithic layer : Bedrock under the co
Page 231 and 232: unoff : The portion of the total pr
Page 233 and 234: Appendices
Page 235 and 236: APPENDIX C Average Minimum and Maxi
Page 237 and 238: Soil Name (Map Symbol) Simple Map U
Page 239 and 240: APPENDIX F SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES *
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX I SOIL REACTION CLASSES *
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