Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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PATON SOILS Location and Extent : Paton soils occupy scattered locations throughout the mountainous, northern part o f the map area, usually intermingled with or near the base of steep, rocky areas . About 90 ha of pure map unit s and 2840 ha of soil complexes dominated by Paton soils are mapped . The complexes are mostly with Cannel l and Eunice soils and Rock Outcrop and Talus land types . Topography and Elevation : The topography of Paton soils ranges from steeply to extremely sloping wit h slope gradients from 20 to over 60 percent . Most areas, however, are very steeply sloping with gradient s between 30 and 60 percent . Elevations range upward from sea level to about 675 m . Parent Material and Texture : Paton soils have developed from very stony, bouldery and gravelly, coarse - textured colluvial and alluvial-colluvial fan deposits that usually occur on or near the base of steep, rocky areas . Included also are some stabilized talus accumulations . The deposits are usually more than 2 m thick an d usually are underlain by bedrock . Surface and subsurface textures range from gravel to gravelly loamy san d and from 50 and 80 percent angular coarse fragments are usually present . The subsoil generally consists o f stony and bouldery, angular gravel containing 80 percent or more coarse fragments . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Paton soils are well to rapidly drained . They are rapidly pervious and have low moisture holding capacity and slow surface runoff . Telluric downslope seepage often occurs in the lowe r subsoil (above the underlying bedrock) after heavy rain . General Soil Description : Paton soils usually have up to 10 cm of brownish to black organic forest litter o n the soil surface . This is underlain by a thin, discontinuous, grayish, sandy layer up to 3 cm thick which, in turn, i s underlain by about 80 cm of very friable to loose, very gravelly material which varies in colour from dark reddis h brown to dark brown and contains 50 to 80 percent angular stones, cobbles and boulders . The soil the n changes to about 80 cm of loose, yellowish-brown, very gravelly material containing about 80 percent angula r stones, cobbles and boulders. Unweathered, gravelly, stony and bouldery soil parent material occurs below about 160 cm . Soil reaction is extremely acid in the organic surface layer and very strongly acid in the minera l soil . Soil classification is Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol. Commonly Associated Soils : Cannell, Eunice, Strachan and Burwell soils and Rock Outcrop and Talu s land types are usually closely associated with Paton soils . Strachan and Burwell soils differ from Paton soils by being developed in glacial till and having strongly cemented subsoil layers . Burwell soils are also imperfectl y drained . Cannell soils differ by consisting of less than 100 cm of soil over bedrock while Eunice soils differ b y being composed of more than 10 cm of organic material over bedrock . The Rock Outcrop land type differs b y consisting of rock either exposed at, or occurring within 10 cm of the land surface . Talus land type consists of actively accumulating, colluvial rock debris . In some locations, stabilized talus deposits form the paren t material of Paton soils . Vegetation : The vegetation on Paton consists mostly of coast Douglas-fir with some western hemlock an d western red cedar. Red alder and vine maple also occur, especially in somewhat unstable locations or in logge d areas . Arbutus is a common component of the vegetation at the lower elevations along the sea coast . Rooting i s unrestricted although limitations to root distribution are imposed by the severely stony, bouldery and gravell y soil conditions . General Land Use Comments : (1) Paton soils are unsuited for agricultural uses due to excessive slope s and very stony, coarse textured soils . (2) Paton soils are also unsuited for urban and similar uses due to stee p slopes and, in some areas, instability. Many areas are at or near the angle of repose and undercutting will lead t o cut-slope ravelling and increased downslope movement . Some areas are also susceptible to periodic colluvia l additions by rock and other debris from upslope locations . Some areas of Paton soils are moderately suited as sources of aggregate and fill . (3) Forest growth is moderate, limited mainly by the stony nature of the soil and it s low water holding capacity. Potential annual wood production by coast Douglas-fir is estimated at between 6 . 5 and 9 m 3/ha . During logging and road construction special care to avoid soil disturbance and exposure i s 148
equired to ensure soil instability is not increased . Paton soils usually occur as small, discontinuous areas intermingled among Rock Outcrops and soils shallow to bedrock which make them difficult to manag e individually . (PN) Plate 35 1pical lower slopes along Pitt Lake consisting of shallow colluvial and alluvial deposits (Cannel/ and Paton soils), shallow organic accumulations over bedrock (Eunice soils) and exposed bedrock. Cottaging is an important recreational use of the shores of Pitt Lake . (Tourism B.C. photo). 149
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Soils of the Langley-Vancouver Map
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Province of British Columbi a Minis
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INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
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HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
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INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
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Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
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LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
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Plate i view northward over downtow
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during the growing season (May to S
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Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
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SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
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---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
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CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
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CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
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UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
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Description of the Soils
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n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
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- _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
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General Soil Description : Albion s
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ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
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ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
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BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
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BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
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BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
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BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
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BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
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' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
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BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
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Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
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CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
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CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
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CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
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CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
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Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
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COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
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COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
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subsurface layers to extremely acid
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DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
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DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
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Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
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DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
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DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
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ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
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EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
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ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Exte
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FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
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FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
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GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
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GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
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GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
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GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
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GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
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HAMMOND SOILS . (HA) Location and E
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HARRISON SOILS . (HR) Location and
Page 113 and 114: HAZELWOOD SOILS (HD) Location and E
Page 115 and 116: HERON SOILS (HN ) Location and Exte
Page 117 and 118: HOLLYBURN SOILS (HB) Location and E
Page 119 and 120: HOPEDALE SOILS (HP) Location and Ex
Page 121 and 122: JUDSON SOILS (JN) Location and Exte
Page 123 and 124: KENNEDY SOILS , -n Plate 26 A t ypi
Page 125 and 126: KENWORTHY SOILS (KW) Location and E
Page 127 and 128: KITTER SOILS (K) Location and Exten
Page 129 and 130: (L) Commonly Associated Soils : Del
Page 131 and 132: LANGLEY SOILS (LA) Location and Ext
Page 133 and 134: LEHMAN SOILS . (LH) Location and Ex
Page 135 and 136: LIONS SOILS (LS) Location and Exten
Page 137 and 138: LONZO CREEK SOILS ,(LZ) Location an
Page 139 and 140: (LU ) Pate 30 Lodgepole pine is a c
Page 141 and 142: LYNDEN SOILS (LY) Location and Exte
Page 143 and 144: L r4 . Li- -_, - Plate 32 Marble Hi
Page 145 and 146: MATHEWS SOILS (MW) Location and Ext
Page 147 and 148: =-'~ squi soil profile (Eluviated E
Page 149 and 150: McELVEE SOILS (ME) Location and Ext
Page 151 and 152: MILNER SOILS (ML) Location and Exte
Page 153 and 154: (M) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 155 and 156: General Land Use Comments : (1) Mur
Page 157 and 158: NEPTUNE SOILS (NP) Location and Ext
Page 159 and 160: (N) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 161 and 162: NIVEN SOILS (NN) Location and Exten
Page 163: PALISADE SOILS (PA) Location and Ex
Page 167 and 168: PELLY SOILS (Pl ) Location and Exte
Page 169 and 170: POIGNANT SOILS (PT) Location and Ex
Page 171 and 172: PREST SOILS (PR) Location and Exten
Page 173 and 174: ROACH SOILS (RH) Location and Exten
Page 175 and 176: ROSS SOILS (RS) Location and Extent
Page 177 and 178: (RD ) Plate 37 Ryder soil profile (
Page 179 and 180: BARDIS SOILS (SD) Location and Exte
Page 181 and 182: SCAT SOILS Location and Extent : Sc
Page 183 and 184: SEABIRD SOILS (SB) Location and Ext
Page 185 and 186: SECRECY SOILS (SL) Location and Ext
Page 187 and 188: SHALISH SOILS Location and Extent :
Page 189 and 190: SIM SOILS (SI) Location and Extent
Page 191 and 192: STAVE SOILS Location and Extent : S
Page 193 and 194: STEELHEAD SOILS Location and Extent
Page 195 and 196: STRACHAN SOILS (SN) Location and Ex
Page 197 and 198: SU MAS SOILS so_ Location and Exten
Page 199 and 200: SUMMER SOILS (SR) Location and Exte
Page 201 and 202: SURREY SOILS (SU ) Location and Ext
Page 203 and 204: TSAWWASSEN SOILS (TS) Location and
Page 205 and 206: VEDDER SOILS (VD) Location and Exte
Page 207 and 208: Plate 39 Vinod soil profile (Rego G
Page 209 and 210: (VY) Plate 4 1 Vye soil profile (Gl
Page 211 and 212: General Land Use Comments : (1) Wes
Page 213 and 214: WHATCOM SOIL S Plate 42 A typical u
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W) Commonly Associated Soils : Scat
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WIDGEON SOILS (WG ) Location and Ex
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MISCELLANEOUS LAND TYPE S Miscellan
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Armstrong, J.
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Luttmerding, H .A. and P.N . Sprout
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oulders : Rock fragments over 60 cm
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eluviation : The transportation of
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lithic layer : Bedrock under the co
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unoff : The portion of the total pr
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Appendices
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APPENDIX C Average Minimum and Maxi
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Soil Name (Map Symbol) Simple Map U
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APPENDIX F SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES *
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APPENDIX I SOIL REACTION CLASSES *
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