Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
MONROE SOILS Location and Extent : Monroe soils are common on the floodplain of the Fraser River east from th e confluence with the Pitt River. The largest areas are in Matsqui Valley and on Nicomen Island . About 110 ha of pure map units and 1290 ha of soil complexes dominated by Monroe soils are classified . The complexes are mostly with Fairfield, Matsqui and Page soils . Topography and Elevation : Monroe soils are mostly gently undulating or undulating, sometimes varying t o gently or moderately rolling . Slope gradients are less than 10 percent . The soils occupy the topographicall y higher landscape positions when in complexes with poorer drained soils . Elevations range from about 4 to 15 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Monroe soils have developed from medium-textured, stone-free Fraser Rive r floodplain deposits that are more than 50 cm deep and overlie coarse-textured deposits, mainly sand . Surface and subsurface textures are usually silt loam, occasionally varying to fine sandy loam, loam or silty clay loam . The upper subsoil textures are similar but change at depth to sand or loamy sand, sometimes interstratified wit h thin, finer textured bands . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Monroe soils are moderately well to well drained . They are moderatel y pervious and have high water holding capacity and slow to moderate surface runoff . Temporary groundwate r tables may develop in the subsoil during the freshet period on the Fraser River or during heavy, prolonged rain . General Soil Description : Monroe soils generally have a grayish-brown, friable, cultivated silty surfac e about 20 cm thick which is underlain by about 15•cm of brown or brownish-gray, friable, weakly subangula r blocky to fine platy, partially leached, silty material . In turn, this is underlain by a dark brown to dark yellowis h brown, friable, moderately subangular blocky zone about 50 cm thick that is slightly enriched with eluviate d clay in the upper part and contains scattered clay flows and skins . It grades with increasing depth to loose san d or, sometimes, sand interspersed with thin, finer textured bands and contains few to common, brownish o r reddish mottles below about 100 cm . Casts and other evidence of earthworm activity are usually present in the upper 50 cm . Soil reactions vary from very strongly or strongly acid in the surface and grade to medium o r slightly acid at depth . Soil classification is Eluviated Eutric Brunisol . Commonly Associated Soils : Fairfield, Matsqui, Dewdney and Page soils are usually associated in th e undulating landscape with Monroe soils . Fairfield soils differ from Monroe soils by being imperfectly drained and usually lie in slightly lower landscape positions . Matsqui soils have textures similar to Monroe soils but th e underlying sand occurs within 20 to 50 cm of the surface ; Dewdney soils are similar to Matsqui soils an d additionally, are imperfectly drained . Page soils, generally depressional in relation to Monroe soils, are poorl y drained . Vegetation : Most Monroe soil areas are cleared and cultivated . The remaining, small, uncleared area s support, among others, black cottonwood, red alder, vine and bigleaf maple, birch, coast Douglas-fir, wester n red cedar, occasional Sitka spruce, blackberry, thimbleberry, salmonberry, and grass . Rooting is unrestricted to at least 100 cm depth . 136
(M) General Land Use Comments : (1) Monroe soils are well suited for most agricultural crops althoug h adverse topography may be somewhat limiting in a few areas . Irrigation is beneficial during dry summers t o maintain good production . If land levelling is undertaken, care should be taken to avoid exposing the sand y subsoil material since this will lower the soil's water holding capacity. A suggested method is to stockpile th e silty upper material, level the underlying sand, then spread the stockpiled soil . Monroe soils usually occupy relatively small, individual areas with convoluted boundaries making them difficult to manage as discrete units . (2) Monroe soils are among the better building sites on the Fraser River floodplain . The soils are relatively wel l drained although variable bearing strengths may require special foundation construction . Septic tanks usuall y function well. Where not dyked, Monroe soil areas are susceptible to flooding during the Fraser River freshe t period . (3) Monroe soils are well suited for the production of forest crops such as black cottonwood and dat a from a limited number of plots indicates this species potentially produces between 12 and 15 m 3/ha of wood pe r year. Production of black cottonwood and hybrid European poplars should be considered for relativel y inaccessible areas such as the islands in the Fraser River, or undyked areas susceptible to flooding . 137
- Page 101 and 102: GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
- Page 103 and 104: GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
- Page 105 and 106: GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
- Page 107 and 108: GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
- Page 109 and 110: HAMMOND SOILS . (HA) Location and E
- Page 111 and 112: HARRISON SOILS . (HR) Location and
- Page 113 and 114: HAZELWOOD SOILS (HD) Location and E
- Page 115 and 116: HERON SOILS (HN ) Location and Exte
- Page 117 and 118: HOLLYBURN SOILS (HB) Location and E
- Page 119 and 120: HOPEDALE SOILS (HP) Location and Ex
- Page 121 and 122: JUDSON SOILS (JN) Location and Exte
- Page 123 and 124: KENNEDY SOILS , -n Plate 26 A t ypi
- Page 125 and 126: KENWORTHY SOILS (KW) Location and E
- Page 127 and 128: KITTER SOILS (K) Location and Exten
- Page 129 and 130: (L) Commonly Associated Soils : Del
- Page 131 and 132: LANGLEY SOILS (LA) Location and Ext
- Page 133 and 134: LEHMAN SOILS . (LH) Location and Ex
- Page 135 and 136: LIONS SOILS (LS) Location and Exten
- Page 137 and 138: LONZO CREEK SOILS ,(LZ) Location an
- Page 139 and 140: (LU ) Pate 30 Lodgepole pine is a c
- Page 141 and 142: LYNDEN SOILS (LY) Location and Exte
- Page 143 and 144: L r4 . Li- -_, - Plate 32 Marble Hi
- Page 145 and 146: MATHEWS SOILS (MW) Location and Ext
- Page 147 and 148: =-'~ squi soil profile (Eluviated E
- Page 149 and 150: McELVEE SOILS (ME) Location and Ext
- Page 151: MILNER SOILS (ML) Location and Exte
- Page 155 and 156: General Land Use Comments : (1) Mur
- Page 157 and 158: NEPTUNE SOILS (NP) Location and Ext
- Page 159 and 160: (N) General Land Use Comments : (1)
- Page 161 and 162: NIVEN SOILS (NN) Location and Exten
- Page 163 and 164: PALISADE SOILS (PA) Location and Ex
- Page 165 and 166: equired to ensure soil instability
- Page 167 and 168: PELLY SOILS (Pl ) Location and Exte
- Page 169 and 170: POIGNANT SOILS (PT) Location and Ex
- Page 171 and 172: PREST SOILS (PR) Location and Exten
- Page 173 and 174: ROACH SOILS (RH) Location and Exten
- Page 175 and 176: ROSS SOILS (RS) Location and Extent
- Page 177 and 178: (RD ) Plate 37 Ryder soil profile (
- Page 179 and 180: BARDIS SOILS (SD) Location and Exte
- Page 181 and 182: SCAT SOILS Location and Extent : Sc
- Page 183 and 184: SEABIRD SOILS (SB) Location and Ext
- Page 185 and 186: SECRECY SOILS (SL) Location and Ext
- Page 187 and 188: SHALISH SOILS Location and Extent :
- Page 189 and 190: SIM SOILS (SI) Location and Extent
- Page 191 and 192: STAVE SOILS Location and Extent : S
- Page 193 and 194: STEELHEAD SOILS Location and Extent
- Page 195 and 196: STRACHAN SOILS (SN) Location and Ex
- Page 197 and 198: SU MAS SOILS so_ Location and Exten
- Page 199 and 200: SUMMER SOILS (SR) Location and Exte
- Page 201 and 202: SURREY SOILS (SU ) Location and Ext
(M)<br />
General L<strong>and</strong> Use Comments : (1) Monroe soils are well suited for most agricultural crops althoug h<br />
adverse topography may be somewhat limiting in a few areas . Irrigation is beneficial during dry summers t o<br />
maintain good production . If l<strong>and</strong> levelling is undertaken, care should be taken to avoid exposing <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong> y<br />
subsoil material since this will lower <strong>the</strong> soil's water holding capacity. A suggested method is to stockpile th e<br />
silty upper material, level <strong>the</strong> underlying s<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong>n spread <strong>the</strong> stockpiled soil . Monroe soils usually occupy<br />
relatively small, individual areas with convoluted boundaries making <strong>the</strong>m difficult to manage as discrete units .<br />
(2) Monroe soils are among <strong>the</strong> better building sites on <strong>the</strong> Fraser River floodplain . The soils are relatively wel l<br />
drained although variable bearing strengths may require special foundation construction . Septic tanks usuall y<br />
function well. Where not dyked, Monroe soil areas are susceptible to flooding during <strong>the</strong> Fraser River freshe t<br />
period . (3) Monroe soils are well suited for <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> forest crops such as black cottonwood <strong>and</strong> dat a<br />
from a limited number <strong>of</strong> plots indicates this species potentially produces between 12 <strong>and</strong> 15 m 3/ha <strong>of</strong> wood pe r<br />
year. Production <strong>of</strong> black cottonwood <strong>and</strong> hybrid European poplars should be considered for relativel y<br />
inaccessible areas such as <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> Fraser River, or undyked areas susceptible to flooding .<br />
137