Soils of the - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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LULU SOILS Location and Extent : Lulu soils occupy scattered areas in Richmond Municipality, the Serpentine-Nicomek l Valley and the eastern lowlands of Delta Municipality. There are about 280 ha of pure map units and 1180 ha o f soil complexes dominated by Lulu soils . Most complexes are with Richmond, Lumbum and Triggs soils . Topography and Elevation : Lulu soils are generally level to very gently sloping or gently undulating wit h slopes less than 2 percent . They are often slightly depressional in relation to adjacent mineral soils and li e between 1 and 4 m above sea level . Parent Material and Texture : Lulu soils have developed from partially decomposed organic deposits , between 40 and 160 cm thick, which overlie moderately fine or fine-textured deltaic sediments . Surfaces var y from undecomposed to well-decomposed, depending on whether and how long they have been cultivated . Th e subsurface deposits are partially decomposed (mesic) and consist of mixed moss, sedge and shrub remains i n the upper part and mainly sedges and reeds in the lower part . The underlying subsoil mineral material is silt y clay loam or silty clay . It is usually moderately to strongly saline and high in sulphur compounds . A few areas o f Lulu soils are mapped where once deeper organic deposits have been partially excavated for commerical peat . Soil Moisture Characteristics : Lulu soils are very poorly drained . They are moderately pervious and hav e very high waterholding capacity and slow surface runoff . The watertable is near, or sometimes at, the soi l surface for most of the winter and during rainy periods of the summer ; some areas are subject to surfac e ponding . General Soil Description : Lulu soils usually have about 15 cm of black to reddish-brown, friable, partiall y decomposed (mesic), cultivated organic material at the surface . This is underlain by between 30 and 140 cm o f dark brown or dark reddish brown, weakly stratified, partially decomposed organic material in which individua l moss, sedge and woody plant remains are identifiable . Under the organic material is gray or greenish-gray , massive, clayey material which is usually saline and contains common to few, yellowish mottles . Soil reaction s are extremely acid throughout . Soil classification is Terric Mesisol. Commonly Associated Soils : Lumbum, Richmond, Triggs and Vinod soils often occur in close association with Lulu soils . Lumbum soils are similar to Lulu soils except that the partially decomposed, organi c material is more than 160 cm deep. Richmond soils differ by consisting dominantly of well-decompose d (humic) organic material and Triggs soils differ by being composed of deep, essentially raw organic materia l derived mainly from moss . Vinod soils differ by consisting of 15 to 40 cm of organic material over saline, clayey , mineral soil . Vegetation : Uncleared areas of Lulu soils support variable vegetation including birch, shore pine, hardhack , Labrador tea, western red cedar, western hemlock, bracken and several mosses . Rooting is mainly restricted to the upper 50 cm by high groundwater tables . Saline subsoil conditions are usually sufficiently deep to have littl e effect on growth of most plants . General Land Use Comments : (1) Lulu soils are limited for agricultural use by high watertables an d extreme acidity. Adequate water table control and liming will allow production of most annual crops which ar e not very sensitive to "wet-feet". Perennial crops are mainly limited to those able to withstand high watertable s during the winter months . Artificial drainage should provide watertable control sufficient for the crops grown . Overdraining will accelerate subsidence and decomposition of the organic material which, in some areas, ma y cause the saline subsoil to depress crop growth . (2) Urban and similar uses are poorly suited for Lulu soils . Bearing strengths are very low and high watertables preclude basements or similar excavations . High waterta - bles also make septic tanks unsuitable . Severe corrosion of unprotected in-ground installations, such a s utilities, is likely due to the saline subsoil conditions . 122
(LU ) Pate 30 Lodgepole pine is a common component of the vegetation on many of the slightly to moderately decomposed organic soils . Plate 31 Lulu soil profile (Terric Mesisol) . These soils consist of 40 to 160 cm of moderately decomposed organic material over saline, silty ptp the organic deposits are 2 5 ft . (75 cm) g (Shrin kiaccel aç !I oca coiIS _ _A rr - 123
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Soils of the Langley-Vancouver Map
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Province of British Columbi a Minis
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INTRODUCTION The first soil survey
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HOW TO USE THE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT
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INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THE SOIL MA
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Lulu Soils (LU) Lumbum Soils (LM) L
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location a
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LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate 30
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Avera
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Plate i view northward over downtow
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during the growing season (May to S
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Plate 3 Dyke along the Fraser River
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SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS Several
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---------------- TABLE 2 The relati
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CHAPTER TWO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND
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CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE SO
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UPLANDS STREA M Figure 6. A schemat
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Description of the Soils
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n Plate 5 Abbotsford soil profile (
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- _ I Plate 6 Landscape typical of
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General Soil Description : Albion s
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ANNACIS SOILS (AS) Location and Ext
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ARNOLD SOILS . (AR) Location and Ex
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BATES SOILS (BT) Location and Exten
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BEHARREL SOILS . (BL) Location and
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BERRY SOILS (BR) Location and Exten
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BLANEY SOILS . (BE) Location and Ex
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BONSON SOILS (BN) Location and Exte
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' - -_) - r or - ' _ ti _ L , -~ s,
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BUCKERFIELD SOILS (BK) Location and
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Plate 13 Buntzen soil profiie -. -H
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CALKINS SOILS (CN) Location and Ext
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CAPILANO SOILS . (CP) Location and
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CASCADE SOILS . (CC) Location and E
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CHEHALIS SOILS (CS) Location and Ex
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Plate 14 Cloverdale soil pro/0e fHu
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COLUMBIA SOILS Location and Extent
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COQUITLAM SOILS . (CO) Location and
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subsurface layers to extremely acid
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DEAS SOILS (DS) Location and Extent
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DELTA SOILS (DT) Location and Exten
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Plate 20 Dennett soil profile (Typi
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DEWDNEY SOILS (DW) Location and Ext
Page 87 and 88: DURIEU SOILS (DU) Location and Exte
Page 89 and 90: ELK SOILS (EK) Location and Extent
Page 91 and 92: EMBREE SOILS : (EM) Location and Ex
Page 93 and 94: ERROCK SOILS (ER) Location and Exte
Page 95 and 96: FADDEN SOILS (FD) Location and Exte
Page 97 and 98: FELLOWS SOILS . (FS) Location and E
Page 99 and 100: GLEN VALLEY SOIL S Location and Ext
Page 101 and 102: GOLDEN EARS SOILS . (GE) t . Locati
Page 103 and 104: GOODY SOILS (GY) Location and Exten
Page 105 and 106: GRIGG SOILS (GG ) Location and Exte
Page 107 and 108: GUICHON SOILS (GU) Location and Ext
Page 109 and 110: HAMMOND SOILS . (HA) Location and E
Page 111 and 112: HARRISON SOILS . (HR) Location and
Page 113 and 114: HAZELWOOD SOILS (HD) Location and E
Page 115 and 116: HERON SOILS (HN ) Location and Exte
Page 117 and 118: HOLLYBURN SOILS (HB) Location and E
Page 119 and 120: HOPEDALE SOILS (HP) Location and Ex
Page 121 and 122: JUDSON SOILS (JN) Location and Exte
Page 123 and 124: KENNEDY SOILS , -n Plate 26 A t ypi
Page 125 and 126: KENWORTHY SOILS (KW) Location and E
Page 127 and 128: KITTER SOILS (K) Location and Exten
Page 129 and 130: (L) Commonly Associated Soils : Del
Page 131 and 132: LANGLEY SOILS (LA) Location and Ext
Page 133 and 134: LEHMAN SOILS . (LH) Location and Ex
Page 135 and 136: LIONS SOILS (LS) Location and Exten
Page 137: LONZO CREEK SOILS ,(LZ) Location an
Page 141 and 142: LYNDEN SOILS (LY) Location and Exte
Page 143 and 144: L r4 . Li- -_, - Plate 32 Marble Hi
Page 145 and 146: MATHEWS SOILS (MW) Location and Ext
Page 147 and 148: =-'~ squi soil profile (Eluviated E
Page 149 and 150: McELVEE SOILS (ME) Location and Ext
Page 151 and 152: MILNER SOILS (ML) Location and Exte
Page 153 and 154: (M) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 155 and 156: General Land Use Comments : (1) Mur
Page 157 and 158: NEPTUNE SOILS (NP) Location and Ext
Page 159 and 160: (N) General Land Use Comments : (1)
Page 161 and 162: NIVEN SOILS (NN) Location and Exten
Page 163 and 164: PALISADE SOILS (PA) Location and Ex
Page 165 and 166: equired to ensure soil instability
Page 167 and 168: PELLY SOILS (Pl ) Location and Exte
Page 169 and 170: POIGNANT SOILS (PT) Location and Ex
Page 171 and 172: PREST SOILS (PR) Location and Exten
Page 173 and 174: ROACH SOILS (RH) Location and Exten
Page 175 and 176: ROSS SOILS (RS) Location and Extent
Page 177 and 178: (RD ) Plate 37 Ryder soil profile (
Page 179 and 180: BARDIS SOILS (SD) Location and Exte
Page 181 and 182: SCAT SOILS Location and Extent : Sc
Page 183 and 184: SEABIRD SOILS (SB) Location and Ext
Page 185 and 186: SECRECY SOILS (SL) Location and Ext
Page 187 and 188: SHALISH SOILS Location and Extent :
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SIM SOILS (SI) Location and Extent
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STAVE SOILS Location and Extent : S
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STEELHEAD SOILS Location and Extent
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STRACHAN SOILS (SN) Location and Ex
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SU MAS SOILS so_ Location and Exten
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SUMMER SOILS (SR) Location and Exte
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SURREY SOILS (SU ) Location and Ext
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TSAWWASSEN SOILS (TS) Location and
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VEDDER SOILS (VD) Location and Exte
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Plate 39 Vinod soil profile (Rego G
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(VY) Plate 4 1 Vye soil profile (Gl
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General Land Use Comments : (1) Wes
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WHATCOM SOIL S Plate 42 A typical u
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W) Commonly Associated Soils : Scat
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WIDGEON SOILS (WG ) Location and Ex
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MISCELLANEOUS LAND TYPE S Miscellan
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Armstrong, J.
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Luttmerding, H .A. and P.N . Sprout
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oulders : Rock fragments over 60 cm
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eluviation : The transportation of
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lithic layer : Bedrock under the co
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unoff : The portion of the total pr
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Appendices
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APPENDIX C Average Minimum and Maxi
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Soil Name (Map Symbol) Simple Map U
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APPENDIX F SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES *
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APPENDIX I SOIL REACTION CLASSES *
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