All about potatoes.pdf - Vegetableipmasia.org

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7. MAJOR POTATO PESTS Cutworms in tubers Cutworms on leaves Mite adults Mite damage 48 ALL ABOUT POTATOES
8. MAJOR NATURAL ENEMIES OF POTATO PESTS 8 MAJOR NATURAL ENEMIES OF POTATO PESTS 8.1 Predators 8.1.1 Ladybird There are two kinds of ladybirds; dull-colored ladybirds that eat plant and shiny ones that are predators of other insects. Numerous species of predatory ladybird can be found on potato crops. You can differentiate between ladybirds by the color of their hard wings. There are red ladybirds, yellow ladybirds and speckled ladybirds. Both pre-adult and adult insects are equally effective preying and at controlling pests. They particularly prey on aphids, thrips and mites. Pre-adult insects are more voracious, and can eat more than 30 preys in a day. They kill and eat all parts of their prey. Eggs Larva Pupa Adult 8.1.2 Ground and rove beetles Beetles are hard-bodied flying insects. There are many species in this insect group. Grubs and adults of the ground beetle can prey on around three to five insects a day. They prey on insect larvae, aphids, thrips and mites. Rove beetles, which are black and red in color and have short outer wings, are very active and can be seen running around on the crop foliage hunting for eggs, larvae and small insects. Ground beetle Rove beetle 8.1.3 Hoverfly or Syrphids These flies are found on all crops and include a variety of species. Adult insects tend to hover or fly in one spot, hence the name hoverfly. Pre-adult insects are predatory, commonly referred to as syrphids, while adults feed on nectar. The larvae of these insects have extremely small heads, with hooked mouthparts; they have no legs, and soft translucent bodies. You can find them preying on groups of aphids by puncturing them with their hooks and sucking out their fluids. These predators can prey on around 8-22 insects a day. Adult insects are brightly colored with different species having different colorations. They have one pair of wings and move around very actively. A HANDBOOK TO THE ECOLOGY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF POTATO 49
Page 2 and 3:
Authors Editors Contributors Transl
Page 4 and 5:
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL? HOW TO USE
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.4. Planting____
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS vi ALL ABOUT POTA
Page 10 and 11: 1. INTRODUCTION Originally, IPM was
Page 12 and 13: 2. POTATO PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPM
Page 14 and 15: 3. SOIL • Observe the sediment: t
Page 16 and 17: 3. SOIL • Rainfall - Rain causes
Page 18 and 19: 3. SOIL field to field and at diffe
Page 20 and 21: 3. SOIL • Prevention of erosion a
Page 22 and 23: 3. SOIL application of the various
Page 24 and 25: 3. SOIL 16 ALL ABOUT POTATOES
Page 26 and 27: 4. SEED PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION
Page 32 and 33: 5. CULTIVATION PRACTICES Table 8: D
Page 34 and 35: 5. CULTIVATION PRACTICES 5.5 Hillin
Page 36 and 37: 5. CULTIVATION PRACTICES • Mainta
Page 38 and 39: 6. INSECT ECOLOGY 6.3 Insect life c
Page 40 and 41: 6. INSECT ECOLOGY 6.5 Beneficial in
Page 42 and 43: 6. INSECT ECOLOGY How to use it: Sq
Page 44 and 45: 6. INSECT ECOLOGY water or may alre
Page 46 and 47: 6. INSECT ECOLOGY F. Pesticide haza
Page 48 and 49: 7. MAJOR POTATO PESTS • Balancing
Page 50 and 51: 7. MAJOR POTATO PESTS pest has many
Page 52 and 53: 7. MAJOR POTATO PESTS to eat them.
Page 54 and 55: 7. MAJOR POTATO PESTS Lifecycle The
Page 58 and 59: 8. MAJOR NATURAL ENEMIES OF POTATO
Page 64 and 65: 9. DISEASE ECOLOGY • The environm
Page 66 and 67: 9. DISEASE ECOLOGY 58 ALL ABOUT POT
Page 68 and 69: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES Managemen
Page 70 and 71: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES • Destr
Page 72 and 73: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES o In thei
Page 74 and 75: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES B.3. Usin
Page 76 and 77: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES Viral dis
Page 78 and 79: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES Managemen
Page 80 and 81: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES • Potas
Page 82 and 83: 10. MAJOR POTATO DISEASES Potato vi
Page 84 and 85: 11. WEED ECOLOGY You can manage wee
Page 86 and 87: 12. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST MANAGE
Page 88 and 89: 12. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST MANAGE
Page 90: GLOSSARY GLOSSARY Aphid Bacterial w
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