Human Rights and Prisons - Rethinking Crime and Punishment

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Contact the Human Rights Commission for information on human rights Human Rights Commission InfoLine 0800 496 877 (toll free) Fax 09 377 3593 (attn: InfoLine) Email infoline@hrc.co.nz TXT 0210 236 4253 Language Line and NZ Sign Language interpreter available www.hrc.co.nz ISBN: 978-0-478-34998-6 (Online) Published July 2011 Auckland Aotearoa New Zealand Cover photo: Fred L‟Ami 2
Contents Preface ............................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 9 2. The Cultural and Legal Context .............................................................. 10 2.1 The Legal Framework ....................................................................... 11 3. The Institutional Context ......................................................................... 15 3.1 The Growth in Prisoner Numbers ..................................................... 16 3.2 The Institutional Response ............................................................... 18 3.3 The Re-introduction of Private Prisons ............................................. 20 3.4 The Impact of Increased Prisoner Numbers ..................................... 23 3.5 Securing Rights at the Operational Level.......................................... 25 4. Material Conditions ................................................................................. 30 4.1 Accommodation ................................................................................ 31 4.2 Lighting, Heating and Ventilation ...................................................... 32 4.3 Sanitary Facilities and Personal Hygiene .......................................... 33 4.4 Clothing and Bedding........................................................................ 34 4.5 Food and Water ................................................................................ 35 4.6 Access to Personal Property ............................................................. 36 5. Activities.................................................................................................. 38 5.1 Administration of Time ...................................................................... 39 5.2 Programmes ..................................................................................... 40 5.3 Work and Training ............................................................................ 44 5.4 Education .......................................................................................... 47 5.5 Leisure .............................................................................................. 50 5.6 Exercise ............................................................................................ 51 5.7 Access to Others .............................................................................. 51 5.8 Community Reintegration ................................................................. 58 6. Health Services ....................................................................................... 62 6.1 Health Needs of Prisoners ................................................................ 62 6.2 General Health Provisions ................................................................ 64 6.3 Mental Health Provisions .................................................................. 67 7. Treatment ............................................................................................... 71 7.1 Torture and Ill-Treatment .................................................................. 71 7.2 Use of Force, Weapons or Restraints ............................................... 71 7.3 Searches ........................................................................................... 73 7.4 Segregation ...................................................................................... 74 7.5 Personal Safety and Security ............................................................ 77 8. Treatment and Protection of Specific Groups ......................................... 83 8.1 Children and Young People .............................................................. 83 8.2 Older People ..................................................................................... 88 8.3 Gender .............................................................................................. 90 8.4 Ethnicity ............................................................................................ 94 8.5 Prisoners with Disabilities ................................................................. 98 9. Protection Measures ............................................................................. 100 9.1 Provision of Information .................................................................. 100 9.2 Registers ......................................................................................... 101 9.3 Disciplinary Procedures .................................................................. 102 9.4 Complaints and Inspection Procedures .......................................... 103 3
Page 4 and 5: 10. Staff .........................
Page 6 and 7: Executive Summary This literature r
Page 8 and 9: are concerns about educational prov
Page 10 and 11: 2. The Cultural and Legal Context R
Page 12 and 13: this context, the law is one crucia
Page 14 and 15: Significant New Zealand case law ha
Page 16 and 17: Reconviction and reimprisonment rat
Page 18 and 19: dominance of custody is also assert
Page 20 and 21: On a financial level, this increasi
Page 22 and 23: Zealand „will offer savings of be
Page 24 and 25: In response to such criticisms, the
Page 26 and 27: For instance, overseas studies (Cra
Page 28 and 29: surveillance, control and managemen
Page 30 and 31: 4. Material Conditions Material con
Page 32 and 33: Issues The accommodation for prison
Page 34 and 35: However, it has been used for perio
Page 36 and 37: Health dietician who provides input
Page 38 and 39: 5. Activities Law and policy framew
Page 40 and 41: across the penal estate (and within
Page 42 and 43: Sex Offender Treatment Programme -
Page 44 and 45: That „therapunitive‟ prisons re
Page 46 and 47: The consolidation of programmes tha
Page 48 and 49: Educational Achievement (NCEA); Sec
Page 50 and 51: Ultimately, she argues for the esta
Page 52 and 53:
up to five minutes per week (s77(3)
Page 54 and 55:
Issues Volunteers can provide a who
Page 56 and 57:
There are concerns about telephone
Page 58 and 59:
The use of temporary release so tha
Page 60 and 61:
Reintegration Unit - currently avai
Page 62 and 63:
6. Health Services Law and policy f
Page 64 and 65:
In reply to such long-lived argumen
Page 66 and 67:
suggests that Corrections staff are
Page 68 and 69:
Applications for the compulsory ass
Page 70 and 71:
when a prisoner‟s mental health d
Page 72 and 73:
Restraints must be compatible with
Page 74 and 75:
used. A rub-down of the person may
Page 76 and 77:
The UN Basic Principles for the Tre
Page 78 and 79:
As noted previously (Section 7.2),
Page 80 and 81:
An inability to cope with the initi
Page 82 and 83:
azor blade policy, under which high
Page 84 and 85:
The Department has also issued a Di
Page 86 and 87:
of young people. The Ministry of Ju
Page 88 and 89:
foster care, multi-systemic therapy
Page 90 and 91:
prisoners were ignored. Such approa
Page 92 and 93:
in a study that exposed the limits
Page 94 and 95:
sexual abuse. However, they also no
Page 96 and 97:
Kaumatua have official standing as
Page 98 and 99:
of detention together with convicte
Page 100 and 101:
9. Protection Measures This section
Page 102 and 103:
9.3 Disciplinary Procedures Law and
Page 104 and 105:
would help to increase prisoner con
Page 106 and 107:
Alongside the Ombudsmen‟s Office,
Page 108 and 109:
and Victims’ Claims Act 2005 that
Page 110 and 111:
10. Staff Law and policy framework
Page 112 and 113:
10.2 Culture Unlike the literature
Page 114 and 115:
eality, the numbers of new staff wi
Page 116 and 117:
Employees should perform their duti
Page 118 and 119:
11. Conclusion This review has show
Page 120 and 121:
Staff-prisoner ratios require impro
Page 122 and 123:
Moreover, New Zealand‟s use of pr
Page 124 and 125:
the Minister of Corrections on a ra
Page 126 and 127:
The Sentencing Amendment Act (No 2)
Page 128 and 129:
12.2 Relevant New Zealand Legal Cas
Page 130 and 131:
eginning of the process was a proce
Page 132 and 133:
to be provoked must be assessed obj
Page 134 and 135:
Distinction Between Prison Discipli
Page 136 and 137:
to protect complainants who allege
Page 138 and 139:
Refusal To Attend A Funeral Can Be
Page 140 and 141:
Treatment Example Of Degrading Trea
Page 142 and 143:
Mandatory Life Imprisonment Without
Page 144 and 145:
Brennan N (2010) „Prison Staff to
Page 146 and 147:
Coyle A and Stern V (2004) „Capti
Page 148 and 149:
Treatment or Punishment, In the Mat
Page 150 and 151:
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons (2009
Page 152 and 153:
Liebling A (2006) „Suicides in Pr
Page 154 and 155:
Ministry of Justice (2007) Conventi
Page 156 and 157:
Ombudsmen‟s Office (2007b) Invest
Page 158 and 159:
Sachdev S (2008) „Private Punishm
Page 160 and 161:
Tolmie J (2007) „Women and the Cr
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Human Rights and Prisons - Rethinking Crime and Punishment

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